Forum of Incident Response & Security Teams/Forum_of_Incident_Response_and_Security_Teams_FIRST_October_1994.iso/00readme.txt

Text File | 1994-07-04 | 178KB | 2,047 lines

             FFFFoooorrrruuuummmm ooooffff IIIInnnncccciiiiddddeeeennnntttt RRRReeeessssppppoooonnnnsssseeee aaaannnndddd SSSSeeeeccccuuuurrrriiiittttyyyy TTTTeeeeaaaammmmssss
               1111999999994444 SSSSeeeeccccuuuurrrriiiittttyyyy TTTToooooooollllssss aaaannnndddd TTTTeeeecccchhhhnnnniiiiqqqquuuueeeessss CCCCDDDD----RRRROOOOMMMM

                               _J_u_l_y, _1_9_9_4




_I_n_t_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n

Welcome to the FIRST 1994 Security Tools and Techniques CD-ROM.  On this
disc,  you  will  find over 275 megabytes of information related to com-
puter and data security, including over one hundred  papers  on  various
topics,  over  fifty  software packages for UNIX systems, numerous virus
scanners and similar tools for PCs and Macs, complete collections of the
advisories  issued  by many of the FIRST member teams, password cracking
dictionaries, summaries of computer-related laws by state  and  country,
electronic ``hacker'' magazines, and more.  The information contained on
the FIRST CD-ROM has been collected from anonymous FTP sites around  the
world.   Indeed, that is the primary purpose of the disc:  to collect in
a single place the information and tools that are  scattered  about  the
Internet,  so  that you, the user, can have a single place from which to
obtain them.

             _TTTT_HHHH_EEEE _MMMM_AAAA_TTTT_EEEE_RRRR_IIII_AAAA_LLLL _OOOO_NNNN _TTTT_HHHH_IIII_SSSS _CCCC_DDDD_----_RRRR_OOOO_MMMM _IIII_SSSS _PPPP_RRRR_OOOO_VVVV_IIII_DDDD_EEEE_DDDD _AAAA_SSSS_----_IIII_SSSS

     We (the Forum of Incident Response  and  Security  Teams,  the
     United  States  Government,  Purdue  University,  and David A.
     Curry) disclaim all warranties with regard to the contents  of
     this disc, including all implied warranties of merchantibility
     and fitness.  In no event shall we be liable for any  special,
     indirect  or  consequential  damages or any damages whatsoever
     resulting from loss of use, data or  profits,  whether  in  an
     action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, aris-
     ing out of or in connection with the use or performance of the
     contents of this disc.

                _UUUU_SSSS_EEEE _OOOO_FFFF _TTTT_HHHH_IIII_SSSS _MMMM_AAAA_TTTT_EEEE_RRRR_IIII_AAAA_LLLL _IIII_SSSS _AAAA_TTTT _YYYY_OOOO_UUUU_RRRR _OOOO_WWWW_NNNN _RRRR_IIII_SSSS_KKKK

     The material on this disc has been collected via the  Internet
     from  anonymous  FTP  sites all over the world.  No effort has
     been made to verify that the software thus  obtained  is  free
     from  viruses, Trojan horses, or other forms of malicious pro-
     gramming.  No effort has been made to verify that the software
     performs  as  its  authors  claim,  or  that it even compiles.
     Before making use of any of this software, we  recommend  that
     you  examine  the  source code, if available, and be sure that
     you believe it to be free of  malicious  code.   Likewise,  we
     recommend  that  you  scan  binary programs for viruses before
     installing or executing them on your system.  In short,  treat
     this  material with the same caution and care you would use if
     you had FTPed it yourself.





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                                 - 2 -


_D_i_s_k _F_o_r_m_a_t

This CD-ROM is formatted according to the ISO-9660  standard,  which  is
based  on  a  _d_e  _f_a_c_t_o industry standard format called ``High Sierra.''
The ISO-9660 format is very portable; nearly every system that  supports
CD-ROMs supports the ISO-9660 format in addition to any operating system
specific formats the system  offers.   Most  systems  that  support  the
``High  Sierra''  format  (such  as  SunOS  4.1._x) will also support the
ISO-9660 format.  If you're not sure whether or not your system supports
this  format,  the easiest way to find out is just to try it.  Since the
CD-ROM is a read-only media, you can't do any permanent damage.

Unfortunately, to obtain the maximum portability between operating  sys-
tems,  the designers of the ISO-9660 format had to impose rather serious
constraints on the file and directory naming scheme that could be  used.
An ISO-9660 file system is very much like the one offered by MS-DOS:

     +o     File and directory names may contain only upper-case letters,
          digits, and underscore characters.

     +o     File names consist of a 0-8 character  base  name,  a  period
          (`.'),  and  a  0-3 character extension name.  Either the base
          name or the extension name (but not both) may be missing.

     +o     A version number, separated from the file  name  by  a  semi-
          colon (e.g., ``;1'') is required for all file names.

     +o     Directory names consist of a  0-8  character  base  name,  no
          period, and no extension name.

     +o     A maximum of eight levels of  directories  are  allowed,  and
          only 510 files may appear in any directory.  A path name (com-
          plete file name as specified from the top-level directory)  is
          limited to a total length of 65 characters.

     +o     No facilities are provided for file ownership, access permis-
          sions, links, and so forth.

When you use an ISO-9660 format disc on most UNIX  systems,  the  CD-ROM
driver  typically  makes some silent modifications to the ISO-9660 names
so that they follow UNIX conventions.  For  example,  many  systems  map
alphabetic characters to lower case, hide the version numbers, and some-
times hide trailing periods.  They typically give all files  and  direc-
tories a permission mode of 0555 (r-xr-xr-x).

In the table of contents on the following pages, all file and  directory
names  are  shown  in lower case, and version numbers are not shown (all
files have version number ``;1'').  If your system displays  upper  case
names  and/or  version  numbers and does not map lower case letters into
upper case or automatically append version numbers when needed, you will
have to make these conversions yourself when accessing the disc.  Within
path names in the table of contents, the  UNIX  convention  of  using  a
slash    (``/'')    to    separate    path    name   components   (e.g.,
/_o_n_e/_t_w_o/_t_h_r_e_e/_f_i_l_e._t_x_t) is  used.   If  your  system  uses  some  other



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 3 -


convention,  such  as  the backslash (``\'') of MS-DOS, you will have to
make this conversion yourself as well.

_F_i_l_e _N_a_m_e _E_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n_s

For each file on the disc, the file name extension is used  to  indicate
the  format  of  the file.  The extensions in use on this edition of the
disc are:

     _...._hhhh_qqqq_xxxx         A BinHex'd file for  the  Macintosh.   Use  BinHex  or
                  StuffIt to debinhex the file.

     _...._pppp_ssss          PostScript, the page description language from  Adobe.
                  You  can send this to a laser printer that understands
                  PostScript, such as any Apple LaserWriter, or most  of
                  the  newer Hewlett-Packaer LaserJet printers.  You can
                  also preview it on the screen using a PostScript  pre-
                  viewer such as ghostscript.

     _...._ssss_eeee_aaaa         A BinHex'd self-extracting Compact Pro archive for the
                  Macintosh.   Use  Compact  Pro,  BinHex, or StuffIt to
                  debinhex  the  files,  then  double   click   on   the
                  debinhexed files to extract the files from the compac-
                  tor archives.

     _...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr         A UNIX ``tar'' (tape archive) file.   This  file  con-
                  tains  an  archive of other files and directories.  It
                  can be extracted into the current directory on a  UNIX
                  system  by  using  the command tar -xvf _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_nnnn_aaaa_mmmm_eeee, or a
                  table of contents of the  archive  can  be  listed  by
                  using  the  command  tar  -tvf  _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_nnnn_aaaa_mmmm_eeee.   For PC and
                  Macintosh users, some public-domain programs that  can
                  read  UNIX  ``tar'' archives have been supplied in the
                  _aaaa_rrrr_cccc_hhhh_pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg directory on the disc.

     _...._tttt_xxxx_tttt         Plain ASCII text.  May contain backspaces  for  under-
                  lining  or  bold  face,  and  may occasionally contain
                  non-ASCII (but usually ISO Latin-1)  symbols  such  as
                  letters with diacritical marks.

     _...._zzzz_iiii_pppp         A ``zip'' archive file.  This file contains an archive
                  of  other  files  and  directories, and is in a format
                  that is commonly used on MS-DOS systems.   It  can  be
                  extracted into the current directory using the command
                  unzip _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_nnnn_aaaa_mmmm_eeee.  For UNIX and  Macintosh  users,  some
                  public-domain  programs that can read ``zip'' archives
                  has been supplied in the  _aaaa_rrrr_cccc_hhhh_pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg  directory  on  the
                  disc.









                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 4 -


_1.  _T_h_e _T_o_p-_L_e_v_e_l _D_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y

At the top level  of  the  CD-ROM  directory  tree,  the  collection  of
software,  papers,  and  so  forth  has  been  subdivided  into  several
categories.  Each category is contained in its own  directory;  most  of
the  categories  have  been further subdivided into subdirectories.  The
rest of this document provides a detailed listing of each  file  on  the
disc, and a brief description of its contents.

At the top level, the following subdirectories are available:

     _aaaa_rrrr_cccc_hhhh_pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg     Software for various platforms  to  read  the  archive
                  files stored on the rest of the disc.

     _eeee_tttt_hhhh_iiii_cccc_ssss       A collection  of  ``ethics''  documents  and  computer
                  usage  policies,  maintained  by  Dave  Grisham of the
                  University of New Mexico.

     _mmmm_aaaa_iiii_llll_llll_iiii_ssss_tttt     Archives of various security-related mailing lists and
                  electronically distributed journals and magazines.

     _pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss       Research papers, journal articles, documentation,  and
                  other  information  on  a wide variety of computer and
                  data security-related topics.

     _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_dddd_iiii_cccc_tttt     A collection of password cracking dictionaries.

     _pppp_oooo_llll_iiii_cccc_iiii_eeee_ssss     A collection of policies on vaious topics,  maintained
                  as part of the Computers and Academic Freedom archives
                  of the Electronic Freedom Foundation.

     _ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee     Public domain (or  freely  available)  software  tools
                  that  are  releated  to  computer security or incident
                  response.  Some of these programs are directed at com-
                  puter  security,  others  have  primary purposes doing
                  other things, but can be useful in the security  field
                  as well.  Where possible, source code is provided.  In
                  cases where binaries only are provided,  use  them  at
                  your own risk.

     _tttt_eeee_aaaa_mmmm_iiii_nnnn_ffff_oooo     Information about and provided  by  the  FIRST  member
                  teams.  Includes advisories, articles, etc.

_1._1.  _////_aaaa_rrrr_cccc_hhhh_pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg

The _////_aaaa_rrrr_cccc_hhhh_pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg directory contains software for various platforms to  read
the  archive  files  stored  on the rest of the disc.  The files in this
directory are:

     _dddd_oooo_ssss_tttt_aaaa_rrrr_...._zzzz_iiii_pppp   An MS-DOS  implementation  of  the  tar  _cccc_oooo_mmmm_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_,,,,  _ffff_oooo_rrrr
                  _eeee_xxxx_tttt_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg _````_````_tttt_aaaa_rrrr_''''_'''' _ffff_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_aaaa_tttt _aaaa_rrrr_cccc_hhhh_iiii_vvvv_eeee _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss_....

     _mmmm_aaaa_cccc_tttt_aaaa_rrrr_...._hhhh_qqqq_xxxx   A Macintosh implementation of  the  tar  _cccc_oooo_mmmm_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_,,,,  _ffff_oooo_rrrr
                  _eeee_xxxx_tttt_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _````_````_tttt_aaaa_rrrr_''''_''''  _ffff_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_aaaa_tttt  _aaaa_rrrr_cccc_hhhh_iiii_vvvv_eeee  _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss_....   _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 5 -


                  _4444_...._0000_bbbb_....

     _mmmm_aaaa_cccc_uuuu_nnnn_zzzz_iiii_pppp_...._hhhh_qqqq_xxxx The Info-ZIP Macintosh  implementation  of  the  unzip
                  _cccc_oooo_mmmm_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_,,,,  _ffff_oooo_rrrr _eeee_xxxx_tttt_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg _````_````_zzzz_iiii_pppp_''''_'''' _ffff_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_aaaa_tttt _aaaa_rrrr_cccc_hhhh_iiii_vvvv_eeee _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss_....
                  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _5555_...._1111_....

     _uuuu_nnnn_xxxx_uuuu_nnnn_zzzz_iiii_pppp_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The Info-ZIP UNIX implementation of the unzip _cccc_oooo_mmmm_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_,,,,
                  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _eeee_xxxx_tttt_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg _````_````_zzzz_iiii_pppp_''''_'''' _ffff_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_aaaa_tttt _aaaa_rrrr_cccc_hhhh_iiii_vvvv_eeee _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn
                  _5555_...._1111_....

_1._2.  _////_eeee_tttt_hhhh_iiii_cccc_ssss

The _////_eeee_tttt_hhhh_iiii_cccc_ssss directory contains a collection of ``ethics'' documents  and
computer usage policies, maintained by Dave Grisham of the University of
New Mexico.

_1._3.  _////_mmmm_aaaa_iiii_llll_llll_iiii_ssss_tttt

The _////_mmmm_aaaa_iiii_llll_llll_iiii_ssss_tttt directory  contains  the  archives  of  various  security-
related  mailing lists and electronically distributed journals and maga-
zines.  The subdirectories in this directory are:

     _bbbb_uuuu_gggg_tttt_rrrr_aaaa_qqqq      The  archives  of   the   [e-mail]   _ffff_uuuu_llll_llll_----
                  _dddd_iiii_ssss_cccc_llll_oooo_ssss_uuuu_rrrr_eeee _ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy _hhhh_oooo_llll_eeee _mmmm_aaaa_iiii_llll_iiii_nnnn_gggg _llll_iiii_ssss_tttt_....

     _cccc_uuuu_dddd          The Computer Underground Digest electronic magazine.

     _ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll     The archives of the [e-mail]  _mmmm_aaaa_iiii_llll_iiii_nnnn_gggg
                  _llll_iiii_ssss_tttt_....

     _nnnn_iiii_aaaa          The Network Information Access electronic magazine.

     _pppp_hhhh_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_kkkk       The Phrack electronic magazine.

     _ssss_uuuu_rrrr_ffff_pppp_uuuu_nnnn_kkkk     The SURFPUNK Technical Journal electronic magazine.

     _vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss______llll      The archives of the [e-mail] _mmmm_aaaa_iiii_llll_iiii_nnnn_gggg _llll_iiii_ssss_tttt_....

_1._4.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss directory contains research papers, journal articles,  docu-
mentation,  and other information on a wide variety of computer and data
security-related topics.  Within the _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss  directory,  the  following
subdirectories are available:

     _aaaa_uuuu_tttt_hhhh_eeee_nnnn_tttt      Documents related to authentication of users, communi-
                  cations, and hosts.

     _cccc_rrrr_iiii_tttt_eeee_rrrr_iiii_aaaa     Documents related to security evaluation criteria  for
                  computer systems and protocols.

     _cccc_rrrr_yyyy_pppp_tttt_oooo       Documents  related  to  cryptograhic   protocols   and
                  methods.




                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 6 -


     _ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll     Documents related to the construction and use of  net-
                  work firewalls.

     _gggg_eeee_nnnn_eeee_rrrr_aaaa_llll      Documents that cover computer security in general  and
                  other miscellaneous topics.

     _llll_eeee_gggg_aaaa_llll        Documents related to computer security, the  law,  and
                  ethics.

     _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd     Documents related to passwords.

     _pppp_rrrr_oooo_tttt_oooo_cccc_oooo_llll     Documents related to the design of secure network pro-
                  tocols,  and to the security analysis of existing pro-
                  tocols.

     _uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx         Documents related to the security of the UNIX  operat-
                  ing system.

     _vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss        Documents related to  computer  viruses,  worms,  etc.
                  The Internet Worm papers are in this directory.

_1._4._1.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_aaaa_uuuu_tttt_hhhh_eeee_nnnn_tttt

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_aaaa_uuuu_tttt_hhhh_eeee_nnnn_tttt directory contains documents related to  authentica-
tion  of  users, communications, and hosts.  The files in this directory
are:

     _kkkk_eeee_rrrr_bbbb_eeee_rrrr_oooo_ssss_...._pppp_ssss  Steiner, Jennifer  G.,  Clifford  Neuman,  Jeffrey  I.
                  Schiller.   ``Kerberos:  An Authentication Service for
                  Open Network Systems.''  A description of the Kerberos
                  authentication system.

     _kkkk_eeee_rrrr_bbbb_dddd_iiii_aaaa_llll_...._pppp_ssss  Bryant, Bill.  ``Designing an Authentication System: A
                  Dialogue  in  Four  Scenes.''  A ``play'' in which the
                  characters end up designing an  authentication  system
                  much  like  Kerberos.   Provides an easy-to-understand
                  description of why Kerberos is the way it is.

     _kkkk_eeee_rrrr_bbbb_llll_iiii_mmmm_...._pppp_ssss   Bellovin, Steven M. and  Michael  Merritt.   ``Limita-
                  tions  of  the  Kerberos  Authentication  System.''  A
                  description of some limitations and weaknesses in  the
                  Kerberos authentication system.

     _kkkk_kkkk_nnnn_iiii_gggg_hhhh_tttt_...._pppp_ssss   Molva,  Refik,  Gene  Tsudik,  Els  Van   Herreweghen,
                  Stefano  Zatti.  ``KryptoKnight Authentication and Key
                  Distribution System.'' An authentication and key  dis-
                  tribution  system  that provides facilities for secure
                  communication in any type of network environment.

