nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/2014.05.nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov.tar/nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/aids/reportsetc/nlm_lc.txt

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                  JOINT COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT POLICY
                              STATEMENT
                                 OF

                   THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
                                 and
                       THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS


               ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
                              and the
                  HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
                          January 1993


                             INTRODUCTION


As a disease, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an
epidemic; as a social and political phenomenon, it has profoundly
influenced many aspects of contemporary life.  Since its
recognition in 1981, the AIDS epidemic "has been paralleled
closely by a rapidly expanding literature concerned with many
aspects of the disease."  "The dramatic growth in production of
AIDS information...has occurred across all sectors and in all
formats: monographs, serials, audiovisuals, databases, and
journal[s]."

The resulting profusion of published material is unique in the
biomedical literature because of an unprecedented, simultaneous
demand for information on the topic from the lay public and
health professionals, an unusual situation because the migration
of biomedical concepts from the primary scientific literature to
the popular press generally takes several years.

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the Library of
Congress (LC) assume a significant role in collecting library
materials sufficient to meet information needs on topics relating
to AIDS and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  In the case
of this extremely diverse and multifaceted literature, the
general mission and collecting responsibility of these two
national libraries cannot be mutually exclusive.

As the nation's library of record in biomedicine, NLM assumes
primary  collecting responsibility for the clinical and research
aspects of the AIDS/HIV literature.  NLM also assumes a primary
role in collecting and preserving the public health literature.
The collecting role of LC is primarily centered on the cultural,
psychological, economic, ethical, social, educational and legal
aspects of the AIDS/HIV phenomena.  LC selects materials to
provide a fully representative but non-specialized documentation
of the AIDS/HIV phenomenon as it unfolds, with a strong emphasis
on legislation and the legal literature related to AIDS/HIV as

well as complete statistical data to chronicle the incidence and
socio-economic profile of the AIDS/HIV epidemic.

                             PURPOSE

As the collecting emphasis of the two national collections
differs with respect to the AIDS/HIV literature, a clarification
of responsibility for the various components of the literature by
subtopic is  appropriate to ensure the efficient, cohesive and
comprehensive acquisition of materials while avoiding unnecessary
and expensive duplication of effort and materials.  NLM and LC
officials have reviewed their collection development policies
with the ultimate goal of facilitating access to AIDS/HIV
information for all users.  This statement is designed to outline
the collecting responsibilities of the two libraries and to
clarify the respective roles of LC and NLM in an area of intense
interest to health professionals, government officials and the
general public.

                              DEFINITION

Scope definitions for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the
human immunodeficiency virus in the context of the biomedical
literature are provided by MESH■, NLM's authoritative controlled
indexing and cataloging vocabulary: AIDS is defined as "an
acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and increased
susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant
neoplasms.  Clinical manifestations also include emaciation
(wasting) and dementia."  In 1985, the Centers for Disease
Control published a detailed and lengthy case definition of AIDS,
principally to be used as the guide for reporting the incidence
of various manifestations of human T-cell lymphoma virus (HTLV-
III, now known as the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV).  The
definition was revised in 1987 and continues to be used
principally for epidemiological purposes.  For the purposes of
this document, the social, cultural and legal aspects of the
disease are also considered as integral parts of an  AIDS/HIV
definition.

HIV is acknowledged to be the agent responsible for the acute
infectious manifestations, neurologic disorders, and immunologic
abnormalities linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
HIV infections include the spectrum of human immunodeficiency
virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity,
through AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS).

The literature of AIDS/HIV is substantial in itself and also has
important linkages to and relationships with the literatures of
many disciplines, among them epidemiology, ethics,  health care
delivery, immunology, law, oncology, physiology, pulmonary
medicine,  psychiatry, public health, religion, sociology and
virology.

  GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING COLLECTING OF AIDS/HIV MATERIALS

National Library of Medicine

NLM attempts to assemble a comprehensive collection of the
scholarly biomedical literature of AIDS/HIV.  NLM's particular
interest in AIDS/HIV literature includes materials dealing with
the clinical, research and public health aspects of the disease.
These materials are collected comprehensively.

Other substantive AIDS/HIV related literature, including media
and print materials which chronicle associated health related
developments or trends, are typically produced as narratives or
commentaries rather than in traditional scientific style.  These
materials are collected broadly as well.

Public health issues and crises such as the AIDS/HIV epidemic
often engender a large body of literature, not completely
biomedical in content or specifically addressed to the health
professional.  NLM collects selectively such materials
emphasizing those which  characterize diverse viewpoints,
chronicle the public health response of health professionals and
policymakers, or document information about AIDS/HIV disseminated
to patients and society at large.  NLM's collecting focus is on
works endorsed by health care associations, important patient
advocacy groups, and other influential organizations.  Materials
limited to civil rights, political issues, religion, criminal
behavior and related non-medical concerns are generally excluded
from the NLM collection.

