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Text File | 1990-04-06 | 42.6 KB | 1,146 lines

#! /bin/sh # This is a shell archive. Remove anything before this line, then unpack # it by saving it into a file and typing "sh file". To overwrite existing # files, type "sh file -c". You can also feed this as standard input via # unshar, or by typing "sh <file", e.g.. If this archive is complete, you # will see the following message at the end: # "End of archive 30 (of 32)." # Contents: doc/as.texi.ab PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb ; export PATH if test -f 'doc/as.texi.ab' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'doc/as.texi.ab'\" else echo shar: Extracting \"'doc/as.texi.ab'\" $41161 characters$ sed "s/^X//" >'doc/as.texi.ab' <<'END_OF_FILE' X the file is searched for an entry X corresponding to that mnemonic: the entry X specifies the RA DEC Scale and Title. X-v float float Variable finder: labels stars with their X magnitudes if they are within X arg2 mags. of arg1 X-x float float [float float] X grid: grid in RA and DEC, X spacing arg1 and arg2, origin at arg3 arg4 X-e string Extra: chart control file. X-u --none-- User input. Allow keyboard-based user input X-a string Additional Argument string: X passed to driver for additional control. X@end ifinfo X X@node Control and specification files, Interaction, Command line, Charts X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection Control and Specification Files X@cindex starrc X@cindex mapwin X XThe controlling variables of the chart are set by default at compile Xtime, and many may be overridden by command line arguments. However, Xmore control is afforded by @samp{.starrc} and @samp{-e @var{extra}} Xfiles. The starchart programs attempt to read an initialization file, Xwhose name is set at compile time (default @file{./.starrc}). XAdditional such files may be read through the @samp{-e} commandline Xargument. The file contains lines of the form @samp{@var{variable} X@var{value}} or @samp{@var{variable}=@var{value}}, with comments Xbeginning with @samp{#} ignored. The variables and their values are Xgiven below. These definitions reset the values of program variables, Xoverriding their current value. These may in turn be overridden by Xlater command line arguments or additional @samp{.starrc} files Xspecified with @samp{-e}. Any variables not understood by the main Xprogram are passed to a driver specific function which may interpret it. X X@tex X{ X\settabs 4 \columns X\+Variable & Value type(s) & comment \cr X\+ra & float & \# same as -r \cr X\+dec & float & \# same as -d \cr X\+scale & float & \# same as -s \cr X\+title & string & \# same as -t \cr X\+findconst & string & \# same as first argument of -c \cr X\+constfile & string & \# same as second argument of -c \cr X\+namelim & float & \# same as -l \cr X\+lbllim & float & \# same as -l \cr X\+maglim & float & \# same as -m \cr X\+gklim & float & \# same as -g \cr X\+starfile & string & \# same as -y \cr X\+indexfile & string & \# same as -h \cr X\+nebfile & string & \# same as -n \cr X\+planetfile & string & \# same as -w \cr X\+userfile & string & \# same as -f \cr X\+mapfile & string string& \# set mapfile array in main routines: \cr X\+& & \# sets elements in order \cr X\+& & \# overrides previous settings \cr X\+& & \# overrides default yale.star, etc. \cr X\+& & \# second arg is type of file \cr X\+& & \# as specified in index.indx \cr X\+boundfile & string & \# sets file for ``boundaries'' layer \cr X\+patternfile & string & \# sets file for ``patterns'' layer \cr X\+constlnamefile & string & \# sets file for ``constlnames'' layer \cr X\+layers & string & \# same as all\_layer: \cr X\+all\_layer & string & \# sets array of layers in main routines: \cr X\+& & \# sets elements in order \cr X\+& & \# overrides previous settings \cr X\+& & \# possible values : \cr X\+& & \# ``outline'' ``ra\_grid'' ``dec\_grid'' \cr X\+& & \# ``ecliptic'' ``boundaries'' ``patterns'' \cr X\+& & \# ``constlnames'' ``allfiles'' ``allglyphs'' \cr X\+& & \# ``allnames'' ``allmaglbls'' ``allvectors'' \cr X\+& & \# ``allareas'' ``legends'' \cr X\+polarmode & logical & \# same as -p if logical is nonzero or is TRUE \cr X\+bigflag & logical & \# same as -b if logical is nonzero or is TRUE \cr X\+projection\_mode & string & \# set projection mode:\cr X\+& & \# may be ``sansons'', ``stereographic'',\cr X\+& & \# ``orthographic'', ``gnomonic'' \cr X\+& & \# or ``rectangular'' \cr X\+invert & logical & \# same as -i if logical is nonzero or is TRUE \cr X\+precess\_to & float & \# Precess to equinox and ecliptic of year.