     _llll_oooo_nnnn_gggg_jjjj_oooo_bbbb_ssss_...._pppp_ssss  Rubin, A. D. and P. Honeyman.  ``Long Running Jobs  in
                  an  Authenticated Environment.''  A system for running
                  batch jobs in an environment in which users must  have
                  tokens or tickets to run.




                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 7 -


     _nnnn_tttt_nnnn_...._pppp_ssss       Neuman, B. Clifford and Stuart  G.  Stubblebine.   ``A
                  Note  on the Use of Timestamps as Nonces.''  A note on
                  the use of timestamps in authentication protocols.

_1._4._2.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_cccc_rrrr_iiii_tttt_eeee_rrrr_iiii_aaaa

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_cccc_rrrr_iiii_tttt_eeee_rrrr_iiii_aaaa directory contains documents  related  to  security
evaluation  criteria  for  computer systems and protocols.  The files in
this directory are:

     _cccc_tttt_cccc_pppp_eeee_cccc_1111_...._pppp_ssss   ``Canadian Trusted Computer  Product  Evaluation  Cri-
                  teria, Part 1.''  The Canadian ``Orange Book.''

     _cccc_tttt_cccc_pppp_eeee_cccc_2222_...._pppp_ssss   ``Canadian Trusted Computer  Product  Evaluation  Cri-
                  teria, Part 2.''  The Canadian ``Orange Book.''

     _eeee_xxxx_eeee_gggg_uuuu_iiii_dddd_eeee_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt Helsing, Cheryl, Marianne Swanson, and Mary Anne Todd.
                  ``Executive  Guide  to  the  Protection of Information
                  Resources.''  A U.S. National Institute  of  Standards
                  and Technology publication.

     _ffff_cccc_vvvv_oooo_llll_1111_...._pppp_ssss    ``Federal Criteria for  Information  Technology  Secu-
                  rity, Volume 1.''  The new ``Orange Book.''

     _ffff_cccc_vvvv_oooo_llll_2222_...._pppp_ssss    ``Federal Criteria for  Information  Technology  Secu-
                  rity, Volume 2.''  The new ``Orange Book.''

     _gggg_rrrr_eeee_eeee_nnnn_bbbb_kkkk_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt  ``Green Book on the Security of Information Systems.''
                  A  document  that  sets  out the development of a con-
                  sistent approach to Information  Security  in  Europe,
                  taking  into account common interests with other coun-
                  tries.

     _hhhh_aaaa_rrrr_mmmm_oooo_nnnn_yyyy_...._pppp_ssss   ``Foundations for  the  Harmonization  of  Information
                  Technology  Security  Standards.''  An analysis of the
                  differences between the U.S., Canadian,  and  European
                  Information  Technology  Security efforts, and discus-
                  sions of how to make them more similar.

     _hhhh_oooo_rrrr_ssss_eeee_ssss_...._pppp_ssss    Hambridge, Sally and Jeffrey C. Sedayao.  ``Horses and
                  Barn  Doors:   Evolution  of  Corporate Guidelines for
                  Internet Usage.''  A description of how Intel  Corp.'s
                  Internet usage policies were developed.

     _iiii_nnnn_tttt_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_tttt_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt Pethia, R., S. Crocker, and B.  Fraser.   ``Guidelines
                  for the Secure Operation of the Internet - RFC 1281.''
                  Provides a set of guidelines  to  aid  in  the  secure
                  operation of the Internet.

     _iiii_tttt_ssss_eeee_cccc_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt    ``Information  Technology  Security  Evaluation   Cri-
                  teria.''  The European ``Orange Book.''

     _mmmm_gggg_tttt_gggg_uuuu_iiii_dddd_eeee_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt Helsing, Cheryl, Marianne Swanson, and Mary Anne Todd.
                  ``Management  Guide  to  the Protection of Information



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 8 -


                  Resources.''  A U.S. National Institute  of  Standards
                  and Technology publication.

     _oooo_ssss_ssss          Karila,  Arto  T.   This  subdirectory  contains   the
                  PostScript files that make up ``Open Systems Security:
                  An  Architectural  Framework.''  Thesis   dissertation
                  presenting  an  architecture  for building secure open
                  systems communication via untrusted global  data  net-
                  works.

     _pppp_ssss_ffff_oooo_ssss_...._pppp_ssss     Neuman, B. Clifford.  ``Protection and Security Issues
                  for  Future Systems.''  An examination of the problems
                  of protection and security as applied to  future  com-
                  puter systems.

     _rrrr_eeee_llll_aaaa_tttt_eeee_...._pppp_ssss    ``Relating  Functionality  Class  and  Security   Sub-
                  Profile  Specifications.''   A  discussion  of various
                  alternatives for associating functionality  class  and
                  security  sub-profiile  specifications,  such as those
                  presented  in  the  Federal  Criteria  (_ffff_cccc_vvvv_oooo_llll_1111_...._pppp_ssss  and
                  _ffff_cccc_vvvv_oooo_llll_2222_...._pppp_ssss).

     _tttt_cccc_ssss_eeee_cccc_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt    ``Department  of  Defense  Trusted   Computer   System
                  Evaluation Criteria.''  The ``Orange Book.''

_1._4._3.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_cccc_rrrr_yyyy_pppp_tttt_oooo

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_cccc_rrrr_yyyy_pppp_tttt_oooo directory contains documents related to cryptographic
protocols and methods.  The files in this directory are:

     _aaaa_cccc_mmmm_cccc_rrrr_yyyy_pppp_tttt_...._pppp_ssss  Landan, Susan, et al.  ``Codes, Keys,  and  Conflicts:
                  Issues in U.S.  Crypto Policy.'' A report of a special
                  panel of the ACM (Association for Computing Machinery)
                  U.S. Public Policy Committee.

     _aaaa_eeee_kkkk_eeee_...._pppp_ssss      Bellovin, Steven M. and Michael Merritt.   ``Augmented
                  Encrypted  Key  Exchange:  A  Password-Based  Protocol
                  Secure Against Dictionary Attacks  and  Password  File
                  Compromise.''   An extension of the protocol described
                  in _nnnn_eeee_kkkk_eeee_...._pppp_ssss that removes the requirement that the  host
                  store passwords in cleartext.

     _cccc_ffff_ssss_...._pppp_ssss       Blaze,  Matt.   ``A  Cryptographic  File  System   for
                  Unix.''  A description of a UNIX file system implemen-
                  tation  that  provides  transparent   encryption   and
                  decryption of files stored on the disk.

     _cccc_ffff_ssss_kkkk_eeee_yyyy_...._pppp_ssss    Blaze, Matt.  ``Key Management in an  Encrypting  File
                  System.''  A description of how ``smart cards'' can be
                  used to manage the keys used by  the  encryption  file
                  system described in _cccc_ffff_ssss_...._pppp_ssss.

     _dddd_eeee_ssss_...._pppp_ssss       Feldmeier,  David  C.   ``A  High-Speed  Software  DES
                  Implementation.''   Describes  a  high-speed  software



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 9 -


                  implementation of the Data Encryption Standard.

     _dddd_eeee_ssss_bbbb_rrrr_eeee_aaaa_kkkk_...._pppp_ssss  Wayner, Peter C.  ``Using  Content-Addressable  Search
                  Engines  to  Encrypt  and  Break DES.''  A very simple
                  parallel  architecture  using  a  modifed  version  of
                  content-addressable  memory can be used to cheaply and
                  efficiently encipher and decipher data  with  DES-like
                  systems.   Describes  how  to implement these systems,
                  and also how to construct a  large  scale  engine  for
                  exhaustively searching the keyspace of DES.

     _eeee_eeee_ssss_pppp_rrrr_oooo_tttt_oooo_...._pppp_ssss  Blaze,  Matt.   ``Protocol  Failure  in  the  Escrowed
                  Encryption Standard.''  A description of some protocol
                  weaknesses in the  Clinton  administration's  Escrowed
                  Encryption Standard, also known as the Clipper Chip.

     _ffff_aaaa_iiii_llll_...._pppp_ssss      Anderson, Ross.  ``Why Cryptosystems Fail.''  A survey
                  of  the  failure  modes of retail banking systems, the
                  second largest application of cryptography.

     _nnnn_eeee_kkkk_eeee_...._pppp_ssss      Bellovin, Steven M. and Michael  Merrit.   ``Encrypted
                  Key Exchange:  Password-Based Protocols Secure Against
                  Dictionary Attacks.'' A  combination  of  public-  and
                  private-key cryptography that allows two parties shar-
                  ing a common password  to  exchange  confidential  and
                  authenticated  information  over  an insecure network.
                  The protocol is secure against active attack, and also
                  against off-line ``dictionary'' attacks.

     _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss         This subdirectory  contains  the  complete  family  of
                  Public-Key  Cryptography  Standards  from  RSA Labora-
                  tories.  They cover RSA encryption, Diffie-Hellman key
                  agreement,    password-based   encryption,   extended-
                  certificate  syntax,  cryptographic  message   syntax,
                  private-key   information  syntax,  and  certification
                  request syntax, as well as selected  attributes.   The
                  files in this subdirectory are:

                  _eeee_xxxx_aaaa_mmmm_pppp_llll_eeee_ssss_...._pppp_ssss  ``Some Examples of the PKCS Standards.''

                  _llll_aaaa_yyyy_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn_...._pppp_ssss    ``A Layman's Guide to a Subset of  ASN.1,
                               BER, and DER.''

                  _oooo_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_vvvv_iiii_eeee_wwww_...._pppp_ssss  ``An Overview of the PKCS Standards.''

                  _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss______1111_...._pppp_ssss    ``RSA Encryption Standard.''

                  _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss______2222_...._pppp_ssss    Deprecated.

                  _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss______3333_...._pppp_ssss    ``Diffie-Hellman   Key-Agreement    Stan-
                               dard.''

                  _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss______4444_...._pppp_ssss    Deprecated.




                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 10 -


                  _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss______5555_...._pppp_ssss    ``Password-Based Encryption Standard.''

                  _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss______6666_...._pppp_ssss    ``Extended-Certificate Syntax Standard.''

                  _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss______7777_...._pppp_ssss    ``Cryptographic  Message   Syntax   Stan-
                               dard.''

                  _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss______8888_...._pppp_ssss    ``Private-Key  Information  Syntax  Stan-
                               dard.''

                  _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss______9999_...._pppp_ssss    ``Selected Attribute Types.''

                  _pppp_kkkk_cccc_ssss______1111_0000_...._pppp_ssss   ``Certifcation Request Syntax Standard.''

     _pppp_rrrr_iiii_vvvv_kkkk_eeee_yyyy_...._pppp_ssss   Davis, Don and Ralph Swick.   ``Network  Security  via
                  Private-Key  Certificates.''  Some  practical security
                  protocols  that  use  private-key  encryption  in  the
                  public-key style.

     _rrrr_ssss_aaaa_ffff_aaaa_qqqq_...._pppp_ssss    Fahn, Paul.  ``Answers to Frequently  Asked  Questions
                  About Today's Cryptography.''

     _ssss_cccc_ffff_aaaa_qqqq_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt    Readers of _s_c_i._c_r_y_p_t.  ``Cryptography FAQ.''

     _ssss_kkkk_iiii_pppp_jjjj_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt Brickell, Ernest F., Dorothy E.  Denning,  Stephen  T.
                  Kent,  David P. Maher, and Walter Tuchman.  ``SKIPJACK
                  Review: Interim Report: The SKIPJACK Algorithm.''  The
                  report  from the group of non-government cryptologists
                  who reviewed the classified SKIPJACK encryption  algo-
                  rithm used in the Clinton administration's Clipper and
                  Capstone chips.

     _ssss_wwww_iiii_pppp_eeee_...._pppp_ssss     Ioannidis, John and Matt  Blaze.   ``The  Architecture
                  and  Implementation  of  Network  Layer Security Under
                  Unix.'' A description of a network-layer security pro-
                  tocol  for the IP protocol suite that provides authen-
                  tication,  integrity,  and   confidentiality   of   IP
                  datagrams.

     _vvvv_iiii_ssss_aaaa_...._pppp_ssss      Estrin,  Deborah,  Gene  Tsudik,  and  Jeffrey  Mogul.
                  ``Visa  Protocols for Controlling Inter-Organizational
                  Datagram Flow.''  A cryptographic method for authenti-
                  cating and authorizing a flow of datagrams.

     _vvvv_iiii_ssss_aaaa_eeee_xxxx_tttt_...._pppp_ssss   Estrin,  Deborah,  Gene  Tsudik,  and  Jeffrey  Mogul.
                  ``Visa  Protocols for Controlling Inter-Organizational
                  Datagram  Flow:  Extended  Description.''   A  crypto-
                  graphic  method  for  authenticating and authorizing a
                  flow of datagrams.

_1._4._4.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll directory contains documents related  to  the  con-
struction  and  use  of  network firewalls.  The files in this directory



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 11 -


are:

     _cccc_ssss_llll_aaaa_tttt_eeee_rrrr_...._pppp_ssss   Corbridge, Bruce, Robert Henig,  and  Charles  Slater.
                  ``Packet  Filtering  in an IP Router.''  A description
                  of how the packet filtering facility  in  the  Telebit
                  NetBlazer was designed and developed.

     _dddd_eeee_cccc_...._pppp_ssss       Ranum, Marcus J.  ``A Network Firewall.''  A  descrip-
                  tion   of   Digital  Equipment  Corporation's  network
                  firewall between its corporate network and the  Inter-
                  net.

     _ffff_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll_ssss_...._pppp_ssss    Ranum, Marcus  J.   ``Thinking  About  Firewalls.''  A
                  description  of  some of the considerations and trade-
                  offs in designing network firewalls.

     _gggg_aaaa_tttt_eeee_kkkk_eeee_eeee_pppp_...._pppp_ssss  Schauer, Herve' and Christphe Wolfhugel.  ``An Internet
                  Gatekeeper.''   A  description  of how to construct an
                  Internet firewall.

     _gggg_aaaa_tttt_eeee_wwww_aaaa_yyyy_...._pppp_ssss   Cheswick, Bill.  ``The Design  of  a  Secure  Internet
                  Gateway.''    A  description  of  the  design  of  the
                  firewall used by AT&T to protect their corporate  net-
                  work from the Internet.

     _iiii_ssss_oooo_cccc_9999_4444_...._pppp_ssss    Avolio, Frederick M. and Marcus J. Ranum.  ``A Network
                  Perimeter  With  Secure External Access.''  A descrip-
                  tion of the firewall in use at _w_h_i_t_e_h_o_u_s_e._g_o_v.

     _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt_ssss_...._pppp_ssss   Bellovin, Steven M.  ``Packets Found on an Internet.''
                  A  description  of  the types of packets, particularly
                  the  anomalous  ones,  that  appeared  at   the   AT&T
                  firewall.

     _pppp_kkkk_tttt_ffff_iiii_llll_tttt_...._pppp_ssss   Chapman, D. Brent.  ``Network (In)Security Through  IP
                  Packet  Filtering.''   A description of how to use the
                  packet filtering features of commercial routers  as  a
                  security tool.

     _ssss_cccc_rrrr_eeee_eeee_nnnn_...._pppp_ssss    Mogul, Jeffrey  C.   ``Simple  and  Flexible  Datagram
                  Access Controls for Unix-based Gateways.''  A descrip-
                  tion of the screend _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt _ffff_iiii_llll_tttt_eeee_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_gggg _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm_....

     _tttt_cccc_pppp_wwww_rrrr_aaaa_pppp_...._pppp_ssss   Venema, Wietse.  ``TCP  Wrapper:  Network  Monitoring,
                  Access  Control,  and Booby Traps.''  A description of
                  the author's tcpwrapper _ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_....

     _tttt_oooo_oooo_llll_kkkk_iiii_tttt_...._pppp_ssss   Ranum,  Marcus  J.  and  Frederick  M.  Avoilio.   ``A
                  Toolkit  and  Methods  for  Internet  Firewalls.''   A
                  description  of  the   Trusted   Information   Systems
                  Firewall Toolkit.

     _uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_nnnn_eeee_tttt_...._pppp_ssss   Reinhardt, Robert B.  ``An Architectural  Overview  of
                  UNIX  Network Security.'' A description of a number of



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 12 -


                  UNIX-related components of network security,  particu-
                  larly as they pertain to firewalls.

     _xxxx_tttt_hhhh_rrrr_uuuu_ffff_wwww_...._pppp_ssss   Treese, G. Winfield and Alec Wolman.  ``X Through  the
                  Firewall,  and  Other Application Relays.'  A descrip-
                  tion of how to create  application-specifc  relays  to
                  pass traffic through a network firewall.

_1._4._5.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_gggg_eeee_nnnn_eeee_rrrr_aaaa_llll

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_gggg_eeee_nnnn_eeee_rrrr_aaaa_llll directory contains  documents  that  cover  computer
security  in general, and some other miscellaneous topics.  The files in
this directory are:

     _bbbb_eeee_rrrr_ffff_eeee_rrrr_dddd_...._pppp_ssss   Cheswick, Bill.  ``An Evening With Berferd: In Which a
                  Cracker  is Lured, Endured, and Studied.''  A descrip-
                  tion of how the  author  kept  an  attacker  ``on  the
                  line''  for  several  months  in  order  to  learn his
                  methods.

     _cccc_eeee_rrrr_tttt_rrrr_eeee_ssss_pppp_...._pppp_ssss  Pethia, Richard D. and Kenneth R. van Wyk.  ``Computer
                  Emergency  Response  -  An International Problem.''  A
                  call for international  cooperation  between  computer
                  emergency  response  teams,  and suggested methods for
                  achieving it.

