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- "The Atari A to Z"
- by Mark S Baines
- Copyright (c) 1998 Mark S Baines
- All Rights Reserved
-
-
- YOU MUST READ "READ_ME.NOW" BEFORE YOU LOOK AT ANY OF THIS FILE
- *****************************************************************************
-
-
- E
-
-
- EAROM
- Electrically Alterable Read-Only Memory. A ROM chip whose contents can
- normally be read and are not volatile, but may be altered by electrical
- signals.
-
-
- EBCDIC
- Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. An 8-bit internal storage code
- used by IBM mainframe computers to represent a character set.
-
-
- Echo
- In a communications link, the characters typed on a transmitting computer are
- reflected back from the receiving computer before being displayed on the
- screen. Also, synonymous with conference.
-
-
- EchoMail
- Public messages in an echo or conference of a telecommunications network,
- usually a bulletin board system.
-
-
- ECL
- Emitter Coupled Logic. Extremely fast logic chips not normally common on
- microcomputers being difficult to use. The high resolution monochrome
- circuitry on the TT is implemented in ECL which gives a very good quality and
- fast display. However, it does require a special monitor, such as the Atari
- TTM194.
-
-
- ED
- Extra Density. Term applied to the 3.5 inch floppy disks with a capacity of
- 2.88 Mb.
-
-
- Edge connector
- An etched connector along a free edge of a circuit board for connection to
- another circuit board, like that on a cartridge.
-
-
- Edit
- The act of examining displayed data and correcting and modifying it before
- being processed, stored or printed.
-
-
- Edit menu
- Usually the third GEM program menu with such items as "Undo", "Cut", "Copy",
- "Paste" and "Delete".
-
-
- Editable text field
- A line in a GEM dialog box where input text can be typed and edited by the
- user. The [Tab] key will move the cursor (usually a thin vertical line) from
- one field to another.
-
-
- Editor
- A program that allows data to be edited. The term commonly refers to a text
- processor producing ASCII unformatted text.
-
-
- EEPLD
- Electrically Erasable Programmable Logic Device. A complex logic chip that can
- be erased and programmed by applying a voltage to certain pins. It has the
- advantage of being programmable on the circuit without having to be removed.
-
-
- EEPROM
- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. Another name for an
- EEROM.
-
-
- EEROM
- Electrically Erasable Read-Only Memory. A read-only memory that can be erased
- and programmed by applying a voltage to certain pins to write 1-bits where
- required. Erasure is by reversing the polarity used in writing.
-
-
- EFTS
- Electronic Funds Transfer System. A data network system for making direct
- debits and credits between banks without the movement of paper.
-
-
- EFTPOS
- Electronic Funds Transfer at Point Of Sale. A system for directly debiting and
- crediting a customer's bank account at the place of purchase.
-
-
- EGA
- Enhanced Graphics Adaptor. An IBM PC graphics system introduced to improve on
- the CGA standard, having 16 colours at 320 x 200, 640 x 200 or 640 x 350
- resolutions. It is now largely replaced by the VGA standard.
-
-
- EIA
- Electronic Industries Association. A US standards organization responsible for
- the RS-232C serial communication specifications.
-
-
- EISA
- Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture or Extended Industry Standard
- Architecture. An expansion slot connection used on IBM PC compatible computers
- which can accommodate up to 32-bit data transfers. The standard was introduced
- by a group of manufacturers in response to IBM's MCA slot system which was
- subject to royalties.
-
-
- EL
- ElectroLuminescent. Electroluminescent displays produce light by placing an
- alternating voltage between phosphors. They have better contrast than LCD
- displays, are reliable and use less power than a CRT screen and are available
- up to 640 x 480 resolution. They are normally monochrome (amber yellow)
- although full colour displays have been developed. See Electroluminescence.
-
-
- Electrode
- The stylus in a thermal matrix printer. Also, a conductor that passes current
- between two different conducting mediums.
