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ReadMe
======
This disc contains a special version of !BubbleHlp from David Pilling, which will
give you an explanation of whichever icon is under the pointer.
1). Getting started
What do I need?
To run Rhapsody 4 you need an Acorn machine fitted with RISC OS 3 and a
minimum of 4 megabytes of RAM. For the best results, you also need an ARM 3
or faster processor. The program will run on ARM 2 and 250 machines, but will
be quite slow.
RISC OS 3.1 computers MUST turn off RAMFS before running Rhapsody 4. Do this by
*UNPLUG RAMFS
You will not now be able to create a RAM disc.
You will also need the special fonts needed by Rhapsody 4. The demo comes
with !Fonts, which you can either use as it comes, or merge with your
existing fonts.
Short Tutorials
---------------
To get you into Rhapsody 4 as quickly as possible, this section will tell you how to
* load and play an existing score
* create a new score
* add notes to an existing score
* add a new stave
* save a score.
* copy and edit whole blocks
* enter music directly from a MIDI keyboard
* add lyrics and other marks to your score
* print out the finished score
Loading and playing an existing score
-------------------------------------
Run Rhapsody 4 by double clicking on the !RhapDemo icon in the directory
display. The Rhapsody 4 icon will then appear on the icon bar. To open a new
score window click on the icon with Select or Adjust.
Once you have loaded Rhapsody, you can load in a score by dragging its icon
in a Filer window onto the Rhapsody icon on the icon bar, or onto a score
window.
Try loading in one of the new demonstration files supplied on the
demo disc. The score will appear in a new window if you dragged the
file onto the iconbar icon; otherwise, it will appear in the score window
you dragged the file onto. If this window contains a (non-blank) score
already you are asked if you want to overwrite it.
Now you have a tune, you can play it. Click anywhere in the score with the
Menu button and select Play from... Start.
The supplied scores are set up to play through Midi by default. If you
haven't got a Midi interface, you can play through the internal sound system.
To do this, go to Play Options from the menu and select play internal sounds.
Note that the volume provided with the internal sound system is quite low. It
is best to use headphones, or speakers attached to the headphone socket.
The sample scores provided, have been set up to conform to General MIDI; if
you have an instrument compatible with this standard you will be able to
hear these scores played on the correct instruments and create new scores
using the instrument names provided.
If your MIDI instrument does not support General MIDI, you may need to change
the voice numbers on the staves to make it sound right, and Rhapsody will not
get the instrument names in its windows right until you tell it how the
different voices in your instrument are laid out.
For more information on configuring R4 for your MIDI keyboard see the files in
!RhapDemo.MidiSetup
Pay particular attention to Setup and the files in the directories.
The full version of the program contains a configuration program, to make
setting up your keyboard easier.
Creating a new score
--------------------
If Rhapsody is not already running, load it in as above. Then bring up a new
score window by clicking on the icon bar.
To begin with, the score contains nothing but a treble clef and a common time
signature, on a single stave. The first thing we need to do is select this
score for editing. To do this, click on the treble clef using the Select
button. A yellow box called the cursor will appear.
The cursor is where all editing happens. Note the little red arrows which
point at one of the stave lines.
When you first opened the new score, you will have seen the main panel appear
as well. Let's pause a minute and have a look at what it offers.
On the left at the top are four arrow icons which move the cursor left and
right and also move the red arrows up and down.
On a blank score, you can move the arrows up and down but the cursor will not
move left or right because there is nowhere for it to go. Try it. Naturally,
the cursor keys on the computer keyboard do the same thing.
Next along is a group of coloured keys which enable you to enter and delete
symbols in a score. We shall be using these a lot.
The third group controls what appears in the lower half of the panel. Make
sure that the leftmost icon is selected - the one that selects all the
notes, rests and all the other musical symbols.
On the right hand side are three buttons which corresponds to a different
mode, or style of editing. In this tutorial we shall use cursor edit mode.
This is the default state of affairs, and if you are using Rhapsody 4 for
the first time the panel should be in this mode already. (The current mode
is shown on the title bar as well as being reflected in the buttons.)
Tucked in between these two groups of icons is the clipboard icon, but we
shall not be needing this yet.
