Multimedia Grammar/MS_GRAMMAR.iso/grammar1/chapter1.8g

Text File | 1994-10-31 | 11KB | 266 lines

 264
à 1.8èMiscellaneous Pronouns
ä:ïIn the sentences in the Example, identify the reflexive
and intensive pronouns.
âS:
#ë ╖Who heard George saying out loud to himself that he was the only╗
#╖ë genius in town?

#ï╖è He himself lit the fire.
#In the first sentence, ╖himself╗ is a reflexive pronoun.ïIn the
#second sentence, ╖himself╗ is an intensive pronoun.
éS
ë The eight intensive and reflexive pronouns are identical.ïThe
#singular ones are ╖╖myself, yourself, himself, herself,╗ and ╖itself.╗╗
#The plural ones are ╖ourselves, yourselves,╗ and ╖themselves.╗ïAll of
#ç pronouns end either in ╖self╗ (singular) or ╖selves╗ (plural).ïA
#reflexive pronoun renames the noun or pronoun it refers to.ïIn ╖James╗
#╖╖worked himself too hard, himself,╗ which refers to the person who did
#the work, is another word for ╖James.╗ In ╖she saw herself as a sinner╗,
#╖herself,╗ the direct object of the verb saw, is another word for ╖she╗.
#Some people use many nonstandard forms of reflexive pronouns: ╖his-╗
#╖self, ourself, theirself,╗ or ╖theirselves.╗ïAvoid using ç expres-
sions.ïAn intensive pronoun, which is placed right after a noun or
#pronoun, emphasizes that word.ïIn ╖Howard himself dug up the roots,╗
#╖himself╗ forcibly points to ╖Howard╗ as the one doing the action.ïIn
#╖I myself am the victim, myself╗ makes it very clear that the person is
surely a victim.
 1.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains a reflexive
pronoun?

A)ïTracy sent himself a sympathy card.
B)ïThey showed him an olive.
C)ïWe traded gossip about his boss.
D)ïå
ü
#ë╢╢Himself╗ is reflexive.ïThis pronoun indicates that the person
receiving the card is the same person who sends the card.ïSince
#the other pronouns in the remaining sentences (╖they, him, we, his╗)
#do not end in ╖self╗ or ╖selves╗, they are not reflexive.
Ç A
 2.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains an intensive
pronoun?

A)ïHe positioned himself for battle.
B)ïShe was alarmed by the hole in her sweater.
C)ïThey themselves sneaked into the castle.
D)ïå
ü
#ë╢Themselves╗ is an intensive pronoun because it comes right after
#the pronoun (╖they╗) it emphasizes.ïIn the other sentences, ╖himself╗
#is a reflexive pronoun, renaming the pronoun ╖he╗, and ╖her╗ is simply a
third person singular possessive noun.
Ç C
ä:ïIdentify the singular indefinite pronouns.ïSee the
êê Example.
âS:

#ë ╖another, any, anyone, anybody, anything, each, either, every-╗
#╖one, everybody, everything, neither, nobody, nothing, no one, one,
#╖somebody, something,╗ and, ╖someone╗╗
éS

ëIndefinite pronouns do not refer to any particular person, place,
thing, condition, or idea.ïThey refer in general to nouns or other
pronouns.ïEven though it seems that some of ç indefinite pro-
#nouns have a plural meaning, for example, ╖everyone╗ does include more
than one entity, they are still considered to be singular.
 3.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains a singular
indefinite pronoun?

A)ïSomething is wrong with Matt.
B)ïWhere can we have some lunch?
C)ïOur bodies are stronger than we think.
D)ïå
ü
#ë╢Something╗ is an indefinite pronoun.ïWe do not know exactly what
is wrong with Matt, so we do the best we can to identify the problem
by calling it something.ïThe other sentences simply contain the first
#person plural pronoun ╖we.╗
Ç A
 4.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains two singular
indefinite pronouns?

