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- Date: Mon, 25 Feb 85 15:49:04 EST
- From: Edward Haines <haines@BBNCCI.ARPA>
- Subject: Kermit and TACs
- To: Info-Kermit @ cu20b
-
- Using Kermit with an InterNet Terminal Access Controller (TAC).
-
- There are some conditions that must be met to successfully use Kermit on a
- personal computer through a TAC.
-
- Flow Control
-
- The buffer size for a terminal port on a TAC is typically about 64 bytes.
- (The size is a configuration parameter.) Since the default packet size in
- Kermit is about 96 bytes it is quite likely that buffer overflow will occur.
-
- Some possible solutions:
-
- 1. Enable flow control in Kermit on the PC and on the TAC. Many PC
- versions of Kermit implement XON/XOFF flow control. In particular, the
- new MS-DOS version does for the IBM PC. To enable flow control on the TAC
- issue the TAC commands
-
- @Flow Input Start
- @Flow Output Start
-
- These are usually abbreviated @f i s and @f o s. Note that flow control
- is not compatible with binary mode (except see note below).
-
- 2. Make the packet size on the PC Kermit small enough to not overflow the
- TAC buffer, e.g. 60 bytes. I had patched the old MS-DOS Kermit to do
- this. On the new MS-DOS Kermit, there is a command to set the packet
- size.
-
- 3. Increase the buffer size in the TAC. This is not usually practical
- and won't be considered further.
-
-
- TAC Intercept Character.
-
- The default TAC intercept character is the AT-sign. The AT-sign is also
- required by the Kermit Protocol.
-
- Solutions
-
- 1. Have the PC Kermit automatically double AT-signs on output. This is
- probably the best solution in general. This feature is available on some
- PC implementations of Kermit. It is not yet available on the MS-DOS
- version. [Ed. - It's available in CP/M-80 Kermit 4.0x.]
-
- 2. Change the TAC Intercept character with the command
-
- @Intercept <decimal ASCII value>
-
- I generally use @I 6 which sets the intercept character to Ctrl-F.
-
- 3. Put the TAC into Binary mode. This has the side effect of disabling
- the Intercept character. It also will allow you to transfer binary files
- without special encoding. The TAC can be put into Binary mode with the
- commands
-
- @Binary Input Start
- @Binary Output Start
-
- Some host systems allow you to engage the binary mode from the host.
- [Ed. - DEC-20 Kermit has a command for this.]
-
- There are several problems with binary mode:
- Some host systems don't support it.
- You lose the ability to control the TAC from the PC.
- You lose the ability to do XON/XOFF flow control.
-
- Binary Files
-
- It is sometimes desireable to be able to transmit an 8-bit binary file
- between a host and a PC. The TAC (which implements the DDN Telnet
- Protocol) normally provides just a 7-bit ASCII path.
-
- Solutions
-
- 1. Enable binary mode (if possible) as described above.
-
- 2. Enable 8th bit prefixing (if available) in both Kermits. (This is
- usually done by enabling parity.)
-
- Notes
-
- 1. You will probably get the best throughput for ASCII files by keeping
- the packet size as large as possible and using flow control.
-
- 2. There is not much advantage in increasing the baud rate between the PC
- and the TAC beyond 1200 baud because of the realatively long turnaround
- time for the acknowledgement packet.
-
- 3. You may have problems when going through satellite hops or multiple
- gateways due to the occasional very long delays. This may result in
- Kermit giving up. I have also seen Kermit get into a sort of resonant
- mode where it sends each packet twice but is otherwise succesful.
- [Ed. - The resonating packets usually happen when one of the Kermit
- programs is not capable of flushing its input buffer. See the BYTE
- article for an explanation of this phenomenon. Long delays can be
- circumvented to some extent by increasing the timeout interval; many
- Kermits have commands to allow this.]
-
- 4. Only the first letter of a TAC command is required.
-
- 5. It is possible to set binary mode in only one direction. For example
- you can set Inbound binary and retain input flow control (XON/XOFF flow is
- in the opposite direction). You probably don't need outbound (input to
- the PC) flow control when using the Kermit protocol.
-
- Ted Haines
-