Library of Congress

LC will endeavor to acquire materials in all media which
contribute to a knowledge of the cultural, ethical,
psychological, legal, religious, social, economic, historical,
and political aspects of AIDS/HIV, but generally will not acquire
works relating to the actual practice of medicine and AIDS/HIV
issues addressed primarily to professional practitioners or to
the biomedical research community.  LC will also collect
materials on AIDS/HIV as they relate to research in the
biological sciences as a whole, to be covered with the same level
of inclusiveness as works in these fields are broadly covered to
support general research.  LC will collect medical materials to
the level prescribed for medical literature established by LC
acquisitions policy.

More particularly, LC will attempt to collect comprehensively in
the field of legislation and other governmental documentation
related to AIDS/HIV, in the United States at both national and
sub-national levels, and for foreign legislation, in accordance
with established acquisitions policies.

LC will endeavor also to collect a broadly representative
sampling of all types of materials and formats that document the
impact of AIDS/HIV on the public imagination, as reflected in
literary, dramatic and artistic production as well as historical
and sociological studies.  General canons of selection for
materials in these fields shall apply.  LC, however, gives
special attention to the collecting of graphic and moving image
materials.


                    THE VISUAL RECORD OF AIDS/HIV

National Library of Medicine

Audiovisuals

NLM collects audiovisual materials less broadly than print
formats.  Materials are considered for selection if the
information is considerably enhanced by audiovisual presentation.

NLM's collecting interest in AIDS/HIV related audiovisuals is on
those produced for use by health professionals or those that are
of potential interest to historians of the health sciences.
Especially important to the NLM collection are works which
document innovations, procedures, attitudes, issues or policies
concerning or affecting health care and biomedical science as
well as those which document significant events or the life and
work of individuals important in AIDS/HIV research and treatment.

Audiovisuals of historical interest may include those on AIDS/HIV
related topics produced for a broad audience.

Generally only audiovisuals in standard U.S. formats are
collected, though other formats may be selected if necessary for
the historical collection.  Audiovisuals in foreign languages,
including those produced in the U.S., and audiovisuals produced
outside the U.S., even in English, are collected only when they
contain unique information and are of special historical
importance.

Prints and Photographs

NLM selects for its Prints and Photographs Collection the
following types of materials related to AIDS/HIV:  [1] portraits
of physicians and health professionals who figure prominently in
the chronicle of the AIDS/HIV crisis; [2] photographs
illustrating the care of AIDS and other HIV patients in
hospitals, hospices, and other health care settings; and [3] fine
prints characterized by a strong medically related AIDS/HIV
theme.  These categories are augmented with a comprehensive
collection of visual material which appears in the clinical and
research literature, e.g., photographs of viruses, disease
manifestations, health care facilities, etc.



Posters

NLM seeks to identify and acquire public health outreach posters
which deal specifically with AIDS/HIV as a public health issue.
Themes of interest include AIDS/HIV prevention, safe sex and
announcements of related conferences and meetings. Collecting
emphasis is on posters issued by professional health associations
and medical or public health organizations. Foreign language
posters and items from all over the world are collected in an
attempt to document as completely as possible the present global,
massive health education effort aimed at controlling the
epidemic.

Library of Congress

Audiovisuals

LC maintains an audiovisual collection which deals broadly with
the sociological and political aspects of AIDS/HIV.  It is
assembled with a view to its potential as a record of how the
media, especially television, have dealt with AIDS/HIV.  This
coverage has an extremely wide range, from educational films and
broadcast documentaries to television dramas.  Additionally, LC
endeavors to maintain major network news coverage about AIDS/HIV
on an ongoing basis.

LC does not, however, collect audiovisual materials of a strictly
medical diagnostic or therapeutic nature.  This material, usually
received through Copyright deposit, is offered to the NLM in
accordance with standing procedures for the transfer of materials
not selected for the LC collections.

LC also endeavors to acquire for the recorded sound collection a
representative coverage of audio material on AIDS/HIV, obtained
primarily from the National Public Radio programs that are
deposited at LC.  LC aims to collect audio materials at the
higher end of the instructional level, with a substantial portion
being obtained through Copyright deposit.  The Motion Picture,
Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division serves as the custodial
unit for the above-mentioned materials in LC.

Photography and the Graphic Arts

Visual materials related directly to medical practice and public
health are normally offered to NLM in accordance with standing
procedures.  Documenting the impact of disease on society and
societal reaction to disease, however, falls within the scope of
the established LC collection policies.  The Prints and
Photographs Division of LC endeavors to acquire a wide selection
of photographic materials depicting events of national political,
historical, or cultural impact on American life and history in
support of its research collections in other formats.

