Media Share 9

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ Media Share 9 / MEDIASHARE_09.ISO / pascal / swapunit.zip / SWAPUNIT.DOC < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1992-01-20 | 17KB | 357 lines

SWAPUNIT: Turbo Pascal Unit Copyright 1992 Kevin Kwast January 20, 1992 SWAPUNIT allows you to execute a program (like the Turbo Pascal Exec procedure) with the maximum of available memory. Just add SWAPUNIT to Uses clause and use SwapExec instead of the Turbo Pascal Exec. Memory previously used by your program will be swapped to XMS, EMS, or the hard disk, freeing up more available memory for the executed program or DOS shell. SWAPUNIT requires Turbo Pascal version 4 or above. Units are included which were compiled under versions 4.0, 5.5, and 6.0 for your convenience. They are named SWAPUNIT.TP4 and so on. Rename your choice to SWAPUNIT.TPU and use it. The results can be astounding, particularly with programs that use a lot of stack or heap space. The SwapExec procedure is hand-coded in assembly language for optimal speed and minimum overhead. A child program or DOS shell can be spawned with as little as 3K overhead. Sound unbelievable? Try it! You have 30 days to examine SWAPUNIT and see if it meets your needs; if you decide to use SWAPUNIT, please register your usage with the author. See the end of this documentation for information. Here is the interface section of SWAPUNIT, which includes comments describing the unit's usage and results: Unit SwapUnit; { Kevin A. Kwast } (**********************************************************************) (** This unit provides Turbo Pascal programs with an ability to swap **) (** its memory blocks to XMS, EMS, or the hard disk (in that order) **) (** and EXEC another program. Put this unit last in the Uses list **) (** for best performance (Turbo Pascal links in reverse). The Try **) (** parameter allows the caller to specify which methods of swapping **) (** will be attempted. They are additive, so SwapToEMS+SwapToXMS **) (** will try swapping to EMS and XMS, but not to the disk. The word **) (** result of the SwapExec function is the result code, with the Hi **) (** and Lo bytes having the following meanings: **) (** **) (** Hi(Result) = 0: Success, the swapping and execution was OK. **) (** The DOS errorlevel result is in Lo(Result). **) (** = 1: An error in the DOS memory chain prevented **) (** swapping. This is unlikely. **) (** = 2: Unable to swap the program to any of the **) (** methods allowed. **) (** = 3: Swapping was alright, but the program name **) (** specified could not be executed. The low **) (** byte describes the execution problem. **) (** **) (** Lo(Result) = 2: Program name could not be found to execute. **) (** = 5: Couldn't open the program name. **) (** = 8: Insufficient memory to run the program. **) (** **) (**********************************************************************) Interface Const SwapToDisk = 4; SwapToEMS = 2; SwapToXMS = 1; SwapToAny = 7; Function SwapExec(Program_Name, Command_Line, Swap_FName: String; Try: Byte) : Word; Function CheckEMS : Boolean; Function CheckXMS : Boolean; ------------------- Function SwapExec ------------------- Parameter: Program_Name This is a Pascal string of any type containing the program which will be executed. This string is a DOS file specification which MUST include a file name and extension, and may include a drive and path. Any drive accessible by DOS is valid here. Parameter: Command_Line This command line will be passed to the executed program. Parameter: Swap_FName This is a DOS file specification to be used if it is necessary to swap to disk. This should be specified if SwapExec will try to swap to disk. Parameter: Try This byte describes which storage forms will be attempted in swapping. The constants SwapToXMS, SwapToEMS, SwapToDisk, and SwapToAny have been provided for user convenience. Result The word returned by the function describes the results of the swap and program execution. Check the high and low bytes for individual status codes documented above. ------------------- Function CheckEMS ------------------- Result The boolean result returns TRUE if LIM EMS 4.0 or compatible expanded memory is available. This is the form of expanded memory required in order to swap to EMS. ------------------- Function CheckXMS ------------------- Result The boolean result returns TRUE if a Microsoft XMS or compatible driver provides extended memory support. A driver like this is necessary to provide XMS support to SWAPUNIT. In order to get the optimum performance from SWAPUNIT, you need to understand how SWAPUNIT works, how Turbo Pascal allocates memory, and how you can use Turbo Pascal's memory allocation characteristics to your advantage. First of all, program memory is allocated as one large block including the program code, unit code, data, stack, and heap space. SWAPUNIT can save everything after itself in the memory block to XMS, EMS, or the hard disk. SwapExec will try XMS, then EMS, and then try to save to disk (you can allow swapping to only some of those forms with the Try parameter). If swapping is successful, the memory block is reduced in size and the child program is executed. After the child program returns, SWAPUNIT (which was not swapped out) will reload the rest of the memory block and restore the DOS memory block to its former status. Graphically, an example program being swapped looks like this: Before calling SwapExec: After SWAPUNIT Swaps: ------------------- ------------------- / 40K Free Memory \ / \ |=================| / All Of This Is \ | 500K Heap | / Swapped Out \ |=================| / And Available! \ | 16K Stack | / \ |=================| / 574K Free \ | 10K Data | / Memory! \ |=================| |=================| | 10K Units Code | | 2K SWAPUNIT | |=================| |=================| | 5K Program Code | | 5K Program Code | ------------------- ------------------- Since SWAPUNIT can only swap out what appears after itself in memory, you want SWAPUNIT to be the first unit in memory, and you want the program code (all the code in the main Pascal file) segment to be as small as possible. For those using Turbo Pascal version 5 or above, compile your program with map file generation (this is the /GS parameter in TPC, the command line compiler). Take a look at the .MAP file to