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GNU Info File  |  1994-08-02  |  18.3 KB  |  643 lines
  1. This is Info file elisp, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the input file
  2. elisp.texi.
  3.  
  4.    This version is newer than the second printed edition of the GNU
  5. Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.  It corresponds to Emacs Version 19.19.
  6.  
  7.    Published by the Free Software Foundation 675 Massachusetts Avenue
  8. Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
  9.  
  10.    Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  11.  
  12.    Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
  13. manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
  14. preserved on all copies.
  15.  
  16.    Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
  17. this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
  18. the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
  19. permission notice identical to this one.
  20.  
  21.    Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
  22. manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
  23. versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
  24. translation approved by the Foundation.
  25.  
  26.    Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
  27. this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
  28. that the section entitled "GNU Emacs General Public License" is included
  29. exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting
  30. derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
  31. identical to this one.
  32.  
  33.    Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
  34. manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
  35. versions, except that the section entitled "GNU Emacs General Public
  36. License" may be included in a translation approved by the Free Software
  37. Foundation instead of in the original English.
  38.  
  39. 
  40. Indirect:
  41. elisp-1: 1746
  42. elisp-2: 35788
  43. elisp-3: 80782
  44. elisp-4: 129948
  45. elisp-5: 177456
  46. elisp-6: 225961
  47. elisp-7: 273612
  48. elisp-8: 322089
  49. elisp-9: 372069
  50. elisp-10: 421559
  51. elisp-11: 470457
  52. elisp-12: 518480
  53. elisp-13: 567999
  54. elisp-14: 614771
  55. elisp-15: 664437
  56. elisp-16: 711646
  57. elisp-17: 761601
  58. elisp-18: 811424
  59. elisp-19: 857444
  60. elisp-20: 907026
  61. elisp-21: 956635
  62. elisp-22: 1005454
  63. elisp-23: 1055239
  64. elisp-24: 1105044
  65. elisp-25: 1151556
  66. elisp-26: 1200040
  67. elisp-27: 1248050
  68. elisp-28: 1297082
  69. elisp-29: 1343851
  70. elisp-30: 1393850
  71. elisp-31: 1429392
  72. elisp-32: 1447280
  73. 
  74. Tag Table:
  75. (Indirect)
  76. Node: Top1746
  77. Node: Copying35788
  78. Node: Introduction54939
  79. Node: Caveats56514
  80. Node: Lisp History58160
  81. Node: Conventions59417
  82. Node: Some Terms60225
  83. Node: nil and t60953
  84. Node: Evaluation Notation62628
  85. Node: Printing Notation63549
  86. Node: Error Messages64453
  87. Node: Buffer Text Notation64892
  88. Node: Format of Descriptions65777
  89. Node: A Sample Function Description66624
  90. Node: A Sample Variable Description70637
  91. Node: Acknowledgements71543
  92. Node: Types of Lisp Object72600
  93. Node: Printed Representation74901
  94. Node: Comments76943
  95. Node: Programming Types77578
  96. Node: Integer Type79165
  97. Node: Floating Point Type80106
  98. Node: Character Type80782
  99. Node: Sequence Type87564
  100. Node: List Type88890
  101. Node: Dotted Pair Notation93192
  102. Node: Association List Type95348
  103. Node: Array Type96241
  104. Node: String Type97521
  105. Node: Vector Type100530
  106. Node: Symbol Type101291
  107. Node: Lisp Function Type103995
  108. Node: Lisp Macro Type105131
  109. Node: Primitive Function Type105840
  110. Node: Byte-Code Type107385
  111. Node: Autoload Type107979
  112. Node: Editing Types108918
  113. Node: Buffer Type109853
  114. Node: Window Type111643
  115. Node: Frame Type112832
  116. Node: Window Configuration Type113512
  117. Node: Marker Type114061
  118. Node: Process Type114828