-
-
- Electroluminescence
- The term applied to the 'cool' conversion of electricity into light, such as
- by the phosphor on a cathode ray tube or by a light-emitting diode.
-
-
- Electromechanical
- A device that uses electricity to move or rotate elements, such as a disk
- drive or a motor.
-
-
- Electronic
- A term applied to devices and circuits in which transistors and other
- semiconductor devices or valves are used to control electric currents.
-
-
- Electronic mail
- See E-mail.
-
-
- Electrosensitive matrix printer
- A printer that uses electrically conducting styli to selectively burn away a
- silver coating on black paper to produce dot matrix characters. Printing
- quality is extremely poor and slow, but such printers can be made very small
- for use with portable or hand-held computers and calculators.
-
-
- Element
- A component of a larger system or unit. Also, an item of an electronic
- circuit.
-
-
- Ellipsis
- A string of three full stops. In a GEM program menu, any menu items followed
- by an ellipsis, such as "Load...", indicates that additional action or input
- will be required from the user to carry out the desired task. This may mean
- the use of another popup menu or a dialog box.
-
-
- E-mail
- Electronic Mail. The system of sending personal messages transmitted between
- participant's computers or FAX machines rather than by the postal system
- (referred to as 'snail-mail'). E-mail is a private message directly addressed
- to a recipient.
-
-
- Embedded
- Included in something else, for instance in word processing, non-printable
- printer control codes inserted within the text.
-
-
- Embedded SCSI drive
- A hard disk drive mechanism with a SCSI interface built in. These are compact
- units which are popular as Atari computer storage devices, except that the
- Falcon has an internal IDE interface which will not accept them.
-
-
- EMI
- ElectroMagnetic Interference. Every electric current produces a magnetic field
- around the wire or circuit through which it flows. If the current increases or
- decreases so does the magnetic field. If this field passes through a wire, a
- voltage signal can be induced in that wire which can interfere with its
- correct signals and the operation of that circuit. If electric currents are
- changing very rapidly, radio signals can be generated which may cause
- interference with other equipment.
-
-
- Emoticon
- EMOTion ICON. See Smiley.
-
-
- Emulation
- Using programs, and maybe hardware, to execute programs designed for one
- computer on another, such as running PC programs on the ST. The ST is capable
- of emulating many different types of computers either through software alone
- or with the aid of some hardware including the necessary processors or system
- ROMs.
-
-
- Emulator
- A program or hardware that enables one computer to emulate another. Also, a
- program or hardware that is used to replace a missing facility, for instance,
- the VT52 software emulator in TOS which can make the ST behave as a VT52
- terminal. The ST can, with the aid of software and hardware, emulate many
- different types of computer, some very successfully, especially the Apple
- Macintosh with the Spectre. IBM PC emulation is available, Sinclair Spectrum,
- ZX81 and QL, Acorn BBC and Atari XL. Other operating systems, such as CP/M,
- UNIX (through the MINIX or LINUX projects or the ASV kit on a TT), OS/9, SMS2
- and OMEn can also be run on the ST-Falcon although this really isn't
- emulation.
-
-
- Enable
- To take some action that makes another take place. To make a facility or
- function operable.
-
-
- Encode
- To change the form of data in accordance with a set of rules.
-
-
- Encryption
- To convert normal file data into an unreadable form based on a key usually for
- security purposes.
-
-
- End of file - EOF
- A character, frequently [Cntl-Z] ASCII code 26, used to designate the end of
- data in a file.
-
-
- Engine
- A term sometimes applied to the core functional part of hardware or a program.
-
-
- Enhance
- To improve the capability of a system by adding hardware or software or
- replacing current items with updated versions. Also, to improve the appearance
- of an image to show more detail.
-
-
- Enlarge
- To increase size.
-
-
- ENQ
- ENQuiry. A transmission control character used to request a response from the
- receiving station or to ask for identification.
