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- Terms & Conventions
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-
- This is a list of a few terms and conventions used in WAVmaker's Help system.
- If you know what you're looking for, use the Find command (Alt-F)!
-
- First of all, some conventions:
-
- ■ Left and Right pointed brackets, < and >, are used to enclose symbols
- representing some piece of data. For instance, if you are told to use
- the option "/w <start>:<end>", you are not supposed to reproduce that
- line verbatim, but rather to replace <start> and <end> with actual
- values (in this case window start time and window end time). A valid
- line would be e.g. "/w 0:314".
-
- ■ Square brackets, [ and ], enclose OPTIONAL text, i.e. text which may
- be left out at your discretion. Left and Right pointed brackets within
- square brackets, as in "/c <CD L>[:<CD R>]", have the usual meaning
- (see above), i.e. they enclose symbols representing some piece of data.
- Valid lines corresponding to the above template would be "/c 0" and
- "/c 0:100". On the other hand, "/c 0:" would not be valid: optional
- entries must be supplied in their entirety, or not at all. Optional
- entries within optional entries are denoted by square brackets within
- square brackets, as in "[<effect> [<effect options>]]", which allows
- you to supply nothing, <effect> only, or <effect> <effect options>.
-
- ■ Vertical bars, |, are sometimes used to separate mutually exclusive
- alternatives. They are not meant to be reproduced on the actual command
- line.
-
- ■ Data pairs (":"): Some data, like window start and end times, naturally
- comes in pairs. Such data is entered in the format "<start>:<end>". The
- colon is really there: a valid entry corresponding to the above template
- would be "0:100".
-
- ■ Function key title:value pairs: when reading about Function keys, you
- will often see references to title:value pairs. These are LOGICAL pairs,
- i.e. there is always a title associated with a value, but actual storage
- in private and public Function key files {FnKeys} is in a different
- format, with title and value appearing on separate (contiguos) lines.
-
- ■ Samples: the word "sample" usually means "individual data word", as
- distinct from "sample file" (a file made up of samples). When counting
- samples, as in sampling rates, the count is PER SOUND CHANNEL. A stereo
- file sampled at 44100 Hz actually contains 88200 samples for each second's
- worth of data.
-
- ■ Filename extensions are always referred to WITHOUT a leading period (i.e.
- "WAV", not ".WAV").
-
- ■ Directories are always referred to with a trailing backslash, \, in order
- to avoid confusion with e.g. extensions (i.e. "WAV\", not "WAV"). Unless
- otherwise stated, this is also true when supplying WAVmaker applications
- with directory names. WAVmaker's home directory (where you find WM.BAT) is
- the origin of all relative directory references. Apart from WM.BAT, all
- of WAVmaker's executables are in the EXE\ subdirectory, so the full
- relative path is usually not written out when discussing programs (i.e.
- "WMCP", not "EXE\WMCP"). Note however that some bundled freeware conversion
- utilities are kept in the Conv\ subdirectory.
-
- Now for some terms:
-
- ■ WAVmaker: WAVmaker is not ONE program. It's a package (or, if you prefer
- another term, a system) of many programs designed to work together. Many
- of them - essentially all command-line driven programs - can also be run
- in standalone mode, either from the command line or in BAT files (the
- second alternative is very convenient when performing slow, repetitive
- and/or complicated operations). The terms "WAVmaker" and "WM" are used
- interchangeably.
-
- ■ MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface. This started out as a hardware
- oriented standard for connecting sequencers (back in the days when those
- were not programs running on PCs but actual, dedicated hardware boxes),
- synthesizers and sound modules made by different manufacturers, allowing
- them to exchange note on/off and controller information. For the
- historically minded, the first public demonstration took place at the 1983
- North American Music Manufacter's convention in Los Angeles, where two
- synthesizers made by different companies were shown being played in unison
- from either keyboard. The heart of the standard is a 31.25 kBaud serial
- interface, using common 5-pin DIN connectors and cables, and a data format
- for the description of note and controller events. Various additions made
- after 1983 include the MIDI Sample Dump Standard (SDS), for the exchange of
- digital audio data, and Standard MIDI files, for the exchange of music
- sequences via disk files (see below).
-
- ■ Standard MIDI files: see {WMMID}.
-
- ■ General MIDI (GM): A set of specifications for sound generating devices
- covering such things as the minimum number of simultaneous voices, MIDI
- events which should be recognized and supported, and - most important! -
- which sounds to assign to MIDI program numbers (the GM Instrument Map).
- GM also includes a Percussion Key Map, derived from the Roland/Sequential
- mapping used on early drum machines, which assigns percussion sounds to
- note numbers.
-
- ■ GS: A fairly compatible superset of General MIDI used by Roland equipment,
- including the popular Sound Canvas modules and cards. Adds some sound
- effect (chorus, reverb) control and drum kit program number conventions
- (GM does not support multiple drum kits), and allows variations for each
- basic GM program (instrument). Not supported by WAVmaker, except for the
- adaptation of Sound Canvas drum kit program numbers {MIDscan 55}.
-
- ■ WAV: Sample file format. See {WMWAV}.
-
- ■ Sound Blaster: a popular line of PC sound cards made by Creative Labs.
- Fully supported by WAVmaker. See {SBnotes}.
-
- ■ DSP: Digital Signal Processing. See the individual entries under the DSPa,
- DSPf and DSPt menus.
-
- ■ DFT: the default filename extension for compressed sound files created
- with WM DFTtoWAV {DFTtoWAV}. Can be decompressed to playable WAV files
- using WM WAV2DFT {WAV2DFT} (preferred) or WM WAVtoDFT {WAVtoDFT}.
-
- ■ PRG: the default filename extension for instrument files (patches) used
- by WM MIDtoLST {MIDtoLST}. Created and maintained with WM PRGed {PRGed}.
-