  119. Node: Stream Type115754
  120. Node: Keymap Type116881
  121. Node: Syntax Table Type117335
  122. Node: Display Table Type118285
  123. Node: Overlay Type118639
  124. Node: Type Predicates119139
  125. Node: Equality Predicates122112
  126. Node: Numbers125036
  127. Node: Integer Basics126484
  128. Node: Float Basics128840
  129. Node: Predicates on Numbers129948
  130. Node: Comparison of Numbers131837
  131. Node: Numeric Conversions134789
  132. Node: Arithmetic Operations136105
  133. Node: Bitwise Operations141580
  134. Node: Transcendental Functions150899
  135. Node: Random Numbers152481
  136. Node: Strings and Characters154229
  137. Node: Intro to Strings155426
  138. Node: Predicates for Strings157679
  139. Node: Creating Strings158235
  140. Node: Text Comparison162665
  141. Node: String Conversion165367
  142. Node: Formatting Strings168597
  143. Node: Character Case174572
  144. Node: Case Table177456
  145. Node: Lists181436
  146. Node: Cons Cells182390
  147. Node: Lists as Boxes183524
  148. Node: List-related Predicates186141
  149. Node: List Elements187831
  150. Node: Building Lists190851
  151. Node: Modifying Lists196330
  152. Node: Setcar197135
  153. Node: Setcdr199525
  154. Node: Rearrangement202009
  155. Node: Sets And Lists207541
  156. Node: Association Lists211606
  157. Node: Sequences Arrays Vectors218358
  158. Node: Sequence Functions220475
  159. Node: Arrays223805
  160. Node: Array Functions225961
  161. Node: Vectors228142
  162. Node: Symbols231840
  163. Node: Symbol Components232905
  164. Node: Definitions237091
  165. Node: Creating Symbols239252
  166. Node: Property Lists245531
  167. Node: Evaluation249797
  168. Node: Intro Eval250615
  169. Node: Eval254159
  170. Node: Forms258311
  171. Node: Self-Evaluating Forms259466
  172. Node: Symbol Forms260978
  173. Node: Classifying Lists261827
  174. Node: Function Indirection262567
  175. Node: Function Forms265632
  176. Node: Macro Forms266622
  177. Node: Special Forms267961
  178. Node: Autoloading270228
  179. Node: Quoting270689
  180. Node: Control Structures272112
  181. Node: Sequencing273612
  182. Node: Conditionals276409
  183. Node: Combining Conditions279802
  184. Node: Iteration283080
  185. Node: Nonlocal Exits284742
  186. Node: Catch and Throw285435
  187. Node: Examples of Catch289323
  188. Node: Errors291343
  189. Node: Signaling Errors292795
  190. Node: Processing of Errors295899
  191. Node: Handling Errors297242
  192. Node: Error Names304134
  193. Node: Cleanups307444
  194. Node: Variables310497
  195. Node: Global Variables312213
  196. Node: Constant Variables313323
  197. Node: Local Variables313839
  198. Node: Void Variables318583
  199. Node: Defining Variables322089
  200. Node: Accessing Variables328376
  201. Node: Setting Variables329795
  202. Node: Variable Scoping332893
  203. Node: Scope334474
  204. Node: Extent336017
  205. Node: Impl of Scope337336
  206. Node: Using Scoping339312
  207. Node: Buffer-Local Variables340528
  208. Node: Intro to Buffer-Local341330
  209. Node: Creating Buffer-Local344941
  210. Node: Default Value349419
  211. Node: Functions352540
  212. Node: What Is a Function353627
  213. Node: Lambda Expressions357489
  214. Node: Lambda Components358254
  215. Node: Simple Lambda360046
  216. Node: Argument List361695
  217. Node: Function Documentation365390
  218. Node: Function Names367332
  219. Node: Defining Functions369911
  220. Node: Calling Functions372069
  221. Node: Mapping Functions375807
  222. Node: Anonymous Functions378185
  223. Node: Function Cells381395
  224. Node: Inline Functions385828
  225. Node: Related Topics387341
  226. Node: Macros388387
  227. Node: Simple Macro389664
  228. Node: Expansion390407
  229. Node: Compiling Macros393372
  230. Node: Defining Macros394944
  231. Node: Backquote396261
  232. Node: Problems with Macros399764
  233. Node: Argument Evaluation400498
  234. Node: Surprising Local Vars403076
  235. Node: Eval During Expansion405205
  236. Node: Repeated Expansion406426
  237. Node: Loading408053
  238. Node: How Programs Do Loading409731
  239. Node: Autoload414743
  240. Node: Repeated Loading419783