\cr X\+chart\_type & string & \# set chart type: ``fullpage'' or ``threepart'' \cr X\+& & \# ``threepart'' is default: Large window, \cr X\+& & \# thumbnail, and legend \cr X\+& & \# ``fullpage'' is same as -b flag \cr X\+vrange & float float & \# same as -v \cr X\+vmags & float float & \# set magnitude labeling maximum \cr X\+& & \# and minimum magnitudes \cr X\+grid & float float [float float] & \# same as -x \cr X\+nogrid & logical & \# turn off display of all grids \cr X\+nogrid\_ra & logical & \# turn off display of RA grid \cr X\+nogrid\_dec & logical & \# turn off display of DEC grid \cr X\+nomaglbls & logical & \# turn off display of magnitude labels \cr X\+drivercontrol & string & \# same as -a flag \cr X\+driver\_control & string & \# same as -a flag \cr X\+additional & string & \# same as -a flag \cr X X\+For interactive control, the following commands are also active:\cr X X\+exit & --none-- & \# Exit the program\cr X\+quit & --none-- & \# Exit the program\cr X\+end\_input & --none-- & \# End input, display chart\cr X\+done\_input & --none-- & \# End input, display chart\cr X\+done & --none-- & \# End input, display chart\cr X\+draw & --none-- & \# End input, display chart\cr X\+help & --none-- & \# Give help\cr X\+? & --none-- & \# Give help\cr X\+show & --none-- & \# Show value of variables\cr X\+write\_rc\_file & string & \# Write current state to .starrc file\cr X\+write\_mapwin\_file & string & \# Write detailed specification of\cr X\+&& \# chart to given filename\cr X\+read\_mapwin\_file & string & \# Read detailed specification of\cr X\+&& \# chart from given filename\cr X} X@end tex X@ifinfo X@comment .nf .br , .fi XVariable Value type(s) comment Xra float # same as -r Xdec float # same as -d Xscale float # same as -s Xtitle string # same as -t Xfindconst string # same as first argument of -c Xconstfile string # same as second argument of -c Xnamelim float # same as -l Xlbllim float # same as -l Xmaglim float # same as -m Xgklim float # same as -g Xstarfile string # same as -y Xindexfile string # same as -h Xnebfile string # same as -n Xplanetfile string # same as -w Xuserfile string # same as -f Xmapfile string string # set mapfile array in main routines: X # sets elements in order X # overrides previous settings X # overrides default yale.star, etc. X # second arg is type of file X # as specified in index.indx Xboundfile string # sets file for "boundaries" layer Xpatternfile string # sets file for "patterns" layer Xconstlnamefile string # sets file for "constlnames" layer Xlayers string # same as all_layer: Xall_layer string # sets array of layers in main routines: X # sets elements in order X # overrides previous settings X # possible values : X # "outline" "ra_grid" "dec_grid" "ecliptic" X # "boundaries" "patterns" "constlnames" X # "allfiles" "allglyphs" "allnames" X # "allmaglbls" "allvectors" "allareas" X # "legends" Xpolarmode logical # same as -p if logical is nonzero or is TRUE Xbigflag logical # same as -b if logical is nonzero or is TRUE Xprojection_mode string # set projection mode X # may be "sansons", "stereographic" X # "orthographic", "gnomonic" X # or "rectangular" Xinvert logical # same as -i if logical is nonzero or is TRUE Xprecess_to float # Precess to equinox and ecliptic of year. Xchart_type string # set chart type: "fullpage" or "threepart" X # "threepart" is default: Large window, X # thumbnail, and legend X # "fullpage" is same as -b flag Xvrange float float # same as -v Xvmags float float # set magnitude labeling maximum X # and minimum magnitudes Xgrid float float [float float] X # same as -x Xnogrid logical # turn off display of all grids Xnogrid_ra logical # turn off display of RA grid Xnogrid_dec logical # turn off display of DEC grid Xnomaglbls logical # turn off display of magnitude labels Xdrivercontrol string # same as -a flag Xdriver_control string # same as -a flag Xadditional string # same as -a flag X XFor interactive control, the following commands are also active: X Xexit --none-- # Exit the program Xquit --none-- # Exit the program Xend_input --none-- # End input, display chart Xdone_input --none-- # End input, display chart Xdone --none-- # End input, display chart Xdraw --none-- # End input, display chart Xhelp --none-- # Give help X? --none-- # Give help Xshow --none-- # Show value of variables Xwrite_rc_file string # Write current state to .starrc file Xwrite_mapwin_file string # Write detailed specification of X # chart to given filename Xread_mapwin_file string # Read detailed specification of X # chart from given filename X@end ifinfo X X@node Interaction, Standard data files, Control and specification files, User controls X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection Interactive Controls X@cindex starchart interactive X@cindex interactive starchart X XThe @samp{-u} option activates interactive mode, where the same commands Xas in the @samp{.starrc} file may be typed to control the program Xoptions. In addition, @samp{end_input} ends interactive input and draws Xthe chart. After the chart is drawn, control returns to the keyboard. XThe @samp{quit} command exits the program. The command @samp{show} Xshows the current state of the control variables. The command X@samp{help} may be used to get a brief description of the commands and Xcontrols available. X XSome, especially window based, versions will allow the user final Xcontrol over each map of the chart. The chart is specified by an Xarray of large @b{C} structures, one for each map on the page. The X@samp{mapwin} file contains the values in this structure. Advanced Xinteractive versions of starchart, such as @code{starXaw}, allow the Xcomponents of the structures to be edited individually, providing full Xaccess to the flexible controls of the program. X XThe sequence of control of the program is: X X1) read the @file{./.starrc} file. X X2) process the command line: options are processed in order, later