Underneath the edit mode buttons are the record and play buttons. and to the
left of them, a group of note head style icons
Most importantly of all, of course, is the display of musical symbols in the
lower half of the panel. This contains nearly 200 symbols and it is not
possible to show them all at once so this part of the window is scrollable.
At the ends of the window are two sets of buttons.
If you simply move the pointer over one of the larger upper buttons, the
window scroll smoothly in the direction of the arrow.
To move the window a 'page' at a time, click on one of the small buttons at
the bottom. In both cases pressing the adjust button scrolls the window in
the opposite direction. Another way to scroll the window is simply to drag
it using the select button. (Press the select button while the pointer is
anywhere in the window and hold it down while you drag the mouse, and the
window, from side to side.)
Now we are ready to enter some music.
Entering musical symbols
------------------------
Key signatures are not required very often except at the start of a piece so
they will be found towards the right hand end of the symbols window. (If you
want to select a key but you do not know how many sharps or flats it has in
it, you can simply press the appropriate letter on the computer keyboard. If
the key is too complicated eg Eb minor, you can try each key signature in
turn until the right name appears in the information window below the action
icons)
To insert a key signature into the score, click on the Insert-After button.
What this does is to insert the selected symbol into a new slot immediately
to the right of the cursor. You will often need this button when entering
the first stave of a blank score. It has a keyboard shortcut - the full stop
key (which also has a > sign on it to remind you that the cursor moves one
slot to the right.)
The next thing we need to do is to enter a time signature. The time
signatures are at the very end of the symbols window. Click on a time
signature and then click the Insert-After button again.
To enter the notes of your tune, you need to add them one at a time to the end
of the score. First, move the symbols window back to the left hand side so
you can see all the notes. Click on the quaver symbol for example (...or you
could press F4). Now you need to make sure that the red arrows are on the
right line of the stave. If they are not on the line required, move them
either with the cursor movement icons in the top left hand corner of the
panel (...or with the cursor keys on the computer keyboard). When they are
correct, click on the Insert-After button (...or press the full stop key).
Try adding another quaver and so move the cursor up two notches and insert
again. Then try a crotchet so select a crotchet (...or press F5) and
insert again. Once Rhapsody recognises that the bar is full and
automatically put the barline in for you.
Carry on in this way, selecting, moving the cursor and inserting until the
line is complete. Try using the keyboard short cuts as well as the mouse.
If you find that you have made a mistake, you may want to delete a note. To
do this, place the cursor over the note in question and click on the delete
button:
(The short cut for this is the slash key - which also carries a ? mark) Note
that the red arrows do not actually have to be on the note you want to
delete. Rhapsody deletes the nearest note - so if there is only one note on
the stave, it doesn't matter where the red arrows are. (Note that when
deleting a symbol, you should in general select the type of symbol that you
want to delete first eg any note or any rest. This is to avoid ambiguity. If
Rhapsody can't guess what you want to delete, it will beep at you.). To
reinsert the note, selecte the right note value - crotchet or quaver, as
before - and then click on the Insert-At button: (The short cut for this
button is the Space Bar)
Instead of deleting a note, you can also drag it. Point exactly at the note
you want to drag and hold down the Select button for a second and a red
note head will appear. Carefully move it up or down to the correct position
and let go. Notes (and indeed anything else) can be moved (using the Select
button) or copied (using the Adjust button) anywhere in a score - even into
another score if you want.
Adding a new stave
------------------
Now we need to add a new stave. What is more, the new stave must be
underneath the first one. Click on the score somewhere underneath the first
stave using the Menu button. Then choose Stave Add stave from the menu.
You will notice that Rhapsody has guessed that you need a bass clef. It will
normally give you a treble clef unless you ask for an extra stave at the very
bottom of the score. Of course, you could always change the clef if you
wanted to. It has also copied the key signature and time signature from the
stave above.
Adding notes to an existing score
---------------------------------
Adding notes into an already existing score is a little bit different from
adding notes to the end because the slots into which the notes must go
already exist. First put the cursor on the new stave at the correct
position (the second line down) and select the minim symbol (or press F6).
Now click with the Insert-At button using the Adjust button on the mouse.
This will insert a minim with a down stem without moving the cursor. Note
that if you had used the Insert-After button, Rhapsody would have pushed all
the subsequent notes along which is not what we want. Using the Adjust
button instead of Select inserts a down stem instead of an up stem.