A)ïDid anyone tell Tina that John at the dinner liked her stories?
B)ïNo one mailed me the items I had requested.
C)ïNeither of the paintings shows anything about real life.
D)ïå
ü

#ëThe two indefinite pronouns in one sentence are ╢neither╗ and ╢╗
#╗╢╢anything.╗╗ïThe other two sentences both contain one indefinite pro-
#noun: ╖any one ╗and ╖no one.╗
Ç C
ä:ïIdentify the plural indefinite pronouns.ïSee the
êê Example.
âS:


#êêè ╖both, few, many, others, several╗
éS
ëNotice that none of ç plural indefinite pronouns end in
#╖thing, one, ╗or ╖body,╗ as do so many of the singular indefinite pro-
#nouns, all except ╖either╗ and ╖neither.╗ïBut like the singular indefi-
nite pronouns, the plural pronouns do not refer to any specific nouns
#or pronouns.ïFor example in, ╖several days went by before I got a tan,╗
#╖several╗ does not specifically say how many days are involved: it
#could be three, seven, etc.ï╖Few╗ and ╖many ╗are just as vague.ïIn ╖a╖
#╖few of us were absent,╗ we do not know precisely how many people are
#absent. In ╖Both of them are jockeys, both╗ is more specific than ╖sev-╗
#╖eral, many,╗ or ╖few--both╗ includes just two people--but we do not
know exactly who ç two people are.
 5.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains a plural
indefinite pronoun?

A)ïNeither Jack nor Jill realized what was going to happen to them.
B)ïFew of the banners are stained.
C)ïNo one ever listens to his long lectures.
D)ïå
ü

#ë╢╢Few╗ is a plural indefinite pronoun.ïIn the other two sentences,
#╖neither╗ and ╖no╗ ╖one ╗are singular indefinite pronouns.
Ç B
 6.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains a plural
indefinite pronoun and a singular indefinite pronoun?

A)ïOne of the dumpsters was trashed by someone yesterday.
B)ïIs either one of you expecting a baby soon?
C)ïSeveral of the boys have seen someone weird.
D)ïå
ü
#ë╢Several╗ is a plural indefinite pronoun followed later on in the
#same sentence by the singular indefinite pronoun ╖someone.╗ïAnother
#sentence has the two singular indefinite pronouns, ╖one╗ and╖ someone╗.
#Another sentence contains the singular indefinite pronoun ╖either╗
#╖one.╗
Ç C
 7.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains an indefinite
pronoun that is singular in one part of the sentence and plural in an-
other part of the sentence?
A)ïEach of the foxes ran away from the trucks.
B)ïAre any of the strawberries tasty.
C)ïMost of the rich people have most of the land in my country.
D)ïå
#ü The indefinite pronoun ╢most╗ in the first part of the sentence
#is plural because it refers to the plural noun ╖people.╗ïIn the second
#part of that sentence, ╖most╗ is singular because it refers to the sin-
#gular noun ╖land.╗ïIn one of the other sentences, the indefinite pro-
#noun ╖any╗ is plural because it refers to the plural noun ╖strawber-╗
#╖ries.╗ïAnd the remaining sentence contains the indefinite pronoun
#╖each ╗that is always singular.
Ç C
 8.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains an indefinite
pronoun that is plural only because it refers to a plural noun?