Xarguments may override earlier arguments, additional @samp{.starrc} Xformat files are read as they are encountered in @samp{-e} options. XHowever, if the file specified in the @samp{-e} option is in @samp{mapwin} Xformat, it is read later. After the command line is processed, if the X@samp{-u} option is active, keyboard interaction is performed. Next, Xany @samp{mapwin} format files are read. If there is more interaction Xavailable (e.g. as in @code{starXaw}), the details of the chart may now be Xcontrolled. If a @samp{mapwin} file is to be written, it is written now. XThen the chart is drawn to specification. Finally, after the chart is Xdrawn, the program returns to the first interaction (i.e. returns to Xthe point after the command line has been processed). X XOne more form of interaction is available on some systems: A mouse or Xother pointing device may be used to either select points on a map and Xthe coordinates of that point are displayed, or the databases may be Xsearched for objects near the selected point and the database entries Xfor the objects found are displayed. X X@node Standard data files, Particular versions, User controls, Charts X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@section Standard Data Files X XAll are in equinox 2000.0 coordinates, and should also be in epoch X2000.0. X X@table @file X@itemx yale.star Xstellar information (mandatory) X X@itemx neb.star Xnebulae (optional) X X@itemx planet.star Xplanets (optional) X X@itemx boundaries.star Xconstellation boundaries (optional) X X@itemx cnames.star Xconstellation names (optional) X X@itemx patterns.star Xconstellation patterns (optional) X X@itemx index.indx Xindex file for additional star files (optional) X X@itemx con.locs Xdefault mnemonic locations X X@end table X X@node Particular versions, Writing a new version, Standard data files, Charts X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@section Particular Starchart Programs X XSome starchart programs have coadditional driver-specific controls Xwhich are accessed throught the @samp{-a} command line option, or the X@samp{additional} (= @samp{driver_control}) variable. X XThese programs and other versions of starchart with special needs are Xdocumented in this section. X X@menu X* starX11:: X* starXaw:: X* starpost:: X* startool:: X@end menu X X@node starX11, starXaw, Particular versions, Particular versions X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection @code{starX11} X@pindex starX11 X X@code{starX11} is the X11 version of starchart. It has the following Xspecial arguments which are accessed through @samp{-a}, e.g.@* X@samp{-a p}. X X@table @samp X@itemx p XPostScript preview: use screen size and shape to approximate coverage of X@code{starpost} chart. @refill X@itemx l XPostScript landscape preview: use screen size and shape to approximate Xcoverage of @code{starpost} landscape format chart. @refill X@itemx h Xhide: display is generated invisibly, which may save time. @refill X@itemx b Xbackup: use backup pixmap, allows window to be hidden and redrawn. @refill X@itemx m Xmonochrome: prevents use of color on displays otherwise capable of it. @refill X@end table X XUsage example:@* X@samp{starX11 -c ori -g 5 -a p}. X X@node starXaw, starpost, starX11, Particular versions X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection @code{starXaw} X@pindex starXaw X X@code{starXaw} is the X11 version of starchart with interactive control Xusing Athena Widgets. In addition to the controls for @code{starX11}, Xit has the following special arguments which are accessed through X@samp{-a}, e.g. @* X@samp{-a "t -geometry -0-0"}. X X@table @samp X@itemx t X" toolkit_args" for access to the standard X toolkit controls, such as Xfor geometry, fonts, etc. @refill X@end table X XUsage example:@* X@samp{starXaw -c sgr -a p -a "t -geometry -0-0 -bg red"}. X X@node starpost, startool, starXaw, Particular versions X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection @code{starpost} X@pindex starpost X@pindex postconv.awk X X@code{starpost} is the PostScript version of starchart. It has the Xfollowing special arguments which are accessed through @samp{-a}, e.g.@* X@samp{-a "m9 8 7 6 5 4 3.5 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5"}. @refill X X@table @samp X@itemx n Xnotebook: The chart is shifted to the right on the page, and the X``thumbnail'' map is replaced with prompts and space for recording Xobserving conditions. The rest of the argument string is taken to be a Xlist of floating point numbers separated by `:' or ` '. These are taken Xto be the radii in degrees of fields of view of the instrument or Xfinder. Circles with these radii are drawn, centered on the center of Xthe chart. @refill X@itemx m Xmagnitude: 0.1 magnitude quanta are to be used (the default is 1.0 Xmagnitude, e.g. a 4.6 magnitude star is represented by the same symbol Xas a star of magnitude 5.4). The rest of the argument string is taken Xto be a list of floating point numbers separated by `:' or ` '. These Xare taken to be the radii of the symbols for stars of magnitude -1, 0, X1, 2, 3 etc. The sizes of symbols for stars with magnitudes between Xthese magnitudes are determined by linear interpolation. Note that the Xlast value given is the value