-
-
- Enter
- Typing in commands or data at a system prompt and pressing the [Return] or
- [Enter] key to place that data in memory enabling its processing by the
- program.
-
-
- Enter key
- Synonymous with the [Return] key and generally returning the same code, ASCII
- character 13.
-
-
- Entity
- A general term for anything that is known to an operating system.
-
-
- Entry point
- An instruction address or label of a place in a program where execution can
- begin, e.g. to test a particular function. Often used in assemblers.
-
-
- Envelope
- The included frequencies of a signal, those that are represented in a
- transmitted or received signal.
-
-
- Environment
- The resources available for a program's execution within the computer system.
- Operating system variables can be defined pointing to various locations in
- memory or disk where these resources are stored, the most common being the
- PATH= environmental variable which is the search path used to locate program
- resources and files, e.g. PATH=;C:\;C:\FONTS;D:\;E:\LC5\C.
-
-
- EPLD
- Erasable Programmable Logic Device. A complex logic chip that can be
- programmed by the user by applying voltage to certain pins. It has the
- advantage of being programmable on the circuit without its removal but can
- only be erased by exposing the chip through the 'window' on the top of the
- chip to high-intensity ultraviolet light like EPROMs.
-
-
- EPROM
- Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory or Erasable Programmable Read-Only
- Memory. A read-only memory that can be programmed by applying a voltage to
- selected pins and is usually erased by exposing the chip through the 'window'
- on the top of the chip to high-intensity ultraviolet light.
-
-
- EPS
- Encapsulated PostScript. A graphics file format produced by PostScript
- compatible programs which is written in the PostScript language and contains
- information that allows images to be displayed with the correct scale and at
- the correct position. Such files can be imported into some DTP programs and
- output to PostScript printers.
-
-
- Epson
- A printer manufacturer whose dot matrix printer control codes have generally
- become a standard for operating dot matrix printers.
-
-
- Erase
- To remove data from storage. On a disk the first byte of the file name in the
- directory is overwritten with ASCII code 229 'σ' and the FAT is modified to
- show the sectors occupied by that program as being free. However, the file's
- data is still physically intact and recoverable as long as the disk is not
- written to.
-
-
- Erase head
- The head in a magnetic tape unit that erases previously recorded data from the
- tape before new data is written. In magnetic disk recording, they perform
- track trimming.
-
-
- Error
- An unwanted and unintended result, such as a failure to pass a validity test
- during a program's compilation. Also, where the received data is not the same
- as that transmitted or where the data read from a storage location is not the
- same as that written there.
-
-
- Error correction
- A method of providing a means of detecting errors in received data and once
- found, requesting the retransmission of those bits or, in more sophisticated
- systems, correcting them according to some established algorithm.
-
-
- Error detection
- See Error correction.
-
-
- Error message
- A displayed message indicating an error of some kind. See BIOS errors, GEMDOS
- errors.
-
-
- Esc
- ESCape. The Escape character, ASCII character 27.
-
-
- Escape
- A transmission control character, ASCII code 27, used to indicate that certain
- following characters are control codes and not normal text. Used by
- peripherals, such as printers and screen displays to control how the text is
- displayed (bold type, different font type etc.).
-
-
- Escape key
- A key performing a function designated by the controlling program. It can send
- the ASCII Escape character in some situations, such as with communications
- terminal software. In the GEM Desktop it forces the re-reading of the top disk
- directory window in order to recognize a possible disk change. In most GEM
- programs it is used to clear an editable field of text, such as a .TTP program
- command line.
-
-
- ESDI
- Enhanced Small Device Interface. An interface system for connecting hard disk
- drives and optical disks to computers. It was introduced in the mid-1980s to
- produce a greater data rate than the ST506 interface and was generally found
- on the IBM PC compatible computers. It is now largely replaced by IDE and SCSI
- interfaces.
-
-
- ESVGA
- Extended Super Video Graphic Adaptor. A screen graphics standard found on some
- high-end IBM PC compatible computers providing an improved VGA display of
- 1,024 x 768 in sixteen or 256 colours.