Move the red arrows up to the next line and click Insert-At again. Add a
third minim in the same way. Now move the cursor to the beginning of the next
bar and add another chord. Other notes and chords can be added in exactly
the same way. .
Playing a score
---------------
Put the cursor at the start of the score and click on the Play button on the
main panel (or press Ctrl-P).
Alternatively choose Play from Start on the main menu, as before.
Since you have not set any other options for this stave, Rhapsody will
play it through MIDI port 1, channel 1 if you have a MIDI card (make sure
your instrument is for the moment set up to receive on channel 1);
otherwise, it will use the computer's internal sound system.
You will probably find that the score plays far too quickly. This is because
we have not yet entered a tempo command. To do this we need to change the
panel mode by clicking on the tempo/volume select icon.
This changes the lower half of the panel.
Make sure that the 'Immediate' option and the metronome buttons are selected.
Click on the '72' button. This sets the tempo to 72 crotchets per minute.
Now put the cursor at the very beginning of the score (ie click over the
treble clef).
Finally, click on the Insert-At button. When you play the score now, it will
play at the right tempo.
Saving a score
--------------
You can save your work by following Score Save on the main menu; choose a
suitable file name and drag it into a Filer window as normal. THIS FUNCTION
IS NOT AVAILABLE IN THE DEMO VERSION.
Reloading files.
----------------
Now to start entering more notes. First put the cursor at the end of the
score on the upper stave. Use the cursor movement icons or the cursor keys
to put the red arrows at the right pitch; select the quaver symbol (F4) and
click Insert- After (or press the Full stop key). Remember to use the
Select button to insert a note with its stem pointing upwards and the Adjust
button to insert a note with its stem pointing downwards. If you want to
change the direction of a note stem ,the simplest way is to place the cursor
over the note and press Ctrl-S.
There are two ways of entering a dotted crotchet. You can either insert a
crotchet in the normal way, then select the single dot symbol and use
Insert-At to add it to the crotchet, or you can select the crotchet symbol
in the usual way, then, before you insert anything, select the dot symbol
using the Adjust button. This adds the dot selection to the selected note.
Now when you click Insert-At you will enter a dotted crotchet. (A number of
other symbols can be attached to a note in the same way including triplets,
ties, accents and accidentals.)
(Because dotted notes are so common, you can select it immediately with a
double-click on the symbol or pressing the function key twice.)
A rest is entered just like a note. (Again, you can select dotted or triplet
rests just like notes too)
Copying a block
---------------
We can save ourselves a lot of time by copying bars and then editing the
notes which need changing. To do this, we must first mark a block by double-
click dragging. Click twice on the very first note of the score and hold the
mouse button down. The pointer will change into the 'block' symbol and a
dashed marquee box will appear. Still holding the mouse button down, drag
the box out until it covers the whole score. (Since the score is too long
for the screen, it will scroll automatically as you approach the edge of the
screen.) When you release the mouse button, the score will be reprinted with
a grey box showing exactly what has been selected. (if you release the
button too soon, you can alter the right hand end of the box quite simply by
double-click dragging with Adjust.)
Now we must place the cursor at the point where the copy is to go. This is
at the very end of the score.
Now all we have to do is press Ctrl-C. Alternatively, you can use the score
menu by choosing Block Copy Everything.
To change the notes that need changing, you can either delete the old notes
and insert new ones, or you can drag the old notes to their new positions.
Remember to use Ctrl-S if you want to change the stem of a note.
One final problem concerns the end of the score which looks a bit untidy.
Every piece of music should end with a special double barline which you can
find in the symbols window.
Select it and enter it at the very end of the score (ie after the last
barline). Now we no longer need the ordinary barline that the copy routine
put at the end of the score so we should delete it.
Entering notes from a MIDI keyboard
-----------------------------------
If you do not have a MIDI keyboard, you can skip this section. On the other
hand, if you do have a MIDI interface and a keyboard connected, you can
enter notes much more quickly.
To try it out, click on the Rhapsody icon on the icon bar to bring up a new
blank score. Put the cursor at the start of the score. Now choose Capture
Step time Auto tails from the main score menu. (The short cut for this is
Ctrl-@).