assigned to all magnitudes fainter than Xthat magnitude. Current default sizes are "9 8 7 6 5 4 3.25 2.5 2 1.5 1 X0.5". @refill X@itemx s Xsize: this argument provides an alternative way of specifying Xmagnitude symbol sizes, using a formula proposed by Andrew Young in XSky and Telescope, March 1990, p. 311, D = D0 * 10^(k*(v0 - v)). XHe proposes a k of between 0.07 and 0.16, with 0.11 as probably the Xbest. If @samp{s} uses 0.1 magnitude quanta as does @samp{m}. The Xdefault values for @var{D0}, @var{v0}, and @var{k} are 0.5 (points), Xthe limiting magnitude of the first main map, and 0.11, respectively. XThese may be altered with the optional arguments to @samp{s}, which set X@var{D0}, @var{v0} and @var{k} in that order, e.g. @samp{s 0.7 6.6} sets X@var{D0} to 0.7 point, and @var{v0} to magnitude 6.6 so that a magnitude X6.6 star will be printed as 0.7 point in diameter, and @var{k} will Xremain 0.11. @samp{s 0.7 6.6 0.07} will set @var{D0} and @var{v0} as Xabove, and also set @var{k} to 0.07. @refill X@itemx f X@samp{f @var{file}} may be used to specify an output file, otherwise the XPostScript produced is sent to the standard output. @refill X@itemx c Xmay be used to produce color postscript output. @refill X@itemx l Xmay be used to specify landscape mode (as opposed to the default Xportrait orientation). Landscape mode can only used with a Xfullpage map. @refill X@end table X XSince the resolution of PostScript is much higher than other common Xdevices, @samp{mapwin} files must be edited when transferred between Xstarpost and other drivers. The controls for window @samp{width}, X@samp{height}, @samp{x_offset} and @samp{y_offset} must be changed. @refill X XThe @samp{-a p} or @samp{-a l} option used with @code{starX11} or X@code{starXaw} can be used to produce a @samp{mapwin} file which can be Xconverted for use in @code{starpost} through an @code{awk} script named X@code{postconv.awk}, provided with the source to this program. @refill X XUsage example:@* X@samp{starpost -a "n 6:1.5:.5" -a "m9 8 7 6 5 4 3.5 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5" -a "f orion.PS" -c ori -g 5}. X X@node startool, Writing a new version, starpost, Particular versions X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection @code{startool} X@pindex startool X@pindex starsunv X X@code{startool} uses the @code{tooltool} program, not included in the Xstarchart distribution, to provide an interface to @code{starsunv}. X@code{ttooltool} is available from your local Sun sources archive. X X@node Writing a new version, Data files, Particular versions, Charts X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@section Writing a New Version for a New Device X@subsection Organization X XThere are several layers of functions in starchart. The top level is in X@file{starmain.c}, @file{starm2.c}, and @file{readfile.c}. It is (I Xhope) general enough to enable any additions to be made by users in the Xform of modified drivers, leaving these files stable. @file{starmain.c} Xand @file{starm2.c} are in charge of the user interface and file Xreading, with @file{readfile.c}. Generally, this top level controls X@emph{what} is to be drawn, and @emph{where} it appears. The device Xspecific section controls @emph{how} it appears. X@refill X XInformation is passed to the drivers via externs and function Xparameters. The externs are for runtime values, the function parameters Xare for values taken from the data files. Information is passed from Xthe driver to the starchart.c routines via externs. X XThere are three layers of functions, in several source files. The top Xlevel functions are in @file{starmain.c} and @file{starm2.c}. You Xshould not have to change anything in this file, except perhaps #defines Xfor default file names and file types, and these may also be set in the XMakefile. X XThe @file{starcust.c} file contains customizing functions, including functions Xto define additional command line flags, which may apply to several Xdrivers. X XThe @file{starXXXX.c} or @file{starimages.c} + @file{starXXXX.c} files Xdefine the more device dependent functions. There is one function, Xcalled @samp{drawobj}, which is the interface between the top level Xfunctions and the device for drawing the stars, planets, and other Xobjects read from a database file. In addition, standard functions to Xopen and close the device, draw a line, move without drawing, etc. are Xrequired. These may then call the lowest level device dependent Xfunctions. The @file{starimages.c} file provides a standard definition Xfor @code{drawobj} and supporting functions for bitmapped devices; the Xdevice dependent code remaining (e.g. line drawing), is in the file X@file{starXXXX.c}. X XUser input functions also may be defined in @file{starXXXX.c}. X XThe layer currently being drawn and/or the subroutine currently active Xis passed to the driver in an extern. This allows the driver to for Xexample draw vectors differently for the constellation boundaries. XAdditionally, each window has a map type field which is for efficiency Xalso passed as an extern, which may be used by the driver to for example Xdraw certain layers differently in certain windows. X XThe source to other drivers, especially @code{starXaw} and X@code{starpost}, should be a