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- XSERVER(1) XSERVER(1)
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-
- NNAAMMEE
- Xserver - X Window System display server
-
- SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
- XX [option ...]
-
- DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
- _X is the generic name for the X Window System display
- server. It is frequently a link or a copy of the appro-
- priate server binary for driving the most frequently used
- server on a given machine.
-
- SSTTAARRTTIINNGG TTHHEE SSEERRVVEERR
- The X server is usually started from the X Display Manager
- program _x_d_m_(_1_). This utility is run from the system boot
- files and takes care of keeping the server running,
- prompting for usernames and passwords, and starting up the
- user sessions.
-
- Installations that run more than one window system may
- need to use the _x_i_n_i_t_(_1_) utility instead of _x_d_m. However,
- _x_i_n_i_t is to be considered a tool for building startup
- scripts and is not intended for use by end users. Site
- administrators are ssttrroonnggllyy urged to use _x_d_m, or build
- other interfaces for novice users.
-
- The X server may also be started directly by the user,
- though this method is usually reserved for testing and is
- not recommended for normal operation. On some platforms,
- the user must have special permission to start the X
- server, often because access to certain devices (e.g.
- /dev/mouse) is restricted.
-
- When the X server starts up, it typically takes over the
- display. If you are running on a workstation whose con-
- sole is the display, you may not be able to log into the
- console while the server is running.
-
- OOPPTTIIOONNSS
- All of the X servers accept the following command line
- options:
-
- ::_d_i_s_p_l_a_y_n_u_m_b_e_r
- the X server runs as the given _d_i_s_p_l_a_y_n_u_m_b_e_r,
- which by default is 0. If multiple X servers are
- to run simultaneously on a host, each must have a
- unique display number. See the DISPLAY NAMES sec-
- tion of the _X_(_1_) manual page to learn how to spec-
- ify which display number clients should try to
- use.
-
- --aa _n_u_m_b_e_r
- sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how
- much is reported to how much the user actually
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- XSERVER(1) XSERVER(1)
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- moved the pointer).
-
- --aacc disables host-based access control mechanisms.
- Enables access by any host, and permits any host
- to modify the access control list. Use with
- extreme caution. This option exists primarily for
- running test suites remotely.
-
- --aauuddiitt _l_e_v_e_l
- Sets the audit trail level. The default level is
- 1, meaning only connection rejections are
- reported. Level 2 additionally reports all suc-
- cessful connections and disconnects. Level 0
- turns off the audit trail. Audit lines are sent
- as standard error output.
-
- --aauutthh _a_u_t_h_o_r_i_z_a_t_i_o_n_-_f_i_l_e
- Specifies a file which contains a collection of
- authorization records used to authenticate access.
- See also the _x_d_m and _X_s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y manual pages.
-
- bbcc disables certain kinds of error checking, for bug
- compatibility with previous releases (e.g., to
- work around bugs in R2 and R3 xterms and toolk-
- its). Deprecated.
-
- --bbss disables backing store support on all screens.
-
- --cc turns off key-click.
-
- cc _v_o_l_u_m_e
- sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100).
-
- --cccc _c_l_a_s_s
- sets the visual class for the root window of color
- screens. The class numbers are as specified in
- the X protocol. Not obeyed by all servers.
-
- --ccoo _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
- sets name of RGB color database. The default is
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/rgb, where <XRoot> refers to the
- root of the X11 install tree.
-
- --ccoonnffiigg _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
- reads more options from the given file. Options
- in the file may be separated by newlines if
- desired. If a '#' character appears on a line,
- all characters between it and the next newline are
- ignored, providing a simple commenting facility.
- The --ccoonnffiigg option itself may appear in the file.
-
- --ccoorree causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal
- errors.
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- XSERVER(1) XSERVER(1)
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- --ddppii _r_e_s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n
- sets the resolution of the screen, in dots per
- inch. To be used when the server cannot determine
- the screen size from the hardware.
-
- --ddeeffeerrggllyypphhss _w_h_i_c_h_f_o_n_t_s
- specifies the types of fonts for which the server
- should attempt to use deferred glyph loading.