-
-
- Etch
- To selectively remove metal in producing a printed circuit board.
-
-
- Ethernet
- A local-area network developed by Intel, Xerox and Digital Equipment using
- coaxial cable and operating at ten megabits per second. It can support several
- hundred terminals and is relatively cheap to install. The Mega STE and TT has
- the capability of connecting to Ethernet networks belonging to other system by
- installing a VME bus-based or SCSI-based Ethernet controller card.
-
-
- Evaluate
- To reduce an expression to its simplest form, to solve it.
-
-
- Even parity
- See Parity.
-
-
- Event
- An external condition of significance to an operating system or executing
- program. Also, a GEM generated signal to a program that an external action has
- occurred, such as a mouse click or window closure, that has to be acted upon
- by the program.
-
-
- Event driven
- Interrupt driven.
-
-
- EVGA
- Enhanced Video Graphics Adaptor. Sometimes called Super VGA (SVGA). A screen
- graphics standard providing an improved VGA display of 800 x 600 with sixteen
- or 256 colours found on IBM PC compatibles.
-
-
- Exception
- A condition encountered during program execution that causes an immediate
- transfer of control to an exception routine that can deal with that condition.
- They normally occur when the processor has been given an instruction that it
- cannot perform, such as a bus error, address errors, illegal instructions,
- divide by zero etc. Besides coming from the processor, exceptions can also
- come from external devices such as peripherals, for instance when a printer
- goes off-line whilst printing. Synonymous with the term 'interrupt'. See
- Exception vectors.
-
-
- Exception routine
- A routine to which control is passed in order to deal with some abnormal
- condition that occurs during processing.
-
-
- Exception vectors
- On the ST-Falcon range, the first 1,024 bytes of memory are reserved by the
- processor for the exception vectors. Routines (in ROM or provided by the user)
- that use exception handling store the addresses they require in this range of
- memory. If an interrupt error occurs the processor will stop execution of the
- program, save the program counter and status register on the stack and branch
- to a routine, the address of which is stored in the interrupt's exception
- vector. If a bus error occurs, for instance, the address of the routine to
- pass control to is stored at location $008. As many bombs appear on the screen
- as the interrupt vector number, two for a bus error. Execution then returns to
- the Desktop, but this may not be possible depending on how much memory was
- corrupted.
-
- Table E1: Exception Vectors Contents
-
- Vector Address Meaning TOS 1.4
- Number in hex example
- 0 $000 Stack pointer after reset: $602E0104
- 1 $004 Program counter after reset: $ FC0030
-
- MC680x0 Exception Vectors:
- 2 $008 Bus error: $ 2FC0B0A
- 3 $00C Address error: $ 3FC0B0A
- 4 $010 Illegal instruction: $ 4FC0B0A
- 5 $014 Division by zero: $ FC07A0
- 6 $018 CHK instruction: $ 6FC0B0A
- 7 $01C TRAPV instruction: $ 7FC0B0A
- 8 $020 Privilege violation: $ 8FC0B0A
- 9 $024 Trace: $ 9FC0B0A
- 10 $028 Line-A emulator: $ FCAB3C
- 11 $02C Line-F emulator: $ 53AFC