     _cccc_oooo_mmmm_pppp_rrrr_oooo_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt   Klaus, Christopher William.   ``Compromise:   What  if
                  Your   Machines  are  Compromised  by  an  Intruder.''
                  Suggestions for securing a system after it has already
                  been compromised.

     _dddd_rrrr_aaaa_gggg_oooo_nnnn_ssss_...._pppp_ssss   Bellovin, Steven M.  ``There Be Dragons.''  A descrip-
                  tion  of  the wide variety of attacks attempted on the
                  AT&T Internet firewall.

     _eeee_ssss_tttt_cccc_ssss_iiii_rrrr_cccc_...._pppp_ssss  Wack, John  P.   ``Establishing  a  Computer  Security
                  Incident  Response Capability.'' Procedures and issues
                  for establishing a computer security incident response
                  team.

     _ffff_aaaa_qqqq_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt      Muffett, Alec.  ``Almost Everything You Wanted To Know
                  About Security.''

     _ffff_oooo_rrrr_eeee_nnnn_ssss_iiii_cccc_...._pppp_ssss  Spafford, Eugene  H.   ``Software  Forensics:  Can  We
                  Track  Code  to its Authors?''  An idea that it may be
                  possible to identify the authors of malicious software
                  by the style and features of their programs.

     _ffff_tttt_pppp_ffff_aaaa_qqqq_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt   Klaus, Christopher William.  ``How to Set Up a  Secure
                  Anonymous  FTP Site.''  Methods for numerous different
                  operating systems.

     _ffff_uuuu_aaaa_tttt_...._pppp_ssss      Baran,  Fuat,  Howard  Kaye,  and  Margarita   Suarez.
                  ``Security Breaches: Five Recent Incidents at Columbia



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 13 -


                  University.''  A detailed account of five break-ins at
                  Columbia University, and the steps taken to stop them.

     _hhhh_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_rrrr_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt   Meyer, Gordon R.  ``The  Social  Organization  of  the
                  Computer  Underground.''   The  author's  thesis for a
                  master's degree in sociology.

     _hhhh_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_bbbb_oooo_oooo_kkkk_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt Holbrook, P. and J. Reynolds.  ``Site  Security  Hand-
                  book  -  RFC 1244.''  The product of the Site Security
                  Policy  Handbook  Working  Group   of   the   Internet
                  Engineering Task Force.

     _hhhh_oooo_llll_llll_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_...._pppp_ssss   Van Doorn, Leendert.   ``Computer  Break-ins:  A  Case
                  Study.''   A  study  of  multiple break-in attempts at
                  Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam.

     _nnnn_eeee_tttt_cccc_aaaa_ssss_hhhh_1111_...._pppp_ssss  Medvinsky, Gennady and B.  Clifford  Neuman.   ``Elec-
                  tronic  Currency  for the Internet.''  A framework for
                  electronic currency for the Internet that  provides  a
                  real-time electronic payment system.

     _nnnn_eeee_tttt_cccc_aaaa_ssss_hhhh_2222_...._pppp_ssss  Medvinsky, Gennady and B. Clifford Neuman.  ``NetCash:
                  A  Design  for  Practical  Electronic  Currency on the
                  Internet.'' A framework for  electronic  currency  for
                  the Internet that provides a real-time electronic pay-
                  ment system.

     _nnnn_iiii_ssss_tttt_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt     Helsing, Cheryl, Marianne Swanson, and Mary Anne Todd.
                  ``Computer  User's Guide to the Protection of Informa-
                  tion Resources.''  A report  from  the  U.S.  National
                  Institute of Standards and Technology.

     _nnnn_iiii_ssss_tttt_bbbb_oooo_oooo_kkkk     Roback, Edward and Barbara Guttman.  ``An Introduction
                  to  Computer Security:  The NIST Handbook.''  A publi-
                  cation of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and
                  Technology.   This is a draft copy, included with per-
                  mission.

     _pppp_aaaa_tttt_cccc_hhhh_eeee_ssss_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt  Klaus, Christopher William.   ``Security  Patches  FAQ
                  for Your System: The Patch List.''  A list of security
                  patches for most any  operating  system,  and  how  to
                  obtain them.

     _pppp_bbbb_aaaa_aaaa_...._pppp_ssss      Neuman, B. Clifford.  ``Proxy-Based Authorization  and
                  Accounting for Distributed Systems.'' A method to sup-
                  port both authorization and accounting  in  a  distri-
                  buted environment.

     _pppp_nnnn_eeee_tttt_eeee_xxxx_tttt_...._pppp_ssss   Bellovin, S. M.  ``Pseudo-Network Drivers and  Virtual
                  Networks.''   A  method  for creating pseudo-networks,
                  much like the pseudo-terminals in  use  on  many  UNIX
                  systems.

     _pppp_rrrr_iiii_mmmm_eeee_rrrr_...._pppp_ssss    Brand,  Russell  L.   ``Coping  with  the  Threat   of



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 14 -


                  Computer Security Incidents:  A Primer from Prevention
                  through Recovery.'' A  basic  text  for  the  author's
                  one-day  seminar  on the practical aspects of computer
                  security in an unclassified networked environment.

     _tttt_oooo_oooo_llll_ssss_...._pppp_ssss     Polk, W. Timothy.  ``Automated Tools for Testing  Com-
                  puter  System  Vulnerability.''  Discusses some of the
                  automated tools for checking the security  of  a  wide
                  variety of systems.

     _vvvv_eeee_nnnn_dddd_oooo_rrrr_ssss_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt  Klaus, Christopher William.   ``Vendor  Security  Con-
                  tacts:  Reporting  Vulnerabilities  and  Obtaining New
                  Patches.''  Contact names, numbers, and addresses  for
                  most major operating systems.

_1._4._6.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_llll_eeee_gggg_aaaa_llll

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_llll_eeee_gggg_aaaa_llll directory contains documents related to computer secu-
rity, the law, and ethics.  The files in this directory are:

     _bbbb_bbbb_ssss_llll_iiii_bbbb_eeee_llll_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt Kahn, John R.  ``Defamation Liability of  Computerized
                  Bulletin  Board  Operators and Problems of Proof.''  A
                  discussion of the libel and slander laws, and how they
                  apply to bulletin board operators.

     _cccc_ffff_aaaa_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt      Complete text of the Computer Fraud and Abuse  Act  of
                  1986, 18 U.S.C. 1030.

     _cccc_oooo_pppp_yyyy_rrrr_ffff_aaaa_qqqq_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt Carroll, Terry.  ``Frequently  Asked  Questions  About
                  Copyright.''

     _cccc_ssss_llll_aaaa_wwww_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt    Morris, Gary S.  ``Computer Security and the Law.''  A
                  review  of legal issues surrounding computer security,
                  for the system administrator.

     _cccc_uuuu_bbbb_bbbb_yyyy_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt    The complete text of the judge's decision in the Cubby
                  v.  CompuServe  libel  case,  in  which CompuServe was
                  found not to be responsible for material posted on one
                  of their bulletin boards.

     _eeee_cccc_pppp_aaaa_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt     Complete text of the Electronic Communications Privacy
                  Act of 1986, United States Public Law 99-508.

     _eeee_llll_aaaa_wwww_...._pppp_ssss      Loundy, David J.  ``E-Law: Legal Issues Affecting Com-
                  puter  Information Systems and System Operator Liabil-
                  ity.''  First appeared in the Albany  Law  Journal  of
                  Science and Technology, Volume 3, Number 1.

     _eeee_tttt_hhhh_iiii_cccc_ssss_...._pppp_ssss    Spafford, Eugene H.  ``Are Computer  Hacker  Break-ins
                  Ethical?''   Lists  and  refutes  many  of the reasons
                  given to justify computer break-ins.

     _ffff_eeee_rrrr_pppp_aaaa_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt    The complete text of the U.S. Family Educational Right
                  to  Privacy  Act  (the  Buckley  Amendment), 20 U.S.C.



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 15 -


                  1232g.

     _ffff_rrrr_llll_aaaa_wwww_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt    Information about the computer crime laws in France.

     _hhhh_aaaa_nnnn_ssss_eeee_nnnn_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt   Hansen, Stephen E.  ``Legal Issues, A  Site  Manager's
                  Nightmare.''  Examines the legal ramifications of com-
                  puter security laws on system administrators.

     _llll_iiii_bbbb_eeee_llll_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt    Godwin,  Mike.   ``Internet  Libel:  Is  the  Provider
                  Responsible?''   An  examination  of the Cubby v. Com-
                  puserve case as it applies to Internet service provid-
                  ers.

     _mmmm_aaaa_iiii_llll_pppp_rrrr_iiii_vvvv_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt Hernandez, Ruel T.   ``Computer  Electronic  Mail  and
                  Privacy.''   A discussion of the Electronic Communica-
                  tions Privacy Act as it applies to electronic mail.

     _mmmm_uuuu_ssss_iiii_nnnn_gggg_ssss_...._pppp_ssss   Spafford, Eugene H.  ``Some Musings on Ethics and Com-
                  puter Break-Ins.''  A discussion of ethics and respon-
                  sibility, particularly as they pertain to the Internet
                  Worm of November, 1988.

     _pppp_rrrr_iiii_vvvv_aaaa_cccc_yyyy_...._pppp_ssss   Complete text of the Privacy Act of  1974  and  Amend-
                  ments, 5 U.S.C. 552a.

     _ssss_iiii_mmmm_ssss_oooo_nnnn_...._pppp_ssss    Garfinkel,  Simson.   ``An  Introduction  to  Computer
                  Security  for Lawyers.''  A number of articles serving
                  to introduce lawyers to the concepts  behind  computer
                  security.

     _ssss_eeee_nnnn_tttt_eeee_nnnn_cccc_eeee_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt King,  Jack.   ``Revised  Computer  Crime   Sentencing
                  Guidelines.''   A  description of the new federal sen-
                  tencing guidelines that address the Computer Fraud and
                  Abuse Act.

     _ssss_tttt_aaaa_tttt_eeee_llll_aaaa_wwww_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt Computer crime laws, listed by state.

_1._4._7.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd directory contains documents related to  passwords.
The files in this directory are:

     _dddd_oooo_dddd_pppp_wwww_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt ``Department of  Defense  Password  Management  Guide-
                  line.''   Enumerates a number of good password manage-
                  ment practices.

     _ffff_iiii_pppp_ssss_1111_8888_1111_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt  National  Institute  of  Standards   and   Technology.
                  ``Standard   for   Automated   Password   Generator.''
                  Federal Information Processing Standard No. 181.

     _kkkk_llll_eeee_iiii_nnnn_...._pppp_ssss     Klein, Daniel V.  ``Foiling the Cracker: A Survey  of,
                  and  Improvements  to,  Password  Security.''   Demon-
                  strates the ease with  which  most  passwords  can  be
                  guessed by a motivated attacker.



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 16 -


     _oooo_bbbb_ssss_eeee_rrrr_vvvv_eeee_...._pppp_ssss   Spafford, Eugene  H.   ``Observing  Reusable  Password
                  Choices.''   A  method  for observing password choices
                  made by users,  and  how  to  protect  it  from  being
                  compromised.

     _oooo_pppp_uuuu_ssss_...._pppp_ssss      Spafford, Eugene H.  ``OPUS:  Preventing Weak Password
                  Choices.''  A system that uses Bloom filters to imple-
                  ment a constant-time dictionary lookup, regardless  of
                  dictionary size, to check a user's password choice for
                  ``goodness.''

     _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_bbbb_iiii_bbbb_...._pppp_ssss   Spafford, Eugene H. and  Stephen  A.  Weeber.   ``User
                  Authentication   and   Related  Topics:  An  Annotated
                  Bibliography.''

     _pppp_wwww_ssss_tttt_uuuu_dddd_yyyy_...._pppp_ssss   Morris, Robert and Ken Thompson.  ``Password Security:
                  A  Case History.''  A description of the original UNIX
                  password algorithm, and the reasons for  replacing  it
                  with the current one.

     _pppp_wwww_tttt_eeee_nnnn_yyyy_rrrr_ssss_...._pppp_ssss  Feldmeier, David C. and Philip R. Karn.  ``UNIX  Pass-
                  word Security - Ten Years Later.''  A reexamination of
                  the  UNIX  password  algorithm  after  ten  years   of
                  advances in software and hardware.

     _ssss_kkkk_eeee_yyyy_...._pppp_ssss      Haller, Neil M.  ``The S/Key  One-Time  Password  Sys-
                  tem.''  A  freely available implementation of one-time
                  passwords.

_1._4._8.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_pppp_rrrr_oooo_tttt_oooo_cccc_oooo_llll

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_pppp_rrrr_oooo_tttt_oooo_cccc_oooo_llll directory contains documents related to the  design
of  secure  network  protocols, and to the security analysis of existing
protocols.  The files in this directory are:

     _aaaa_ffff_ssss_...._pppp_ssss       Honeyman,  P.,  L.  B.  Huston,  M.  T.    Stolarchuk.
                  ``Highjacking   AFS.''    A  description  of  security
                  weaknesses in the Andrew File System (AFS).

     _eeee_2222_eeee_...._pppp_ssss       Estrin, Deborah  and  Gene  Tsudik.   ``An  End-to-End
                  Argument  for  Network Layer, Inter-Domain Access Con-
                  trols.''  A method by which  different  administrative
                  domains  of  an  internetwork can interconnect without
                  exposing  their  internal  resources  to  unrestricted
                  access.

     _iiii_dddd_eeee_nnnn_tttt_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt    St. Johns, M.  ``Identification Protocol - RFC 1413.''
                  A  description of the Identification Protocol, a means
                  to determine the identity of the user of a  particular
                  TCP connection.

     _iiii_pppp_eeee_xxxx_tttt_...._pppp_ssss     Bellovin, S. M.  ``Security  Problems  in  the  TCP/IP
                  Protocol Suite.''  A description of several attacks on
                  TCP/IP protocols including sequence  number  spoofing,



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 17 -


                  routing  attacks, source address spoofing, and authen-
                  tication attacks.

     _nnnn_iiii_ssss_...._pppp_ssss       Hess, David K., David R. Safford, and  Udo  W.  Pooch.
                  ``A  Unix  Network  Protocol  Security  Study: Network
                  Information Service.''  A discussion of  the  security
                  weaknesses  in the Network Information Service (Yellow
                  Pages) protocol from Sun Microsystems.

     _nnnn_tttt_pppp_...._pppp_ssss       Bishop, Matt.  ``A Security Analysis of the NTP Proto-
                  col.''  A security analysis of the Network Time Proto-
                  col (NTP).

     _oooo_aaaa_kkkk_9999_3333_...._pppp_ssss     Stubblebine, Stuart G. and Virgil D. Gligar.  ``Proto-
                  col  Design  for  Integrity  Protection.''   A  design
                  method for message integrity protection.

     _pppp_eeee_mmmm_...._pppp_ssss       Bishop, Matt.  ``Privacy-Enhanced  Electronic  Mail.''
                  A  description  of  the Internet Privacy-Enhanced Mail
                  protocols.

     _tttt_cccc_pppp_...._pppp_ssss       Morris, Robert T.  ``A Weakness in the  4.2BSD  TCP/IP
                  Software.''   A  description of a security weakness of
                  the TCP/IP protocol suite  as  implemented  in  4.2BSD
                  UNIX.

     _tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee_...._pppp_ssss      Bishop, Matt.  ``Security  Analyses  of  Network  Time
                  Services.''   An analysis of the security requirements
                  for a network time service.

     _tttt_rrrr_aaaa_nnnn_ssss_iiii_tttt_...._pppp_ssss   Estrin, Deborah and Gene Tsudik.  ``Secure Control  of
                  Transit  Internetwork Traffic.''  Methods for control-
                  ling traffic traversing a local  network  on  its  way
                  from one remote network to another.

     _tttt_ssss_uuuu_dddd_iiii_kkkk       Tsudik,  Gene.    This   subdirectory   contains   the
                  PostScript  files  that  make  up ``Access Control and
                  Policy Enforcement  in  Internetworks.''   Methods  of
                  controlling  access  policy between different adminis-
                  trative domains of an internetwork.

_1._4._9.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx directory contains documents related to the security of
the UNIX operating system.  The files in this directory are:

     _cccc_oooo_pppp_ssss_...._pppp_ssss      Farmer, Daniel and Eugene  H.  Spafford.   ``The  COPS
                  Security  Checker  System.''   A description of one of
                  the most popular UNIX security scanners.

     _ffff_aaaa_rrrr_mmmm_eeee_rrrr_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt   Farmer, Dan and Wietse Venema.  ``Improving the  Secu-
                  rity  of  Your Site by Breaking Into It.''  Discussion
                  of a number of commonly used attacks on UNIX  systems,
                  and  how  to  check  your systems for vulnerability to



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 18 -


                  them.

     _nnnn_iiii_dddd_eeee_ssss        This  subdirectory  contains  papers  describing   the
                  Next-Generation   Intrusion  Detection  Expert  System
                  (NIDES) from SRI International.  This system  monitors
                  the  C2  audit trails generated by Sun workstations in
                  real-time and alerts the  administrator  to  anomalous
                  user behavior.  The papers in this subdirectory are:

                  _cccc_aaaa_nnnn_aaaa_dddd_aaaa_9999_3333_...._pppp_ssss  Lunt, Teresa F.  ``Detecting Intruders in
                               Computer Systems.''

                  _rrrr_eeee_qqqq_tttt_ssss_9999_4444_...._pppp_ssss   Lunt,  Teresa  F.  and  Debra   Anderson.
                               ``Software   Requirements  Specification:
                               Next   Generation   Intrusion   Detection
                               Expert System.''

