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- A BRIEF HISTORY OF SCRABBLE
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- The Scrabble (tm) Word Game
-
- The Scrabble (tm) word game has its origins in the depths of the Great
- Depression. Alfred Butts, an unemployed architect in upstate New York, had
- time on his hands. It was 1931, and his career prospects were understandably
- dim. What better thing to do than to try to invent a new board game?
-
- Butts attempted to combine the elements of anagramming and crossword puzzle
- solving in his new game. Skill would predominate, but random chance would
- also play a part. He called it Criss Cross.
-
- Butts made Criss Cross sets by hand for friends, who received it with
- enthusiasm, and sent samples to game manufacturers, who ignored it. By then
- architects were again in demand, and he returned to the practice of his
- profession.
-
- By 1948, Butts was willing to give up manufacturing rights to family friends,
- James Brunot and his wife. The Brunots revised the game and changed its name
- to the now familiar Scrabble (tm). The game's popularity grew steadily over
- the next few years, but it was still not a money maker. Finally, Brunot
- managed to consign some sets to the Macy's department store in 1952. Macy's
- featured the game and the orders began to pour in. Brunot's small company
- could no longer keep up with the demand and he assigned marketing and
- distribution rights to the Selchow and Righter Company.
-
- During the 1950's, Scrabble (tm) became a national mania, being featured in
- the media and becoming the family game of choice. Its popularity continued
- on a gradual upward curve into the '60's and '70's. The last decade has seen
- something of a decline in Scrabble's (tm) fortunes as the younger generation
- has taken to video and computer games. Scrabble (tm) remains, however, the
- premier board game, a synergistic blend of letter pattern combinations and
- geometric abstraction. It is about building words from random letter
- combinations, bringing forth order from chaos, and it is about conquering
- time and space. It is one of those rare games that allows its players to
- take part in a magic ritual for just a little while.
-
- A few years ago, Selchow and Righter sold all rights to Scrabble (tm) and
- derivative products to Coleco. Coleco went bankrupt shortly afterwards
- (though not as a result of Scrabble (tm), which continued to sell steadily).
- Milton Bradley, a subsidiary of Hasbro, acquired the rights and still owns
- them to this day. Milton Bradley is making some efforts to revive the
- popularity of the game, and is attempting to introduce it into schools as an
- educational device. The large cash prizes at national tournaments ($50,000 at
- the Las Vegas nationals) that generated notice in the news media were put up
- by Milton Bradley.
-
- The 3rd edition of the OSPD (tm) will be valid for play at the beginning of
- February, 1996. There may also be an expurgated edition released, missing
- all those nasty words and insults, but all the expurgated words will still be
- valid in competitive tournament play. The file OSPD.NEW contains the words
- newly added to the 3rd edition.
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- Computer Versions of Scrabble (tm)
-
- The first generation of personal computers was scarcely powerful enough to
- support as complex a game as Scrabble (tm). The Commodore Pet, TRS-80 Model
- I, OSI Challenger, and Apple II typically had between 4K and 16K of memory,
- cassette tape storage, and limited graphics. The main programming language
- available, BASIC, was hardly suitable for anything but fairly simple games.
- This was to change quickly.
-
- In its April 1980 issue, CREATIVE COMPUTING magazine published a listing of
- "Perquackey" written in DISK BASIC for the TRS-80 Model I, by David E.
- Powers. The game had much of the feel of Scrabble (tm) and hinted at greater
- possibilities. This version of computer Perquackey was very playable and did
- not produce boredom unless played to excess (more than 5 hours at a time).
-
- In its December 1981 issue, BYTE Magazine featured a version of Scrabble
- (tm) written by Joseph Roehrig in generic MBASIC in the annual games award
- issue. After spending many hours typing in the long listing into my 16K
- "Trash 80", I was rewarded with a very crude and slow simulation of what I
- barely recognized as Scrabble (tm). Disappointing.
-
- The big breakthrough came in May of 1981. Personal Software Inc. released
- Monty Plays Scrabble (r) for the disk-based 48K Apple II. The graphics were
- low resolution (it did *not* use the Apple's hires mode and it was actually
- necessary to keep track of play on a game board), the game played s-l-o-w at
- the higher levels, and that little disk drive kept grinding away as "Monty"
- looked up words to play. All the same, "Monty" played a remarkably strong
- game, averaging about 350 points per game at the top level and scoring about
- a Bingo per game. This was an astonishing achievement for that generation of
- computer hardware. Sadly, the handheld electronic version of "Monty" was a
- disappointing failure.