- 12 $030 reserved: $ CFC0B0A
- 13 $034 FPU protocol violation (TT/Falcon): $ DFC0B0A
- 14 $038 Format error (TT/Falcon): $ EFC0B0A
- 15 $03C Uninitialized interrupt: $ FFC0B0A
- 16 $040 reserved: $10FC0B0A
- 17 $044 reserved: $11FC0B0A
- 18 $048 reserved: $12FC0B0A
- 19 $04C reserved: $13FC0B0A
- 20 $050 reserved: $14FC0B0A
- 21 $054 reserved: $15FC0B0A
- 22 $058 reserved: $16FC0B0A
- 23 $05C reserved: $17FC0B0A
- 24 $060 Spurious interrupt: $18FC0B0A
-
- Auto-Vector Interrupts:
- 25 $064 Level 1 interrupt (IPL1): $ FC07A0
- 26 $068 Level 2 interrupt (HBL): $ FC06AA
- 27 $06C Level 3 interrupt (IPL3): $ FC07A0
- 28 $070 Level 4 interrupt (VBL): $ FC06C0
- 29 $074 Level 5 interrupt (IPL5): $ FC07A0
- 30 $078 Level 6 interrupt (MFP): $ FC07A0
- 31 $07C Level 7 interrupt (IPL7): $ FC07A0
-
- The TRAP Exception Vectors:
- 32 $080 TRAP #0 instruction: $20FC0B0A
- 33 $084 TRAP #1 (GEMDOS) instruction: $ FC92D8
- 34 $088 TRAP #2 (AES/VDI) instruction: $ FDD40A
- 35 $08C TRAP #3 instruction: $23FC0B0A
- 36 $090 TRAP #4 instruction: $24FC0B0A
- 37 $094 TRAP #5 instruction: $25FC0B0A
- 38 $098 TRAP #6 instruction: $26FC0B0A
- 39 $09C TRAP #7 instruction: $27FC0B0A
- 40 $0A0 TRAP #8 instruction: $28FC0B0A
- 41 $0A4 TRAP #9 instruction: $29FC0B0A
- 42 $0A8 TRAP #10 instruction: $2AFC0B0A
- 43 $0AC TRAP #11 instruction: $2BFC0B0A
- 44 $0B0 TRAP #12 instruction: $2CFC0B0A
- 45 $0B4 TRAP #13 (BIOS) instruction: $ FC07CA
- 46 $0B8 TRAP #14 (XBIOS) instruction: $ FC07C4
- 47 $0BC TRAP #15 instruction: $2FFC0B0A
-
- The MC68881 FPU Exception Vectors:
- 48 $0C0 FPU branch/set on unordered condition: $3007779A
- 49 $0C4 FPU inexact result: $3107779A
- 50 $0C8 FPU floating-point divide by zero: $3207779A
- 51 $0CC FPU underflow: $3307779A
- 52 $0D0 FPU operand error: $3407779A
- 53 $0D4 FPU overflow: $3507779A
- 54 $0D8 FPU signalling NAN: $3607779A
- 55 $0DC unassigned: $3707779A
-
- The MC68851 MMU Exception Vectors:
- 56 $0E0 MMU configuration error: $3807779A
- 57 $0E4 MMU illegal operation: $3907779A
- 58 $0E8 MMU access violation: $3A07779A
- 59- $0EC-
- 63 $0FC reserved:
-
- The MC68901 MFP Vectors:
- 64 $100 Parallel port busy *: $40B03B04
- 65 $104 RS-232 data carrier detect *: $35582FAC
- 66 $108 RS-232 clear to send: $ FC38AA
- 67 $10C BitBLT complete *: $1EA818FC
- 68 $110 RS-232 baud rate generator/Timer D *: $13500DA4
- 69 $114 200 Hz system clock/Timer C: $ FC4242
- 70 $118 Keyboard and MIDI ACIAs: $ FC3AEC
- 71 $11C Floppy controller and DMA *: $F148EB9C
- 72 $120 HBlank counter/Timer B **: $E5F0E044
- 73 $124 RS-232 transmit error: $ FC3918
- 74 $128 RS-232 transmit buffer empty: $ FC3890
- 75 $12C RS-232 receive error: $ FC38F6
- 76 $130 RS-232 receive buffer full: $ FC37F2
- 77 $134 DMA sound counter/Timer A: $AD38A78C
- 78 $138 RS-232 ring indicator *: $A1E09C34
- 79 $13C Mono detect/DMA sound complete*: $968890DC
-
- * = Normally disabled
- ** = Initially disabled by the operating system
- Interrupt 65 $104 on a Falcon is connected to the parallel port Acknowledge
- signal and not the serial port. Interrupt 78 $138 is the only serial port
- vector that remains part of the MFP chip on the Falcon, all other functions
- being transferred to the SCC chip.