                  _ssss_aaaa_ffff_eeee_gggg_aaaa_rrrr_dddd_...._pppp_ssss  Anderson, Debra, Teresa F.  Lunt,  Harold
                               Javitz,   Ann   Tamaru,  Alfonso  Valdes.
                               ``SAFEGUARD   Final   Report:   Detecting
                               Unusual  Program Behavior Using the NIDES
                               Statistical Component.''

                  _ssss_tttt_aaaa_tttt_rrrr_eeee_pppp_tttt_...._pppp_ssss  Javitz, Harold  S.  and  Alfonso  Valdes.
                               ``The    NIDES   Statistical   Component:
                               Description and Justification.''

                  _ssss_uuuu_rrrr_vvvv_eeee_yyyy_...._pppp_ssss    Lunt, Teresa F.  ``Automated Audit  Trail
                               Analysis and Intrusion Detection:  A Sur-
                               vey.''

     _nnnn_oooo_rrrr_oooo_oooo_tttt_...._pppp_ssss    Simmons, Steve.  ``Life Without Root.'' A  method  for
                  authorizing  users  to perform certain system adminis-
                  tration tasks without giving them the super-user pass-
                  word.

     _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd_...._pppp_ssss  Belgers, Walter.  ``UNIX Password Security.''  A  dis-
                  cussion  of  the  importance of well-chosen passwords,
                  and how passwords are cracked.

     _rrrr_iiii_tttt_cccc_hhhh_iiii_eeee_...._pppp_ssss   Ritchie, Dennis M.  ``On the Security of UNIX.''   The
                  original UNIX security paper.

     _ssss_eeee_ssss_ssss_eeee_xxxx_tttt_...._pppp_ssss   Bellovin, S. M.  ``The  `Session  Tty'  Manager.''   A
                  method  for  controlling  access to terminals by back-
                  ground processes after the user has logged out.

     _ssss_rrrr_iiii_...._pppp_ssss       Curry, David A.  ``Improving the Security of Your UNIX
                  System.''   A  description  of  many  of  the security
                  features of the average UNIX system, and  how  to  use
                  them.

     _tttt_oooo_oooo_llll_ssss_...._pppp_ssss     Morrison, Geoff.  ``UNIX Security Tools.''  An  excel-
                  lent  summary  of  most  of  the  public  domain  UNIX



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 19 -


                  security tools, and where to obtain them.  Almost  all
                  of these tools are available on this CD-ROM.

     _tttt_rrrr_iiii_pppp_wwww_iiii_rrrr_eeee_...._pppp_ssss  Kim, Gene H. and Eugene H. Spafford.  ``The Design and
                  Implementation  of  Tripwire:  A File System Integrity
                  Checker.''  Tripwire computes checksums  of  files  on
                  the  system,  and  then scans later for any changes to
                  those files.

     _tttt_wwww_eeee_xxxx_pppp_eeee_rrrr_...._pppp_ssss   Kim, Gene H. and Eugene  H.  Spafford.   ``Experiences
                  With  Tripwire: Using Integrity Checkers for Intrusion
                  Detection.''   A  description  of  how  the   Tripwire
                  integrity  checker  (see _tttt_rrrr_iiii_pppp_wwww_iiii_rrrr_eeee_...._pppp_ssss) has performed in
                  the field.

     _uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_ssss_eeee_cccc_...._pppp_ssss   Bac'`ic', Eugen Mate.  ``UNIX  &  Security.''   Describes
                  many  of  the  security features of the UNIX operating
                  system, as well as features that  could  be  added  to
                  result in an evaluatable system at Class C2.

     _uuuu_tttt_nnnn_eeee_tttt_...._pppp_ssss     Spurgeon, Charles.  ``UTnet Guide to UNIX System Secu-
                  rity.''  A guide to UNIX security resources.

_1._4._1_0.  _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss

The _////_pppp_aaaa_pppp_eeee_rrrr_ssss_////_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss  directory  contains  documents  related  to  computer
viruses,  worms,  etc.   The Internet Worm papers are in this directory.
The files in this directory are:

     _aaaa_llll_iiii_ffff_eeee_...._pppp_ssss     Spafford, Eugene H.  ``Computer Viruses as  Artificial
                  Life.''  A consideration of computer viruses as artif-
                  icial life - self-replicating organisms.

     _ffff_aaaa_qqqq_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt      Readers of _V_I_R_U_S-_L and _c_o_m_p._v_i_r_u_s.  ``Frequently Asked
                  Questions on VIRUS-L/comp.virus.''

     _ffff_eeee_dddd_eeee_llll_iiii_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt   Fedeli, Alan.   ``Organizing  a  Corporate  Anti-Virus
                  Effort.''   A description of how IBM Corp. has learned
                  to cope with computer viruses and related threats.

     _gggg_aaaa_oooo_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt      United States Government  Accounting  Office.   ``Com-
                  puter  Security.'' The G.A.O.'s report on the Internet
                  Worm of November, 1988, and on the then-current  state
                  of  Internet  vulnerabilities  and prosecution of com-
                  puter virus cases.

     _iiii_wwww_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_1111_...._pppp_ssss    Spafford, Eugene H.  ``The Internet Worm  Program:  An
                  Analysis.''  A  description  of the algorithms used by
                  the Internet Worm program of November 2, 1988.

     _iiii_wwww_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_2222_...._pppp_ssss    Spafford, Eugene H.  ``The Internet  Worm  Incident.''
                  A  description  of the events involved in the Internet
                  Worm of November 2, 1988.




                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 20 -


     _mmmm_aaaa_llll_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_cccc_...._pppp_ssss  Bishop, Matt.  ``An Overview of Computer Viruses in  a
                  Research  Environment.''   An  examination of computer
                  viruses as malicious logic in a research and  develop-
                  ment environment and current techniques in controlling
                  the threats of viruses and other malicious logic  pro-
                  grams.

     _mmmm_gggg_tttt_gggg_uuuu_iiii_dddd_eeee_...._pppp_ssss  Wack,  John  P.  and  Lisa  J.  Carnahan.   ``Computer
                  Viruses  and  Related  Threats:  A Management Guide.''
                  Guidelines for preventing, deterring, containing,  and
                  recovering   from   attacks  of  viruses  and  related
                  threats.  A report from the U.S. National Institute of
                  Standards and Technology.

     _mmmm_iiii_tttt_...._pppp_ssss       Eichin, Mark W. and Jon A. Rochlis.  ``With Microscope
                  and  Tweezers:  An  Analysis  of the Internet Virus of
                  November 1988.''  A detailed description of the events
                  of  the  Internet Worm of November 2, 1988 from one of
                  the teams of people who combatted it.

     _ssss_eeee_llll_gggg_uuuu_iiii_dddd_eeee_...._pppp_ssss  Polk, W. T. and L.  E.  Bassham.   ``A  Guide  to  the
                  Selection  of  Anti-Virus Tools and Techniques.'' Cri-
                  teria for judging the functionality, practicality, and
                  convenience  of  anti-virus  tools.  A report from the
                  U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.

     _tttt_oooo_uuuu_rrrr_...._pppp_ssss      Seeley, Donn.  ``A Tour of the Worm.''  A tour of  the
                  Internet Worm of November 2, 1988.

_1._5.  _////_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_dddd_iiii_cccc_tttt

The _////_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_dddd_iiii_cccc_tttt directory contains a collection of password cracking  dic-
tionaries   in  various  languages.   The  directory  is  subdivided  by
language, with dictionaries from different sources in different files.

_1._6.  _////_pppp_oooo_llll_iiii_cccc_iiii_eeee_ssss

The _////_pppp_oooo_llll_iiii_cccc_iiii_eeee_ssss directory contains a  collection  of  policies  on  vaious
topics,  maintained  as  part  of  the  Computers  and  Academic Freedom
archives of the Electronic Freedom Foundation.

_N_O_T_E:  The files in this  directory  are  stored  in  a  single  ``tar''
archive,  because  the  archive  creators used extremely long file names
that are not  easily  reduced  to  the  8-character  limit  required  by
ISO-9660.  This ``tar'' archive will have to be extracted on a UNIX sys-
tem; MS-DOS will not handle the file names well at all.

_1._7.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee directory contains public  domain  (or  freely  available)
software  tools  that  are  related  to  computer  security  or incident
response.  Some of these programs are  directed  at  computer  security,
others  have  primary  purposes doing other things, but can be useful in
the security field as well.  Where possible, source  code  is  provided.



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 21 -


In  cases  where  binaries only are provided, use them at your own risk.
Within the _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee directory, the following subdirectories are  avail-
able:

     _dddd_oooo_ssss          Software for PCs running MS-DOS.

     _mmmm_aaaa_cccc          Software for the Macintosh.

     _uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx         Software for various flavors  of  the  UNIX  operating
                  system.

_1._7._1.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_dddd_oooo_ssss

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_dddd_oooo_ssss directory contains software for  PCs  running  MS-DOS.
The subdirectories of this directory are:

     _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk      Programs for controlling access to a  system  via  the
                  network.

     _ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy     Programs for controlling PC security.

     _vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss        Anti-virus utilities.

_1._7._1._1.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_dddd_oooo_ssss_////_nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_dddd_oooo_ssss_////_nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk directory contains  programs  for  controlling
access to a system via the network.  The files in this subdirectory are:

     _kkkk_bbbb_rrrr_iiii_dddd_gggg_eeee_...._zzzz_iiii_pppp  The KarlBridge _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee _bbbb_yyyy _DDDD_oooo_uuuu_gggg _KKKK_aaaa_rrrr_llll_....  _AAAA  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt
                  _rrrr_uuuu_nnnn_ssss  _oooo_nnnn _aaaa _PPPP_CCCC _wwww_iiii_tttt_hhhh _tttt_wwww_oooo _EEEE_tttt_hhhh_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_tttt _bbbb_oooo_aaaa_rrrr_dddd_ssss_,,,, _tttt_uuuu_rrrr_nnnn_iiii_nnnn_gggg _tttt_hhhh_eeee _PPPP_CCCC
                  _iiii_nnnn_tttt_oooo  _aaaa  _ssss_oooo_pppp_hhhh_iiii_ssss_tttt_iiii_cccc_aaaa_tttt_eeee_dddd_,,,,  _hhhh_iiii_gggg_hhhh_----_llll_eeee_vvvv_eeee_llll_,,,,  _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt_----_ffff_iiii_llll_tttt_eeee_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_gggg
                  _bbbb_rrrr_iiii_dddd_gggg_eeee_....   _IIII_tttt _cccc_aaaa_nnnn _ffff_iiii_llll_tttt_eeee_rrrr _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt_ssss _bbbb_aaaa_ssss_eeee_dddd _oooo_nnnn _aaaa_nnnn_yyyy _ssss_pppp_eeee_cccc_iiii_ffff_iiii_eeee_dddd
                  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_tttt_oooo_cccc_oooo_llll_,,,,  _iiii_nnnn_cccc_llll_uuuu_dddd_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _IIII_PPPP_,,,,  _XXXX_NNNN_SSSS_,,,,  _DDDD_EEEE_CCCC_NNNN_EEEE_TTTT_,,,,   _LLLL_AAAA_TTTT_,,,,   _IIII_PPPP_XXXX_,,,,
                  _AAAA_pppp_pppp_llll_eeee_TTTT_aaaa_llll_kkkk_,,,, _eeee_tttt_cccc_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _2222_...._0000_....

_1._7._1._2.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_dddd_oooo_ssss_////_ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_dddd_oooo_ssss_////_ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy directory contains programs  for  controlling
PC  security.   The  files  in this directory are a mirror of the SimTel
_////_mmmm_ssss_dddd_oooo_ssss_////_ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy archive from oak.oakland.edu_....  _SSSS_eeee_eeee _tttt_hhhh_eeee _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee _0000_0000______iiii_nnnn_dddd_eeee_xxxx_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt
_ffff_oooo_rrrr _aaaa _dddd_eeee_ssss_cccc_rrrr_iiii_pppp_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _oooo_ffff _tttt_hhhh_eeee _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss _iiii_nnnn _tttt_hhhh_iiii_ssss _dddd_iiii_rrrr_eeee_cccc_tttt_oooo_rrrr_yyyy_....

_1._7._1._3.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_dddd_oooo_ssss_////_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_dddd_oooo_ssss_////_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss directory contains  anti-virus  utilities.   The
files  in this directory are a mirror of the SimTel _////_mmmm_ssss_dddd_oooo_ssss_////_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss archive
from oak.oakland.edu_....  _SSSS_eeee_eeee _tttt_hhhh_eeee _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee _0000_0000______iiii_nnnn_dddd_eeee_xxxx_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _aaaa  _dddd_eeee_ssss_cccc_rrrr_iiii_pppp_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _oooo_ffff
_tttt_hhhh_eeee _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss _iiii_nnnn _tttt_hhhh_iiii_ssss _dddd_iiii_rrrr_eeee_cccc_tttt_oooo_rrrr_yyyy_....

_1._7._2.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_mmmm_aaaa_cccc

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_mmmm_aaaa_cccc directory contains software for  the  Macintosh.   The
subdirectories of this directory are:




                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 22 -


     _vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss        Anti-virus utilities.

_1._7._2._1.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_mmmm_aaaa_cccc_////_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_mmmm_aaaa_cccc_////_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss directory contains  anti-virus  utilities.   The
files in this directory are:

     _dddd_iiii_ssss_iiii_nnnn_ffff_...._ssss_eeee_aaaa   The Disinfectant virus scanner,  preventer,  and  rem-
                  over.  Version 3.5.

     _gggg_aaaa_tttt_eeee_kkkk_eeee_eeee_pppp_...._hhhh_qqqq_xxxx The Gatekeeper virus preventer.  Version 1.3.

     _ssss_aaaa_mmmm_pppp_llll_eeee_...._ssss_eeee_aaaa   The public source code for the reusable  human  inter-
                  face modules from Disinfectant.  Version 2.4.

     _vvvv_iiii_rrrr_uuuu_ssss_dddd_eeee_tttt_...._hhhh_qqqq_xxxx The Virus Detective virus scanner.  Version 5.05.

_1._7._3.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx directory contains software for  various  flavors  of
the UNIX operating system.  The subdirectories of this directory are:

     _aaaa_uuuu_tttt_hhhh_eeee_nnnn_tttt      Programs for performing user and  program  authentica-
                  tion.

     _dddd_iiii_gggg_ssss_iiii_gggg       Programs for  computing  digital  signatures  (crypto-
                  graphic checksums).

     _ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll     Programs for constructing network firewalls.

     _nnnn_eeee_tttt_mmmm_oooo_nnnn       Programs for monitoring network security.

     _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk      Programs for controlling access to a  system  via  the
                  network.

     _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd     Programs pertaining to password security.

     _ssss_yyyy_ssss_mmmm_oooo_nnnn       Programs for monitoring system security.

     _tttt_oooo_oooo_llll_ssss        Programs that are not specifically designed  for  com-
                  puter  security  uses,  but are nevertheless useful to
                  the security practitioner.

_1._7._3._1.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_aaaa_uuuu_tttt_hhhh_eeee_nnnn_tttt

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_aaaa_uuuu_tttt_hhhh_eeee_nnnn_tttt directory contains  software  for  performing
user and program authentication.  The files in this directory are:

     _kkkk_eeee_rrrr_bbbb_eeee_rrrr_oooo_ssss     This subdirectory contains the sources and  documenta-
                  tion  for  the Kerberos package from the Massachusetts
                  Institute of Technology.  There are two subdirectories
                  of this directory:

                  _vvvv_4444           Version 4 Patchlevel  10.   This  is  the



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 23 -


                               final  release  of  Version 4; all future
                               development efforts will be based on Ver-
                               sion 5.  Release date:  9 December 1992.

                  _vvvv_5555           Version 5 Beta 4.  This  is  the  current
                               release   of   Version   5;  all  current
                               development efforts  are  based  on  this
                               version.  Release date: 15 June 1994.

     _llll_iiii_bbbb_iiii_dddd_eeee_nnnn_tttt_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The libident _llll_iiii_bbbb_rrrr_aaaa_rrrr_yyyy _bbbb_yyyy _PPPP_eeee_tttt_eeee_rrrr _EEEE_rrrr_iiii_kkkk_ssss_ssss_oooo_nnnn_....  _AAAA _llll_iiii_bbbb_rrrr_aaaa_rrrr_yyyy  _oooo_ffff
                  _ffff_uuuu_nnnn_cccc_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss  _tttt_oooo _iiii_nnnn_tttt_eeee_rrrr_ffff_aaaa_cccc_eeee _wwww_iiii_tttt_hhhh _aaaa_nnnn _RRRR_FFFF_CCCC_1111_4444_1111_3333 _iiii_dddd_eeee_nnnn_tttt_iiii_ffff_iiii_cccc_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn
                  _ssss_eeee_rrrr_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _0000_...._1111_4444_....

     _pppp_iiii_dddd_eeee_nnnn_tttt_dddd_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The pident _dddd_aaaa_eeee_mmmm_oooo_nnnn _bbbb_yyyy _PPPP_eeee_tttt_eeee_rrrr _EEEE_rrrr_iiii_kkkk_ssss_ssss_oooo_nnnn_....   _IIII_mmmm_pppp_llll_eeee_mmmm_eeee_nnnn_tttt_ssss  _tttt_hhhh_eeee
                  _RRRR_FFFF_CCCC_1111_4444_1111_3333  _iiii_dddd_eeee_nnnn_tttt_iiii_ffff_iiii_cccc_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _ssss_eeee_rrrr_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_,,,,  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt  _cccc_aaaa_nnnn _bbbb_eeee _uuuu_ssss_eeee_dddd _tttt_oooo
                  _qqqq_uuuu_eeee_rrrr_yyyy _aaaa _rrrr_eeee_mmmm_oooo_tttt_eeee _hhhh_oooo_ssss_tttt _ffff_oooo_rrrr _tttt_hhhh_eeee _iiii_dddd_eeee_nnnn_tttt_iiii_ffff_iiii_cccc_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _oooo_ffff _tttt_hhhh_eeee _uuuu_ssss_eeee_rrrr
                  _mmmm_aaaa_kkkk_iiii_nnnn_gggg _aaaa _TTTT_CCCC_PPPP _cccc_oooo_nnnn_nnnn_eeee_cccc_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _rrrr_eeee_qqqq_uuuu_eeee_ssss_tttt_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _2222_...._2222_....