Artistic response to AIDS/HIV in the late twentieth century,
which has hastened the erosion of boundaries between documentary
tradition and fine arts practice, is extremely varied in its
imagery and format.  From depictions of specific physical effects
of the infection to broad metaphorical images of the epidemic,
the variety in artistic response to the disease has expanded as
rapidly as print information.  To provide visual documentation of
the AIDS/HIV crisis, LC collects a broad sample of artistic
representations, selecting materials to express the range of
societal issues (e.g., economic, political, cultural, gender-
related, etc.) emerging with the spread of the disease.
Materials are acquired selectively, yet broadly enough to support
future research on the political and social aspects of AIDS/HIV
and the visual vocabulary developed in response to the disease.

Photographic acquisitions include the work of representative
contemporary photographers, whose subject matter ranges from
documentation of living conditions of people with AIDS/HIV
through the emotional impact of the disease to symbolic
representations of the virus and its effects.  Posters are
collected with an emphasis on original, activist, socio-political
images and themes by important graphic artists and related
studios and may include a sampling of public health outreach
posters issued by health professional associations and medical
and public health institutions (in contrast to the comprehensive
approach to collecting public health posters related to AIDS/HIV
at NLM).  Fine prints, cartoon drawings, and other graphic
materials representative of the creative response to the epidemic
also are selected for LC's collections on AIDS/HIV to support
existing research level collections in other formats.

The Prints and Photographs Division serves as the LC custodial
unit for the above-mentioned materials.


                    COLLECTING LEVELS AT NLM AND LC

National Library of Medicine

NLM's concept of comprehensive collecting is compatible with the
Comprehensive level as defined by the Research Libraries Group
(RLG).

"Comprehensive Level:  A collection in which a library
endeavors, so far as reasonably possible, to include all
significant works of recorded knowledge (publications,
manuscripts, other forms) in all applicable languages, for a
necessarily defined and limited field.  This level of
collecting intensity is one that maintains a "special
collection"; the aim, if not the achievement, is
exhaustiveness.  Older material is retained for historical
research."

The scope of the NLM collection, encompassing as it does all of
biomedicine, is significantly broader that is generally
understood for the "special collection" referred to in the RLG
definition.

NLM recognizes that while it is possible to assemble a collection
which addresses all topics in biomedicine, it is impossible even
for a national library to gather a complete, worldwide collection
of all biomedical materials in all formats.


Library of Congress

LC employs collecting level definitions developed by the Research
Libraries Group (RLG) and later adopted by the Association for
Research Libraries has been used.  The RLG definitions for
collecting levels used by LC are as follows:

     Comprehensive Level: A collection in which a library
     endeavors, so far as is reasonably possible, to include all
     significant works of recorded knowledge (publications,
     manuscripts, and other forms), in all applicable languages,
     for a necessarily defined and limited field.  This level of
     collecting intensity is one that maintains a "special
     collection"; the aim, if not the achievement, is
     exhaustiveness.  Older material is retained for historical
     research.

     Research Level: A collection that includes the major
     published source materials required for dissertations and
     independent research, including.  Materials containing
     research reporting, new findings, scientific experimental
     results and other information useful to researchers.  It is

     intended to include all important reference works and a wide
     selection of specialized monographs, as well as a very
     extensive collection of journals and major indexing and
     abstracting services in the field.  Older material is
     retained for historical research.   A sampling of special
     format materials (such as graphic and moving images) are
     collected that complement print materials.

     Instructional Support Level:  A collection that is
     adequate to support undergraduate and MOST graduate
     instruction, or sustained independent study; that is,
     adequate to maintain knowledge of a subject required for
     limited or generalized purposes, of less than research
     intensity.  It includes a wide range of basic monographs,
     complete collections of the works of more important writers,
     selections from the works of secondary writers, a selection
     of representative journals and the reference tools and
     fundamental bibliographical apparatus pertaining to the
     subject.  Basic Information Level:  A collection of up-to-
     date general materials that serves to introduce and define a
     subject to indicate the varieties of information elsewhere.
     It may include dictionaries, encyclopedias, selected
     textbooks, surveys, histories, directories, bibliographies,
     handbooks and a few major periodicals, in the minimum number
     that will serve the purpose.  A basic information collection
     is not sufficiently intensive to support any courses or
     independent study in the area involved.

     Out of Scope: The library does not collect in this area.
     This summary of collection development policies for
     AIDS/HIVliterature serves as a statement of national
     collection level responsibilities and as a user resource
     guide.  The  complete collection development policies of the
     Libraries should be consulted for additional information.                 AIDS/HIV COLLECTING LEVELS


The literature of AIDS/HIV can be divided into four broad
categories:

      1. AIDS/HIV in Society;
      2. Epidemiology of AIDS and HIV;
      3. Patient Care Information and Education;
      4. Research, Management and Treatment.