-
- The TT MC68901 MFP Vectors (TT only):
- 80 $140 General purpose I/O pin: $8B308584
- 81 $144 General purpose I/O pin: $7FD87A2C
- 82 $148 SCC DMAC interrupt: $74806ED4
- 83 $14C RS-232 ring indicator: $6928637C
- 84 $150 RS-232 baud rate generator (Timer D): $5DD05824
- 85 $154 SCC TxCB (Timer C): $52784CCC
- 86 $158 reserved: $47204174
- 87 $15C SCSI DMAC interrupt: $3BC8361C
- 88 $160 unassigned (Timer B): $30702AC4
- 89 $164 RS-232 transmit error: $25181F6C
- 90 $168 RS-232 transmit buffer empty: $19C01414
- 91 $16C RS-232 receive error: $ E6808BC
- 92 $170 RS-232 receive buffer full: $ 310FD64
- 93 $174 reserved (Timer A): $F7B8F20C
- 94 $178 RTC IRQ: $EC60E6B4
- 95 $17C SCSI controller IRQ: $E108DB5C
-
- The Zilog 86C30 SCC Vectors (Mega STE, TT, Falcon only):
- 96 $180 SCC port B transmit buffer empty: $D5B0D004
- 97 $184 unused: $CA58C4AC
- 98 $188 SCC port B external status change: $BF00B954
- 99 $18C unused: $B3A8ADFC
- 100 $190 SCC port B receive character available: $A850A2A4
- 101 $194 unused: $9CF8974C
- 102 $198 SCC port B special receive condition: $91A08BF4
- 103 $19C unused: $8648809C
- 104 $1A0 SCC port A transmit buffer empty: $7AF07544
- 105 $1A4 unused: $6F9869EC
- 106 $1A8 SCC port A external status change: $64405E94
- 107 $1AC unused: $58E8533C
- 108 $1B0 SCC port A receive character available: $4D9047E4
- 109 $1B4 unused: $42383C8C
- 110 $1B8 SCC port A special receive condition: $36E03134
- 111 $1BC unused: $2B8825DC
- 112- $1C0-
- 255 $37F undefined:
-
- The vector for division by zero points to a RTE instruction and returns
- directly to the interrupted program. Most vectors in an empty computer point
- to the same routine, $00FC0B0A in TOS 1.4 for instance. In 24-bit addressing
- systems (i.e. those with a MC68000), the number preceding this address in the
- last column above is the hexadecimal version of the vector number and
- indicates how many bombs are shown on the screen if that exception vector is
- called when an error occurs.
-
- The most important exceptions are Bus errors, Address errors, Illegal
- instructions, Zero divide, CHK instruction, TRAPV instruction, Privilege
- violation, Trace error, Spurious interrupt. See separate entries for an
- explanation of these.
-
-
- Exchange
- To transpose or to replace one thing with another.
-
-
- Executable
- A program file capable of having its instructions executed.
-
-
- Executable file
- A program file, one with a .PRG, .APP, .TOS, .TTP, .ACC or .GTP extender.
-
-
- Executable file header
- See Program header.
-
-
- Execution
- Performing the operations specified in the instructions contained within a
- program.
-
-
- Executive
- A group of programs or routines belonging to an operating system that control
- the execution of other programs.
-
-
- Exist
- To be present in main storage.
-
-
- Exit
- The place in a program where execution stops normally and cleanly.
-
-
- Expansion board
- A printed circuit board that provides for additional hardware facilities, such
- as extra ports.