A)ïThe gorillas are angry, and nobody is able to calm them down.
B)ïAre his heartbeats as strong as some of you surgeons claim?
C)ïNeither one of you is worthless.
D)ïå
ü
#ë╢Some╗ is an indefinite pronoun that is plural only because it
#refers to the plural noun ╖surgeons.╗ïAnother sentence contains an
#indefinite pronoun ╖nobody╗ that is always singular.ïThe remaining
#sentence contains an indefinite pronoun ╖neither one╗ that is always
singular.
Ç B
ä:ïIdentify the interrogative pronouns and the relative
pronouns.ïSee the Example.
âS:

#ë ╖who, whom, whose, which,╗ and ╖what╗ are interrogative pronouns;
#╖who, whom, whose, which, what,╗ and ╖that ╗are relative pronouns.
#éS Interrogative pronouns ask questions, for example, ╖Who╗ is the
#exceptional clarinet player? ╖Whom╗ did you bring? ╖Whose╗ suit did he
#wear? ╖Which╗ train must we take? ╖What╗ is his height?ïThe concern
#about when to use ╖who╗ or ╖whom ╗as interrogative pronouns will be dis-
cussed in a later chapter (Agreement).ïRelative pronouns relate one
part of a sentence to another, as in the following sentences: He was
#the man ╖who╗ hurt my feelings. I know the owner ╖whom╗ you sued. They
#knew ╖whose╗ bike went the fastest. Freddie had an idea ╖that╗ no one
#understood. My shirt, ╖which╗ I bought last fall, does not wrinkle.ïThe
precise function of relative pronouns will be discussed in a later
chapter (Clauses).ïNotice that the interrogative and relative pro-
#nouns contain the same pronouns, except for ╖that╗, a relative pronoun.
#╖That╗ is not also an interrogative pronoun.
 9.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains an interro-
gative pronoun?

A)ïIs Justin a tennis player?
B)ïWhat was his name?
C)ïDoes Florence hold a grudge?
D)ïå
ü

#ëEven though all three sentences are questions, ╢what╗ is the only
interrogative pronoun used.
Ç B
 10.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains a relative
pronoun?

A)ïI like what you value.
B)ïWho is this new talent?
C)ïWhich one of the religions do you believe in?
D)ïå
ü

#ë╢╢What╗ is a relative pronoun connecting ╖I like╗ and the rest of
#the sentence.ï╖Who ╗and ╖which ╗are used at the beginning of their
respective sentences as interrogative pronouns.
Ç A
 11.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains both an
interrogative pronoun and a relative pronoun?

A)ïWhat did Regina bring with her that would interest us all?
B)ïWhose is that?
C)ïI knew the yard which is not far from where your dog sleeps.
D)ïå
ü
#ë╢What╗ is an interrogative pronoun and╢ that╗ is a relative pro-
#noun.ïAnother sentence has the interrogative pronoun ╖whose╗ but no
relative pronoun.ïThe remaining sentence contains the relative
#pronoun ╖which╗ but no interrogative pronoun.
Ç A
ä:ïIdentify the four demonstrative pronouns.ïSee the
êê Example.
âS:


#êêêï╖this, that, ç, those╗
éS
#ë╖This, that, ç, ╗and ╖those╗ can function as demonstrative pro-
#nouns.ï╖This╗ and ╖that╗ are singular pronouns: ╖This ╗is my book. ╖
#╖That╗ is my house.ï╖These╗ and ╖those╗ are plural pronouns: ╖These╗
#are small sandwiches. ╖Those╗ are ragged sandals.ï╖This╗ and ╖ç╗
#refer to something nearby.ï╖That╗ and ╖those╗ refer to something
further away.
 12.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains a singular
demonstrative pronoun?

A)ïThese are my bows.
B)ïThis is what I rely on.
C)ïThose are difficult cities to locate.
D)ïå
ü

#ë╢This╗ is a singular demonstrative pronoun.ïIn the other senten-
#ces, ╖ç╗ and╖ those╗ are plural demonstrative pronouns.
Ç B
 13.ïWhich one of the following sentences contains two plural
demonstrative pronouns?

A)ïThose are your sheets; ç are mine.
B)ïThis is hard to figure out.
C)ïI am fond of that.
D)ïå
ü

ëThe first sentence contains the two plural demonstrative pronouns
#╢those╗ and╢ ç.╗ïThe other sentences contain the singular demon-
#strative pronouns ╖this╗ and ╖that.╗
Ç A