  241. Node: Features421559
  242. Node: Unloading426193
  243. Node: Hooks for Loading427957
  244. Node: Byte Compilation428962
  245. Node: Compilation Functions430351
  246. Node: Eval During Compile436228
  247. Node: Byte-Code Objects437438
  248. Node: Disassembly439860
  249. Node: Debugging448194
  250. Node: Debugger449542
  251. Node: Error Debugging450687
  252. Node: Infinite Loops451849
  253. Node: Function Debugging453090
  254. Node: Explicit Debug455826
  255. Node: Using Debugger456561
  256. Node: Debugger Commands458457
  257. Node: Invoking the Debugger461512
  258. Node: Internals of Debugger465814
  259. Node: Syntax Errors470457
  260. Node: Excess Open471689
  261. Node: Excess Close473449
  262. Node: Compilation Errors474612
  263. Node: Edebug475881
  264. Node: Using Edebug477453
  265. Node: Edebug Prepare480356
  266. Node: Edebug Modes481892
  267. Node: Stepping484346
  268. Node: Edebug Misc488165
  269. Node: Breakpoints488875
  270. Node: Views491265
  271. Node: Edebug Eval491993
  272. Node: Eval List492572
  273. Node: Printing495774
  274. Node: The Outside Context496341
  275. Node: Just Checking496997
  276. Node: Outside Window Configuration497502
  277. Node: Recursive Edit499507
  278. Node: Side Effects500204
  279. Node: Macro Calls501307
  280. Node: Edebug Options505907
  281. Node: Streams508554
  282. Node: Streams Intro509522
  283. Node: Input Streams511376
  284. Node: Input Functions516467
  285. Node: Output Streams518480
  286. Node: Output Functions522221
  287. Node: Output Variables526511
  288. Node: Minibuffers528372
  289. Node: Intro to Minibuffers529443
  290. Node: Text from Minibuffer531631
  291. Node: Object from Minibuffer537306
  292. Node: Minibuffer History540546
  293. Node: Completion542705
  294. Node: Basic Completion544730
  295. Node: Programmed Completion549535
  296. Node: Minibuffer Completion551731
  297. Node: Completion Commands554753
  298. Node: High-Level Completion559254
  299. Node: Reading File Names562895
  300. Node: Lisp Symbol Completion566186
  301. Node: Yes-or-No Queries567999
  302. Node: Multiple Queries572404
  303. Node: Minibuffer Misc575420
  304. Node: Command Loop579430
  305. Node: Command Overview580780
  306. Node: Defining Commands583077
  307. Node: Using Interactive583819
  308. Node: Interactive Codes587161
  309. Node: Interactive Examples592732
  310. Node: Interactive Call594039
  311. Node: Command Loop Info599173
  312. Node: Input Events602780
  313. Node: Keyboard Events604582
  314. Node: Function Keys607009
  315. Node: Click Events609395
  316. Node: Drag Events612088
  317. Node: Button-Down Events613551
  318. Node: Repeat Events614771
  319. Node: Motion Events618693
  320. Node: Focus Events619823
  321. Node: Event Examples621384
  322. Node: Classifying Events622635
  323. Node: Accessing Events625620
  324. Node: Strings of Events627535
  325. Node: Reading Input630090
  326. Node: Key Sequence Input630954
  327. Node: Reading One Event634276
  328. Node: Quoted Character Input636175
  329. Node: Peeking and Discarding637535
  330. Node: Waiting640622
  331. Node: Quitting643090
  332. Node: Prefix Command Arguments647487
  333. Node: Recursive Editing652376
  334. Node: Disabling Commands657142
  335. Node: Command History659175
  336. Node: Keyboard Macros660908
  337. Node: Keymaps662978
  338. Node: Keymap Terminology664437
  339. Node: Format of Keymaps667359
  340. Node: Creating Keymaps670510
  341. Node: Inheritance and Keymaps672379
  342. Node: Prefix Keys673390
  343. Node: Menu Keymaps676769
  344. Node: Defining Menus677401
  345. Node: Mouse Menus679547
  346. Node: Keyboard Menus681244
  347. Node: Menu Example682543
  348. Node: Menu Bar683873
  349. Node: Modifying Menus686697
  350. Node: Active Keymaps687498
  351. Node: Key Lookup692114
  352. Node: Functions for Key Lookup697675
  353. Node: Changing Key Bindings702865
  354. Node: Key Binding Commands710043
  355. Node: Scanning Keymaps711646
  356. Node: Modes716057
  357. Node: Major Modes717011
  358. Node: Major Mode Conventions719783
  359. Node: Example Major Modes724701
  360. Node: Auto Major Mode732581
  361. Node: Mode Help738077