- _w_h_i_c_h_f_o_n_t_s can be all (all fonts), none (no
- fonts), or 16 (16 bit fonts only).
-
- --ff _v_o_l_u_m_e
- sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100).
-
- --ffcc _c_u_r_s_o_r_F_o_n_t
- sets default cursor font.
-
- --ffnn _f_o_n_t
- sets the default font.
-
- --ffpp _f_o_n_t_P_a_t_h
- sets the search path for fonts. This path is a
- comma separated list of directories which the X
- server searches for font databases.
-
- --hheellpp prints a usage message.
-
- --II causes all remaining command line arguments to be
- ignored.
-
- --kkbb disables the XKEYBOARD extension if present.
-
- --pp _m_i_n_u_t_e_s
- sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes.
-
- --ppnn permits the server to continue running if it fails
- to establish all of its well-known sockets (con-
- nection points for clients), but establishes at
- least one.
-
- --rr turns off auto-repeat.
-
- rr turns on auto-repeat.
-
- --ss _m_i_n_u_t_e_s
- sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes.
-
- --ssuu disables save under support on all screens.
-
- --tt _n_u_m_b_e_r
- sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels
- (i.e. after how many pixels pointer acceleration
- should take effect).
-
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- --tteerrmmiinnaattee
- causes the server to terminate at server reset,
- instead of continuing to run.
-
- --ttoo _s_e_c_o_n_d_s
- sets default connection timeout in seconds.
-
- --ttsstt disables all testing extensions (e.g., XTEST,
- XTrap, XTestExtension1).
-
- ttttyy_x_x ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from
- init).
-
- vv sets video-off screen-saver preference.
-
- --vv sets video-on screen-saver preference.
-
- --wwmm forces the default backing-store of all windows to
- be WhenMapped. This is a backdoor way of getting
- backing-store to apply to all windows. Although
- all mapped windows will have backing store, the
- backing store attribute value reported by the
- server for a window will be the last value estab-
- lished by a client. If it has never been set by a
- client, the server will report the default value,
- NotUseful. This behavior is required by the X
- protocol, which allows the server to exceed the
- client's backing store expectations but does not
- provide a way to tell the client that it is doing
- so.
-
- --xx _e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n
- loads the specified extension at init. This is a
- no-op for most implementations.
-
- SSEERRVVEERR DDEEPPEENNDDEENNTT OOPPTTIIOONNSS
- Some X servers accept the following options:
-
- --lldd _k_i_l_o_b_y_t_e_s
- sets the data space limit of the server to the
- specified number of kilobytes. A value of zero
- makes the data size as large as possible. The
- default value of -1 leaves the data space limit
- unchanged.
-
- --llff _f_i_l_e_s
- sets the number-of-open-files limit of the server
- to the specified number. A value is zero makes
- the limit as large as possible. The default value
- of -1 leaves the limit unchanged.
-
- --llss _k_i_l_o_b_y_t_e_s
- sets the stack space limit of the server to the
- specified number of kilobytes. A value of zero
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- XSERVER(1) XSERVER(1)
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- makes the stack size as large as possible. The
- default value of -1 leaves the stack space limit
- unchanged.
-
- --llooggoo turns on the X Window System logo display in the
- screen-saver. There is currently no way to change
- this from a client.
-
- nnoollooggoo turns off the X Window System logo display in the
- screen-saver. There is currently no way to change
- this from a client.
-
- XXDDMMCCPP OOPPTTIIOONNSS
- X servers that support XDMCP have the following options.
- See the _X _D_i_s_p_l_a_y _M_a_n_a_g_e_r _C_o_n_t_r_o_l _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l specification
- for more information.
-
- --qquueerryy _h_o_s_t_-_n_a_m_e
- Enable XDMCP and send Query packets to the speci-
- fied host.
-
- --bbrrooaaddccaasstt
- Enable XDMCP and broadcast BroadcastQuery packets
- to the network. The first responding display man-
- ager will be chosen for the session.
