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1993-02-16
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Speeding Up Your CPU
By Alan Motsinger, Pinellas IBM PCUG - Bits & Bytes, Clearwater, FL
There is no single best setup for DOS 5.0 that suits everybody, and
your applications may demand a totally different setup. In part one of
this article, I will make some suggestions on how to improve
performance on a zero dollar budget. If you have the money, just skim
this article and go out and visit the hardware folks. Although much of
what I suggest is simple and logical (to me), it is not as simple as
writing out a check for a faster motherboard. So there you have it -
my way or the money way.
Part One
"Step On It"
It is not a simple task to make your computer FASTER without spending
money; but it IS possible!! First, you need to free up as much
conventional memory as possible. Use DeviceHigh in your CONFIG.SYS and
LoadHigh (LH for short) in your AUTOEXEC.BAT files. This requires a
memory manager like EMM386 (be sure to download the latest version
dated 7/92 from the BBS), QEMM, NETROOM, or my favorite, UMBDR522
.ZIP. DOS 5 will allow a Files=8 in the CONFIG.SYS and will allow up
to Buffers=43 in your CONFIG.SYS without taking up more memory.
PC Magazine has a great utility called UMBFILES.COM that loads more
files in the High Memory Area. Use STACKS=0,0 and NOT the Windows
recommended STACKS=9,256 unless you have some screwy setup. Use
FCBS=1,0 in your CONFIG.SYS. DOS will default to a higher value if you
do not use this line. With this done, you should get well over 625K (I
get 644,256 bytes.).
For the record, I use 4DOS which is a COMMAND.COM replacement. It is
really nice and it can also be loaded in upper memory.
Why optimize conventional memory? Generally, conventional memory is
scanned first and used first. Further, it is accessed faster. And,
many applications simply run faster with more memory available.
Windows is the BEST example.
Second, Use a hard drive disk cache program. Yea, they use memory (but
they can usually be loaded high and use extended memory and some that
can't be loaded high use very little room), but it really speeds up
hard drive access time. The updated SMARTDRV.EXE that came with
Windows 3.1 is really quite good (Be sure to download the discussion
file from the BBS). HYPER386.EXE and NCACHE.EXE (from Norton) and
CACHE86 (from the Aldridge Company) are also excellent.
Third, never use expanded memory. It is really a slow use of RAM. Use
Extended memory when given the option.
Fourth, try one of those memory refresh utilities. They really speed
up performance about 4-6 percent, they do not use memory, and are
quite safe. The faster your machine, the BIGGER the gain. I've using
one for years.
Fifth, for Windows set up a virtual disk equal to about the size of
your total RAM. So if you have a 4Mb RAM system, set your virtual
memory (hard drive space used to simulate RAM) to about 4Mb. Windows
will NOT use this slower method unless RAM is nearly exhausted. On the
same subject, DON'T use a RAM drive thinking it is faster for Windows.
Although the RAM drive IS faster than the virtual memory, it is slower
than simply giving the memory to Windows. Also, unless you are a SCSI
user like me, ensure your Windows SYSTEM.INI file, under [386 enh] has
the following:
32BtDiskAccess=On
Device=*int13
Device=*wdctrl
which allows direct 32-bit program code to access your hard drive
(IDE, MFM, RLL) and bypass the HD/FD BIOS.
By the way, did you know file WIN.COM and C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\WIN.CNF
are the same. EXCEPT, WIN.CNF does not have the Windows LOGO and is
about 1/3 the size. So rename WIN.COM to WIN.BAK and copy WIN.CNF to
C:\WINDOWS\WIN.COM.
Seventh, you can also adjust the BUS (the I/O slots) speed on your
computer. I have an old 386-25MHz motherboard with the AMI BIOS. Its
default BUS speed is the same as the updated IBM PC/AT (8MHz). You can
modify the BUS speed to reflect the default (8MHz) or System divided
by two or three (SYSCLK/2 or SYSCLK/3). Simply changing from AT to
SYSCLK/2 increased my video speed by almost a factor of two! Of
course, older cards may not work at the higher speed and you may be
forced to accept the default. Still Still, it is worth trying since
you can always get back to the default (ALT/CTRL/ INS on my machine).
Part Two
"Give Me An Example"
Before we begin any modifications to your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT
files, you should create a system bootup disk with copies of your
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT file. You can't be too safe and no one
wants the aggravation of a drive that won't boot. And, just for fun,
run the DOS "MEM/C" command and note your initial settings. I am using
my system as an example:
(1Byte-1Meg) (0K=640K) (640K-1024K)
Name Total= Conventional
---------------------------- ------------ + Upper Memory Block
---------------------------- ------------ -------------------
DOS System 12797 (12K) 10813 (11K) 1984 (2K)
Command.Com 4384 (4K) 272 (0K) 4112 (4K)
HiMem.Sys 1104 (1K) 0 (0K) 1104 (1K)
CPCHnd.Sys 53360 (52K) 0 (0K) 53360 (52K)
SetVer.Exe 432 (0K) 0 (0K) 432 (0K)
Mouse.Com 17088 (17K) 0 (0K) 17088 (17K)
SmartDrv.Exe 28320 (28K) 0 (0K) 28320 (28K)
====== ====== ====== ====== ===== =====
Free 717952 (701K) 644256 (629K) 73696 (72K)
My goal above was to obtain the maximum amount of conventional memory.
Your results may vary. (Note: The MEM/C output above was edited for
clarity.)
Next, I am providing you a copy of my CONFIG.SYS file with comments:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\UMB DRVR.SYS /C=04 UMBDR522.ZIP
DEVICEHIGH=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS Loaded High!
DEVICEHIGH=C:\SCAN\CPCHND.SYS /3 Hand Scanner
DEVICEHIGH=C:\DOS\SETVER.EXE Allows Old Software to run
Not req'd unless "Wrong Version of DOS"
error appears during program loading
DOS=UMB,HIGH Put DOS high, Allows UMB
SWITCHES=/W Old Windows switch; not req'd but is
important if you want WINA20.386 out
of booting root directory
FILES=43 Maximum Allowed in HMA
BUFFERS=8 Minimum allowed in HMA (save mem)
STACKS=0,0 Minimum Allowed (save mem)
Use 9,256 if Windows acts quirky
FCBS=1,0 Minimum Allowed (save mem)
LASTDRIVE=D
SHELL=C:\DOS\4DOS\COMMAND.COM C:\DOS\4DOS /E:1024 /P /F /MSG
* Note: I can not praise too highly the two shareware files that are
used in my CONFIG.SYS (UMBDR522.ZIP and 4DOSxxx.ZIP). Both are simply
excellent works. What follows next is my AUTOEXEC.BAT file with comments:
C:\DOS\UMBFiles.Com=32 PC Mag; Loads in HMA
C:\DOS\Zip N Memory Refresh Utility
LH C:\DOS\MOUSE\Mouse.Com /Y Mouse Driver (for DOS)
LH C:\DOS\SmartDrv.Exe 2048 1024 /Q Hard Drive cache
Path C:\WINDOWS;C:\DOS;C:\DOS\PKZip; Minimum Path (save mem)
SET TEMP=C:\WINDOWS\TEMP Windows working path
Set ComSpec=C:\DOS\4DOS\Command.Com 4DOS; Command.Com rep, renamed
Prompt=$P$G Miminum Prompt
CLS Erases Screen
C:\Windows\Win /3 Loads Windows
Well, the above is my system. I hoped it served as an example or guide
in setting up yours.