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-
-
- Network Working Group R. Austein
- INTERNET-DRAFT Epilogue Technology Corporation
- September 1993
-
-
- DNS Support for IDPR
- [draft-ietf-dns-idpr-01.txt]
-
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
- other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet
- Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a "working
- draft" or "work in progress." Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt
- listing contained in the internet-drafts Shadow Directories on
- nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net, nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or
- munnari.oz.au to learn the current status of any Internet Draft.
-
- This is a working document only, it should neither be cited nor
- quoted in any formal document.
-
- This document will expire before 25 March 1994.
-
- Distribution of this document is unlimited.
-
- Please send comments to the author.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- This note documents the support needed from the Domain Name System
- (DNS) by Inter-Domain Policy Routing (IDPR). The DNS changes are
- minor and can be deployed with minimal impact on the installed DNS
- community.
-
- When an IDPR Policy Gateway receives an IP packet, it needs to map
- the packet's IP address to an IDPR Administrative Domain (AD) in
- order to deliver the packet. The initial prototype implementation of
- IDPR used a configuration file to provide this mapping, but this is
- clearly unacceptable for a full-scale deployment of IDPR. As an
- existing, well understood, (relatively) low-overhead distributed
- database, the DNS is the obvious mechanism by which to distribute
-
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- these mappings.
-
- Due to an unfortunate collision in use of the term "domain" by both
- IDPR and the DNS, this note avoids unqualified use of the term
- "domain."
-
- 2. The AD RR type.
-
- We define one new DNS RR type, with symbolic name "AD" and numeric
- value xxx. This RR type is class-independent; the rest of this note
- discusses IN class AD RRs, with the understanding that the mechanism
- described here is not tied to IP addresses. The RDATA portion of an
- AD RR consists of two 32-bit integers, each representing an IDPR AD.
- The two fields are the "home" AD associated with the address, and the
- proxy AD associated with the address. An AD which is acting as its
- own proxy (the normal case) has the same value for these two fields.
-
- Class IN AD RRs appear in the IN-ADDR.ARPA portion of the DNS name
- space. These RRs are used to map from an IP address to an IDPR AD.
- We expect that it will be possible to make heavy use of "wildcard"
- DNS names here, since we expect that all the hosts on a given IP
- network (or subnetwork) are likely to belong to a single IDPR AD.
-
- For purposes of discussion, assume that Miskatonic University is in
- Administrative Domain 42, while Engulf & Devour, Inc., is in
- Administrative Domains 666 and 17; Engulf & Devour recently purchased
- Liver Donors Ltd., in order to use their Policy Gateway as a proxy
- for Engulf & Devour's corporate network. The following RRs might
- appear in the DNS:
-
- Loki.Miskatonic.EDU. IN A 1.1.1.5
- Thor.Miskatonic.EDU. IN A 1.1.1.6
- Liver-Donors.EaD.COM. IN A 2.2.2.7
- HQ.EaD.COM. IN A 3.3.3.8
-
- 5.1.1.1.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN PTR Loki.Miskatonic.EDU.
- 5.1.1.1.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN AD 42 42
- 6.1.1.1.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN PTR Thor.Miskatonic.EDU.
- 6.1.1.1.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN AD 42 42
- 7.2.2.2.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN PTR Liver-Donors.EaD.COM.
- 7.2.2.2.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN AD 666 666
- 8.3.3.3.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN PTR HQ.EaD.COM.
- 8.3.3.3.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN AD 17 666
-
- In this case the AD RRs for Miskatonic University could usefully be
- collapsed into a wildcard RR:
-
- *.1.1.1.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN AD 42 42
-
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- 3. Use of the AD RR type.
-
- In the initial deployment of of IDPR, we believe that only IDPR
- Policy Gateways will need to know about IDPR ADs. Thus, only Policy
- Gateways will need to obtain and use AD RRs. In the long run it may
- be beneficial for hosts to obtain this data as well, but it is not
- necessary that they do so in order for IDPR to work correctly.
-
- 4. Bootstrapping the Policy Gateways
-
- Since a Policy Gateway needs an AD before it can forward a packet,
- the AD associated with the IP addresses of each of the Policy
- Gateway's default DNS name servers needs to be part of the Policy
- Gateway's configuration. Ie, there is a bootstrapping problem here,
- because we can't use the DNS to obtain the ADs we need in order to
- talk to the DNS. Note that the Policy Gateway's default DNS name
- servers are not necessarily the root DNS name servers; indeed, clever
- use of centralized DNS caches by a community of Policy Gateways will
- help decrease the load IDPR will add to the existing DNS system.
- Ultimately, however, this question reduces to the question of how the
- Policy Gateways reach the DNS root servers.
-
- 5. Glue RRs
-
- Since in some cases the authoritative nameservers for a particular AD
- RR may be within the AD itself, it may be necessary to insert "glue"
- AD RRs into some zones in the IN-ADDR.ARPA tree. These fill the same
- role as the glue A RRs already in use to solve the analogous problem
- with finding the IP address of a name server.
-
- 6. Security Considerations
-
- Security considerations ane not discussed in this memo.
-
- 7. Acknowledgments
-
- Most of the ideas in this document were derived from email
- conversations with Martha Steenstrup and Robert Woodburn, without
- whose help the author would still be completely clueless about IDPR
- and its requirements.
-
- 8. References
-
- [1] Steenstrup, M., "An Architecture for Inter-Domain Policy
- Routing", RFC 1478, June 1993.
-
- [2] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", RFC
- 1034, November 1987.
-
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- [3] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
- specification", RFC 1035, November 1987.
-
- [4] Lottor, M., "Domain administrators operations guide", RFC 1033,
- November 1987.
-
- 9. Author's address:
-
- Rob Austein
- Epilogue Technology Corporation
- 268 Main Street, Suite 283
- North Reading, MA 01864
- USA
-
- Phone: +1-617-942-0915
- EMail: sra@epilogue.com
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