-
-
- Expansion bus
- The Mega ST was the first of the ST-Falcon range to be fitted with an
- expansion bus connector, internally fitted on the motherboard. It is an
- extension of the MC68000 processor bus to a 64-pin (two rows of 32) male
- socket; the pins being almost a direct image of the 68000 pins connected
- straight to these lines without any buffering. This means that only one LS TTL
- load is allowed. Power for any device on the port can be obtained from a spare
- power connector on the motherboard or from the socket itself. Expansion cards
- may be half-depth or full length. Full length cards can extend to the rear of
- the computer where a removable panel can allow for external connectors. Any
- memory on the expansion bus must exist between $00C00000 to $00CFFFFF. This
- port is commonly used for graphics cards, such as the Reflex card;
- coprocessors, such as the SFP004 FPU card; and emulators, such as AT Speed PC
- emulator.
-
- The TT and Mega STE have, instead of a 68000 expansion bus, a VME internal
- expansion connector. See VME bus.
-
- The Falcon has two internal expansion buses which consists of two male sockets
- each, one 30-pin (two rows of fifteen) and the other 50-pin (two rows of 25).
- The processor direct slot is designed to be used for third party expansion
- boards, such as for IBM PC 386 emulation and JPEG and MPEG video boards. The
- smaller connector carries the sixteen data lines (upper sixteen bits of the
- 68030 data bus D16-D31) and the 23 address lines (lower 23 bits of the 68030
- address bus) are carried on the other larger connector. 16 MHz and 500 kHz
- clock signals are provided. This expansion bus essentially includes a 68000
- direct microprocessor interface with some of the signals being synthesized
- from the 68030 equivalents. As with the Mega ST port, no signal should ever be
- connected to more than one equivalent TTL load.
-
- The other expansion connector is for the custom RAM expansion board and has 32
- data lines and 24 address lines. The presence of one board is required.
- Upgrading the RAM on the Falcon means that the old board is taken out and the
- new one inserted.
-
- The Falcon also has an internal IDE connector consisting of a 44-pin male
- socket for a 2.5 inch IDE hard disk drive. See the Connectors Appendix C.
-
-
- Expert system
- An interactive database of a particular speciality (medicine, geology) which,
- when accessed and queried, gives output similar to that given by a 'real'
- human expert.
-
-
- Exponent
- A number or symbol written to the upper right of another to indicate its
- power, such as 2^3 meaning 2 x 2 x 2.
-
-
- Export
- To save data in a program in a form which is intended to be read by another
- program, such as exporting an image of a bar graph from a spreadsheet program
- to load into a report being written in a DTP program.
-
-
- Expression
- Representation of a mathematical or logical condition, such as a = b + c.
-
-
- EXTEND.SYS
- A file necessary for the operation of FONTGDOS and FSMGDOS. It provides the
- means of communication between the user and FSMGDOS containing details of the
- caches' sizes and the point sizes of the scalable outline fonts. BITCACHE is
- the cache size used for storing the bitmapped fonts and should be set to a
- little larger than the biggest font file to be used. FSMCACHE has two
- parameters: the first is the cache for the scalable outline fonts and the
- third cache is used for internal buffers and data structures and its size
- depends on how many fonts are used and their point sizes. EXTEND.SYS details
- are normally altered by use of the FSM.ACC or FSM.CPX accessories. See
- FSMGDOS, FONTGDOS.
-
-
- Extender
- In MS-DOS and GEMDOS, the optional last three characters of a file name by
- convention describing its type, such a .PRG or .ACC.
-
-
- External call
- A call to a routine not compiled with the program in which it is called, such
- as a routine contained in the operating system.
-
-
- External interrupt
- An interrupt that is not caused by an event in the routine that is
- interrupted.
-
-
- External modem
- A free-standing modem not installed within the computer it serves.
-
-
- External storage
- Backing storage, storage that is neither main storage (RAM) or within the CPU.
- It usually refers to disks, tape etc. devices attached to the computer even if
- within the same casing.
-
-
- Extract
- To select those items of data that conform to certain criteria and remove to
- another storage location.
-
-
- E
- 95 entries
- EOF
-