home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- OSHTTRP2 - MEMORY PROBLEMS
- 10/20/94
-
- ================================================================
- MEMORY PROBLEMS
- ================================================================
-
- Please Read Entire Document for Full Explanation of Procedures
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Under OS/2, memory problems can cause a TRAP0002 or other TRAP error
- message. These traps and their associated register information may
- vary, and usually occur intermittently. A trap 2 message
- indicates that the operating system has detected a hardware memory
- parity error on the system board or on an expansion card. Memory
- problems may also result in the following symptoms:
-
- - Other intermittent hangs, traps, or IPEs
- - Intermittent application errors
- - "Snow" or similar on-screen noise corruption.
-
- The common sources of these problems include:
-
- Mismatched memory, such as Single In-line Memory Modules (SIMMs)
- of differing speeds or from different manufacturers. This is
- most likely if you recently added RAM to the system, or if the
- system is a "home-grown" or no-name clone assembled from various
- parts. SIMMs of different classes (such as 1x3-bit SIMMs and
- 1x9-bit SIMMs) should never be mixed. Also, 1x9-bit SIMMs are
- more reliable than 1x3-bit SIMMs.
-
- Slow memories: Some 486 and higher systems require 60ns or 70ns
- RAM chips.
-
- Cache problems and other memory parity errors.
-
- Solutions include:
-
- - Remove defective SIMMs
- - Replace SIMMs
- - Re-seat PCMCIA DRAM card
- - Disable shadow RAM
- - If the user has an AMI BIOS, disable "hidden refresh" and
- "fast decode enable"
- - Tune wait states
- - Disable cache during installation
- - Turning turbo switch off
-
- OS/2 2.x is a 32-bit operating system that handles data in 32-bit
- words, and some systems with timing problems may encounter
- problems with OS/2. DOS and other operating systems do not
- stress a system's memory the way that OS/2 does. For example,
- the DOS operating system uses 1M of low memory, while OS/2 is
- loaded into high memory that has never before been stressed by
- an operating system. DOS is a single-task operating system
- while OS/2 is multitasking which also stresses the memory in an
- OS/2 environment.
-
- Trap 2 errors are almost always memory related. Other traps may
- also be memory related. Traps that occur intermittently or
- during heavy memory utilization, such as the simultaneous usage
- of multiple Windows applications, are resolved by RAM removal
- and/or replacement.
-
- On IBM hardware, possible causes of a Trap 2 error include:
-
- 110 error: System board memory parity error
- 111 error: Memory expansion adapter parity error
- 112 error: Watchdog timer error (could be hardware or software)
- 113 error: DMA arbitration error (could be hardware or software)
-
- The most common type of Trap 2 error is caused by memory, but may
- also be caused by a system board, a Micro Channel adapter
- failure, timing problems, and and other hardware errors,
- particularly those associated with ISA bus-mastering adapters. A
- Trap 2 is rarely caused by software errors because software
- usually does access to the processor's NMI line. The NMI line is
- set when the system detects a memory partiy error. A Trap 2
- occurs only when the NMI line is set.
-
- When any trap occurs, especially a Trap 2:
-
- - Check the failing system for mismatched memory SIMMs from
- different manufacturers or different classes.
- - Ensure all RAM is of the same model and speed.
- - Contact the suppliers of the RAM chips or the memory adapter
- to have these components tested.
-
- When a memory expansion card is used, make sure the SIMMs on the
- card are from the same manufacturer and are the same speed as
- those on the motherboard. If a problem is traced to an expansion
- card, check with the system's manufacturer to find out if the
- card is a recommended model for your system. Since memory parity
- errors are caused by timing related problems, try placing the
- card in another slot to reduce the distance between the card and
- the processor and to reduce memory access time.
-
- Make sure the memory wait states are matched to the speed of the
- processor bus. Some systems automatically tune these wait
- states, others let you change these settings, and still others
- require memory of a certain rated speed or higher. A 486DX2/66
- system has a 66MHz internal bus, but its external (processor)
- bus, that connects to the memory and other system components,
- runs at 33MHz. This system can operate with zero wait states
- only if it is equipped with 60ns RAM or faster. If the system is
- equipped with 70ns or 80ns RAM, then it must be set up for one
- wait state. The processor speed relates to wait states as
- follows:
-
- Processor Clock Period Memory Speed Required for 0 WS
- 486DX/25 40ns 80ns
- 486DX/33 30ns 60ns
- 486DX/50 20ns 40ns
-
- Because the SIMM is precharged on one clock cycle and accessed on
- the next, its speed rating is two times the period of the fastest
- clock rate it can accomodate. If the clock period is less than half
- of the SIMMs rated speed, then wait states must be introduced.
-
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- IBM disclaims all warranties, whether express or implied,
- including without limitation, warranties of fitness and
- merchantability with respect to the information in this document.
- By furnishing this document, IBM grants no licenses to any
- related patents or copyrights.
-