-
- The advent of the more powerful IBM PC brought more sophistication to games.
- Virgin Games brought out its version of Scrabble (tm) in the late '80's. It
- played almost as strong a game as "Monty", and the graphics were somewhat
- better. Around 1990, Virgin Games released Deluxe Scrabble (tm), for PC
- compatibles with hard drive, mouse, and a VGA monitor. The graphics were
- greatly improved, the game play was strong, averaging maybe 380 points per
- game, and the game playing interface the best so far. After 10 years, Monty
- was finally beaten.
-
- Virgin Games Deluxe Scrabble (tm), was issued on CD ROM, and cost in the
- neighborhood of $35 (discounted considerably at computer flea markets, if
- you can still find it). It provides good practice for game play against
- humans, especially in its timed mode. It has many extra options and features
- as a bonus. The word list is only OSPD1 compatible with about 200 errors in
- it. Probably no longer available at retail.
-
- In late 1987, Vic Rice wrote a freeware Scrabble (tm) program using EGA
- graphics. It is difficult to set it up to run on newer computers with
- extended memory, but it plays an interesting game. His address:
- 4026 Bayou Grove Rd.
- Seabrook, TX 77586.
-
- In early 1988, Chris Hall, now of Irving, Texas programmed a simple version
- of Scrabble (tm) and released it as freeware. It allows human players to use
- the computer as a surrogate for the game board and pieces when competing
- against each other. There is *no* computer opponent. This is an interesting,
- if limited program. It may still be available for download from some BBS's.
- Chris Hall's address is:
- PO Box 165507
- Irving, TX 75016-5507.
-
- There is a very good shareware version of Scrabble (tm) available, called
- Scramble. It can be downloaded from many BBS's and is offered by some
- shareware distributors. Scramble has a very intuitive player interface,
- superior even to that of Virgin Games' commercial version. The graphics are
- only adequate, and important features such as a save-game option and a game
- timer are missing. Still, at $15 to register it is a bargain and highly
- recommended. Scramble may be ordered directly from:
- Diana Gruber
- Ted Gruber Software
- PO Box 13408
- Las Vegas, NV 89112.
-
-
-
- Scrabell is a simple but elegant freeware version of Scrabble (tm). No
- computer opponent is provided, though there is a word check against the
- supplied 35,000 word dictionary. The VGA graphics are adequate, actually
- very similar to Scramble, above, as is the mouse interface. The entire game
- requires only 400K of drive space so it is eminently suitable for older
- systems or laptops. The author will accept, but does not require, a $5.00
- contribution.
- John M. Sharpe
- 9502 N. 15th Ave., #224
- Phoenix, AZ 85021
- E-mail: jmsharpe@aol.com
-
-
- Another very good shareware Scrabble (tm) game, for Windows users, is
- Scrabout, by Lance Frohman. It carries a low $10 registration, and Lance will
- supply extra dictionaries, including foreign language ones, to registered
- users.
- Lance Frohman
- 2035 Filbert St., #2
- San Francisco, CA 94123-3539
- E-mail: lfrohman@sirius.com
-
-
- Then there is Wordsworth. This shareware game is a mind-blowing new approach
- to computer Scrabble (tm). It eliminates the some of the limitations in
- classic Scrabble (tm) by allowing the player to configure the shape of the
- board and even to choose the letter distribution. The graphics in the
- highest resolution mode are a bit hard on the eyes and the dictionary could
- be larger (15,000 words in the unregistered version, only 65,000 in the
- registered), but all the same this is a noble attempt to breathe some life
- back into this venerable game. Also has a number of subsidiary anagram and
- pattern matching utilities. Highly recommended, even if a bit pricey. Costs
- $25 U.S. (75 Rand South African) to register. May be ordered directly from:
- Graham Wheeler
- P.O. Box 6680
- Roggebaai
- Capetown 8012
- South Africa
- ==============
- Email: gram@oms.co.za
-
-
- The strongest commercial version of Scrabble (tm) is reputed to be CrossWise.
- It costs $35 + shipping and is available from Cygnus Cybernetics, 2013
- Weathertop, Ft. Collins, CO 80526. Runs on PC Compatibles only.
-