valuable reference to developing new Xdrivers. X X@subsection Customization X XFor the drivers distributed, there are many @samp{#defines} and global Xvariables whose values may be altered to suit your tastes and your Xparticular piece of hardware. Default file names are @samp{#defined} in Xthe code, and may also be set in the Makefile. X XIt is easy to write a driver for other devices, based on the drivers and Xthe driver skeleton provided. X XMore extensive customization is possible through modifying the driver Xfunctions to take fullest advantage of the device you are using. It is Xalso possible to add controls accessed through the @samp{-a} command Xline option and the @samp{additional} (= @samp{driver_control}) variables. X XPlease try to send me (ccount) a note before writing any new drivers, so XI can let you know if a driver for that device is in the works. Any Ximprovements to drivers should be sent to me or the author (if they are Xnot the same), when you're sure they work and are happy with the Xchanges. X XThings you define in @file{starcust.c}, if you think they are generally Xuseful, should be sent to me. If possible, they may be incorporated in Xfuture releases. X XImprovements to top level routines should be made with great caution. XSuch changes will make it harder for you to use future refinements. If Xyou're sure you're change (a) works and (b) is better/stronger/faster, Xplease send it to me. X XDo report any bugs/problems. X X@node Data files, Support programs, Charts, Top X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@chapter The Data Files and Their Formats X@cindex Data files X@cindex starchart data formats X XThis section discusses file formats used by the programs. X X@menu X* Contents:: The data contained in a data file X* File formats:: Formats for data files X@end menu X X@node Contents, File formats, Data files, Data files X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@section Contents of Data Files X XEach line of file contains: X@table @var X@itemx ra, dec, mag XRequired. Right ascension, Declination, and magnitude (V or visual). 6 Xchars for RA, one for sign of DEC, 4 for DEC, 3 for mag. @refill X X@itemx object type XDefines what the object is: star, galaxy, cluster, nebula, planet, Xother, unknown, vector, area, comment, or invisible, with subtypes for Xeach (Two chars). Defaults to type star subtype single. @refill X X@itemx spectral class or color XDefines the color of the object, as spectral class for stars or directly Xfor other objects (Two chars). @refill X X@itemx letter or flamsteed number or size XDefines either the Bayer letter or Flamsteed number of a star, or the Xsize of an extended object encoded in two chars. @refill X X@itemx constellation XThe constellation field contains the IAU designation of the Xconstellation the object is in (three chars). @refill X X@itemx name XName or other labeling string. Terminated by comma. @refill X X@itemx comment field XRemainder of line after the comma which terminates the name. This Xcomment field may be used for special information about the object, e.g. Xthe phase of the moon. @refill X@end table X XMagnitude is encoded into three fields as follows: the first character Xmay be a @samp{-}, in which case the next two characters are the magnitude Xtimes 10, e.g. @samp{-16} means @samp{-1.6}. The first character is a digit, Xthe three characters are the magnitude times 100, e.g. @samp{563} means X@samp{5.63}. Finally, if the first character is a capital letter, this is Xtaken as the base-36 value of the integral part of the magnitude, and Xthe remaining two characters are the fractional part times 100, e.g. X@samp{B34} means @samp{11.34}. X XThe Bayer letter or Flamsteed numbers are applicable only to stars. The Xfield is two characters wide. Greek letters are a single lowercase Xletter followed by a space or a number, encoded as in the PostScript XSymbol font: X@tex X{ X\settabs 4 \columns X\+$\alpha$ - a & $\beta$ - b & $\gamma$ - g & $\delta$ - d \cr X\+$\varepsilon$ - e & $\zeta$ - z & $\eta$ - h & $\theta$ - q \cr X\+$\iota$ - i & $\kappa$ - k & $\lambda$ - l & $\mu$ - m \cr X\+$\nu$ - n & $\xi$ - x & $o$ - o & $\pi$ - p \cr X\+$\rho$ - r & $\sigma$ - s & $\tau$ - t & $\upsilon$ - u \cr X\+$\phi$ - f & $\chi$ - c & $\psi$ - y & $\omega$ - w \cr X} X@end tex X@ifinfo X@comment .nf .br , .fi Xalpha - a beta - b gamma - g delta - d Xepsilon - e zeta - z eta - h theta - q Xiota - i kappa - k lambda - l mu - m Xnu - n xi - x omicron - o pi - p Xrho - r sigma - s tau - t upsilon - u Xphi - f chi - c psi - y omega - w X@end ifinfo X X@iftex X@tex XNote that $\theta$, $\xi$, $\phi$, $\chi$, and $\psi$ have changed from X@end tex Xthe original definitions, which were @@, E, 0, x, and % respectively. X@tex XNote also that the variant version of phi, $\varphi$, is mapped to j. X@end tex X@end iftex X@ifinfo XNote that theta, xi, phi, chi, and psi have changed from the original Xdefinitions, which were @@, E, 0, x, and % respectively. Note also that Xa variant version of phi is mapped to j. X@end ifinfo X XAn uppercase letter followed by any character or two non-numeric Xcharacters is the roman letter designation for the star, e.g. @samp{CY}. XTwo numbers or a space and a number is the Flamsteed number