     _ssss_kkkk_eeee_yyyy_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr     The S/Key  one-time  password  system  from  Bellcore.
                  Implements   one-time   passwords  for  UNIX  systems.
                  Includes one-time password generator programs for  PCs
                  and Macs.

_1._7._3._2.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_dddd_iiii_gggg_ssss_iiii_gggg

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_dddd_iiii_gggg_ssss_iiii_gggg  directory  contains  programs  for  computing
digital  signatures (cryptographic checksums).  The files in this direc-
tory are:

     _mmmm_dddd_2222_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt      The source code and specification for the MD-2 message
                  digest function.

     _mmmm_dddd_4444_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt      The source code and specification for the MD-4 message
                  digest function.

     _mmmm_dddd_5555_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt      The source code and specification for the MD-5 message
                  digest function.

     _ssss_nnnn_eeee_ffff_rrrr_uuuu_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr   The source code and documentation for the Snefru  mes-
                  sage  digest  function  (Xerox  Secure Hash Function).
                  Version 2.5a.

_1._7._3._3.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll directory contains software for constructing
network firewalls.  The files in this directory are:

     _gggg_aaaa_uuuu_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr      The Gateway Access  Utilities  package  from  Sterling
                  Software.   Supports  access to the Internet through a
                  network firewall without  requiring  that  users  have
                  accounts  on  the  firewall  host  itself.   These are
                  modifed  TELNET  and  FTP  programs  that  work  in  a
                  ``proxy'' fashion through the firewall.  Version of 22
                  March 1993.



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 24 -


     _ssss_oooo_cccc_kkkk_ssss_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr    The socks _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee_,,,, _bbbb_yyyy _DDDD_aaaa_vvvv_iiii_dddd _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _MMMM_iiii_cccc_hhhh_eeee_llll_llll_eeee  _KKKK_oooo_bbbb_llll_aaaa_ssss_....   _AAAA_nnnn
                  _IIII_nnnn_tttt_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_tttt  _````_````_ssss_oooo_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt  _ssss_eeee_rrrr_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_''''_''''  _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ssss_iiii_ssss_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _oooo_ffff  _aaaa _ssss_eeee_tttt _oooo_ffff
                  _cccc_llll_iiii_eeee_nnnn_tttt _llll_iiii_bbbb_rrrr_aaaa_rrrr_yyyy _rrrr_oooo_uuuu_tttt_iiii_nnnn_eeee_ssss _aaaa_nnnn_dddd  _aaaa  _dddd_aaaa_eeee_mmmm_oooo_nnnn  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt  _iiii_nnnn_tttt_eeee_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_tttt
                  _tttt_hhhh_rrrr_oooo_uuuu_gggg_hhhh  _aaaa  _ssss_iiii_mmmm_pppp_llll_eeee  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_tttt_oooo_cccc_oooo_llll _tttt_oooo _pppp_rrrr_oooo_vvvv_iiii_dddd_eeee _cccc_oooo_nnnn_vvvv_eeee_nnnn_iiii_eeee_nnnn_tttt _aaaa_nnnn_dddd
                  _ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_eeee _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk _cccc_oooo_nnnn_nnnn_eeee_cccc_tttt_iiii_vvvv_iiii_tttt_yyyy _tttt_hhhh_rrrr_oooo_uuuu_gggg_hhhh _aaaa  _ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll  _hhhh_oooo_ssss_tttt_....
                  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _3333_....

     _ssss_cccc_kkkk_ssss_cccc_ssss_tttt_cccc_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The CSTC release of the socks _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee _((((_ssss_eeee_eeee _ssss_oooo_cccc_kkkk_ssss_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr_))))_....
                  _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss _vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _iiii_nnnn_cccc_llll_uuuu_dddd_eeee_ssss _ffff_uuuu_llll_llll _ssss_oooo_uuuu_rrrr_cccc_eeee _ffff_oooo_rrrr _tttt_hhhh_eeee _SSSS_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_SSSS _ssss_eeee_rrrr_vvvv_eeee_rrrr
                  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd  _SSSS_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_SSSS_----_iiii_ffff_iiii_eeee_dddd  _cccc_llll_iiii_eeee_nnnn_tttt  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm_ssss  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _ffff_iiii_nnnn_gggg_eeee_rrrr_,,,,  _ffff_tttt_pppp_,,,,
                  _tttt_eeee_llll_nnnn_eeee_tttt_,,,, _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _wwww_hhhh_oooo_iiii_ssss_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _4444_...._1111_....

     _tttt_cccc_pppp_rrrr_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr     The tcpr _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee  _bbbb_yyyy  _PPPP_aaaa_uuuu_llll  _ZZZZ_iiii_eeee_mmmm_bbbb_aaaa_....   _AAAA  _ssss_eeee_tttt  _oooo_ffff  _PPPP_eeee_rrrr_llll
                  _ssss_cccc_rrrr_iiii_pppp_tttt_ssss _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _eeee_nnnn_aaaa_bbbb_llll_eeee _tttt_hhhh_eeee _uuuu_ssss_eeee _oooo_ffff _FFFF_TTTT_PPPP _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _TTTT_EEEE_LLLL_NNNN_EEEE_TTTT _aaaa_cccc_rrrr_oooo_ssss_ssss _aaaa
                  _ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll_....  _IIII_tttt _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ssss_iiii_ssss_tttt_ssss  _oooo_ffff  _aaaa_nnnn  _iiii_nnnn_eeee_tttt_dddd-like  server,  a
                  relay  program, and a client that talks to the server.
                  Version 1.1.5.

     _tttt_iiii_ssss_ffff_wwww_tttt_kkkk      This subdirectory  contains  the  Trusted  Information
                  Systems  (TIS) Firewall Toolkit, a fairly complete set
                  of programs and instructions for constructing  network
                  firewalls.  The contents of this directory are:

                  _aaaa_llll_pppp_hhhh_aaaa_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr    The latest ``prerelease'' version of  the
                               toolkit, for those who wish to experiment
                               with  or  modify  the  version  that   is
                               currently  under development.  It is con-
                               sidered a stable release but may not con-
                               tain  up-to-date documentation or porting
                               fixes.  There are a number of portability
                               fixes   in  this  version  that  are  not
                               present in Version 1.2.

                  _ffff_wwww_tttt_kkkk_dddd_oooo_cccc_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The toolkit documentation.  Version 1.2.

                  _ffff_wwww_tttt_kkkk_ssss_rrrr_cccc_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The toolkit source code.  Version 1.2.

     _uuuu_dddd_pppp_rrrr_eeee_llll_aaaa_yyyy_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The udprelay _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee _bbbb_yyyy _TTTT_oooo_mmmm _FFFF_iiii_tttt_zzzz_gggg_eeee_rrrr_aaaa_llll_dddd_....  _AAAA _dddd_aaaa_eeee_mmmm_oooo_nnnn _pppp_rrrr_oooo_----
                  _cccc_eeee_ssss_ssss  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt  _rrrr_uuuu_nnnn_ssss  _oooo_nnnn  _aaaa _ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll _hhhh_oooo_ssss_tttt _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _ffff_oooo_rrrr_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_dddd_ssss _UUUU_DDDD_PPPP
                  _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt_ssss _iiii_nnnn_tttt_oooo _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _oooo_uuuu_tttt _oooo_ffff  _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll_eeee_dddd  _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk_,,,,  _aaaa_ssss
                  _dddd_iiii_rrrr_eeee_cccc_tttt_eeee_dddd _bbbb_yyyy _aaaa _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ffff_iiii_gggg_uuuu_rrrr_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _0000_...._2222_....

     _xxxx_ffff_oooo_rrrr_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_dddd_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The xforward _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee _bbbb_yyyy _WWWW_iiii_nnnn _TTTT_rrrr_eeee_eeee_ssss_eeee_....  _UUUU_ssss_eeee_dddd _ffff_oooo_rrrr _rrrr_eeee_llll_aaaa_yyyy_iiii_nnnn_gggg
                  _XXXX  _WWWW_iiii_nnnn_dddd_oooo_wwww _SSSS_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm _cccc_oooo_nnnn_nnnn_eeee_cccc_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss _aaaa_cccc_rrrr_oooo_ssss_ssss _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk _ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll_ssss_....
                  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _1111_...._0000_....

_1._7._3._4.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_nnnn_eeee_tttt_mmmm_oooo_nnnn

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_nnnn_eeee_tttt_mmmm_oooo_nnnn directory  contains  programs  for  monitoring
network security.  The files in this directory are:

     _nnnn_eeee_tttt_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn       This subdirectory contains the NETMAN package of  net-
                  work  monitoring  and  visualization tools from Curtin
                  University.  The  etherman  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm  _iiii_ssss  _aaaa_nnnn  _XXXX  _WWWW_iiii_nnnn_dddd_oooo_wwww



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 25 -


                  _SSSS_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm  _tttt_oooo_oooo_llll  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt  _dddd_iiii_ssss_pppp_llll_aaaa_yyyy_ssss _aaaa _rrrr_eeee_pppp_rrrr_eeee_ssss_eeee_nnnn_tttt_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _oooo_ffff _rrrr_eeee_aaaa_llll_----
                  _tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee _EEEE_tttt_hhhh_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_tttt _cccc_oooo_mmmm_mmmm_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_cccc_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss_....   _TTTT_hhhh_eeee  _iiii_nnnn_tttt_eeee_rrrr_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn  program
                  focuses  on  IP  connectivity within a single segment.
                  The packetman _tttt_oooo_oooo_llll _iiii_ssss _aaaa _rrrr_eeee_tttt_rrrr_oooo_ssss_pppp_eeee_cccc_tttt_iiii_vvvv_eeee _EEEE_tttt_hhhh_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_tttt  _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt
                  _aaaa_nnnn_aaaa_llll_yyyy_zzzz_eeee_rrrr_....   _WWWW_iiii_tttt_hhhh_iiii_nnnn _tttt_hhhh_eeee _ssss_uuuu_bbbb_dddd_iiii_rrrr_eeee_cccc_tttt_oooo_rrrr_yyyy _aaaa_rrrr_eeee _bbbb_iiii_nnnn_aaaa_rrrr_iiii_eeee_ssss _ffff_oooo_rrrr _aaaa
                  _nnnn_uuuu_mmmm_bbbb_eeee_rrrr _oooo_ffff _dddd_iiii_ffff_ffff_eeee_rrrr_eeee_nnnn_tttt _pppp_llll_aaaa_tttt_ffff_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_ssss_....  _SSSS_oooo_uuuu_rrrr_cccc_eeee _cccc_oooo_dddd_eeee _iiii_ssss  _aaaa_vvvv_aaaa_iiii_llll_----
                  _aaaa_bbbb_llll_eeee  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _$$$$_5555_0000_0000_...._0000_0000  _ffff_oooo_rrrr _uuuu_nnnn_iiii_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_tttt_iiii_eeee_ssss _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _$$$$_1111_,,,,_0000_0000_0000_...._0000_0000 _ffff_oooo_rrrr
                  _cccc_oooo_mmmm_pppp_aaaa_nnnn_iiii_eeee_ssss _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _oooo_tttt_hhhh_eeee_rrrr _gggg_rrrr_oooo_uuuu_pppp_ssss_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _1111_...._1111_....

     _nnnn_oooo_cccc_oooo_llll_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr    The NOCOL (Network Operations Center On-Line)  package
                  from  JVNC-Net.  Can monitor various network variables
                  such as ICMP or RPC reachability, name servers, ether-
                  net  load,  port  reachability, host performance, SNMP
                  traps, modem line usage, AppleTalk and  Novell  routes
                  and  services, BGP peers, etc.  The software is exten-
                  sible and new monitors can be added  easily.   Version
                  4.0beta (the beta release is very near formal release,
                  and is recommended over the previous version).

     _tttt_cccc_pppp_wwww_hhhh_oooo_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr   The tcpwho _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _SSSS_cccc_oooo_tttt_tttt _CCCC_hhhh_aaaa_ssss_iiii_nnnn_....  _DDDD_iiii_ssss_pppp_llll_aaaa_yyyy_ssss  _aaaa  _llll_iiii_ssss_tttt
                  _oooo_ffff _aaaa_llll_llll _TTTT_CCCC_PPPP _cccc_oooo_nnnn_nnnn_eeee_cccc_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _tttt_hhhh_eeee _cccc_oooo_rrrr_rrrr_eeee_ssss_pppp_oooo_nnnn_dddd_iiii_nnnn_gggg _uuuu_ssss_eeee_rrrr _nnnn_aaaa_mmmm_eeee
                  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _pppp_rrrr_oooo_cccc_eeee_ssss_ssss _iiii_dddd_eeee_nnnn_tttt_iiii_ffff_iiii_eeee_rrrr _aaaa_ssss_ssss_oooo_cccc_iiii_aaaa_tttt_eeee_dddd  _wwww_iiii_tttt_hhhh  _eeee_aaaa_cccc_hhhh  _cccc_oooo_nnnn_nnnn_eeee_cccc_----
                  _tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _1111_...._0000_....

_1._7._3._5.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk directory contains programs  for  controlling
access to a system via the network.  The files in this subdirectory are:

     _iiii_pppp_aaaa_cccc_llll_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr    The ipacl _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee _ffff_rrrr_oooo_mmmm _SSSS_iiii_eeee_mmmm_eeee_nnnn_ssss_....  _FFFF_oooo_rrrr_cccc_eeee_ssss  _aaaa_llll_llll  _TTTT_CCCC_PPPP  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd
                  _UUUU_DDDD_PPPP  _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt_ssss  _tttt_oooo  _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss  _tttt_hhhh_rrrr_oooo_uuuu_gggg_hhhh _aaaa_nnnn _aaaa_cccc_cccc_eeee_ssss_ssss _cccc_oooo_nnnn_tttt_rrrr_oooo_llll _llll_iiii_ssss_tttt
                  _ffff_aaaa_cccc_iiii_llll_iiii_tttt_yyyy_....  _TTTT_hhhh_eeee _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ffff_iiii_gggg_uuuu_rrrr_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee _aaaa_llll_llll_oooo_wwww_ssss _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt_ssss _tttt_oooo _bbbb_eeee
                  _aaaa_cccc_cccc_eeee_pppp_tttt_eeee_dddd_,,,, _rrrr_eeee_jjjj_eeee_cccc_tttt_eeee_dddd_,,,, _cccc_oooo_nnnn_dddd_iiii_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_aaaa_llll_llll_yyyy _aaaa_cccc_cccc_eeee_pppp_tttt_eeee_dddd_,,,, _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _cccc_oooo_nnnn_dddd_iiii_----
                  _tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_aaaa_llll_llll_yyyy _rrrr_eeee_jjjj_eeee_cccc_tttt_eeee_dddd _bbbb_aaaa_ssss_eeee_dddd  _oooo_nnnn  _cccc_hhhh_aaaa_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_tttt_eeee_rrrr_iiii_ssss_tttt_iiii_cccc_ssss  _ssss_uuuu_cccc_hhhh  _aaaa_ssss
                  _ssss_oooo_uuuu_rrrr_cccc_eeee   _aaaa_dddd_dddd_rrrr_eeee_ssss_ssss_,,,,  _dddd_eeee_ssss_tttt_iiii_nnnn_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _aaaa_dddd_dddd_rrrr_eeee_ssss_ssss_,,,,  _ssss_oooo_uuuu_rrrr_cccc_eeee  _pppp_oooo_rrrr_tttt
                  _nnnn_uuuu_mmmm_bbbb_eeee_rrrr_,,,, _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _dddd_eeee_ssss_tttt_iiii_nnnn_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _pppp_oooo_rrrr_tttt _nnnn_uuuu_mmmm_bbbb_eeee_rrrr_....  _SSSS_hhhh_oooo_uuuu_llll_dddd _bbbb_eeee  _pppp_oooo_rrrr_tttt_----
                  _aaaa_bbbb_llll_eeee  _tttt_oooo _aaaa_nnnn_yyyy _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _uuuu_ssss_eeee_ssss _SSSS_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm _VVVV _SSSS_TTTT_RRRR_EEEE_AAAA_MMMM_SSSS _ffff_oooo_rrrr _iiii_tttt_ssss
                  _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk _cccc_oooo_dddd_eeee_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _oooo_ffff _1111_3333 _JJJJ_aaaa_nnnn_uuuu_aaaa_rrrr_yyyy _1111_9999_9999_3333_....

