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draft-ietf-ipngwg-ipv6-over-ppp-02.txt
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Internet Engineering Task Force
INTERNET-DRAFT Dimitry Haskin
Expires January 1998 Ed Allen
<draft-ietf-ipngwg-ipv6-over-ppp-02.txt> Bay Networks, Inc.
July 1997
IP Version 6 over PPP
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft. Internet-Drafts are working
documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas,
and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months.
Internet-Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet-Drafts
as reference material or to cite them other than as a ``working
draft'' or ``work in progress.''
To learn the current status of any Internet-Draft, please check the
``1id-abstracts.txt'' listing contained in the Internet-Drafts Shadow
Directories on ftp.is.co.za (Africa), nic.nordu.net (Europe),
munnari.oz.au (Pacific Rim), ds.internic.net (US East Coast), or
ftp.isi.edu (US West Coast).
Abstract
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method of
encapsulating Network Layer protocol information over point-to-point
links. PPP also defines an extensible Link Control Protocol, and
proposes a family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing
and configuring different network-layer protocols.
This document defines the method for transmission of IP Version 6 [2]
packets over PPP links as well as the Network Control Protocol (NCP)
for establishing and configuring the IPv6 over PPP. It also specifies
the method of forming IPv6 link-local addresses on PPP links.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction .......................................... 3
1.1. Specification of Requirements ...................... 3
2. Sending IPv6 Datagrams ................................ 4
3. A PPP Network Control Protocol for IPv6 ............... 4
4. IPV6CP Configuration Options .......................... 5
4.1. Interface-Token ................................... 5
4.2. IPv6-Compression-Protocol.......................... 11
5. Stateless Autoconfiguration and Link-Local Addresses .. 12
6. IPV6CP Recommended Options ............................. 13
Security Considerations ....................................... 13
References .................................................... 13
Acknowledgments ............................................... 14
Authors' Addresses ............................................ 14
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1. Introduction
PPP has three main components:
1. A method for encapsulating datagrams over serial links.
2. A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for establishing, configuring, and
testing the data-link connection.
3. A family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing and
configuring different network-layer protocols.
In order to establish communications over a point-to-point link, each
end of the PPP link must first send LCP packets to configure and test
the data link. After the link has been established and optional
facilities have been negotiated as needed by the LCP, PPP must send
NCP packets to choose and configure one or more network-layer
protocols. Once each of the chosen network-layer protocols has been
configured, datagrams from each network-layer protocol can be sent
over the link.
In this document, the NCP for establishing and configuring the IPv6
over PPP is referred as the IPv6 Control Protocol (IPV6CP).
The link will remain configured for communications until explicit LCP
or NCP packets close the link down, or until some external event
occurs (power failure at the other end, carrier drop, etc.).
1.1. Specification of Requirements
In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements
of the specification. These words are often capitalized.
MUST This word, or the adjective "required", means that the
definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
MUST NOT This phrase means that the definition is an absolute
prohibition of the specification.
SHOULD This word, or the adjective "recommended", means that there
may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to
ignore this item, but the full implications must be
understood and carefully weighed before choosing
a different course.
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MAY This word, or the adjective "optional", means that this
item is one of an allowed set of alternatives. An
implementation which does not include this option MUST be
prepared to inter-operate with another implementation
which does include the option.
2. Sending IPv6 Datagrams
Before any IPv6 packets may be communicated, PPP MUST reach the
Network-Layer Protocol phase, and the IPv6 Control Protocol MUST reach
the Opened state.
Exactly one IPv6 packet is encapsulated in the Information field of
PPP Data Link Layer frames where the Protocol field indicates type hex
0057 (Internet Protocol Version 6).
The maximum length of an IPv6 packet transmitted over a PPP link is
the same as the maximum length of the Information field of a PPP data
link layer frame. PPP links supporting IPv6 MUST allow at least 576
octets in the information field of a data link layer frame.
3. A PPP Network Control Protocol for IPv6
The IPv6 Control Protocol (IPV6CP) is responsible for configuring,
enabling, and disabling the IPv6 protocol modules on both ends of the
point-to-point link. IPV6CP uses the same packet exchange mechanism
as the Link Control Protocol (LCP). IPV6CP packets may not be
exchanged until PPP has reached the Network-Layer Protocol phase.
