home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- DIAGNOSING DISK-DRIVE PROBLEMS
- by Mark Witt, COG, June 1987
-
- (A basic look at common disk drive problems)
-
- One of the most disconcerting malfunctions on any microcomputer
- is trouble with disk drives. Not only can drive failure result
- in down time, but it can cause irreparable damage to your data
- and program files.
-
- The symptoms of drive malfunction are files that won't load, disk
- write errors, files that contain unexpected information,
- diskettes that suddenly won't boot and program crashes.
-
- Very often the drive will read reliably but include garbage data
- when writing to a diskette. This is bad enough when the garbage
- is written into Wordstar text, but the entire diskette can be
- lost if it occurs in the directory area.
-
- These symptoms will be aggravated by a warm or hot machine. Do
- not subject difficult-to-replace data to suspect drives.
-
- Four disk drive problems are commonly encountered. We will begin
- with the most likely and move to the least likely.
-
-
- DIRTY HEADS
-
- The best defence here is a good offense. CLEAN YOUR DISK DRIVE
- HEADS! Purchase a head cleaning kit and keep it handy. The kit
- will contain easy-to-follow instructions and information about
- frequency of cleaning.
-
- Dirty heads are not a possible future problem, they're a future
- certainty. All disk drives in use will get dirty. Not heeding
- this warning will leave you some Sunday afternoon with an
- unusable computer and no place to get the kit.
-
- If you've had problems and tried cleaning your drive heads and
- found little or no improvement, do it again. The instructions
- with the kit will indicate ten- to thirty-second cleanings, but
- that assumes no buildup. If you have been using your computer
- for two or three months, you must remove the accumulation.
-
- You may purchase a dry type, but I prefer the wet/dry type. With
- this method you receive one or two diskette-like devices. They
- differ from diskettes in that the media has been replaced with a
- cloth-like material.
-
- You apply an alcohol solution to the material and boot the
- system. The monitor will display "BOOT ERROR" messages.
-
- After the time required by the instructions, press Reset and
- place the freshly wetted diskette in drive B. Instead of RETURN,
- press SHIFT and the double-quote key to boot the system from the
- B drive. Again "BOOT ERROR" messages will be displayed.
-
- When finished cleaning the heads, mark the date on the head-
- cleaner package so you will know when you are due again.
-
- Some head cleaners are less abrasive than others; read the
- instructions. You may be surprised to learn that many head-
- cleaning systems meet the ANSI abrasive standards for diskettes.
-
-
- ALIGNMENT AND SPEED
-
- A second problem is alignment and/or speed. When the drive is
- new, the data pattern is written and read in a specified way and
- at a specified speed (300 rpm). As machines age or are dropped,
- the pattern and speed can get out of whack. An alignment and
- speed adjustment to correct this can be done by any computer
- repair shop. It is a good idea to check around for prices, which
- can vary greatly.
-
-
- HARDWARE FAILURE
-
- Hardware failure is an unlikely culprit, but the most expensive
- to remedy.
-
- The chain of events that lead to information being written or
- read begins with the mother board, in a chip called the drive
- controller. If this is defective, the board should be replaced.
- Next, if you have double density, is the double-density board.
- problems with this will sometimes cause your machine to work
- perfectly in double density but fail to write single density.
- Adjustment or replacement of the double-density board is in
- order. See your dealer.
-
- Next, the data is routed through the drive cable to one drive or
- the other. The cable must be seated firmly on the connections
- with the connector right-side-up. Failure here can be caused by
- pinching the cable between the case halves (grey case) or
- pinching other components and severing a wire, Sometimes a screw
- is driven into the cable during reassembly. Replacing a severed
- or broken cable is the solution.
-
- The next point for the data to flow is the PC board, on the top
- side of the drive. Failure of this board cannot usually be
- diagnosed by your dealer, and the entire drive would be sent to a
- repair firm for exchange.
-
- The last point of handling is the drive itself, where the data is
- written or read in much the same way music is written to a tape
- in a tape recorder. None of these components should take more
- than an hour to replace.
-
-
- EXCHANGED PARTS
-
- Most dealers use exchange parts. You get a used computer part
- that has been upgraded and tested in exchange for your old part
- and a fee.
-
- The cost is sometimes as little as on tenth of the cost of a new
- part. Ask your dealer whether the price you have been quoted is
- an exchange price. Try to get an exchange price. If not, you
- have a right to the old parts. Get them and keep them, as they
- might come in handy.
-
-
- POWER PROBLEMS
-
- If the drive problem refuses to show up when the computer is at
- the dealer's or moved to another location, suspect the power
- coming into your home or office. This is the fourth common cause
- of drive problems.
-
- In some cases, voltage may be too high for the computer to
- operate properly.
-
- The problem is that the computers were designed in California,
- where the base line of the voltage is 110 volts. Acceptable
- voltages there are 103 to 117. In Chicago, the base line is 120
- volts. Your power will vary between 113 and 127. Getting in the
- higher ranges will cause disk-write errors, screen garbage,
- internal Wordstar errors and unpredictable behavior.
-
-
- SURGE PROTECTORS WON'T HELP
-
- These warning signs will show more as the machine warms. Most
- surge protectors won't solve the problem because the "clamp" at
- high levels where physical damage could occur to the computer,
- not at levels interfering with operation. Check the voltage
- several times with a voltmeter. If it is 125+ consistently, it
- may occasionally go over 127.
-
- You can call the electric company and report that the voltage is
- on the high side and needs adjustment. Expect the company to
- refuse to do anything. If this happens, ask to speak to a
- manager. If no action is promised, request the number of the
- ICC. Call the ICC, and either the ICC or the power company will
- come to your home and put a five-day recording voltage checker on
- the line.
-
- Neither party should charge for this service the first time. If
- it is the electric company that puts the checker on the line,
- rest assured that it will have corrected the problem before
- workers come to your home.