     _llll_dddd_aaaa_eeee_mmmm_oooo_nnnn_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The logdaemon  _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee  _bbbb_yyyy  _WWWW_iiii_eeee_tttt_ssss_eeee  _VVVV_eeee_nnnn_eeee_mmmm_aaaa_....   _PPPP_rrrr_oooo_vvvv_iiii_dddd_eeee_ssss
                  _mmmm_oooo_dddd_iiii_ffff_iiii_eeee_dddd  _vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss  _oooo_ffff  _rrrr_ssss_hhhh_dddd,  rlogind_,,,,  _ffff_tttt_pppp_dddd, rexecd_,,,,
                  _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn, and telnetd _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _llll_oooo_gggg _ssss_iiii_gggg_nnnn_iiii_ffff_iiii_cccc_aaaa_nnnn_tttt_llll_yyyy _mmmm_oooo_rrrr_eeee  _iiii_nnnn_ffff_oooo_rrrr_----
                  _mmmm_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_nnnn  _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _ssss_tttt_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_aaaa_rrrr_dddd  _vvvv_eeee_nnnn_dddd_oooo_rrrr _vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss_,,,, _eeee_nnnn_aaaa_bbbb_llll_iiii_nnnn_gggg
                  _bbbb_eeee_tttt_tttt_eeee_rrrr _aaaa_uuuu_dddd_iiii_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg _oooo_ffff _pppp_rrrr_oooo_bbbb_llll_eeee_mmmm_ssss _vvvv_iiii_aaaa  _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _llll_oooo_gggg_ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss_....   _AAAA_llll_ssss_oooo
                  _iiii_nnnn_cccc_llll_uuuu_dddd_eeee_ssss _ssss_uuuu_pppp_pppp_oooo_rrrr_tttt _ffff_oooo_rrrr _tttt_hhhh_eeee _SSSS_////_KKKK_eeee_yyyy _oooo_nnnn_eeee_----_tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_----
                  _aaaa_gggg_eeee_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _4444_...._2222_....

     _pppp_oooo_rrrr_tttt_mmmm_aaaa_pppp_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The portmap _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _WWWW_iiii_eeee_tttt_ssss_eeee _VVVV_eeee_nnnn_eeee_mmmm_aaaa_....   _AAAA  _rrrr_eeee_pppp_llll_aaaa_cccc_eeee_mmmm_eeee_nnnn_tttt
                  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _ssss_tttt_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_aaaa_rrrr_dddd  _SSSS_uuuu_nnnn _pppp_oooo_rrrr_tttt_mmmm_aaaa_pppp program (portable to a
                  number of vendors' systems) that attempts to close all
                  known  holes  in portmap_....  _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss _iiii_nnnn_cccc_llll_uuuu_dddd_eeee_ssss _pppp_rrrr_eeee_vvvv_eeee_nnnn_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _oooo_ffff
                  _NNNN_IIII_SSSS _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee _tttt_hhhh_eeee_ffff_tttt_,,,,  _pppp_rrrr_eeee_vvvv_eeee_nnnn_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _oooo_ffff  _uuuu_nnnn_aaaa_uuuu_tttt_hhhh_oooo_rrrr_iiii_zzzz_eeee_dddd
                  _yyyy_pppp_ssss_eeee_tttt  commands,  and  prevention  of  NFS file handle
                  theft.  Version 3.



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 26 -


     _rrrr_pppp_cccc_bbbb_iiii_nnnn_dddd_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The rpcbind _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _WWWW_iiii_eeee_tttt_ssss_eeee _VVVV_eeee_nnnn_eeee_mmmm_aaaa_....   _AAAA  _rrrr_eeee_pppp_llll_aaaa_cccc_eeee_mmmm_eeee_nnnn_tttt
                  _ffff_oooo_rrrr _tttt_hhhh_eeee _SSSS_uuuu_nnnn _rrrr_pppp_cccc_bbbb_iiii_nnnn_dddd program that offers access control
                  and copious logging.  Allows host access control based
                  on network addresses.  Preliminary version.

     _ssss_cccc_rrrr_eeee_eeee_nnnn_dddd_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The screend _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee _bbbb_yyyy _JJJJ_eeee_ffff_ffff _MMMM_oooo_gggg_uuuu_llll_....  _PPPP_rrrr_oooo_vvvv_iiii_dddd_eeee_ssss _aaaa  _dddd_aaaa_eeee_mmmm_oooo_nnnn
                  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd  _kkkk_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_llll  _mmmm_oooo_dddd_iiii_ffff_iiii_cccc_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss  _tttt_oooo _aaaa_llll_llll_oooo_wwww _aaaa_llll_llll _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt_ssss _tttt_oooo _bbbb_eeee
                  _ffff_iiii_llll_tttt_eeee_rrrr_eeee_dddd _bbbb_aaaa_ssss_eeee_dddd _oooo_nnnn _ssss_oooo_uuuu_rrrr_cccc_eeee _aaaa_dddd_dddd_rrrr_eeee_ssss_ssss_,,,, _dddd_eeee_ssss_tttt_iiii_nnnn_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _aaaa_dddd_dddd_rrrr_eeee_ssss_ssss_,,,,
                  _oooo_rrrr  _aaaa_nnnn_yyyy  _oooo_tttt_hhhh_eeee_rrrr  _bbbb_yyyy_tttt_eeee  _oooo_rrrr  _ssss_eeee_tttt  _oooo_ffff _bbbb_yyyy_tttt_eeee_ssss _iiii_nnnn _tttt_hhhh_eeee _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt_....
                  _SSSS_hhhh_oooo_uuuu_llll_dddd _wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk _oooo_nnnn _mmmm_oooo_ssss_tttt _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm_ssss  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt  _uuuu_ssss_eeee  _BBBB_eeee_rrrr_kkkk_eeee_llll_eeee_yyyy_----_ssss_tttt_yyyy_llll_eeee
                  _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _iiii_nnnn _tttt_hhhh_eeee _kkkk_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_llll_,,,, _bbbb_uuuu_tttt _rrrr_eeee_qqqq_uuuu_iiii_rrrr_eeee_ssss _kkkk_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_llll _mmmm_oooo_dddd_iiii_ffff_iiii_----
                  _cccc_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss _((((_iiii_...._eeee_...._,,,, _kkkk_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_llll _ssss_oooo_uuuu_rrrr_cccc_eeee  _cccc_oooo_dddd_eeee_))))_....   _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _oooo_ffff  _2222_1111
                  _JJJJ_aaaa_nnnn_uuuu_aaaa_rrrr_yyyy _1111_9999_9999_3333_....

     _ssss_eeee_cccc_llll_iiii_bbbb_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr   The securelib _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee _bbbb_yyyy _WWWW_iiii_llll_llll_iiii_aaaa_mmmm _LLLL_eeee_FFFF_eeee_bbbb_vvvv_rrrr_eeee_....  _PPPP_rrrr_oooo_vvvv_iiii_dddd_eeee_ssss _aaaa
                  _rrrr_eeee_pppp_llll_aaaa_cccc_eeee_mmmm_eeee_nnnn_tttt  _ssss_hhhh_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_dddd  _llll_iiii_bbbb_rrrr_aaaa_rrrr_yyyy  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _SSSS_uuuu_nnnn_OOOO_SSSS _4444_...._1111_...._x _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm_ssss
                  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _oooo_ffff_ffff_eeee_rrrr_ssss _nnnn_eeee_wwww _vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss _oooo_ffff _tttt_hhhh_eeee _aaaa_cccc_cccc_eeee_pppp_tttt, _r_e_c_v_f_r_o_m_,,,,  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd
                  _rrrr_eeee_cccc_vvvv_mmmm_ssss_gggg _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_i_n_g _s_y_s_t_e_m _c_a_l_l_s.  _T_h_e_s_e _c_a_l_l_s _a_r_e _c_o_m_-
                  _p_a_t_i_b_l_e _w_i_t_h _t_h_e _o_r_i_g_i_n_a_l_s, _e_x_c_e_p_t _t_h_a_t _t_h_e_y _c_h_e_c_k _t_h_e
                  _a_d_d_r_e_s_s  _o_f  _t_h_e  _m_a_c_h_i_n_e _i_n_i_t_i_a_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _c_o_n_n_e_c_t_i_o_n _t_o
                  _m_a_k_e _s_u_r_e _i_t _i_s _a_l_l_o_w_e_d _t_o _c_o_n_n_e_c_t, _b_a_s_e_d _o_n _t_h_e  _c_o_n_-
                  _t_e_n_t_s  _o_f _a _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n _f_i_l_e.  _T_h_e _a_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e _o_f _t_h_i_s
                  _a_p_p_r_o_a_c_h _i_s _t_h_a_t _i_t _c_a_n _b_e _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_e_d _w_i_t_h_o_u_t _r_e_c_o_m_p_i_l_-
                  _i_n_g _a_n_y _s_o_f_t_w_a_r_e.  _V_e_r_s_i_o_n _3.

     _tttt_cccc_pppp_wwww_rrrr_aaaa_pppp_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The tcp_wrapper _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee _bbbb_yyyy  _WWWW_iiii_eeee_tttt_ssss_eeee  _VVVV_eeee_nnnn_eeee_mmmm_aaaa_....   _FFFF_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_eeee_rrrr_llll_yyyy
                  _cccc_aaaa_llll_llll_eeee_dddd  _llll_oooo_gggg______tttt_cccc_pppp.   Allows  monitoring and control over
                  who connects to a host's TFTP, EXEC, FTP, RSH, TELNET,
                  RLOGIN,  FINGER,  and  SYSTAT  ports.  Also includes a
                  library so that other programs can be  controlled  and
                  monitored in the same fashion.  Version 6.3.

     _xxxx_iiii_nnnn_eeee_tttt_dddd_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr   The  xinetd  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm  _bbbb_yyyy  _PPPP_aaaa_nnnn_aaaa_gggg_iiii_oooo_tttt_iiii_ssss  _TTTT_ssss_iiii_rrrr_iiii_gggg_oooo_tttt_iiii_ssss_....    _AAAA
                  _rrrr_eeee_pppp_llll_aaaa_cccc_eeee_mmmm_eeee_nnnn_tttt  _ffff_oooo_rrrr _tttt_hhhh_eeee _iiii_nnnn_eeee_tttt_dddd program that can be config-
                  ured to perform access control based on  host  address
                  or time of day, and to log significantly more informa-
                  tion than most vendor versions.  Version 2.0.6.

_1._7._3._6.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd directory contains  programs  pertaining  to
password security.  The files in this subdirectory are:

     _aaaa_nnnn_llll_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The anlpasswd  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm  _((((_ffff_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_eeee_rrrr_llll_yyyy  _pppp_eeee_rrrr_llll_----_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_dddd_2222)  from
                  Argonne   National   Library.   A  proactive  password
                  checker that refuses to let users choose ``bad'' pass-
                  words.  Version 2.2.

     _cccc_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr    The  crack  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm  _bbbb_yyyy  _AAAA_llll_eeee_cccc  _MMMM_uuuu_ffff_ffff_eeee_tttt_tttt_....   _AAAA  _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd_----
                  _cccc_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_iiii_nnnn_gggg _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _wwww_iiii_tttt_hhhh _aaaa _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ffff_iiii_gggg_uuuu_rrrr_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _llll_aaaa_nnnn_gggg_uuuu_aaaa_gggg_eeee_,,,, _aaaa_llll_llll_oooo_wwww_----
                  _iiii_nnnn_gggg _tttt_hhhh_eeee _uuuu_ssss_eeee_rrrr _tttt_oooo _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _tttt_yyyy_pppp_eeee_ssss  _oooo_ffff  _gggg_uuuu_eeee_ssss_ssss_eeee_ssss  _uuuu_ssss_eeee_dddd_....
                  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _4444_...._1111_....

     _cccc_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_llll_iiii_bbbb_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The cracklib _dddd_iiii_ssss_tttt_rrrr_iiii_bbbb_uuuu_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_,,,, _bbbb_yyyy _AAAA_llll_eeee_cccc _MMMM_uuuu_ffff_ffff_eeee_tttt_tttt_....  _AAAA _llll_iiii_bbbb_rrrr_aaaa_rrrr_yyyy



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 27 -


                  _oooo_ffff  _ffff_uuuu_nnnn_cccc_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _cccc_aaaa_nnnn _bbbb_eeee _cccc_aaaa_llll_llll_eeee_dddd _ffff_rrrr_oooo_mmmm _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_dddd-like pro-
                  grams to try to prevent users from choosing  passwords
                  that crack _wwww_oooo_uuuu_llll_dddd _bbbb_eeee _aaaa_bbbb_llll_eeee _tttt_oooo _gggg_uuuu_eeee_ssss_ssss_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _2222_...._5555_....

     _nnnn_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_dddd_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The  npasswd  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm  _bbbb_yyyy  _CCCC_llll_yyyy_dddd_eeee  _HHHH_oooo_oooo_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_....    _AAAA   _pppp_llll_uuuu_gggg_----
                  _cccc_oooo_mmmm_pppp_aaaa_tttt_iiii_bbbb_llll_eeee  _rrrr_eeee_pppp_llll_aaaa_cccc_eeee_mmmm_eeee_nnnn_tttt  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_dddd  that  refuses to
                  accept ``bad'' passwords.  Includes support for System
                  V  Release 3 password aging and Sun's Network Informa-
                  tion Service (NIS) (Yellow Pages).  Version 1.2.4.

     _oooo_bbbb_vvvv_iiii_oooo_uuuu_ssss_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The obvious-pw _ffff_uuuu_nnnn_cccc_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _bbbb_yyyy _JJJJ_oooo_hhhh_nnnn _NNNN_aaaa_gggg_llll_eeee_....  _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss  _ffff_uuuu_nnnn_cccc_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn
                  _dddd_eeee_pppp_eeee_nnnn_dddd_ssss  _uuuu_pppp_oooo_nnnn _aaaa _ssss_uuuu_bbbb_tttt_llll_eeee _pppp_rrrr_oooo_pppp_eeee_rrrr_tttt_yyyy _oooo_ffff _EEEE_nnnn_gggg_llll_iiii_ssss_hhhh_....  _LLLL_eeee_ssss_ssss _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_nnnn
                  _oooo_nnnn_eeee_----_tttt_hhhh_iiii_rrrr_dddd _oooo_ffff _tttt_hhhh_eeee _pppp_oooo_ssss_ssss_iiii_bbbb_llll_eeee  _````_````_tttt_rrrr_iiii_pppp_llll_eeee_ssss_,,,,_''''_''''  _ssss_eeee_qqqq_uuuu_eeee_nnnn_cccc_eeee_ssss  _oooo_ffff
                  _tttt_hhhh_rrrr_eeee_eeee  _llll_eeee_tttt_tttt_eeee_rrrr_ssss_,,,,  _aaaa_rrrr_eeee _uuuu_ssss_eeee_dddd _iiii_nnnn _EEEE_nnnn_gggg_llll_iiii_ssss_hhhh _wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd_ssss_....  _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss _pppp_rrrr_oooo_----
                  _pppp_eeee_rrrr_tttt_yyyy _mmmm_aaaa_kkkk_eeee_ssss _iiii_tttt _pppp_oooo_ssss_ssss_iiii_bbbb_llll_eeee _tttt_oooo _dddd_iiii_ssss_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg_uuuu_iiii_ssss_hhhh  _rrrr_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_oooo_mmmm  _llll_eeee_tttt_tttt_eeee_rrrr
                  _ssss_tttt_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_gggg_ssss  _ffff_rrrr_oooo_mmmm  _ssss_tttt_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_gggg_ssss  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt  _llll_oooo_oooo_kkkk _llll_iiii_kkkk_eeee _EEEE_nnnn_gggg_llll_iiii_ssss_hhhh _wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd_ssss_....
                  _TTTT_hhhh_eeee _iiii_dddd_eeee_aaaa _iiii_ssss _tttt_oooo _rrrr_eeee_jjjj_eeee_cccc_tttt  _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd_ssss  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt  _````_````_llll_oooo_oooo_kkkk  _llll_iiii_kkkk_eeee_''''_''''
                  _EEEE_nnnn_gggg_llll_iiii_ssss_hhhh _wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd_ssss_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _oooo_ffff _1111_0000 _NNNN_oooo_vvvv_eeee_mmmm_bbbb_eeee_rrrr _1111_9999_8888_8888_....

     _pppp_wwww_pppp_llll_uuuu_ssss_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr   The passwd+ _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _MMMM_aaaa_tttt_tttt _BBBB_iiii_ssss_hhhh_oooo_pppp_....  _AAAA _pppp_rrrr_oooo_aaaa_cccc_tttt_iiii_vvvv_eeee _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_----
                  _wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd _cccc_hhhh_eeee_cccc_kkkk_eeee_rrrr _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _iiii_ssss _dddd_rrrr_iiii_vvvv_eeee_nnnn _bbbb_yyyy _aaaa _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ffff_iiii_gggg_uuuu_rrrr_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee _tttt_oooo
                  _dddd_eeee_tttt_eeee_rrrr_mmmm_iiii_nnnn_eeee _wwww_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _tttt_yyyy_pppp_eeee_ssss _oooo_ffff  _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd_ssss  _aaaa_rrrr_eeee  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd  _aaaa_rrrr_eeee  _nnnn_oooo_tttt
                  _aaaa_llll_llll_oooo_wwww_eeee_dddd_....   _TTTT_hhhh_eeee  _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ffff_iiii_gggg_uuuu_rrrr_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee  _aaaa_llll_llll_oooo_wwww_ssss _tttt_hhhh_eeee _uuuu_ssss_eeee _oooo_ffff
                  _rrrr_eeee_gggg_uuuu_llll_aaaa_rrrr  _eeee_xxxx_pppp_rrrr_eeee_ssss_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss_,,,,  _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _cccc_oooo_mmmm_pppp_aaaa_rrrr_iiii_ssss_oooo_nnnn  _oooo_ffff   _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd_ssss
                  _aaaa_gggg_aaaa_iiii_nnnn_ssss_tttt  _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _cccc_oooo_nnnn_tttt_eeee_nnnn_tttt_ssss  _oooo_ffff _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss _((((_eeee_...._gggg_...._,,,, _dddd_iiii_cccc_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_aaaa_rrrr_iiii_eeee_ssss_))))_,,,,
                  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _tttt_hhhh_eeee _cccc_aaaa_llll_llll_iiii_nnnn_gggg _oooo_ffff _eeee_xxxx_tttt_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_aaaa_llll _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm_ssss  _tttt_oooo  _eeee_xxxx_aaaa_mmmm_iiii_nnnn_eeee  _tttt_hhhh_eeee
                  _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _oooo_ffff _1111 _DDDD_eeee_cccc_eeee_mmmm_bbbb_eeee_rrrr _1111_9999_9999_3333_....