The cursor will turn orange. This indicates that you are now in what is
called Step capture mode. Any note that you play on the MIDI keyboard will
now be sounded and entered into the score immediately. The note's length is
determined by which note type is selected in the panel; the pitch is
determined by the note that you played. If notes do not appear in the score
when you play notes on the MIDI keyboard, check the MIDI connections between
the keyboard and the computer, check that your keyboard is set to output
MIDI information and check that your MIDI interface is set up correctly.
If notes appear in the score but no sound is heard, then (assuming that your
amplifier/speaker system is working) you need to one of two things. Either
switch your keyboard to LOCAL ON (see your MIDI keyboard manual for this),
or use Rhapsody's MIDI Thru facility. This can be found in Rhapsody's
iconbar menu.
Printing a score
----------------
If you would like a printed copy of your score, you must format it first;
that is to say, you must tell Rhapsody how large the page is and what scale
to print the score so that Rhapsody can work out where to put the ends of
the systems, that is, printed music's equivalent of the lines on a page.
Systems are often wider than one stave, and for large works can cover an
entire page. To do the formatting, choose Format Create... from the main
score menu. This will bring up a dialogue box with a lot of information
which you can ignore for now. Just click on the Create button in the bottom
right hand corner. A new window will open showing how your score will look
when it is printed. Open it out to have a look at it. There are a number of
ways in which you can alter and improve the appearance of a formatted score
but press on for now. Bring up the main score menu over this new window and
choose Score Print . This leads to another dialogue box with some more
options you can safely ignore. Click the Print button and away you go.
THE DEMO VERSION WILL ONLY PRINT THE FIRST PAGE OF A SCORE.
The Basics
==========
Loading Rhapsody
-----------------
Open the directory display containing the !RhapDemo icon and double-click on
it. The icon appears on the icon bar. Opening a blank score
Click Select or Adjust on the !Rhapsody icon on the icon bar. A score window
appears. This is referred to as a blank score, as it contains no symbols
except the default treble clef. In the absence of any other information,
Rhapsody will assume that the time signature is 4/4, the key signature is C
major and the tempo is 120 crotchets per minute.
You can have as many scores in memory at one time as you like, provided your
computer has enough to store them all. However, the number of views you can
have open at once is limited to about 30. If you need a new score and have
many Rhapsody windows open at once, close some of the existing windows. The
scores and views held in them will still be stored in memory, and you can
retrieve them using New view described below.
Quick scores
------------
Another way to create a new score is to follow New score on the icon bar
menu. This leads to a submenu of quick scores. Selecting any of these will
cause Rhapsody to create a new score of that kind. The quick scores supplied
with Rhapsody are just blank scores with several staves, corresponding to
various popular instrumentations. Opening a new score by clicking on the
icon bar is the same as choosing New score Blank.
Rhapsody keeps the quick scores in a directory inside the application. You
can edit these, or add new ones, according to your needs.
Loading an existing score
-------------------------
To load in a score, you can
drag its icon from a Filer window onto the icon bar icon - a new window
appears containing the score;
drag its icon from a Filer window onto a score window - the existing score
will be replaced by the new one. If the existing score contains unsaved work
you are asked whether you want to overwrite it.
Note that Rhapsody 4 has a significantly different file format from older
versions; a format which allows for much more flexibility. To reflect this,
Rhapsody 4 files have a different file type. In order to load scores created
using Rhapsody 1, 2 or 3, or Maestro files, you need to convert them into
Rhapsody 4 files using the utility "!R4convert". This is not supplied with
the demo version.
The menus
---------
Rhapsody has two menu trees. Clicking Menu over the iconbar icon opens the
iconbar menu:
This menu is used for options that affect the whole program.
Clicking Menu over a score window produces the main score menu:
This menu is used for options that affect a single score, or part of the
score. Some options affect only one stave, or one system. Clicking Menu over
a particular stave and system will produce a menu relating to that stave and
system, and to that score (and block within a score, since each score can
have one marked block inside it.)
In this manual, the score, stave, block and system that the menu affects will
be called the current score, etc., to distinguish them from the cursor
score, etc. The position of the cursor affects only those operations which
require a source and a destination. In that case, the destination is always
marked by the cursor.
Viewing a score
---------------
You can have several views of a score open at once. These views can be scaled
and scrolled independently of one another. They can also contain the score
formatted in different ways.