Collecting levels are stated as comp. (Comprehensive), research,
instruct.
(Instructional Support) basic (Basic Information) and O/S (Out of
Scope).

AIDS/HIV in Society*

             TOPIC                             NLM      LC


Arts and humanities                            O/S      RESEARCH

Economic issues
  Medical insurance                            COMP     RESEARCH
Health care cost                               COMP.    RESEARCH
Employment                                     O/S      RESEARCH


Legal issues
  Civil rights                                 O/S      RESEARCH
Criminal law                                   O/S      RESEARCH
Health legislation                             COMP.**  COMP.


Political issues
  Health policy                                COMP.    RESEARCH
Social policy                                  O/S      COMP.


Religious issues
  Dogma, church policy and philosophy          O/S      RESEARCH
Effect of religious belief on health           COMP.    RESEARCH
  and health seeking behavior

*Note: NLM generally does not collect materials in the Social
       Sciences or the Humanities unless these materials have
       direct relevance to biomedicine.

**Note:  NLM's focus is on U.S. legislation at the federal level.
Epidemiology of AIDS and HIV

             TOPIC                             NLM        LC

Epidemiology in discrete populations           COMP.    BASIC
(i.e., broad categories defined by
    age, sex, ethnicity or geography)

Epidemiology of high risk groups               COMP.    RESEARCH

 (Including health care givers, family and
    sexual partners of HIV positive individuals,
    intravenous drug users, transfused patients,
    etc.)

Statistical works                              COMP.    COMP.
(Including morbidity, mortality, frequency
    and distribution of AIDS/HIV)


Preventive Medicine, Health Education and Patient Care
  Information*

             TOPIC                             NLM        LC

Preventive medicine, public health strategies  COMP.    RESEARCH

Health education materials                     *        INSTRUCT.
Patient Instruction                            *        INSTRUCT.

*Note:                                         NLM's primary
                                               collecting
                                               interest lies in
                                               the professional
                                               and scholarly
                                               biomedical
                                               literature, but
                                               examples of
                                               biomedical work
                                               which typify or
                                               characterize
                                               health information
                                               available to the
                                               lay public
                                               including students
                                               may also be
                                               collected.








Research, Management and Treatment

             TOPIC                             NLM        LC

Diagnosis, management and treatment            COMP.    O/S


Ethics in health care                          COMP.    INSTRUCT.


             TOPIC                             NLM        LC

Research investigations and observations       COMP.    INSTRUCT.


Intervention and treatment modalities          COMP.    O/S
(e.g., pharmaceutical and vaccine
   development, immunoreceptor research,
   genetic intervention techniques, probe
   development, etc.)


Medical therapies
  (Including alternative therapies)            COMP.    INSTRUCT.


Health services and health care delivery       COMP.    INSTRUCT.

  systems focused on the AIDS/HIV patient
   (e.g., services of health care providers -
    nurses, physicians, care partners, etc.
    in various settings - home care, hospices,
    clinics, hospitals, extended care
    facilities, etc.)


Physiological aspects                          COMP.    INSTRUCT.

  (Including etiology, pathogenesis and
    presentation of HIV infections and AIDS;
    functional disorders, opportunistic
    infections etc.)

Psychological issues                           COMP.    RESEARCH

 (Including psychopathologies,
    bereavement, death & dying, family
    dynamics and the AIDS/HIV patient)


Research models and methodology                COMP.    INSTRUCT.

 (Including animal and in vitro studies,
   case studies, clinical trials)

Virology                                       COMP.    INSTRUCT.

 (Including the study of retroviruses,
   immunodeficiency viruses, immunoreceptors,
   vaccine research and development)
   1.   Self PB, Filardo TW, and Lancaster FW.  Acquired
     immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the epidemic growth of
     its literature.  SCIENTOMETRICS 1989;17(1/2):49.

2.   Ginn DS, and Stevens RA. AIDS: CONCEPTS AND RESOURCES (CE453
     Syllabus). Chicago: Medical Library Association, 1989. p.23

3.   MESH VOCABULARY FILE [database online].  Bethesda (MD):
     National Library of Medicine; 1992 [cited 1993 jan 26].
     Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; unique identifier:
     D000163.

4.   THE CASE DEFINITION OF AIDS USED BY THE CDC FOR NATIONAL
     REPORTING (CDC-Reportable AIDS). Atlanta, GA:Centers for
     Disease Control,l 1985. (Document no. 0312S).

5.   Centers for Disease Control. Revision of the CDC
     Surveillance Case Definition for Acquired Immunodeficiency
     Syndrome.  MMWR 1987;36(suppl no.1S).