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-
- THE GREYING OF HEALTH CARE
-
- By ANNE MULLENS
- Vancouver Sun
-
- VICTORIA - Margaret Slater sits comfortably on the couch in her
- small apartment. Peering into her 78-year-old eyes is nurse
- Margaret Nicholson.
-
- ``The swelling is definitely better. Not only that, but the redness
- is really fading. Can you see my face?'' Nicholson asks.
-
- A few steps away in Slater's bedroom, a home-care worker folds
- Slater's laundry. The doorbell rings with the arrival of a hot
- lunch from Meals on Wheels.
-
- This homey, comfortable scene - part of an experiment by the city
- of Victoria - could represent health care of the future.
-
- As little as three years ago Slater would have been been in
- hospital, occuping an acute care bed for weeks or months, most
- likely awaiting permanent placement in a nursing home.
-
- Instead, despite becoming virtually blind two weeks earlier when
- her retinas suddenly detached, Slater is healing at home.
-
- With almost one of every five of its 280,000 citizens over age 65,
- Victoria's population represents what Canada's will look like in 30
- years.
-
- By 2021, Statistics Canada predicts 20 per cent of Canada's
- citizens will be age 65 or older - an estimated six million people.
-
- And just as Victoria has felt compelled to find new ways to cope
- with the elderly in its health care system, experts say the rest of
- Canada must soon follow suit or risk being swamped by the health
- needs of the aging baby boom population.
-
- Almost 50 cents of every dollar spent on health care goes to
- someone over 65, with the most expensive time being the last 30
- days of one's life.
-
- ``Not only does independent living give the elderly a better
- quality of life, but it costs the system less,'' says Dr. Gloria
- Gutman, president of the Canadian Association on Gerontology and
- director of the Simon Fraser University Gerontology Research
- Centre.
-
- ``If we continue to deliver health care that places a heavy
- emphasis on cure and institutionalization, the costs will be
- unbearable,' says Blossom Wigdor, chairman of the National Advisory
- Council on Aging and a professor of psychology at the University of
- Toronto.
-
- ``We must begin to make the transition towards integrated,
- community-based services.''
-
- Enter the Victoria Health Project, which runs 12 programs designed
- to keep the elderly out of hospital and living independently in the
- community.
-
- ``We are a senior's test lab,'' says Rod Deacon, communications
- director for the project, which was created in March of 1988 by the
- provincial government, the regional community health department and
- the local hospital society.
-
- At that time, seniors consumed 60 per cent of the Victoria's health
- care dollars. At least 20 per cent of all acute beds in the
- region's hospitals were being occupied by elderly who didn't need
- acute care but were awaiting placement in long-term care
- institutions.
-
- ``At the rate we were going we would have soon needed to build a
- large number of beds to accommodate the demand,'' says Lindsay
- Critchley, manager of the Quick Response Team program, which comes
- under the Victoria Health Project's umbrella and sees 1,600 clients
- like Slater each year.
-
- Other health project programs include ``Wellness Centres'' to keep
- the healthy elderly from becoming sick; home palliative care
- programs to let the elderly die at home; caregiver support to
- bolster the spouse or aged offspring looking after the elderly at
- home; adult day care programs; homemaker support; seniors' support
- groups; and an outreach program for the elderly with mental
- illnesses.
-
- All 12 programs operate on a total annual grant of $3.5 million
- from the government.
-
- In just three years the programs appear to have made a substantial
- difference to the number of seniors coming into care, Deacon says.
- Despite having seniors flock to the region to retire at a rate of
- about 1,200 a year, the number of elderly occupying acute care
- hospital beds has dropped 60 per cent.
-
- The waiting list for nursing homes has dropped by 48 per cent. The
- region does not expect to require more health care beds for 20
- years.
-
- ``The program really has no detractors,'' Deacon says. ``It is
- popular with seniors, it is popular with health care providers. The
- whole thing just makes sense.''
-
- Slater is typical of the kind of patient in a sudden medical crisis
- that is ``scooped up'' by the Quick Reponse Team in the hospital
- emergency or in a hospital bed and taken home.
-
- A few days after her retinas detached she had an operation to mend
- the right eye. She spent four days recuperating in hospital before
- the QRT liason nurse felt she could safely heal at home, with a
- little help.
-
- The ``help'' consisted of a live-in homecare nurse who spent 24
- hours a day with Slater for the first four days, dropping her hours
- at the apartment down to six, then four, then two as Slater's
- health improved.
-
- An occupational therapist came by twice to make Slater's apartment
- safe and functional for her newly acquired blindness, such as
- removing throw rugs over which she might trip.
-
- A worker from the Canadian National Institute for the Blind placed
- red nail polish blobs on the dials of two stove elements, allowing
- her to feel when she had placed the elements on ``medium'' to heat
- a bowl of soup.
-
- ``Being in the hospital was grim. I didn't like it. I much prefer
- being at home,'' says Slater, who pays $6.38 a day for the
- services, a variable scale based on her income.
-
- Initial results show 31 per cent of QRT's clients need no further
- care once they have passed their immediate medical crisis. Another
- third have continued community support such as a homeworker who
- comes in periodically to do household chores.
-
- Less than 10 per cent of patients so far have had to return to the
- hospital, Critchley says.
-
- But while the project seems to be working for Victoria, can it be
- transfered to other cities which may have a lower density of
- seniors or cover a larger urban area? Is this the way that aging
- baby boomers will be treated in the future?
-
- ``It would take an initial influx of money to change the systems
- around, but there is no reason why this couldn't work in Montreal,
- Toronto, Kingston or any Canadian city,'' Wigdor says.
-
- ``Indeed, it doesn't take a genius to see that this is the way we
- have to go.''
-