To open a new window onto a score held in memory, or to retrieve a score
whose window has been closed, follow New view from the iconbar menu, and
select the name of the score you want to view. This option opens the score
in the default, linear format - where the window is the length of the score
and the height of one system. This format cannot be printed.
To change the format which is displayed in the current score window,
without opening a new window, follow ViewáFormat from the main menu and
select the format required. You can always view the score in linear format.
Other formats must be created before you can view them.
To open a new window of the current score with a view of a different format,
follow View New view from the main menu and select the format required. The
original window stays open. Again, any formats other than the linear format
must be created before you can view them.
All views of a score are fully editable and changes made in one view will
automatically be reflected in all the other views open at the time.
Moving around a window
----------------------
Your scores may become quite large. With large scores it is useful to be
able to move around quickly and easily. You can move the view of a window
onto a score in two ways:
Using Select on the scroll bars to move the view horizontally or vertically,
or Adjust on the scroll bars to move it in all directions. This follows
standard RISC OS procedure.
Using the Go to option on the main menu.
The Go to menu
This contains various options regarding the position to move the display to.
None of these options move the cursor. To move the cursor to a new place far
away from the current displayed portion, you can bring up the main menu, use
the options on the Go to submenu to move the display, then click in the
window.
The options available on the Go to menu are:
Go to Start moves the display to the beginning of the score.
Go to Cursor moves the display to the position of the cursor, if the current
score holds the cursor; otherwise, this option is greyed out.
Go to Bar moves the display to a particular bar number.
Go to Letter moves the display to one of the rehearsal letters. You have to
place at least one rehearsal letter before you can use this option.
Go to End moves the display to the end of the score.
Scaling a window
---------------
When a window is first opened it shows a view of the score at a scale of
100%. It is useful to be able to change the scale of the window, whether to
enlarge it and check small details, or to reduce it and gain an overall view
of the score.
Scales above 100% show an enlarged view; below 100%, a reduced view.
Rhapsody can cope with scales as small as 10% or as large as 1,000%. When you
change the scale view in a window, the actual size of the score (as sent to a
printer or other device) is unchanged. All you change is the size displayed
on the screen.
Because the screen mode, the size of your monitor, and any horizontal and
vertical adjustments you have made to it all affect the displayed size and
proportions of a score, it is unlikely that viewing a format 'at 100%' will
correspond precisely to the size of the score when it is printed. If you
require an actual-size preview, you will need to work out yourself which
scale to tell Rhapsody to display at, based on the size of your monitor
screen, and the screen resolution you use for Rhapsody. To change the
scale at which a window displays a score, follow ViewáScale from the main
menu. This leads to a window:
You can change the scale by
Clicking on one of the preset-scale buttons, and then on the Scale button;
Typing a value into the writeable icon, and then clicking on the Scale button;
Using the bump icons to alter the scale, and then clicking on the Scale button.
Info boxes
----------
There are two Info boxes in Rhapsody:
Following Info from the iconbar menu opens a box giving information about
the program and the version number you are using.
Following Score Info from the main menu opens a box giving Information about
the current score.
Saving a score
--------------
Rhapsody allows you to save your work in two different ways: in its own,
Rhapsody 4 format, or as a MIDI file. Rhapsody files can be compressed before
saving using Acorn's 'Squash' utility. You do not need to load the squash
module separately to load and save Squashed files; Rhapsody will do it for
you.
There is also an "autosave" option, in which the computer saves your work
automatically after a period of time has passed since the last save.
SAVING IS NOT POSSIBLE FROM THE DEMO VERSION.
Rhapsody 4 files
----------------
Rhapsody 4 has a file type of its own which contains all the data relating
to a score. This includes all the different formatted versions of the score
which have been calculated, as well as all the objects in the score.
This format can only be loaded and saved by Rhapsody 4, as it is
significantly more flexible than that used by previous versions of Rhapsody.
You can convert your old Rhapsody 1, 2 or 3 files into the new format using
the application supplied with the full version; "!R4convert".