of the star. X XThe size of nonstellar objects is encoded in seconds of arc in the size Xfield to two significant digits. The second character is always a Xdecimal digit. Sizes from 0 to 99 arc seconds are encoded as two Xdecimal digits. For larger objects the first character is a capital Xletter, interpreted as follows, with the second character as the next Xdigit: X@tex X{ X\settabs 6 \columns X\+First character && Value \cr X\+0 - 9 && 00 - 90 \cr X\+A - I && 100 - 900 \cr X\+J - R && 1000 - 9000 \cr X\+S - Z && 10000 - 80000 \cr X} X@end tex X@ifinfo XFirst character Value X0 - 9 00 - 90 XA - I 100 - 900 XJ - R 1000 - 9000 XS - Z 10000 - 80000 X@end ifinfo X XExamples: X@tex X{ X\settabs 10 \columns X\+Size field & Value \cr X\+ 6 & 6 \cr X\+09 & 9 \cr X\+73 & 73 \cr X\+A0 & 100 \cr X\+C3 & 330 \cr X\+D5 & 450 \cr X\+I6 & 960 \cr X\+J2 & 1200 \cr X\+R3 & 9300 \cr X\+S6 & 16000 \cr X\+Z0 & 80000 \cr X\+Z9 & 89000 \cr X} X@end tex X@ifinfo X@comment .nf .br , .fi XSize field Value X 6 6 X09 9 X73 73 XA0 100 XC3 330 XD5 450 XI6 960 XJ2 1200 XR3 9300 XS6 16000 XZ0 80000 XZ9 89000 X@end ifinfo X XThe types and subtypes implemented are: X@tex X{ X\settabs 4 \columns X\+Type[0]xxxxx & Main typexxxxx & Type[1]xxxxx & Subtype \cr X\+Type[0] & main type & type[1] & subtype \cr X\+C & cluster \cr X\+&& G & globular \cr X\+&& O & open \cr X\+&& (other) & other \cr X\+G & galaxy \cr X\+&& a & spiral Sa \cr X\+&& b & spiral Sb \cr X\+&& c & spiral Sc \cr X\+&& d & spiral Sd \cr X\+&& p & spiral Sp \cr X\+&& Z & spiral S0 \cr X\+&& s & spiral unspecified \cr X\+&& A & barred spiral SBa \cr X\+&& B & barred spiral SBb \cr X\+&& C & barred spiral SBc \cr X\+&& D & barred spiral SBd \cr X\+&& P & barred spiral SBp \cr X\+&& S & barred spiral unspecified \cr X\+&& 0-7 & elliptical E0-E7 \cr X\+&& E & elliptical \cr X\+&& I & irregular I \cr X\+&& Q & quasar \cr X\+&& U & unknown \cr X\+&& ! & peculiar \cr X\+&& & unspecified \cr X\+&& (other) & other \cr X\+N & nebula \cr X\+&& D & diffuse \cr X\+&& P & planetary \cr X\+&& (other) & other \cr X X\+P & planet \cr X\+&& M & Mercury \cr X\+&& V & Venus \cr X\+&& m & Mars \cr X\+&& J & Jupiter \cr X\+&& s & Saturn \cr X\+&& U & Uranus \cr X\+&& N & Neptune \cr X\+&& P & Pluto \cr X\+&& A & Asteroid \cr X\+&& C & Comet \cr X\+&& S & Sun (Sol)\cr X\+&& L & Moon (Luna)\cr X\+&& (other) & other \cr X X\+S & star \cr X\+&& S & single \cr X\+&& D & double \cr X\+&& V & variable \cr X X\+O & other \cr X\+&& (any) & other object \cr X X\+U & unknown \cr X\+&& (any) & unknown object \cr X X\+V & vector \cr X\+&& M & moveto (begin, no line drawn)\cr X\+&& S & solid lineto via great circle\cr X\+&& D & dotted lineto via great circle\cr X\+&& H & hyphened (dashed) lineto g. c.\cr X X\+&& m & moveto linear\cr X\+&& s & solid lineto linear\cr X\+&& d & dotted lineto linear\cr X\+&& h & hyphened lineto linear\cr X X\+I & invisible \cr X\+&& (any) & for labels \cr X X\+\# & data comment \cr X\+&& (any) & for comment in file \cr X X\+A & area \cr X\+&& M & moveto (begin)\cr X\+&& A & add great circle border segment\cr X\+&& F & fill region and end region \cr X\+&& m & moveto (begin) \cr X\+&& a & add linear border segment \cr X\+&& f & fill region and end region \cr X} X@end tex X@ifinfo X@comment .nf .br , .fi XType[0] main type type[1] subtype XC cluster X G globular X O open X (other) other X XG galaxy X a spiral Sa X b spiral Sb X c spiral Sc X d spiral Sd X p spiral Sp X Z spiral S0 X s spiral unspecified X A barred spiral SBa X B barred spiral SBb X C barred spiral SBc X D barred spiral SBd X P barred spiral SBp X S barred spiral unspecified X 0-7 elliptical E0-E7 X E elliptical X I irregular I X Q quasar X U unknown X ! peculiar X unspecified X (other) other X XN nebula X D diffuse X P planetary X (other) other X XP planet X M Mercury X V Venus X m Mars X J Jupiter X s Saturn X U Uranus X N Neptune X P Pluto X A Asteroid X C Comet X S Sun (Sol) X L Moon (Luna) X (other) other X XS star X S single X D double X V variable X XO other X (any) other object X XU unknown X (any) unknown object X XV vector X M moveto (begin, no line drawn) X S solid lineto via great circle X D dotted lineto via great circle X H hyphened (dashed) lineto g. c. X m moveto linear X s solid lineto linear X d dotted lineto linear X h hyphened lineto linear X XI invisible X (any) for labels X X# data comment X (any) for comment in file X XA area X M moveto (begin) X A add great circle border segment X F fill region and end region X m moveto (begin) X a add linear border segment X f fill region and end region X@end ifinfo X XThe magnitude of an object determines what information is displayed. XThree magnitude limits are defined for each file in each map window. If Xthe magnitude is greater (dimmer) than the first limit, nothing is Xdrawn. If the object is brighter than a second limit, the label (Bayer Xor Flamsteed) is printed (if present). If it is brighter than the third Xlimit, the name is printed (if present; if not, the label is printed if Xpresent). These text strings generally appear to the right of the Xobject, but the driver can change this. Note: the label string only Xapplies to stars. X XFor nonstellar objects, the label field defines the size of the object Xin arc seconds. X XFor magnitudes within a range defined for the mapwindow, a magnitude Xtag, the magnitude to one decimal place as in variable star and asteroid Xfinding charts, may be displayed. This will generally be below and to Xthe right of the object, but this is controlled by the driver. X XThe symbol drawn for the object is determined by the type field. X XFor devices supporting color, the spectral class or color field defines Xthe color of the object, and perhaps the associated text. The spectral Xclass of stars is mapped to display color, and for other objects, this Xfield may contain direct color specifications, e.g. 