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- Lossless JPEG Codec
- (Version 1.0; June 20, 1994)
-
- Kongji Huang and Brian Smith
- Department of Computer Science
- Cornell University
-
- This message announces a freely distributable lossless JPEG image
- compression package. The distribution contains the source code for
- JPEG lossless mode encoding and decoding, man pages that describe the
- commands, and an example of lossless JPEG compressed image. The
- INSTALL file provides the installation instructions. The distribution
- is available from ftp.cs.cornell.edu in the pub/multimed/ljpg
- directory.
-
-
- BACKGROUND
-
- In 1992, a joint ISO/CCITT committee known as JPEG (Joint Photographic
- Experts Group) established and published the first draft international
- standard (DIS) for compressing continuous-tone still images, both
- grayscale and color. JPEG has defined four mode of operations,
- summarized them as follows.
-
- (1) Sequential encoding: each image component is encoded in a single
- left-to-right, top-to-bottom scan;
- (2) Progressive encoding: the image is encoded in multiple scans for
- applications in which transmission time is long, and the viewer
- prefers to watch the image build up in multiple coarse-to-clear
- passes;
- (3) Lossless encoding: the images is encoded to guarantee exact recovery
- of every source image sample value (even though the result is low
- compression compared to the lossy modes);
- (4) Hierarchical encoding: the image is encoded at multiple resolutions
- so that lower-resolution versions may be accessed without first having
- to decompress the image at its full resolution.
-
- Our lossless JPEG encoding program has an automatic prediction
- selection value (PSV) selector which selects the best PSV among a user
- provided or default set of PSVs. This selector guarantees the best
- compression ratio for lossless JPEG.
-
- The encoding program "pnmtoljpg" compresses a Portable Pixmap or
- Portable Graymap image to a lossles JPEG (ljpg) image using the JPEG
- standard (DIS) lossless mode of operation. The decoding program
- "ljpgtopnm" decodes a ljpg image to either a Portable Pixmap or
- Portable Graymap image depending on the number of color components
- stored in the ljpg image file.
-
- To install the programs, see INSTALL file for detail. Command usage is
- summarized in the pnmtoljpg.1 and ljpgtopnm.1 files, which are in unix
- man page format. To view these files, type "nroff -man pnmtoljpg.1" or
- "nroff -man ljpgtopnm.1". The commands "pnmtoljpg -h" and "ljpgtopnm
- -h" will give you simple on line help.
-
- If you find a bug (or better yet, fix it!), port the code to another
- platform, or have suggestions for improvement, send email to
- kongji@cs.cornell.edu or bsmith@cs.cornell.edu
-
- We extend our thanks to everyone who helped to create, debug, and distribute
- this software.
-
-
- References
-
- Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard",
- Communications of the ACM, April 1991 vol. 34 no. 4, pp. 30-40. A revised
- version of this article is available at ftp.uu.net, graphics/jpeg/wallace.ps.Z.
-
- "The Data Compression book" by Mark Nelson provides a good introduction
- many data compression techniques. It also includes sample source code in C.
-
- "JPEG Still Image Data Compression Standard" by William B. Pennebaker and
- Joan L. Mitchell gives a detailed description of the JPEG standard. It also
- includes the text of ISO Draft International Standard (DIS).
-