     _ssss_hhhh_aaaa_dddd_oooo_wwww_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr   The shadow _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _JJJJ_oooo_hhhh_nnnn _FFFF_.... _HHHH_aaaa_uuuu_gggg_hhhh_,,,, _IIII_IIII_....   _AAAA  _rrrr_eeee_pppp_llll_aaaa_cccc_eeee_----
                  _mmmm_eeee_nnnn_tttt  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn and passwd _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _cccc_aaaa_nnnn _eeee_nnnn_aaaa_bbbb_llll_eeee _aaaa_nnnn_yyyy _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm
                  _tttt_oooo _uuuu_ssss_eeee _ssss_hhhh_aaaa_dddd_oooo_wwww _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss_....   _IIII_nnnn_cccc_llll_uuuu_dddd_eeee_ssss  _ssss_uuuu_pppp_pppp_oooo_rrrr_tttt  _ffff_oooo_rrrr
                  _ssss_hhhh_aaaa_dddd_oooo_wwww  _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd  _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss_,,,, _ssss_hhhh_aaaa_dddd_oooo_wwww _gggg_rrrr_oooo_uuuu_pppp _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss_,,,, _DDDD_BBBB_MMMM _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_----
                  _wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss_,,,,  _dddd_oooo_uuuu_bbbb_llll_eeee  _llll_eeee_nnnn_gggg_tttt_hhhh  _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd_ssss_,,,,  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd  _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_oooo_rrrr_dddd
                  _aaaa_gggg_iiii_nnnn_gggg_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _3333_...._1111_...._4444_....

_1._7._3._7.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_ssss_yyyy_ssss_mmmm_oooo_nnnn

The _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_ssss_yyyy_ssss_mmmm_oooo_nnnn directory  contains  programs  for  monitoring
system security.  The files in this directory are:

     _bbbb_iiii_nnnn_aaaa_uuuu_dddd_iiii_tttt_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The RIACS Intelligent Auditing and  Categorizing  Sys-
                  tem, from the Research Institute for Advanced Computer
                  Science.  A file system auditing program that compares
                  current  contents  against  previously-generated list-
                  ings, and reports differences.  Version 3.1.3.

     _cccc_oooo_pppp_ssss_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr     The Computer Oracle and Password System (COPS) package
                  from  Purdue  University.   Examines  a  system  for a
                  number of  known  weaknesses  and  alerts  the  system
                  administrator  to them; in some cases it can automati-
                  cally correct these problems.  Version 1.04.

     _cccc_pppp_mmmm_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr      The  cpm  program  from  Carnegie  Mellon  University.
                  Checks   a   system  for  any  network  interfaces  in



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 28 -


                  promiscuous mode; this may indicate that  an  attacker
                  has  broken  in and started a packet snooping program.
                  Version 1.0.

     _iiii_ffff_ssss_tttt_aaaa_tttt_uuuu_ssss_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The ifstatus _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _DDDD_aaaa_vvvv_eeee _CCCC_uuuu_rrrr_rrrr_yyyy_....  _CCCC_hhhh_eeee_cccc_kkkk_ssss  _aaaa  _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm
                  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _aaaa_nnnn_yyyy  _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk _iiii_nnnn_tttt_eeee_rrrr_ffff_aaaa_cccc_eeee_ssss _iiii_nnnn _pppp_rrrr_oooo_mmmm_iiii_ssss_cccc_uuuu_oooo_uuuu_ssss _mmmm_oooo_dddd_eeee_;;;; _tttt_hhhh_iiii_ssss
                  _mmmm_aaaa_yyyy _iiii_nnnn_dddd_iiii_cccc_aaaa_tttt_eeee  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt  _aaaa_nnnn  _aaaa_tttt_tttt_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_rrrr  _hhhh_aaaa_ssss  _bbbb_rrrr_oooo_kkkk_eeee_nnnn  _iiii_nnnn  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd
                  _ssss_tttt_aaaa_rrrr_tttt_eeee_dddd _aaaa _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt _ssss_nnnn_oooo_oooo_pppp_iiii_nnnn_gggg _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm_....  _DDDD_eeee_ssss_iiii_gggg_nnnn_eeee_dddd _tttt_oooo _bbbb_eeee _rrrr_uuuu_nnnn
                  _oooo_uuuu_tttt _oooo_ffff _cccc_rrrr_oooo_nnnn.

     _iiii_ssss_ssss_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr      The iss _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _CCCC_hhhh_rrrr_iiii_ssss_tttt_oooo_pppp_hhhh_eeee_rrrr _KKKK_llll_aaaa_uuuu_ssss_....   _AAAA  _mmmm_uuuu_llll_tttt_iiii_----_llll_eeee_vvvv_eeee_llll
                  _ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy  _ssss_cccc_aaaa_nnnn_nnnn_eeee_rrrr  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt  _cccc_hhhh_eeee_cccc_kkkk_ssss  _aaaa  _UUUU_NNNN_IIII_XXXX  _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm _ffff_oooo_rrrr _aaaa
                  _nnnn_uuuu_mmmm_bbbb_eeee_rrrr _oooo_ffff _kkkk_nnnn_oooo_wwww_nnnn _ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy _hhhh_oooo_llll_eeee_ssss _ssss_uuuu_cccc_hhhh _aaaa_ssss  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_bbbb_llll_eeee_mmmm_ssss  _wwww_iiii_tttt_hhhh
                  _ssss_eeee_nnnn_dddd_mmmm_aaaa_iiii_llll, improperly configured NFS file sharing, etc.
                  Version 1.21.

     _ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_eeee_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr   The programs and scripts from  the  appendix  of  _U_N_I_X
                  _S_y_s_t_e_m  _S_e_c_u_r_i_t_y  by  Patrick  Wood and Steven Kochan.
                  Version of 25 February 1989.

     _ssss_wwww_aaaa_tttt_cccc_hhhh_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr   The Swatch _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee _bbbb_yyyy _SSSS_tttt_eeee_pppp_hhhh_eeee_nnnn _HHHH_aaaa_nnnn_ssss_eeee_nnnn _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _TTTT_oooo_dddd_dddd  _AAAA_tttt_kkkk_iiii_nnnn_ssss_....
                  _AAAA  _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _mmmm_oooo_nnnn_iiii_tttt_oooo_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_gggg _eeee_vvvv_eeee_nnnn_tttt_ssss _oooo_nnnn _aaaa _llll_aaaa_rrrr_gggg_eeee _nnnn_uuuu_mmmm_bbbb_eeee_rrrr _oooo_ffff
                  _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm_ssss_....  _MMMM_oooo_dddd_iiii_ffff_iiii_eeee_ssss _cccc_eeee_rrrr_tttt_aaaa_iiii_nnnn _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm_ssss _tttt_oooo  _eeee_nnnn_hhhh_aaaa_nnnn_cccc_eeee  _tttt_hhhh_eeee_iiii_rrrr
                  _llll_oooo_gggg_gggg_iiii_nnnn_gggg _cccc_aaaa_pppp_aaaa_bbbb_iiii_llll_iiii_tttt_iiii_eeee_ssss_,,,, _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee _tttt_oooo _tttt_hhhh_eeee_nnnn _mmmm_oooo_nnnn_iiii_tttt_oooo_rrrr _tttt_hhhh_eeee
                  _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm _llll_oooo_gggg_ssss _ffff_oooo_rrrr _````_````_iiii_mmmm_pppp_oooo_rrrr_tttt_aaaa_nnnn_tttt_''''_'''' _mmmm_eeee_ssss_ssss_aaaa_gggg_eeee_ssss_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _2222_...._1111_....

     _tttt_aaaa_mmmm_uuuu         This subdirectory contains the various  TAMU  security
                  tools from Texas A&M University.  The contents of this
                  directory are:

                  _cccc_hhhh_eeee_cccc_kkkk_...._tttt_xxxx_tttt    A shell script for checking the integrity
                               of the distribution.

                  _dddd_rrrr_aaaa_wwww_bbbb_rrrr_iiii_dddd_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The drawbridge _bbbb_rrrr_iiii_dddd_gggg_iiii_nnnn_gggg _ffff_iiii_llll_tttt_eeee_rrrr_....  _IIII_tttt  _uuuu_ssss_eeee_ssss
                               _aaaa  _PPPP_CCCC  _wwww_iiii_tttt_hhhh _tttt_wwww_oooo _eeee_tttt_hhhh_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_tttt _cccc_aaaa_rrrr_dddd_ssss _tttt_oooo _pppp_eeee_rrrr_ffff_oooo_rrrr_mmmm
                               _tttt_hhhh_eeee _ffff_iiii_llll_tttt_eeee_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_gggg_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _1111_...._1111_....

                  _nnnn_eeee_tttt_llll_oooo_gggg_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr   The netlog _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm_ssss_....  _TTTT_hhhh_eeee_ssss_eeee _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ssss_tttt_iiii_tttt_uuuu_tttt_eeee  _aaaa
                               _TTTT_CCCC_PPPP   _aaaa_nnnn_dddd  _UUUU_DDDD_PPPP  _tttt_rrrr_aaaa_ffff_ffff_iiii_cccc  _llll_oooo_gggg_gggg_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm_,,,,
                               _uuuu_ssss_aaaa_bbbb_llll_eeee _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _llll_oooo_cccc_aaaa_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _ssss_uuuu_ssss_pppp_iiii_cccc_iiii_oooo_uuuu_ssss  _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk
                               _tttt_rrrr_aaaa_ffff_ffff_iiii_cccc_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _1111_...._2222_....

                  _ssss_pppp_aaaa_rrrr_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr     The spar  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm_,,,,  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _ssss_hhhh_oooo_wwww_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_cccc_eeee_ssss_ssss
                               _aaaa_cccc_cccc_oooo_uuuu_nnnn_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _rrrr_eeee_cccc_oooo_rrrr_dddd_ssss_....   _MMMM_uuuu_cccc_hhhh _mmmm_oooo_rrrr_eeee _ffff_llll_eeee_xxxx_iiii_bbbb_llll_eeee
                               _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _pppp_oooo_wwww_eeee_rrrr_ffff_uuuu_llll _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_nnnn _tttt_hhhh_eeee _ssss_tttt_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_aaaa_rrrr_dddd _UUUU_NNNN_IIII_XXXX _uuuu_tttt_iiii_llll_----
                               _iiii_tttt_iiii_eeee_ssss _ssss_uuuu_cccc_hhhh _aaaa_ssss _llll_aaaa_ssss_tttt_cccc_oooo_mmmm_mmmm.  Version 1.2.

                  _ssss_rrrr_aaaa_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr      The sra _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm_,,,,  _wwww_hhhh_iiii_cccc_hhhh  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_vvvv_iiii_dddd_eeee_ssss  _ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_eeee
                               _RRRR_PPPP_CCCC  _aaaa_uuuu_tttt_hhhh_eeee_nnnn_tttt_iiii_cccc_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _FFFF_TTTT_PPPP _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _TTTT_EEEE_LLLL_NNNN_EEEE_TTTT_....
                               _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _1111_...._3333_....

                  _tttt_iiii_gggg_eeee_rrrr_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr    The tiger _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee  _oooo_ffff  _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm  _mmmm_oooo_nnnn_iiii_tttt_oooo_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_gggg
                               _ssss_cccc_rrrr_iiii_pppp_tttt_ssss_....   _SSSS_iiii_mmmm_iiii_llll_aaaa_rrrr  _tttt_oooo  _CCCC_OOOO_PPPP_SSSS _iiii_nnnn _wwww_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _tttt_hhhh_eeee_yyyy
                               _dddd_oooo_,,,, _bbbb_uuuu_tttt _ssss_iiii_gggg_nnnn_iiii_ffff_iiii_cccc_aaaa_nnnn_tttt_llll_yyyy _mmmm_oooo_rrrr_eeee  _uuuu_pppp  _tttt_oooo  _dddd_aaaa_tttt_eeee_,,,,



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 29 -


                               _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _eeee_aaaa_ssss_iiii_eeee_rrrr _tttt_oooo _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ffff_iiii_gggg_uuuu_rrrr_eeee _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _uuuu_ssss_eeee_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn
                               _2222_...._2222_...._3333_....

                  _tttt_iiii_gggg_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_gggg_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The  digital  signature   databases   for
                               several  operating  system distributions,
                               for use by the tiger _ffff_iiii_llll_eeee _iiii_nnnn_tttt_eeee_gggg_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy _ssss_cccc_aaaa_nnnn_----
                               _nnnn_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _ssss_cccc_rrrr_iiii_pppp_tttt_ssss_....   _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _oooo_ffff  _2222_3333 _DDDD_eeee_cccc_eeee_mmmm_bbbb_eeee_rrrr
                               _1111_9999_9999_3333_....

     _tttt_rrrr_iiii_pppp_wwww_iiii_rrrr_eeee_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The Tripwire package from  Purdue  University.   Scans
                  file  systems  and computes digital signatures for the
                  files therein, then can be used later to  check  those
                  files for any changes.  Version 1.1.

     _wwww_aaaa_tttt_cccc_hhhh_eeee_rrrr_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The Watcher _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_gggg_eeee _bbbb_yyyy _KKKK_eeee_nnnn_nnnn_eeee_tttt_hhhh _IIII_nnnn_gggg_hhhh_aaaa_mmmm_....  _AAAA _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ffff_iiii_gggg_uuuu_rrrr_aaaa_bbbb_llll_eeee
                  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd  _eeee_xxxx_tttt_eeee_nnnn_ssss_iiii_bbbb_llll_eeee  _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm  _mmmm_oooo_nnnn_iiii_tttt_oooo_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_gggg _tttt_oooo_oooo_llll _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _iiii_ssss_ssss_uuuu_eeee_ssss _aaaa
                  _nnnn_uuuu_mmmm_bbbb_eeee_rrrr _oooo_ffff _uuuu_ssss_eeee_rrrr_----_ssss_pppp_eeee_cccc_iiii_ffff_iiii_eeee_dddd _cccc_oooo_mmmm_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_ssss_,,,, _pppp_aaaa_rrrr_ssss_eeee_ssss _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _oooo_uuuu_tttt_pppp_uuuu_tttt_,,,,
                  _cccc_hhhh_eeee_cccc_kkkk_ssss  _ffff_oooo_rrrr _iiii_tttt_eeee_mmmm_ssss _oooo_ffff _ssss_iiii_gggg_nnnn_iiii_ffff_iiii_cccc_aaaa_nnnn_cccc_eeee_,,,, _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _rrrr_eeee_pppp_oooo_rrrr_tttt_ssss _tttt_hhhh_eeee_mmmm _tttt_oooo
                  _tttt_hhhh_eeee _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm _aaaa_dddd_mmmm_iiii_nnnn_iiii_ssss_tttt_rrrr_aaaa_tttt_oooo_rrrr_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _oooo_ffff _1111_5555 _JJJJ_uuuu_llll_yyyy _1111_9999_9999_1111_....

_1._7._3._8.  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_tttt_oooo_oooo_llll_ssss

The  _////_ssss_oooo_ffff_tttt_wwww_aaaa_rrrr_eeee_////_uuuu_nnnn_iiii_xxxx_////_tttt_oooo_oooo_llll_ssss  directory  contains  programs  that  are  not
specifically  designed  for computer security uses, but are nevertheless
useful to the security practitioner.  The files in this directory are:

     _dddd_iiii_gggg_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr      The dig _uuuu_tttt_iiii_llll_iiii_tttt_yyyy _bbbb_yyyy _SSSS_tttt_eeee_vvvv_eeee _HHHH_oooo_tttt_zzzz  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd  _PPPP_aaaa_uuuu_llll  _MMMM_oooo_cccc_kkkk_aaaa_pppp_eeee_tttt_rrrr_iiii_ssss_....
                  _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss  _iiii_ssss  _aaaa _cccc_oooo_mmmm_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_----_llll_iiii_nnnn_eeee _tttt_oooo_oooo_llll _ffff_oooo_rrrr _qqqq_uuuu_eeee_rrrr_yyyy_iiii_nnnn_gggg _DDDD_oooo_mmmm_aaaa_iiii_nnnn _NNNN_aaaa_mmmm_eeee
                  _SSSS_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm  _ssss_eeee_rrrr_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_....   _IIII_tttt  _iiii_ssss  _mmmm_uuuu_cccc_hhhh  _eeee_aaaa_ssss_iiii_eeee_rrrr  _tttt_oooo  _uuuu_ssss_eeee  _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_nnnn
                  _nnnn_ssss_llll_oooo_oooo_kkkk_uuuu_pppp,  and  is  well-suited  for  use within shell
                  scripts.  Version 2.0.