To save your work as a Rhapsody 4 file, follow Score Save from the main
menu. A Save box appears:
You can save your work by
Typing in a name for the score then dragging the file icon onto a Filer window;
Typing in a full path name in the writeable icon, and clicking on the OK button;
If there is already a full path name in the writeable icon, clicking on the
OK button will save the file under that name. Rhapsody puts the new path
name into the icon for you when you load a score, and when you save it by
dragging the icon into a Filer window.
This is useful to keep a score you have already saved up to date.
Selecting the option button 'Squashed' before saving using one of the above
three methods saves the file in compressed form. If you click on the OK
button when the writeable icon does not contain a full path name, Rhapsody
will ask you to be more specific.
MIDI files
----------
MIDI files differ from Rhapsody files in the way they handle music; they are
designed purely to cope with playing a score through a MIDI instrument. The
advantage of MIDI files is that they are extremely portable; they can be
loaded by most music and sequencing packages on a variety of platforms.
There are large quantities of MIDI files available over the Internet.
MIDI files always contain information about:
Notes, their absolute pitch and length
MIDI channels and voice changes
They may or may not contain information about:
Text and lyrics
Clefs, key signatures and time signatures
They never contain information about
Accidentals (sharps and flats)
Stem directions
Accents
Hairpins, slurs and phrase marks
Decorations (acciaccaturas, etc., accented notes, and trills; trills are
expanded during saving and will reload as long sequences of very short
notes)
Note styles
Repeat signs (like trills, repeats will be 'played out'when the score is
saved) The layout of a score
Saving your score as a MIDI file will cause the loss of any information in
the score which does not affect how it is played. When you reload the score.
Rhapsody will have to re-transcribe it from the MIDI information. This may
result in a very different score from the original, although it will still
play in a similar fashion.
To save a score as a MIDI file, follow Score Save MIDI from the main menu. A
Save box opens:
MIDI files come in two formats: 0 and 1. Format 0 is compatible with all
types of MIDI equipment and software but format 1 is preferred because it
preserves information about the staves. A piece of piano music written on
two staves but played on one channel will reload into Rhapsody on one stave
only when saved in format 0. When saved in format 1 and reloaded, it will
appear on two staves.
You can now save the file in the same manner as for a Rhapsody 4 file.
PMS files
---------
PMS files are text files which can be loaded into a professional music
typesetting program called PMS. This program is also available from
Clares'Micro Supplies.
To save a score as a PMS file, follow Score Save PMS from the main menu.
Autosave
--------
Autosaving allows you to save a score automatically at regular intervals.
This is useful in helping you keep the score on disc up to date. By default
Rhapsody will autosave any modified scores every 5 minutes, using a prompt
window:
When this window appears you can:
Save the score as from a normal Save box, by clicking on OK or dragging the
icon. You can also use this method to tell the computer to start autosaving
under a new file name, or to start using a compressed format.
Click on "Postpone" to delay autosaving for a further 2 minutes. After 2
minutes have elapsed the prompt window will reappear.
Click on "Ignore this score" to turn off autosaving for the current score only.
Click on "Turn off autosaving" to turn off autosaving completely.
You can only autosave files in Rhapsody 4 format.
Removing a score from memory
----------------------------
Closing a score window does not remove the score, or the format in that
window, from memory. You can retrieve it by opening a new view onto it, as
explained above. Closing all the windows relating to a particular score also
does not remove it from memory.
To remove a score from memory, follow Discard score from the iconbar menu,
and select the score you want to remove. Scores currently visible in windows
are marked with a tick; those which have been modified since they were last
saved, with a star. You are warned if the score you select has been
modified, and given the opportunity to save it before discarding it.
You can discard all the scores currently held in memory by selecting
DiscardáscoreáAlláscores. If there are any modified scores you are warned
that this action will remove them. If you want to save some at this point,
you need to Cancel the action and save them as normal, before selecting the
option again.
Quitting Rhapsody
-----------------
To exit Rhapsody4, select Quit from the iconbar menu. Rhapsody and all the
scores and formats held in memory are removed. If there are any scores which
have been modified since they were last saved, you are warned that this
action will remove them. If you want to save some at this point, you need to
Cancel the action and save them as normal before exiting.
It is good practice to quit all loaded applications before switching off your
computer. You can do this in RISC OS 3 either by quitting all applications
individually, or by choosing Shutdown from the Task Manager menu. Either of
these actions will give Rhapsody the opportunity to warn you about unsaved
work before exiting.