'r3' for an object Xcolored red level 3. All this is controlled by the device driver. XStandards for color definitions are yet to be defined. X XThe constellation field is not currently used in the display. X XThe comment field is also not generally used, but some drivers may use Xit to contain special information such as the phase of the moon or Xposition angle of a comet's tail. X X@node File formats, Support programs, Contents, Data files X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@section Data file formats X@cindex starchart data file formats X X@menu X* lineread:: yale.star or lineread format X* sif:: starchart interchange format X* binary:: binary formats X* index:: index meta-format X@end menu X X@node lineread, sif, File formats, File formats X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection @samp{lineread} X XThis text format, called @dfn{lineread}, is the original data file format. XData for each object is on a single line, stored in character fields. XCurrently, an older variant is also supported, one which has 4 Xcharacters for the magnitude and omits the color and letter/number Xfields. Both of these formats are designated as type @dfn{lineread}, Xsince each line is read individually and these two types are easily Xdistinguished on a line by line basis. In all formats, if a value is Xunknown, it should be spaces, or a null string in the case of the name Xand comment fields. The RA, DEC and mag. must always be provided for an Xobject. X XSince it is a text format, it may be mailed safely and be used on many Xdifferent computer architectures without change. However, it is slow, Xand uses more file space than it ought. X X X@node sif, binary, lineread, File formats X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection @samp{sif}: Starchart Interchange Format X XThe @dfn{sif} format was introduced to allow data to be exchanged as text, Xwith greater precision in the location and magnitude fields, and greater Xreadability compared to the @dfn{lineread} format. The format is too slow Xfor use as input to the starchart programs. A data conversion program Xis provided to convert between formats, and to precess coordinates Xduring the conversion. X XEach object is represented by a single line in the file. This line Xcontains fields each of which corresponds to a field in the X@dfn{lineread} format. The fields are separated by a single character, Xusually @samp{;}. Fields may be omitted from the end of the line; Xomitted fields are assigned their default values. Fields may be empty, Xand again are assigned their default values. As with the other formats, Xthe RA, DEC, and mag. must be present. X XThe RA may be given as a decimal hour, hour and decimal minute, or hour Xminute and decimal second. The DEC may be given in the same format. XThe magnitude is a floating point number. X XThe type, and color, fields are empty or one or two characters, as in Xthe @dfn{lineread} format. X XThe label field is also the same as in the @dfn{lineread} format, and Xencodes the size of non-stellar objects in two characters. There is a Xbit of ``magic'' in this field. Since @samp{X } or @samp{ X} are both Xvalid, and whitespace is normally ignored, iff this field is two Xcharacters wide, and both characters are printing characters, it is Xtaken verbatim as the label field. That is, @samp{... ; X; ...} is X@samp{ X}, while @samp{... ; X ; ...} is read as one character and left Xjustified to become @samp{X }. @refill X XThe constellation field is the IAU abbreviation for the constellation Xand is always blank or three characters. X XThe name and comment are two separate fields. Commas should not be used Xin the name field, since when this name is placed in the other formats a Xcomma is used to separate the name from comments. X X@node binary, gsc, sif, File formats X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection Binary Formats X XThree binary input formats are supported. These formats provide greater Xposition and magnitude accuracy, with faster input, and varying degrees Xof storage space reduction. The files are inherently unportable, Xhowever, and should not be exchanged between machines and operating Xsystems, or even different compilers. The @dfn{sif} format, described Xabove, provides a general data exchange format. X XThe three formats provide different storage sizes. The most general Xformat, which contains all the data in the @dfn{lineread} format, is the X@dfn{binfull} format. A smaller format, @dfn{binobj} stores only the XRA, DEC, mag. and object type fields, all other fields become their Xdefaults (usually spaces). The smallest format, @dfn{binstar} stores Xonly