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- [netinfo/us-domain.txt] [Jan 1992]
-
- The US Domain
- =============
-
- Introduction:
-
- The US domain is an official top-level domain in the Domain Name
- System (DNS) of the Internet community. It is registered with the
- Network Information Center (DDN-NIC). The domain administrators are
- Jon Postel and Ann Westine Cooper at the Information Sciences
- Institute of the University of Southern California (USC-ISI).
-
- The US domain hierarchy is based on political geography, that is, the US
- domain is subdivided into states, then cities, and so on. Any computer
- in the United States may be registered in the US domain.
-
- Typical host names in the US domain are:
-
- VIXIE.SF.CA.US
- DOGWOOD.ATL.GA.US
- KILLER.DALLAS.TX.US
- HOLODEK.SANTA-CRUZ.CA.US
- GRIAN.CPS.ALTADENA.CA.US
-
- Membership:
-
- Because many computers in the United States are already registered in
- the COM, EDU, and other top level domains, relatively few computers are
- currently registered in the US domain. However the US Domain is
- beginning to grow.
-
- In the past the computers registered the US Domain were primarily
- owned by small companies or individuals (and often located in homes).
- It is expected than many more computers of all types and belonging to
- all sizes of organizations will be registered in the US Domain.
-
- Large organizations or companies are also encouraged to register in
- the US Domain. Typically these have many hosts and will operate their
- own DNS name servers. The US Domain will delegate an appropriate part
- of the name space to such large organizations on the same terms as the
- NIC requires for delegations of portions of the COM or EDU domains.
-
- Administration:
-
- Currently, the US Domain and all of its subdivisions (i.e., states,
- cities etc.) are managed by the US Domain Registrar. The US Domain is
- just beginning to grow and we want to be careful about what names get
- used and how control is allocated until some usage patterns are
- established. We will run the servers for all the states in the US
- domain.
-
- Registration of a host in the US domain does not grant permission to use
- the Internet or its component networks. Any restrictions on sending
- mail through (or other use of) the Internet is independent of host
- registration in the US domain. Registration in the US domain does not
- allocate any IP address, or cause registration in HOSTS.TXT.
-
- There is no change in the procedures for registration in, or operation
- of, other top-level domains such as COM, EDU, GOV, MIL, NET, or ORG.
- These domains are not being moved under the US domain.
-
- Delegation:
-
- At some future point we will hand off the administration of individual
- states to appropriate responsible people, probably in the state they
- administer. Early experience shows that delegation of cities and of
- companies within cities is most practical. The delegated part of the
- name space will most likely be in the form of
- <org-name>.<city>.<state>.US.
-
- For example: IBM.ARMONK.NY.US.
-
- Generally, organizations requesting delegations must provide at least
- two independent DNS name servers in physically separate locations on
- the Internet that provide the the domain service for translating names
- to addresses in this domain.
-
- The state codes are those assigned by the US Postal Service. Cities
- may be named (designated) by their full name (spelled out with hyphens
- replacing spaces (e.g., Los-Angeles or New-York)), or by a city code.
- The first choice is the full city name, the second choice is the city
- codes from Western Union's "City Mnemonics" list, and a third choice
- is a code for your city that you choose. However, it is very
- desirable that all users in the same city use the same designator for
- the city.
-
- For example: Joes-Bar.Santa-Monica.CA.US
-
- Groups:
-
- The administrator of a company or the organizer of a group (or "domain
- park") of users with individual hosts may coordinate the registration of
- the group by forwarding all the information for the group to the US
- Domain Administrator.
-
- In this case, the explicit specific information for each host must be
- provided. All fully qualified names must be unique. If a host is not
- directly on the Internet an MX record is required pointing to an
- Internet host for forwarding. The forwarding host must be directly on
- the Internet (that is, have an IP address), no "double MX-ing" is
- allowed.
-
- A group coordinator of, for example, the Computer Club in Chicago (CLUB),
- could arrange to coordinate the registration of all the computers used
- by members of the club. The registered names might have the form:
-
- ALPHA.CLUB.CHI.IL.US MX 10 CS.CHICAGO-U.EDU
-
- Only hosts on the Internet can act as forwarding hosts. Hosts on
- networks such as UUCP, and BITNET, must be registered with an
- Internet forwarding host. When registering a destination host in the US
- domain with an MX record, the requester is responsible for also
- registering the destination host with the administrator of the
- forwarding host.
