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- nutrient a molecule that provides energy or materials for growth / life
- calorie unit of heat energy - amount needed to raise 1 g water 1 deg C
- Calorie kilocalorie - 1000 calories
- mineral inorganic material required by the body
- carbohydrate energy molecules with a ratio C:H:O of 1:2:1
- glucose a simple sugar with formula -- C6 H12 O6
- disaccharide two simple sugars joined together covalently
- polysaccharide many simple sugars joined together covalently
- sucrose table sugar - a disaccharide
- starch an important polysaccharide that is easily digested
- cellulose an important polysaccharide that is not easily digested
- lipid a kind of fat
- glycerol part of a fat - one is present in a fat
- fatty acid part of a fat - usually three are present in a fat
- saturated fat a fat that has no double bonds
- unsaturated fat a fat that does have some double bonds
- amino acid the building unit of a protein
- vitamin complex organic molecule - critical but used in small amounts
- digestion process of breaking food down for absorbing it into the blood
- mechanical dig. physically breaking apart the food - with teeth for example
- chemical digest.breaking the bonds of food apart chemically
- saliva mucus; water; amylase mixture
- pharynx the back of the mouth at the throat area
- epiglottis a falp of cartilage that forces food into the esophagus
- esophagus the tube that passes from the pharynx to the stomach
- peristalsis rhythmic muscular contractions that push food through system
- sphincter a ring of muscle
- stomach thick muscular sac just below the diaphragm
- chyme a thick soup-like mixture of partly digested food leaving stomach
- gastric juice acidic secretion of the gastric (stomach) glands
- small intestine where most digestion and absorption occur
- jejunum the second main section of the small intestine
- ileum the third main section of the small intestine
- duodenum the first section of the small intestine
- pancreas gland that produces enzyme to break down protein/carboh/fats
- liver produces bile
- gall bladder stores bile
- colon the longest part of the large intestine
- rectum the last part of the large intestine where wastes are stored
- large intestine where water is reabsorbed from the digestive system into the blood
- pepsin enzyme made in stomach - breaks down proteins
- villi projections of the surface of the intestine - increase surface
- appendix saclike organ between small and large intestines
- trypsin an enzyme that breaks down proteins
- lipase an enzyme that breaks down fats
- bile emulsifies fats - not an enzyme though
- amylase an enyzyme that breaks down starches
- emulsify break a fat down into tiny droplets
- gallstone crystallized bile that blocks bile ducts
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