the RA, DEC and mag., all other fields become their defaults, Xnotably the @var{object type} is @samp{SS}. X XThe binary formats are described as @b{C} structures. How the data in Xthe structure is stored is therefore highly variable between compilers, Xoperating systems and machines. However, most machines should be able Xto take advantage of these formats for local storage. X X@node gsc, index, binary, File formats X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection The Guide Star Catalog X XThe Hubble Space Telescope Guide Star Catalog, available on 2 CD-ROMs, Xmay be used as a stellar database. This format may be read by X@code{dataconv} and the starchart programs, but now written. An index Xfile is used to specify which files on which CD-ROM should be read. X X@node index, Support programs, binary, File formats X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@subsection The Index File index.indx, @samp{indextype} X XThe @dfn{indextype} file is a special file format added to support larger Xdatabases of dimmer stars. It provides an index mapping location to Xfilenames of files containing star data as above. Each indexed file Xcovers a rectangle of sky in RA and DEC. The areas may be different Xsizes for different files. The area covered is given as the RA and DEC Xof the upper left and lower right corners, followed by the filename and Xa string indicating the type of the file. This is all on one line in Xthe file. The format is then: X X@tex X{ X\settabs 6 \columns X\+upper left & upper left & lower right & lower right & filename & filetype \cr X\+RA & DEC & RA & DEC & filename & filetype \cr X\+e.g.\cr X\+02.0 & -30.0 & 00.0 & -90.0 & SAO00-90 & lineread \cr X\+04.0 & -30.0 & 02.0 & -90.0 & SAO02-90 & lineread \cr X\+06.0 & -30.0 & 04.0 & -90.0 & SAO04-90 & lineread \cr X\+08.0 & -30.0 & 06.0 & -90.0 & SAO06-90 & lineread \cr X\+10.0 & -30.0 & 08.0 & -90.0 & SAO08-90 & lineread \cr X} X@end tex X@ifinfo Xupper left upper left lower right lower right filename filetype XRA DEC RA DEC filename filetype X Xe.g. X02.0 -30.0 00.0 -90.0 SAO00-90 lineread X04.0 -30.0 02.0 -90.0 SAO02-90 lineread X06.0 -30.0 04.0 -90.0 SAO04-90 lineread X08.0 -30.0 06.0 -90.0 SAO06-90 lineread X10.0 -30.0 08.0 -90.0 SAO08-90 lineread X@end ifinfo X X@node Support programs, Acknowledgments, Data files, Top X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@chapter The Support Programs X@cindex Support programs X XSeveral support programs are provided for use with the primary X@code{observe} and starchart programs. X X@menu X* dataconv:: X* sif-to-text:: X* tosize:: X@end menu X X@node dataconv, sif-to-text, Support programs, Support programs X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@section @code{dataconv} X@pindex dataconv X XThis program is used to convert between file formats, especially to Xgenerate binary format files. It can precess coordinates as desired. XRemember, input data files for starchart programs should be in 2000.0 Xcoordinates. X X@node sif-to-text, tosize, dataconv, Support programs X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@section @code{sif-to-text} X@pindex sif-to-text X XThe @code{sif-to-text} or @code{sif_to_text} program converts sif format Xfiles to more readable text tables. X X@node tosize, Acknowledgments, sif-to-text, Support programs X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@section @code{tosize} X@pindex tosize X XThis program is used to encode the size of objects, for development of Xnew databases. X X@node Acknowledgments, , Support programs, Top X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@chapter Acknowledgements X XThe previous versions of starchart were developed by Alan Paeth. X XSteve Kennedy contributed to @file{starimages.c}. X XRobert Tidd provided the original @file{yale.star} and the format. X XDave Van't Hof provided most of the other databases (in particular boundaries, Xpatterns, and names). X XMichael Campanella provided vms support. X XThe Atari ST version was developed by Holger Zessel and Markus Kempf. X XTom Horsley contributed the ibm PC driver. X XMike Daly helped with the Macintosh version. X XJoe Wang helped with the X11 version. X XDean Payne provided the original code for @samp{.starrc} processing. X XOther contributions are from Petri Launiainen, Jyrki Yli-Nokari, Sjoerd XMullender, David Smith, Tim Pointing, and others. X X X@node Program Index, , Previous Node, Top X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@unnumbered Program Index X X@printindex pg X X@node Concept Index, , Previous Node, Top X@comment node-name, next, previous, up X@unnumbered Concept Index X X@printindex cp X X@contents X@bye X END_OF_FILE if test 41161 -ne `wc -c <'doc/as.texi.ab'`; then echo shar: \"'doc/as.texi.ab'\" unpacked with wrong size! fi # end of 'doc/as.texi.ab' fi echo shar: End of archive 30 $of 32$. cp /dev/null ark30isdone MISSING="" for I in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 ; do if test ! -f ark${I}isdone ; then MISSING="${MISSING} ${I}" fi done if test "${MISSING}" = "" ; then echo You have unpacked all 32 archives. rm -f ark[1-9]isdone ark[1-9][0-9]isdone else echo You still need to unpack the following archives: echo " " ${MISSING} fi ## End of shell archive. exit 0