IPV6CP packets received before this phase is reached should be
silently discarded.
The IPv6 Control Protocol is exactly the same as the Link Control
Protocol [1] with the following exceptions:
Data Link Layer Protocol Field
Exactly one IPV6CP packet is encapsulated in the Information
field of PPP Data Link Layer frames where the Protocol field
indicates type hex 8057 (IPv6 Control Protocol).
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Code field
Only Codes 1 through 7 (Configure-Request, Configure-Ack,
Configure-Nak, Configure-Reject, Terminate-Request, Terminate-
Ack and Code-Reject) are used. Other Codes should be treated
as unrecognized and should result in Code-Rejects.
Timeouts
IPV6CP packets may not be exchanged until PPP has reached the
Network-Layer Protocol phase. An implementation should be
prepared to wait for Authentication and Link Quality
Determination to finish before timing out waiting for a
Configure-Ack or other response. It is suggested that an
implementation give up only after user intervention or a
configurable amount of time.
Configuration Option Types
IPV6CP has a distinct set of Configuration Options, which are
defined below.
4. IPV6CP Configuration Options
IPV6CP Configuration Options allow negotiation of desirable IPv6
parameters. IPV6CP uses the same Configuration Option format defined
for LCP [1], with a separate set of Options. If a Configuration
Option is not included in a Configure-Request packet, the default
value for that Configuration Option is assumed.
Up-to-date values of the IPV6CP Option Type field are specified in the
most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [4]. Current values are assigned
as follows:
1 Interface-Token
2 IPv6-Compression-Protocol
4.1. Interface-Token
Description
This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate a unique 64-
bit interface token to be used for the address autoconfiguration [3]
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at the local end of the link (see section 5). The interface token
MUST be unique within the PPP link; i.e. upon completion of the
negotiation different Interface-Token values are to be selected for
the ends of the PPP link. The interface token MAY also be unique
over a broader scope.
Before this Configuration Option is requested, an implementation
chooses its tentative Interface-Token. The non-zero value of the
tentative Interface-Token SHOULD be chosen such that the value is
both unique to the link and, if possible, consistently reproducible
across initializations of the IPV6CP finite state machine
(administrative Close and reOpen, reboots, etc). The rationale for
preferring a consistently reproducible unique token to a completely
random token is to provide stability to global scope addresses that
can be formed from the interface token.
Assuming that interface token bits are numbered from 0 to 63 where
the most significant bit is the bit number 0, the bit number 6 is
the "u" bit (universal/local bit in IEEE EUI-64 [5] terminology)
which indicates whether or not the interface token is based on a
globally unique IEEE identifier (EUI-48 or EUI-64 [5]) (see the case
1 below). It is set to one (1) if a globally unique IEEE identifier
is used to derive the interface token, and it is set to zero (0)
otherwise.
The following are methods for choosing the tentative Interface Token
in the preference order:
1) If an IEEE global identifier (EUI-48 or EUI-64) is available
anywhere on the node, it should be used to construct the
tentative Interface-Token due to its uniqueness properties.
The only transformation from an EUI-64 identifier is to invert
the "u" bit (universal/local bit in IEEE EUI-64 terminology).
For example, for a globally unique EUI-64 identifier of the form:
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc0gcccccccc|cccccccceeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
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where "c" are the bits of the assigned company_id, "0" is the
value of the universal/local bit to indicate global scope, "g" is
group/individual bit, and "e" are the bits of the extension
identifier, the IPv6 interface token would be of the form:
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc1gcccccccc|cccccccceeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
The only change is inverting the value of the universal/local
bit.
In the case of a EUI-48 identifier, it is first converted to the
EUI-64 format by inserting two bytes, with hexadecimal values of
0xFF and 0xFE, in the middle of the 48 bit MAC (between the
company_id and extension-identifier portions of the EUI-48
value). For example, for a globally unique 48 bit EUI-48
identifier of the form:
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc0gcccccccc|cccccccceeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+
where "c" are the bits of the assigned company_id, "0" is the
value of the universal/local bit to indicate global scope, "g" is
group/individual bit, and "e" are the bits of the extension
identifier, the IPv6 interface token would be of the form:
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc1gcccccccc|cccccccc11111111|11111110eeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
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2) If an IEEE global identifier is not available a different source
of uniqueness should be used. Suggested sources of uniqueness
include link-layer addresses, machine serial numbers, et cetera.