-
- --iinnddiirreecctt _h_o_s_t_-_n_a_m_e
- Enable XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the
- specified host.
-
- --ppoorrtt _p_o_r_t_-_n_u_m
- Use an alternate port number for XDMCP packets.
- Must be specified before any -query, -broadcast or
- -indirect options.
-
- --ccllaassss _d_i_s_p_l_a_y_-_c_l_a_s_s
- XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in
- resource lookup for display-specific options.
- This option sets that value, by default it is
- "MIT-Unspecified" (not a very useful value).
-
- --ccooookkiiee _x_d_m_-_a_u_t_h_-_b_i_t_s
- When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key
- is shared between the server and the manager.
- This option sets the value of that private data
- (not that it is very private, being on the command
- line!).
-
- --ddiissppllaayyIIDD _d_i_s_p_l_a_y_-_i_d
- Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows
- the display manager to identify each display so
- that it can locate the shared key.
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- XSERVER(1) XSERVER(1)
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- XXKKEEYYBBOOAARRDD OOPPTTIIOONNSS
- X servers that support the XKEYBOARD extension accept the
- following options:
-
- --xxkkbbddiirr _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
- base directory for keyboard layout files
-
- --xxkkbbmmaapp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
- keyboard description to load on startup
-
- [[++--]]aacccceessssxx
- enable(+) or disable(-) AccessX key sequences
-
- --aarr11 _m_i_l_l_i_s_e_c_o_n_d_s
- sets the length of time in milliseconds that a key
- must be depressed before autorepeat starts
-
- --aarr22 _m_i_l_l_i_s_e_c_o_n_d_s
- sets the length of time in milliseconds that
- should elapse between autorepeat-generated
- keystrokes
-
- Many servers also have device-specific command line
- options. See the manual pages for the individual servers
- for more details.
-
- NNEETTWWOORRKK CCOONNNNEECCTTIIOONNSS
- The X server supports client connections via a platform-
- dependent subset of the following transport types: TCPIP,
- Unix Domain sockets, DECnet, and several varieties of SVR4
- local connections. See the DISPLAY NAMES section of the
- _X_(_1_) manual page to learn how to specify which transport
- type clients should try to use.
-
- SSEECCUURRIITTYY
- The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the
- following authorization protocols: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1,
- XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1, SUN-DES-1, and MIT-KERBEROS-5. See
- the _X_s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y_(_1_) manual page for information on the opera-
- tion of these protocols.
-
- Authorization data required by the above protocols is
- passed to the server in a private file named with the
- --aauutthh command line option. Each time the server is about
- to accept the first connection after a reset (or when the
- server is starting), it reads this file. If this file
- contains any authorization records, the local host is not
- automatically allowed access to the server, and only
- clients which send one of the authorization records con-
- tained in the file in the connection setup information
- will be allowed access. See the _X_a_u manual page for a
- description of the binary format of this file. See
- _x_a_u_t_h_(_1_) for maintenance of this file, and distribution of
- its contents to remote hosts.
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- The X server also uses a host-based access control list
- for deciding whether or not to accept connections from
- clients on a particular machine. If no other authoriza-
- tion mechanism is being used, this list initially consists
- of the host on which the server is running as well as any
- machines listed in the file _/_e_t_c_/_Xnn_._h_o_s_t_s, where nn is the
- display number of the server. Each line of the file
- should contain either an Internet hostname (e.g.
- expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a DECnet hostname in double colon
- format (e.g. hydra::). There should be no leading or
- trailing spaces on any lines. For example:
-
- joesworkstation
- corporate.company.com
- star::
- bigcpu::
-
- Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or
- disable access control using the _x_h_o_s_t command from the
- same machine as the server.
-
- The X protocol intrinsically does not have any notion of
- window operation permissions or place any restrictions on
- what a client can do; if a program can connect to a dis-
- play, it has full run of the screen. Sites that have bet-
- ter authentication and authorization systems might wish to
- make use of the hooks in the libraries and the server to
- provide additional security models.