-
- For example, when a message is sent to "Susan@ALPHA.CLUB.CHI.IL.US"
- it will be routed to the Internet host "CS.CHICAGO-U.EDU" as directed
- by the MX record. The host "CS.CHICAGO-U.EDU" must know some way of
- delivering the message to the host "ALPHA.CLUB.CHI.IL.US" (uucp, slip,
- whatever). So the destination host (ALPHA.CLUB.CHI.IL.US) must be
- known to (registered with) the forwarding host (CS.CHICAGO-U.EDU), as
- well as being registered in the US domain DNS database.
-
- The administrator of the destination host must make an agreement with
- the administrator of the forwarding host for the forwarding service.
- This agreement must be in place before the request for registration is
- sent to the US Domain Administrator.
-
- Other Networks:
-
- A section of the DNS database is called a "zone". With careful
- coordination, a domain (like EDU) can be divided into several zones.
- This has been done for the EDU and COM domains to aid in the
- registration of hosts from the UUCP, and BITNET communities. If
- a host is registered in the UUCP, or BITNET, portion of a domain (as
- something.EDU or something.COM), it need not be registered in the US
- domain, unless a geographical name (something.city.state.US) is
- desired.
-
- If a host is in a UUCP, or BITNET, network, it doesn't need to
- register in the US domain, unless it wants to be registered with a
- geographical DNS domain name.
-
- Only hosts on the Internet can act as forwarding hosts. Hosts on
- networks such as UUCP,or BITNET, etc., must affiliate their hosts
- with an Internet host. This is necessary because when messages for
- your host arrive at the Internet host it will need to know where to
- forward them. MX records are necessary.
-
- Unique Name:
-
- It is the policy that a computer must have a single primary name, so it
- should not be registered in both US and COM (or both US and EDU). It is
- possible to have "nicknames" for a brief period while a host name change
- is in progress.
-
- Wild Cards:
-
- While we strongly believe that it is in everyone's interest and good
- for the Internet to have each host explicitly registered (that is, we
- believe that wild cards should not be used), we also realize that not
- everyone agrees with this belief. Thus, we will allow wild card
- records in the US domain under groups or organizations. For example,
- "*.BIRDSONG.SUVL.CA.US".
-
- Servers:
-
- The US domain is currently supported by four name servers:
-
- VENERA.ISI.EDU, VAXA.ISI.EDU, HERCULES.CSL.SRI.COM, and NNSC.NSF.NET.
-
- Cost:
-
- Currently, there is no cost for registering a host in the US domain.
-
- References:
-
- RFC-974, Partridge, C., "Mail Routing and the Domain Name System".
- RFC-1034, Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities".
- RFC-1035, Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification".
-
- Registration:
-
- To register in the US Domain send a message to the US Domain Registrar
- (Cooper@ISI.EDU). The response will be a US Domain Questionnaire for
- you to fill out.
-
- In several cities a "coordinator" has volunteered to process requests
- locally and communicate with the US Domain Registrar on behalf of all
- interested users in that city, or organization within that city. If
- in your request we see that you are in a city or organization with a
- coordinator we will refer you to that coordinator.
-
- More Information:
-
- For more information about the US domain please contact:
- Ann Westine Cooper at (COOPER@ISI.EDU).
-
-
-
-
- August 1990
-
-
-
- US DOMAIN QUESTIONNAIRE FOR HOST ENTRY
-
-
- To register a host in the US domain, the following information must be
- sent to the US Domain Registrar, Ann Westine Cooper (COOPER@ISI.EDU).
- Questions may be sent by electronic mail to the above address, or by
- phone at (213-822- 1511).
-
-
- (1) The name of the top-level domain to join.
-
- For example: US
-
-
- (2) The name of the administrative head of the organization, including
- title, mailing address, phone number, organization, and network
- mailbox. This is the contact point for administrative and policy
- questions about the domain. In the case of a research project,
- this should be the principal investigator.