In this case the "u" bit of the interface token MUST be set to
zero (0).
3) If a good source of uniqueness cannot be found, it is recommended
that a random number be generated. In this case the "u" bit of
the interface token MUST be set to zero (0).
Good sources [1] of uniqueness or randomness are required for the
Interface-Token negotiation to succeed. If neither a unique number
or a random number can be generated it is recommended that a zero
value be used for the Interface-Token transmitted in the Configure-
Request. In this case the PPP peer may provide a valid non-zero
Interface-Token in its response as described below. Note that if at
least one of the PPP peers is able to generate separate non-zero
numbers for itself and its peer, the token negotiation will succeed.
When a Configure-Request is received with the Interface-Token
Configuration Option and the receiving peer implements this option,
the received Interface-Token is compared with the Interface-Token of
the last Configure-Request sent to the peer. Depending on the
result of the comparison an implementation MUST respond in one of
the following ways:
If the two Interface-Tokens are different but the received
Interface-Token is zero, a Configure-Nak is sent with a non-zero
Interface-Token value suggested for use by the remote peer. Such a
suggested Interface-Token MUST be different from the Interface-
Token of the last Configure-Request sent to the peer. It is
recommended that the value suggested be consistently reproducible
across initializations of the IPV6CP finite state machine
(administrative Close and reOpen, reboots, etc). The "u"
universal/local) bit of the suggested token MUST be set to zero (0)
regardless of its source unless the globally unique EUI-48/EUI-64
derived token is provided for the exclusive use by the remote peer.
If the two Interface-Tokens are different and the received
Interface-Token is not zero, the Interface-Token MUST be
acknowledged, i.e. a Configure-Ack is sent with the requested
Interface-Token, meaning that the responding peer agrees with the
Interface-Token requested.
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If the two Interface-Tokens are equal and are not zero, a
Configure-Nak MUST be sent specifying a different non-zero
Interface-Token value suggested for use by the remote peer. It is
recommended that the value suggested be consistently reproducible
across initializations of the IPV6CP finite state machine
(administrative Close and reOpen, reboots, etc). The "u"
universal/local) bit of the suggested token MUST be set to zero (0)
regardless of its source unless the globally unique EUI-48/EUI-64
derived token is provided for the exclusive use by the remote peer.
If the two Interface-Tokens are equal to zero, the Interface-
Tokens negotiation MUST be terminated by transmitting the
Configure-Reject with the Interface-Token value set to zero. In this
case a unique Interface-Token can not be negotiated.
If a Configure-Request is received with the Interface-Token
Configuration Option and the receiving peer does not implement this
option, Configure-Rej is sent.
A new Configure-Request SHOULD NOT be sent to the peer until normal
processing would cause it to be sent (that is, until a Configure-Nak
is received or the Restart timer runs out).
A new Configure-Request MUST NOT contain the Interface-Token option
if a valid Interface-Token Configure-Reject is received.
Reception of a Configure-Nak with a suggested Interface-Token
different from that of the last Configure-Nak sent to the peer
indicates a unique Interface-Token. In this case a new Configure-
Request MUST be sent with the token value suggested in the last
Configure-Nak from the peer. But if the received Interface-Token is
equal to the one sent in the last Configure- Nak, a new Interface-
Token MUST be chosen. In this case, a new Configure-Request SHOULD
be sent with the new tentative Interface-Token. This sequence
(transmit Configure-Request, receive Configure-Request, transmit
Configure-Nak, receive Configure-Nak) might occur a few times, but
it is extremely unlikely to occur repeatedly. More likely, the
Interface-Tokens chosen at either end will quickly diverge,
terminating the sequence.
If negotiation of the Interface-Token is required, and the peer did
not provide the option in its Configure-Request, the option SHOULD
be appended to a Configure-Nak. The tentative value of the
Interface-Token given must be acceptable as the remote Interface-
Token; i.e. it should be different from the token value selected for
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the local end of the PPP link. The next Configure-Request from the
peer may include this option. If the next Configure-Request does
not include this option the peer MUST NOT send another Configure-Nak
with this option included. It should assume that the peer's
implementation does not support this option.