see how memory will be used by the compiled program. You will see your program's name appearing as the first area in the .MAP file, with areas appearing later (or higher) in memory further on in the MAP file. Note that the SYSTEM unit (which Turbo Pascal always includes) is automatically linked as the last unit in memory; this is not a concern. SwapExec will swap out everything after the SWAPUNIT area and restore it when SwapExec returns. Turbo Pascal will always put the data, stack, and heap where they can be swapped out, but maximizing the unit and program code space which can be swapped out requires a little inside knowledge. Thus, your goal is to have a small main program area with SWAPUNIT immediately after that. Here are a few tips and facts to make this feat easier to accomplish: * String constants will be in the code segment. This means that if your main program contains a great deal of literal strings [such as things like: WriteLn('Hello there.');], your code segment can get very large. The best solution to this problem is declaring your strings in the Const section (which are allocated in the data segment) and then use the constant. [For example: Const Str1 = 'Hello there.'; WriteLn(Str1);] You will see this technique in the SWAPTEST example program. * Each unit occupies its own segment. These are linked in the reverse order of their appearance on the Uses line, so that the last unit on the line will be the earliest in memory. * The program's memory block will be loaded in order (from first to last in memory): the main program code, the unit segments (where each unit has its own code and data), the main program data, the stack, and the heap. * In order to keep the main program code as small as possible (since this is unavoidable overhead), put as much as you can in seperate units. A trick which I use goes like this: Put the basis of the program in a unit, which is then included in a "shell" whose sole purpose is to call the program in its unit. In this way, you can link SWAPUNIT before the large unit and have large applications use SwapExec with about 3 kilobytes of memory overhead. In order to allow the large unit to call SwapExec (which is in the SWAPUNIT), you will need to have a symbiotic dependency (so that the large unit containing the bulk of the program uses SwapUnit and SwapUnit uses the large unit). In order to do this trick, you will need the SWAPUNIT source code, which is given to registered users. See the end of the documentation for details. See the enclosed SWAPTEST example Turbo Pascal program and the commented SWAPTEST.MAP file (produced by Turbo Pascal 6.0) for an example of SwapExec usage and results. Please note that the SwapExec "swap to disk" function requires the user to have at least DOS 3.0, while everything else needs DOS 2.0 (as does anything, really). If the user doesn't have DOS 3.0 or above, swapping to disk will automatically fail. ----------------------------------------------------------------- D I S C L A I M E R ----------------------------------------------------------------- Every effort has been made to insure that SWAPUNIT works as described, and runs completely error-free. No guarantee is made as to the suitability of SWAPUNIT to any purpose, and I cannot be responsible for any damages alledged to have been caused by the use of SWAPUNIT. If you find a problem with the usage of SWAPUNIT, please alert the author at the address below. SWAPUNIT will continue to go through testing and modification to ensure the best possible product. ----------------------------------------------------------------- A B O U T T H I S P R O G R A M ----------------------------------------------------------------- SWAPUNIT is Copyright 1992 by Kevin A. Kwast, and protected by copyright laws under U.S. and International law. The user is granted the right to copy and distribute this package in its complete, unaltered form. Usage of SWAPUNIT requires a Shareware registration fee be paid to the author. In this way, you can examine SWAPUNIT and see if it meets your needs before you purchase the program. Take it for a spin; drive it around the block a few times. Try it out for 30 days, but please note that you may not use beyond this time (or use it in any program) until you register your usage. When you do, you will receive the Turbo Pascal source to SWAPUNIT (but not the assembly language source to the SwapExec routine), so you can remove the registration notice from the start of the unit and create a more specialized unit which will eliminate overhead (through each unit using the other, as I mentioned above). Specify disk type when you register, and you will receive the source code and additional examples so that you can begin producing the best programs possible. Thank you in advance for your support of Shareware products. Months of effort were put into this product, and your support shows that you appreciate products like these. Is $35 worth the effort you would put into designing something like this yourself? You can use the form on the next page (which is also found in the file REGISTER.ME) -- Thank you again! ----------------------------------------------------------------- R E G I S T R A T I O N F O R M ----------------------------------------------------------------- Print and complete this form to send with check or money order in the amount of $35 (US dollars only) payable to KEVIN KWAST. Mail to the address below, and thank you for your support; your registration makes quality Shareware possible. Any of this information is optional. Name: ____________________________________________________ Company: _________________________________________________ Address: _________________________________________________ City: ____________________ State: _______ Zip: _________ Area Code: _________ Phone: _____________________________ Computer Type: ___________________________________________ Turbo Pascal Version: ___________________ Modem? ________ Other Languages You Use: _________________________________ Disk Size Preferred: [___] 5.25 inch [____] 3.5 inch Where Did You Get SWAPUNIT: ______________________________ What Do You Think: _______________________________________ What Will It Be Used For: ________________________________ You can contact me for registration or support: Kevin A. Kwast P. O. Box 1397 Coppell, Texas 75019