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-
- INTERNATIONAL ROUTING DESIGNATORS
-
- Lew Jenkins, N6VV
- David B. Toth, M.D., VE3GYQ
- H. N. "Hank" Oredson, W0RLI
-
- c/o Dr. D. B. Toth
- 499 Bobbybrook Drive
- London, Ontario, Canada
- N5X 1G8
-
- It has become obvious by now that the work-horse of our so-called
- packet network is the venerable BBS program. In fact, some will argue
- that it has been too successful. Every time that a band-aid is needed
- to "fix" the network, it is applied through the various BBS programs.
- It is probably fair to say that the maintenance of the forwarding
- tables is a drudgery that most sysops could do without. This point also
- under-scores a serious problem faced by all networks: ROUTING.
-
- With the introduction of W0RLI V7.00 and support for Hierarchical
- routing designators, we have an opportunity to improve traffic routing
- particularly for international traffic. Since N6VV is at the present
- time responsible for traffic to Asia and the Pacific, and occasionally
- Europe and Africa, he has implemented some Hierarchical routing
- designators which will assist him in international routing.
-
- Using this structure mail can now be addressed :
-
- JA1ABC @ JA1KSO.JPN.AS
- or
- VK4AHD @ AX4BBS.AUS.AU
-
- Starting today you can begin using Continental and Country designators
- for international traffic destined for Asia and the Pacific. A forward
- file may be set up to support the following codes:
-
- ** Continental Designators **
-
- NA - North America
- SA - South America
- EU - Europe
- AS - Asia
- AF - Africa
- AU - Australia
-
- ** Country Designators **
-
- For country codes there is a generally accepted international standard
- for abreviations. These are used in international electronic message
- standards such as ANSI X.12 and EDIFACT. They are published by the
- International Standards Organization and known formally as ISO
- 3166-1981(E/F).
-
- --------------------------- CUT HERE ---------------------------------
-
- Country codes (abbreviated list to show common country codes):
-
- Argentina ARG Japan JPN
- Australia AUS Korea,North PRK
- Austria AUT Korea,South KOR
- Belgium BEL Lebanon LBN
- Bermuda BMU Liechtenstein LIE
- Bolivia BOL Luxembourg LUX
- Brazil BRA Malaysia MYS
- Brunei BRN Mexico MEX
- Bulgaria BGR Monaco MCO
- Canada CAN Morocco MAR
- Chile CHL Netherlands NLD
- China CHN New Zealand NZL
- Colombia COL Nicaragua NIC
- Costa Rica CRI Norway NOR
- Cuba CUB Pakistan PAK
- Denmark DNK Panama PAN
- Dominican Republic DOM Paraguay PRY
- Ecuador ECU Peru PER
- Egypt EGY Phillipines PHL
- El Salvador SLV Poland POL
- Finland FIN Portugal PRT
- France FRA Romania ROM
- French Polynesia PYF Saudi Arabia SAU
- German Demo. Rep. DDR Singapore SGP
- Germany, Federal Rep DEU South Africa ZAF
- Greece GRC Spain ESP
- Greenland GRL Sweden SWE
- Guatemala GTM Switzerland CHE
- Haiti HTI Syria SYR
- Honduras HND Taiwan TWN
- Hong Kong HKG Thailand THA
- Hungary HUN Turkey TUR
- Iceland ISL United Kingdom GBR
- India IND United States USA
- Indonesia IDN Uruguay URY
- Ireland IRL USSR SUN
- Israel ISR Venezuela VEN
- Italy ITA Yugoslavia YUG
-
- State and province codes shall be the recognized two-character code
- established by the American and Canadian Post Offices. These may also
- be found in the Callbook listings.
-
- It is after we get down to the state/province/county level where the
- trouble may begin. To understand why, we must examine how the BBS code
- goes about matching things in the route. The first principle is that
- it attempts to find a match between the items in its forward file and
- the left-most item in the address field. As an example, say that we
- send something to W0RLI @ W0RLI.CA.USA.NA, and that the only entries
-
- --------------------- CUT HERE -------------------------------------
-
- that we have in the forward file are for CA. That match would be
- sufficient to allow the message to be forwarded. If W0RLI were found,
- that entry would take precedence (because it is more left in the field
- than CA) and would of course also ensure delivery. The best way to
- look at it is "W0RLI AT W0RLI which is in CA which is in USA which is
- in NA". So far so good.
-
- But the Japanese network wants to use area routing numbers. For
- example, JA1ABC @ JA1KSO.42.JPN.AS ... and everyone says, "So what,
- let them!" Of course, that is very mature of all of us, but the trouble
- is that the 42 in that string may also match wild-card ZIP codes that
- some folks keep in their forward file, such as 42*. The solution we
- propose is to use an agreed upon key character for designators below
- the state and province level, and we recommend the octothorpe, "#".
-
- So now the above address would be JA1ABC @ JA1KSO.#42.JPN.AS .
- Other examples could be:
-
- 1) W0RLI @ W0RLI.#SFO.#NORCA.CA.USA.NA - W0RLI within SFO (San
- Francisco) within North California, etc.
-
- 2) VE3BTZ @ VE3GYQ.#LONDN.#SONT.ON.CAN.NA - VE3BTZ at VE3GYQ in
- London, in Southern Ontario, in Ontario, etc.
-
- There is another added benefit to this scheme. It involves Gatewaying
- between the BBS world and other networks, such as TCP/IP via SMTP.
- Much of the pioneer work in setting up the gatewaying protocols has
- been done by NN2Z, N3EUA, and PA0GRI, amongst others. The W0RLI BBS
- package allows for the forwarding of mail between the BBS world and
- the SMTP world. Of note is the fact that the WA7MBL package has allowed
- such message exporting and importing for some time now. This means that
- we can take advantage of the the TCP/IP host-names and their domain or
- hierarchal format for forwarding. Thus it is possible to send mail from
- the BBS to VE3BTZ as ve3btz@pc.ve3btz.ampr.org or from SMTP to
- w0rli@w0rli.ca.usa.na and not have any ambiguity.
-
- We expect that WA7MBL will also be implementing hierarchal routing in
- the near future. This system is still compatable with older style
- systems, as a system that handles hierarchal forwarding identifies
- with the H feature letter: [RLI-8.00-CH$]. If it does not get an
- appropriate response, it uses the left-most item in the "@ BBS" string
- as the "@ BBS" for the message.
-
- The authors hope that this paper will serve as a starting place for
- improved message routing by means of implicit routing. Low-level (VHF)
- BBSs need only maintain state or province or country codes for distant
- BBSs, and route such traffic to their nearest HF Gateway. In turn, the
- HF station routes it to the desired state, where the receiving Gateway
- station would have a detailed list of the BBSs it serves.
-
- Correspondence may be addressed to the address given at the start of
- this paper, or to VE3GYQ @ VE3GYQ.ON.CAN.NA or N6VV @ N6VV.CA.USA.NA .
-