  362. Node: Minor Modes739139
  363. Node: Minor Mode Conventions740359
  364. Node: Keymaps and Minor Modes743077
  365. Node: Mode Line Format744937
  366. Node: Mode Line Data746639
  367. Node: Mode Line Variables750687
  368. Node: %-Constructs754701
  369. Node: Hooks756294
  370. Node: Documentation761601
  371. Node: Documentation Basics762953
  372. Node: Accessing Documentation765703
  373. Node: Keys in Documentation771350
  374. Node: Describing Characters774129
  375. Node: Help Functions776400
  376. Node: Files782184
  377. Node: Visiting Files783491
  378. Node: Visiting Functions784989
  379. Node: Subroutines of Visiting789961
  380. Node: Saving Buffers791895
  381. Node: Reading from Files797714
  382. Node: Writing to Files799160
  383. Node: File Locks801539
  384. Node: Information about Files804592
  385. Node: Testing Accessibility805721
  386. Node: Kinds of Files809169
  387. Node: Truenames810574
  388. Node: File Attributes811424
  389. Node: Contents of Directories816528
  390. Node: Create/Delete Dirs819468
  391. Node: Changing File Attributes819972
  392. Node: File Names825141
  393. Node: File Name Components826573
  394. Node: Directory Names829099
  395. Node: Relative File Names832508
  396. Node: File Name Expansion833580
  397. Node: Unique File Names837817
  398. Node: File Name Completion838934
  399. Node: Magic File Names841577
  400. Node: Backups and Auto-Saving845316
  401. Node: Backup Files845983
  402. Node: Making Backups847401
  403. Node: Rename or Copy849205
  404. Node: Numbered Backups852070
  405. Node: Backup Names854195
  406. Node: Auto-Saving857444
  407. Node: Reverting864068
  408. Node: Buffers867289
  409. Node: Buffer Basics868618
  410. Node: Buffer Names870684
  411. Node: Buffer File Name873733
  412. Node: Buffer Modification877844
  413. Node: Modification Time879959
  414. Node: Read Only Buffers883457
  415. Node: The Buffer List885810
  416. Node: Creating Buffers889207
  417. Node: Killing Buffers891181
  418. Node: Current Buffer893911
  419. Node: Windows897926
  420. Node: Basic Windows899396
  421. Node: Splitting Windows902153
  422. Node: Deleting Windows907026
  423. Node: Selecting Windows909527
  424. Node: Cyclic Window Ordering911830
  425. Node: Buffers and Windows916069
  426. Node: Displaying Buffers918327
  427. Node: Choosing Window922184
  428. Node: Window Point926085
  429. Node: Window Start928107
  430. Node: Vertical Scrolling931937
  431. Node: Horizontal Scrolling937751
  432. Node: Size of Window941164
  433. Node: Resizing Windows944670
  434. Node: Coordinates and Windows947948
  435. Node: Window Configurations949730
  436. Node: Frames952494
  437. Node: Creating Frames954273
  438. Node: Frame Parameters955486
  439. Node: Parameter Access955965
  440. Node: Initial Parameters956635
  441. Node: X Frame Parameters957430
  442. Node: Size And Position960542
  443. Node: Deleting Frames963323
  444. Node: Finding All Frames964096
  445. Node: Frames and Windows965358
  446. Node: Minibuffers and Frames966460
  447. Node: Input Focus967241
  448. Node: Visibility of Frames968901
  449. Node: Raising and Lowering970124
  450. Node: Frame Configurations971451
  451. Node: Mouse Tracking971959
  452. Node: Mouse Position973184
  453. Node: Pop-Up Menus974113
  454. Node: X Selections975162
  455. Node: X Server977692
  456. Node: X Connections978059
  457. Node: Resources980155
  458. Node: Server Data980928
  459. Node: Positions982950
  460. Node: Point983876
  461. Node: Motion986675
  462. Node: Character Motion987542
  463. Node: Word Motion989721
  464. Node: Buffer End Motion991069
  465. Node: Text Lines992546
  466. Node: Screen Lines996750
  467. Node: Vertical Motion999216
  468. Node: List Motion1001378
  469. Node: Skipping Characters1003275
  470. Node: Excursions1005454
  471. Node: Narrowing1007739
  472. Node: Markers1012787
  473. Node: Overview of Markers1013682
  474. Node: Predicates on Markers1016806
  475. Node: Creating Markers1017676
  476. Node: Information from Markers1020749
  477. Node: Changing Markers1021839
  478. Node: The Mark1023206
  479. Node: The Region1029925
  480. Node: Text1031054