-
- SSIIGGNNAALLSS
- The X server attaches special meaning to the following
- signals:
-
- _S_I_G_H_U_P This signal causes the server to close all exist-
- ing connections, free all resources, and restore
- all defaults. It is sent by the display manager
- whenever the main user's main application (usually
- an _x_t_e_r_m or window manager) exits to force the
- server to clean up and prepare for the next user.
-
- _S_I_G_T_E_R_M This signal causes the server to exit cleanly.
-
- _S_I_G_U_S_R_1 This signal is used quite differently from either
- of the above. When the server starts, it checks
- to see if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN
- instead of the usual SIG_DFL. In this case, the
- server sends a SIGUSR1 to its parent process after
- it has set up the various connection schemes. _X_d_m
- uses this feature to recognize when connecting to
- the server is possible.
-
- FFOONNTTSS
- The X server can obtain fonts from directories and/or from
- font servers. The list of directories and font servers
-
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- X Version 11 Release 6.1 7
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- XSERVER(1) XSERVER(1)
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- the X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled
- by the _f_o_n_t _p_a_t_h.
-
- The default font path is "<XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/misc/,
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/,
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/,
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/,
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/ where <XRoot> refers to the
- root of the X11 install tree.
-
- The font path can be set with the --ffpp option or by _x_s_e_t_(_1_)
- after the server has started.
-
- FFIILLEESS
- /etc/Xnn.hosts Initial access control list
- for display number nn
-
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/misc,
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi,
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi
- Bitmap font directories
-
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo, <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
- Outline font directories
-
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/PEX PEX font directories
-
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/rgb.txt Color database
-
- /tmp/.X11-unix/Xnn Unix domain socket for dis-
- play number nn
-
- /tmp/rcXnn Kerberos 5 replay cache for
- display number nn
-
- /usr/adm/Xnnmsgs Error log file for display
- number nn if run from _i_n_i_t_(_8_)
-
- <XRoot>/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-errors
- Default error log file if
- the server is run from
- _x_d_m_(_1_)
-
- Note: <XRoot> refers to the root of the X11 install tree.
-
- SSEEEE AALLSSOO
- General information: X(1)
-
- Protocols: _X _W_i_n_d_o_w _S_y_s_t_e_m _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l_, _T_h_e _X _F_o_n_t _S_e_r_v_i_c_e
- _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l_, _X _D_i_s_p_l_a_y _M_a_n_a_g_e_r _C_o_n_t_r_o_l _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l
-
- Fonts: bdftopcf(1), mkfontdir(1), xfs(1), xlsfonts(1),
- xfontsel(1), xfd(1), _X _L_o_g_i_c_a_l _F_o_n_t _D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n _C_o_n_v_e_n_-
- _t_i_o_n_s
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- XSERVER(1) XSERVER(1)
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- Security: Xsecurity(1), xauth(1), Xau(1), xdm(1), xhost(1)
-
- Starting the server: xdm(1), xinit(1)
-
- Controlling the server once started: xset(1), xsetroot(1),
- xhost(1)
-
- Server-specific man pages: Xdec(1), XmacII(1), Xsun(1),
- Xnest(1), Xvfb(1), XF86_Accel(1), XF86_Mono(1),
- XF86_SVGA(1), XF86_VGA16(1), XFree86(1)
-
- Server internal documentation: _D_e_f_i_n_i_t_i_o_n _o_f _t_h_e _P_o_r_t_i_n_g
- _L_a_y_e_r _f_o_r _t_h_e _X _v_1_1 _S_a_m_p_l_e _S_e_r_v_e_r_, _S_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s _f_o_r _P_o_r_t_i_n_g
- _t_h_e _X _v_1_1 _S_a_m_p_l_e _S_e_r_v_e_r_, _G_o_d_z_i_l_l_a_'_s _G_u_i_d_e _t_o _P_o_r_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _X
- _V_1_1 _S_a_m_p_l_e _S_e_r_v_e_r
-
- AAUUTTHHOORRSS
- The sample server was originally written by Susan Ange-
- branndt, Raymond Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd Newman,
- from Digital Equipment Corporation, with support from a
- large cast. It has since been extensively rewritten by
- Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT.
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