     _ffff_rrrr_eeee_mmmm_oooo_nnnn_tttt_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The fremont _uuuu_tttt_iiii_llll_iiii_tttt_yyyy _ffff_rrrr_oooo_mmmm _tttt_hhhh_eeee _UUUU_nnnn_iiii_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_tttt_yyyy  _oooo_ffff  _CCCC_oooo_llll_oooo_rrrr_aaaa_dddd_oooo_....
                  _AAAA  _rrrr_eeee_ssss_eeee_aaaa_rrrr_cccc_hhhh  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_tttt_oooo_tttt_yyyy_pppp_eeee  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _dddd_iiii_ssss_cccc_oooo_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _kkkk_eeee_yyyy  _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk
                  _cccc_hhhh_aaaa_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_tttt_eeee_rrrr_iiii_ssss_tttt_iiii_cccc_ssss _ssss_uuuu_cccc_hhhh _aaaa_ssss _hhhh_oooo_ssss_tttt_ssss_,,,, _gggg_aaaa_tttt_eeee_wwww_aaaa_yyyy_ssss_,,,, _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _tttt_oooo_pppp_oooo_llll_oooo_gggg_yyyy_....
                  _SSSS_tttt_oooo_rrrr_eeee_ssss  _tttt_hhhh_iiii_ssss  _iiii_nnnn_ffff_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _iiii_nnnn _aaaa _dddd_aaaa_tttt_aaaa_bbbb_aaaa_ssss_eeee_,,,, _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _cccc_aaaa_nnnn _tttt_hhhh_eeee_nnnn
                  _nnnn_oooo_tttt_iiii_ffff_yyyy _tttt_hhhh_eeee _aaaa_dddd_mmmm_iiii_nnnn_iiii_ssss_tttt_rrrr_aaaa_tttt_oooo_rrrr _oooo_ffff _aaaa_nnnn_oooo_mmmm_aaaa_llll_iiii_eeee_ssss _dddd_eeee_tttt_eeee_cccc_tttt_eeee_dddd_....   _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_----
                  _ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _1111_...._0000_2222_....

     _gggg_aaaa_tttt_eeee_dddd_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr    The gated _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _ffff_rrrr_oooo_mmmm _CCCC_oooo_rrrr_nnnn_eeee_llll_llll _UUUU_nnnn_iiii_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_tttt_yyyy_....  _AAAA  _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk
                  _rrrr_oooo_uuuu_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg _dddd_aaaa_eeee_mmmm_oooo_nnnn _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _uuuu_nnnn_dddd_eeee_rrrr_ssss_tttt_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_ssss _tttt_hhhh_eeee _BBBB_GGGG_PPPP_,,,, _EEEE_GGGG_PPPP_,,,, _RRRR_IIII_PPPP_,,,, _RRRR_IIII_PPPP
                  _IIII_IIII_,,,, _OOOO_SSSS_PPPP_FFFF_,,,, _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _HHHH_EEEE_LLLL_LLLL_OOOO _pppp_rrrr_oooo_tttt_oooo_cccc_oooo_llll_ssss_....  _TTTT_hhhh_eeee _pppp_rrrr_iiii_mmmm_aaaa_rrrr_yyyy  _aaaa_dddd_vvvv_aaaa_nnnn_tttt_aaaa_gggg_eeee
                  _tttt_oooo _gggg_aaaa_tttt_eeee_dddd is that it is much more configurable than the
                  routed _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _cccc_oooo_mmmm_eeee_ssss _wwww_iiii_tttt_hhhh _mmmm_oooo_ssss_tttt _UUUU_NNNN_IIII_XXXX _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm_ssss_;;;; _tttt_hhhh_iiii_ssss
                  _cccc_aaaa_nnnn _bbbb_eeee _uuuu_ssss_eeee_ffff_uuuu_llll _wwww_hhhh_eeee_nnnn _cccc_oooo_nnnn_ssss_tttt_rrrr_uuuu_cccc_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg _ffff_iiii_rrrr_eeee_wwww_aaaa_llll_llll_ssss _oooo_rrrr _oooo_tttt_hhhh_eeee_rrrr_wwww_iiii_ssss_eeee
                  _tttt_rrrr_yyyy_iiii_nnnn_gggg _tttt_oooo _llll_iiii_mmmm_iiii_tttt _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _aaaa_dddd_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_tttt_iiii_ssss_eeee_mmmm_eeee_nnnn_tttt  _oooo_rrrr  _aaaa_cccc_cccc_eeee_pppp_tttt_aaaa_nnnn_cccc_eeee  _oooo_ffff
                  _rrrr_oooo_uuuu_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg _iiii_nnnn_ffff_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn_....  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _3333_...._0000_...._3333_....

     _hhhh_oooo_ssss_tttt_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr     The host _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _EEEE_rrrr_iiii_cccc  _WWWW_aaaa_ssss_ssss_eeee_nnnn_aaaa_aaaa_rrrr_....   _AAAA  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm  _ffff_oooo_rrrr
                  _oooo_bbbb_tttt_aaaa_iiii_nnnn_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _iiii_nnnn_ffff_oooo_rrrr_mmmm_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _ffff_rrrr_oooo_mmmm  _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _DDDD_oooo_mmmm_aaaa_iiii_nnnn _NNNN_aaaa_mmmm_eeee _SSSS_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm_....
                  _MMMM_uuuu_cccc_hhhh _mmmm_oooo_rrrr_eeee _ffff_llll_eeee_xxxx_iiii_bbbb_llll_eeee _tttt_hhhh_aaaa_nnnn _nnnn_ssss_llll_oooo_oooo_kkkk_uuuu_pppp, and well-suited  for
                  use in shell scripts.  Version of 23 June 1994.

     _llll_ssss_oooo_ffff_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr     The lsof _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _VVVV_iiii_cccc _AAAA_bbbb_eeee_llll_llll_....  _AAAA _dddd_eeee_ssss_cccc_eeee_nnnn_dddd_aaaa_nnnn_tttt _oooo_ffff _oooo_ffff_iiii_llll_eeee_ssss



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 30 -


                  and  fstat,  lsof  is used to list all open files (and
                  network connections, pipes, streams, etc.) on  a  sys-
                  tem.   Can  find out which processes have a given file
                  open, which files a specific process has open, and  so
                  forth.   Useful for tracing network connections to the
                  processes using them, as well.  Version 3.02.

     _nnnn_ffff_ssss_wwww_aaaa_tttt_cccc_hhhh_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr The nfswatch _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _DDDD_aaaa_vvvv_eeee  _CCCC_uuuu_rrrr_rrrr_yyyy  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd  _JJJJ_eeee_ffff_ffff  _MMMM_oooo_gggg_uuuu_llll_....
                  _MMMM_oooo_nnnn_iiii_tttt_oooo_rrrr_ssss  _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _llll_oooo_cccc_aaaa_llll  _nnnn_eeee_tttt_wwww_oooo_rrrr_kkkk  _ffff_oooo_rrrr  _NNNN_FFFF_SSSS  _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt_ssss_,,,,  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd
                  _dddd_eeee_cccc_oooo_dddd_eeee_ssss _tttt_hhhh_eeee_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy  _cccc_llll_iiii_eeee_nnnn_tttt  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd  _ssss_eeee_rrrr_vvvv_eeee_rrrr  _nnnn_aaaa_mmmm_eeee_,,,,  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_cccc_eeee_dddd_uuuu_rrrr_eeee
                  _nnnn_aaaa_mmmm_eeee_,,,, _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _ssss_oooo _ffff_oooo_rrrr_tttt_hhhh_....  _CCCC_aaaa_nnnn _bbbb_eeee _uuuu_ssss_eeee_dddd _tttt_oooo _dddd_eeee_tttt_eeee_rrrr_mmmm_iiii_nnnn_eeee _hhhh_oooo_wwww _mmmm_uuuu_cccc_hhhh
                  _tttt_rrrr_aaaa_ffff_ffff_iiii_cccc _eeee_aaaa_cccc_hhhh _cccc_llll_iiii_eeee_nnnn_tttt _iiii_ssss _ssss_eeee_nnnn_dddd_iiii_nnnn_gggg _tttt_oooo _aaaa _ssss_eeee_rrrr_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_,,,, _wwww_hhhh_aaaa_tttt _uuuu_ssss_eeee_rrrr_ssss
                  _aaaa_rrrr_eeee  _aaaa_cccc_cccc_eeee_ssss_ssss_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _ssss_eeee_rrrr_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_,,,,  _aaaa_nnnn_dddd _ssss_eeee_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_aaaa_llll _oooo_tttt_hhhh_eeee_rrrr _mmmm_oooo_dddd_eeee_ssss_....
                  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _4444_...._1111_....

     _rrrr_dddd_iiii_ssss_tttt_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr    The rdist _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _ffff_rrrr_oooo_mmmm _tttt_hhhh_eeee _UUUU_nnnn_iiii_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_tttt_yyyy _oooo_ffff _SSSS_oooo_uuuu_tttt_hhhh_eeee_rrrr_nnnn _CCCC_aaaa_llll_----
                  _iiii_ffff_oooo_rrrr_nnnn_iiii_aaaa_....  _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss _iiii_ssss _aaaa _rrrr_eeee_pppp_llll_aaaa_cccc_eeee_mmmm_eeee_nnnn_tttt _ffff_oooo_rrrr _tttt_hhhh_eeee _rrrr_dddd_iiii_ssss_tttt software
                  distribution utility that originated in Berkeley  UNIX
                  and  is  now  shipped with most vendors' releases.  In
                  addition to a number of  wonderful  new  features  and
                  improvements,  this  version  has  had all known rdist
                  _ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy _hhhh_oooo_llll_eeee_ssss _ffff_iiii_xxxx_eeee_dddd_....  _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss _vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _dddd_oooo_eeee_ssss _nnnn_oooo_tttt  _nnnn_eeee_eeee_dddd  _tttt_oooo
                  _rrrr_uuuu_nnnn _ssss_eeee_tttt_----_uuuu_ssss_eeee_rrrr_----_iiii_dddd _````_````_rrrr_oooo_oooo_tttt_,,,,_''''_'''' _uuuu_nnnn_llll_iiii_kkkk_eeee _tttt_hhhh_eeee _ssss_tttt_aaaa_nnnn_dddd_aaaa_rrrr_dddd _vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn_....
                  _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn _6666_...._1111_...._0000_....

     _ssss_eeee_nnnn_dddd_mmmm_aaaa_iiii_llll     The sendmail _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _EEEE_rrrr_iiii_cccc _AAAA_llll_llll_mmmm_aaaa_nnnn_....   _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss  _ssss_uuuu_bbbb_dddd_iiii_rrrr_eeee_cccc_----
                  _tttt_oooo_rrrr_yyyy _cccc_oooo_nnnn_tttt_aaaa_iiii_nnnn_ssss _tttt_hhhh_eeee _ssss_eeee_nnnn_dddd_mmmm_aaaa_iiii_llll source code, the documenta-
                  tion, and the sample configuration files.   This  ver-
                  sion  is  a  successor to the version described in the
                  _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l book from O'Reilly  and  Associates,  and  is
                  much newer than the versions shipped by most UNIX ven-
                  dors.  In addition to a number of improvements and bug
                  fixes,  this  version  has all known sendmail _s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y
                  _h_o_l_e_s _f_i_x_e_d.   _I_t  _i_s  _l_i_k_e_l_y  _t_h_a_t  _t_h_i_s  _v_e_r_s_i_o_n  _o_f
                  _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l  is  more secure than the versions shipped by
                  any UNIX vendor.  Version 8.6.9.

     _tttt_cccc_pppp_dddd_uuuu_mmmm_pppp_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The tcpdump _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _VVVV_aaaa_nnnn _JJJJ_aaaa_cccc_oooo_bbbb_ssss_oooo_nnnn_....  _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm  _iiii_ssss
                  _ssss_iiii_mmmm_iiii_llll_aaaa_rrrr _tttt_oooo _SSSS_uuuu_nnnn_''''_ssss _eeee_tttt_hhhh_eeee_rrrr_ffff_iiii_nnnn_dddd, but somewhat more powerful
                  and slightly easier to use.  It captures packets  from
                  an  Ethernet  in  promiscuous mode, and displays their
                  contents.  Numerous options exist to filter the output
                  down  to only those packets of interest.  This version
                  runs on a number of different UNIX platforms.  Version
                  3.0.

     _tttt_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_eeee_rrrr_tttt_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr  The traceroute _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm _bbbb_yyyy _VVVV_aaaa_nnnn _JJJJ_aaaa_cccc_oooo_bbbb_ssss_oooo_nnnn_....  _AAAA _uuuu_tttt_iiii_llll_iiii_tttt_yyyy  _tttt_oooo
                  _tttt_rrrr_aaaa_cccc_eeee  _tttt_hhhh_eeee  _rrrr_oooo_uuuu_tttt_eeee  _IIII_PPPP  _pppp_aaaa_cccc_kkkk_eeee_tttt_ssss _ffff_rrrr_oooo_mmmm _tttt_hhhh_eeee _cccc_uuuu_rrrr_rrrr_eeee_nnnn_tttt _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm
                  _tttt_aaaa_kkkk_eeee _iiii_nnnn _gggg_eeee_tttt_tttt_iiii_nnnn_gggg _tttt_oooo _ssss_oooo_mmmm_eeee _dddd_eeee_ssss_tttt_iiii_nnnn_aaaa_tttt_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm_....   _VVVV_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn
                  _oooo_ffff _2222_8888 _FFFF_eeee_bbbb_rrrr_uuuu_aaaa_rrrr_yyyy _1111_9999_8888_9999_....

     _wwww_uuuu_ffff_tttt_pppp_dddd_...._tttt_aaaa_rrrr   The ftpd _pppp_rrrr_oooo_gggg_rrrr_aaaa_mmmm  _ffff_rrrr_oooo_mmmm  _WWWW_aaaa_ssss_hhhh_iiii_nnnn_gggg_tttt_oooo_nnnn  _UUUU_nnnn_iiii_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_tttt_yyyy_....   _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss
                  _vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn  _iiii_ssss  _dddd_eeee_ssss_iiii_gggg_nnnn_eeee_dddd  _ffff_oooo_rrrr _uuuu_ssss_eeee _bbbb_yyyy _llll_aaaa_rrrr_gggg_eeee _FFFF_TTTT_PPPP _ssss_iiii_tttt_eeee_ssss_,,,, _aaaa_nnnn_dddd
                  _pppp_rrrr_oooo_vvvv_iiii_dddd_eeee_ssss _aaaa _nnnn_uuuu_mmmm_bbbb_eeee_rrrr _oooo_ffff  _ffff_eeee_aaaa_tttt_uuuu_rrrr_eeee_ssss  _nnnn_oooo_tttt  _ffff_oooo_uuuu_nnnn_dddd  _iiii_nnnn  _vvvv_eeee_nnnn_dddd_oooo_rrrr



                              July 4, 1994





                                 - 31 -


                  _vvvv_eeee_rrrr_ssss_iiii_oooo_nnnn_ssss_,,,,  _iiii_nnnn_cccc_llll_uuuu_dddd_iiii_nnnn_gggg  _iiii_nnnn_cccc_rrrr_eeee_aaaa_ssss_eeee_dddd _ssss_eeee_cccc_uuuu_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy_....  _TTTT_hhhh_iiii_ssss _iiii_ssss _tttt_hhhh_eeee
                  _ffff_tttt_pppp_dddd  used  by  most  major   FTP   sites,   including
                  _w_u_a_r_c_h_i_v_e._w_u_s_t_l._e_d_u,  _f_t_p._u_u._n_e_t, and _o_a_k._o_a_k_l_a_n_d._e_d_u.
                  _N_O_T_E:  Releases of wu-ftpd _p_r_i_o_r _t_o _v_e_r_s_i_o_n _2._4 _h_a_v_e _a
                  _s_e_r_i_o_u_s  _s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y _h_o_l_e _i_n _t_h_e_m, _a_n_d _s_h_o_u_l_d _b_e _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_d
                  _a_s _s_o_o_n _a_s _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e _w_i_t_h _t_h_e _l_a_t_e_s_t _v_e_r_s_i_o_n.   _V_e_r_s_i_o_n
                  _2._4.

_1._8.  _////_tttt_eeee_aaaa_mmmm_iiii_nnnn_ffff_oooo

The _////_tttt_eeee_aaaa_mmmm_iiii_nnnn_ffff_oooo directory contains information about and provided  by  the
FIRST  member teams.  Includes advisories, articles, etc.  The subdirec-
tories of this directory are:

     _aaaa_ssss_ssss_iiii_ssss_tttt       The United States Department of Defense Automated Sys-
                  tems Security Incident Response Team (ASSIST).

     _cccc_eeee_rrrr_tttt         The     DARPA     Computer     Emergency      Response
                  Team/Coordination Center (CERT/CC).

     _cccc_eeee_rrrr_tttt______iiii_tttt      The Italian Computer Emergency Response  Team  at  the
                  University of Milan.  (CERT-IT).

     _cccc_eeee_rrrr_tttt______nnnn_llll      The Netherlands (SURFnet) Computer Emergency  Response
                  Team (CERT-NL).

     _cccc_iiii_aaaa_cccc         The  United  States  Department  of  Energy   Computer
                  Incident Advisory Capability.  (CIAC).

     _dddd_dddd_nnnn_ssss_cccc_cccc       The United States Defense Information  Systems  Agency
                  (DISA)  Defense  Data  Network  Security  Coordination
                  Center.  (DDN SCC).

     _dddd_ffff_nnnn______cccc_eeee_rrrr_tttt     The  German  Research   Network   Computer   Emergency
                  Response Team.  (DFN-CERT).

     _ffff_iiii_rrrr_ssss_tttt        The Forum of  Incident  Response  and  Security  Teams
                  (FIRST).

     _nnnn_aaaa_ssss_iiii_rrrr_cccc       The NASA Automated Systems Incident Response  Capabil-
                  ity (NASIRC).

     _nnnn_iiii_ssss_tttt         The United States National Institute of Standards  and
                  Technology  Computer  Security  Resource  Center (NIST
                  CSRC).












                              July 4, 1994