-
- For example:
-
- Administrator
-
- Organization The NetWorthy Corporation
- Name Penelope Q. Sassafrass
- Title President
- Mail Address The NetWorthy Corporation
- 4676 Andrews Way, Suite 100
- Santa Clara, CA 94302-1212
- Phone Number (415) 123-4567
- Net Mailbox Sassafrass@ECHO.TNC.COM
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- Postel & Cooper [Page 1]
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- Domain Questionnaire August 1991
-
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- (3) The name of the technical contact for the entry, including title,
- mailing address, phone number, organization, and network mailbox.
- This is the contact point for problems concerning the domain or
- zone, as well as for updating information about the domain or zone.
-
- For example:
-
- Technical Contact
-
- Organization The NetWorthy Corporation
- Name Ansel A. Aardvark
- Title Executive Director
- Mail Address The NetWorthy Corporation
- 4676 Andrews Way, Suite 100
- Santa Clara, CA. 94302-1212
- Phone Number (415) 123-6789
- Net Mailbox Aardvark@ECHO.TNC.COM
-
-
- (4) The name of the host. This is the name that will be used in tables
- and lists associating the domain with the domain server addresses.
- [While, from a technical standpoint, domain names can be quite long
- (programmers beware), shorter names are easier for people to cope
- with.]
-
- For example: NetWorthy.Santa-Clara.CA.US
-
- Or: Alpha.NetWorthy.Santa-Clara.CA.US
- Beta.NetWorthy.Santa-Clara.CA.US
-
-
- (5) If this machine is not directly on the internet, how does it
- communicate with the Internet. Through UUCP, CREN, etc? Which
- forwarding host?
-
- For example: The host "Networthy.Santa-Clara.CA.US" uses UUCP
- to connect to "RELAY.ISI.EDU" which is an Internet host.
-
- The administrator of RELAY.ISI.EDU must agree to be the
- forwarding host for Networthy.Santa-Clara.CA.US, and the
- forwarding host must know a delivery method and route to it.
- No double MXing.
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- Postel & Cooper [Page 2]
-
- Domain Questionnaire August 1991
-
-
- If you are requesting an indirect connection, that is, a Mail
- Exchanger (MX) record, what is the name and mailbox of the
- administrator of the forwarding host.
-
- For example:John Smith
- js@RELAY.ISI.EDU
-
-
- (6) Please describe your organization briefly.
-
- For example: The NetWorthy Corporation is a consulting
- organization of people working with UNIX and the C language in an
- electronic networking environment. It sponsors two technical
- conferences annually and distributes a bimonthly newsletter.
-
-
- (7) What Domain Name System (DNS) Resource Records (RR) and values are
- to be entered.
-
- a. A Internet Address (internet hosts only)
- b. HINFO Host Information, Machine System
- c. WKS Well Known Services, Protocols, Ports (internet hosts only)
- d. MX Mail Exchanger (required for UUCP, and CREN hosts)
-
- An example of RRs for an internet host.
-
- NetWorthy.Santa-Clara.CA.US IN A 128.9.3.123
- IN HINFO SUN-3/11OC UNIX
- IN MX 10 ISI.EDU
- IN WKS 128.9.3.123. UDP (echo
- tftp)
- IN WKS 128.9.3.133. TCP (telnet
- ftp
- tftp
- finger)
-
- An example of RRs for a non-internet host.
-
- Beta.NetWorthy.Santa-Clara.CA.US MX 10 RELAY.ISI.EDU
- HINFO SUN-3/11OC UNIX
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- Postel & Cooper [Page 3]
-
- Domain Questionnaire August 1991
-
-
- (8) Where is the IN-ADDR pointer record to be entered. (For internet
- hosts only.) It is your responsibility to see that this is done.
- Contact the administrator of the IP network your host is on.
-
- For example:
-
- 123.3.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR NetWorthy.Santa-Clara.CA.US
-
- Who is the contact for the zone of the IN-ADDR.ARPA data, where
- this record will be entered?
-
-
- (9) What Time to Live (TTL)? TTL is the time (in seconds) that a
- resolver will use the data it got from the domain server before it
- asks it again for the data. A typical TTL is One Week 604800.
- (NOTE: TTL is not applicable to non-Internet hosts.)
-
- For example:
-
- One Week 604800
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- Postel & Cooper [Page 4]
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