By default, an implementation SHOULD attempt to negotiate the
Interface-Token for its end of the PPP connection.
A summary of the Interface-Token Configuration Option format is shown
below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Interface-Token (MS Bytes)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Interface-Token (cont)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Interface-Token (LS Bytes) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type
1
Length
10
Interface-Token
The 64-bit Interface-Token which is very likely to be unique on
the link or zero if a good source of uniqueness can not be found.
Default Token Value
If no valid interface token can be successfully negotiated, no
default Interface-Token value should be assumed. The procedures
for recovering from such a case are unspecified. One approach is
to manually configure the interface token of the interface.
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4.2. IPv6-Compression-Protocol
Description
This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate the use of a
specific IPv6 packet compression protocol. The IPv6-Compression-
Protocol Configuration Option is used to indicate the ability to
receive compressed packets. Each end of the link must separately
request this option if bi-directional compression is desired. By
default, compression is not enabled.
IPv6 compression negotiated with this option is specific to IPv6
datagrams and is not to be confused with compression resulting from
negotiations via Compression Control Protocol (CCP), which
potentially effect all datagrams.
A summary of the IPv6-Compression-Protocol Configuration Option format
is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | IPv6-Compression-Protocol |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Data ...
+-+-+-+-+
Type
2
Length
>= 4
IPv6-Compression-Protocol
The IPv6-Compression-Protocol field is two octets and indicates
the compression protocol desired. Values for this field are
always the same as the PPP Data Link Layer Protocol field values
for that same compression protocol.
Up-to-date values of the IPv6-Compression-Protocol field are
specified in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [4].
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Current values are assigned as follows:
Value (in hex) Protocol
004f IPv6 Header Compression
Data
The Data field is zero or more octets and contains additional data
as determined by the particular compression protocol.
Default
No IPv6 compression protocol enabled.
5. Stateless Autoconfiguration and Link-Local Addresses
The interface token, which is used as the Interface ID of IPv6 unicast
addresses [6] of a PPP interface, SHOULD be negotiated in the IPV6CP
phase of the PPP connection setup (see section 4.1). If no valid
interface token has been successfully negotiated, procedures for
recovering from such a case are unspecified. One approach is to
manually configure the interface token of the interface.
As long as the interface token is negotiated in the IPV6CP phase of
the PPP connection setup, it is redundant to perform duplicate
address detection as a part of the IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration
protocol [3]. Therefore it is recommended that for PPP links with the
IPV6CP Interface-Token option enabled the default value of the
DupAddrDetectTransmits autoconfiguration variable [3] be zero.
Link-local addresses of PPP interfaces have the following format:
| 10 bits | 54 bits | 64 bits |
+----------+------------------------+-----------------------------+
|1111111010| 0 | Interface Token |
+----------+------------------------+-----------------------------+
The most significant 10 bits of the address is the Link-Local prefix
FE80::. 54 zero bits pad out the address between the Link-Local
prefix and the Interface Token fields.
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6. IPV6CP Recommended Options
The following Configurations Options are recommended:
Interface-Token
IPv6-Compression-Protocol
7. Security Considerations
The IPv6 Control Protocol extension to PPP can be used with all
defined PPP authentication and encryption mechanisms.
8. References
[1] Simpson, W., "The Point-to-Point Protocol", STD 51, RFC 1661,
July 1994.
[2] Deering, S., and R. Hinden, Editors, "Internet Protocol, Version
6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 1883, December 1995.
[3] Thomson, S., and T. Narten, "IPv6 Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration", RFC 1971, August 1996.
[4] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC 1700,
October 1994.
[5] IEEE, "Guidelines for 64-bit Global Identifier (EUI-64)
Registration Authority",
http://standards.ieee.org/db/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html,
March 1997.
[6] Hinden, R., and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture", Work in progress
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9. Acknowledgements
This document borrows from the Magic-Number LCP option and as such is
partially based on previous work done by the PPP working group.
10. Authors' Addresses
Dimitry Haskin
Bay Networks, Inc.
2 Federal Street
Billerica, MA 01821
email: dhaskin@baynetworks.com
Ed Allen
Bay Networks, Inc.
2 Federal Street
Billerica, MA 01821
email: eallen@baynetworks.com
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