  481. Node: Near Point1033611
  482. Node: Buffer Contents1036214
  483. Node: Comparing Text1037751
  484. Node: Insertion1039178
  485. Node: Commands for Insertion1041854
  486. Node: Deletion1044604
  487. Node: User-Level Deletion1048016
  488. Node: The Kill Ring1052130
  489. Node: Kill Ring Concepts1054149
  490. Node: Kill Functions1055239
  491. Node: Yank Commands1056921
  492. Node: Low Level Kill Ring1058732
  493. Node: Internals of Kill Ring1061188
  494. Node: Undo1063870
  495. Node: Maintaining Undo1067456
  496. Node: Filling1070087
  497. Node: Auto Filling1074363
  498. Node: Sorting1075594
  499. Node: Indentation1085083
  500. Node: Primitive Indent1085846
  501. Node: Mode-Specific Indent1087006
  502. Node: Region Indent1090138
  503. Node: Relative Indent1093052
  504. Node: Indent Tabs1095594
  505. Node: Motion by Indent1096953
  506. Node: Columns1097725
  507. Node: Case Changes1100200
  508. Node: Text Properties1103478
  509. Node: Examining Properties1105044
  510. Node: Changing Properties1107247
  511. Node: Property Search1110745
  512. Node: Special Properties1113393
  513. Node: Sticky Properties1117566
  514. Node: Not Intervals1119470
  515. Node: Substitution1121737
  516. Node: Underlining1123745
  517. Node: Registers1124924
  518. Node: Change Hooks1129453
  519. Node: Searching and Matching1131505
  520. Node: String Search1132437
  521. Node: Regular Expressions1136902
  522. Node: Syntax of Regexps1137478
  523. Node: Regexp Example1149069
  524. Node: Regexp Search1151556
  525. Node: Replacement1156965
  526. Node: Match Data1160095
  527. Node: Simple Match Data1161167
  528. Node: Replacing Match1164609
  529. Node: Entire Match Data1166263
  530. Node: Saving Match Data1168169
  531. Node: Standard Regexps1169736
  532. Node: Searching and Case1171250
  533. Node: Syntax Tables1172707
  534. Node: Syntax Descriptors1175196
  535. Node: Syntax Class Table1176998
  536. Node: Syntax Flags1182854
  537. Node: Syntax Table Functions1185477
  538. Node: Motion and Syntax1188941
  539. Node: Parsing Expressions1190308
  540. Node: Standard Syntax Tables1195693
  541. Node: Syntax Table Internals1196536
  542. Node: Abbrevs1197574
  543. Node: Abbrev Mode1199314
  544. Node: Abbrev Tables1200040
  545. Node: Defining Abbrevs1201575
  546. Node: Abbrev Files1203408
  547. Node: Abbrev Expansion1205174
  548. Node: Standard Abbrev Tables1209331
  549. Node: Processes1210462
  550. Node: Subprocess Creation1212451
  551. Node: Synchronous Processes1216450
  552. Node: Asynchronous Processes1222095
  553. Node: Deleting Processes1225666
  554. Node: Process Information1227351
  555. Node: Input to Processes1230809
  556. Node: Signals to Processes1233277
  557. Node: Output from Processes1237606
  558. Node: Process Buffers1238332
  559. Node: Filter Functions1241279
  560. Node: Accepting Output1246526
  561. Node: Sentinels1248050
  562. Node: Transaction Queues1250925
  563. Node: TCP1252565
  564. Node: System Interface1254189
  565. Node: Starting Up1255307
  566. Node: Start-up Summary1255890
  567. Node: Init File1257695
  568. Node: Terminal-Specific1259715
  569. Node: Command Line Arguments1262691
  570. Node: Getting Out1265101
  571. Node: Killing Emacs1265653
  572. Node: Suspending Emacs1267106
  573. Node: System Environment1270309
  574. Node: User Identification1274170
  575. Node: Time of Day1275138
  576. Node: Timers1277965
  577. Node: Terminal Input1279648
  578. Node: Input Modes1280144
  579. Node: Translating Input1282607
  580. Node: Recording Input1287748
  581. Node: Terminal Output1289079
  582. Node: Flow Control1291922
  583. Node: Batch Mode1296006
  584. Node: Display1297082
  585. Node: Refresh Screen1298223
  586. Node: Screen Size1299402
  587. Node: Truncation1301056
  588. Node: The Echo Area1303017
  589. Node: Selective Display1304939
  590. Node: Overlay Arrow1308963
  591. Node: Temporary Displays1310057
  592. Node: Overlays1313974
  593. Node: Overlay Properties1314549
  594. Node: Managing Overlays1317886
  595. Node: Faces1319907
  596. Node: Merging Faces1320915
  597. Node: Face Functions1322403
  598. Node: Blinking1326453
  599. Node: Inverse Video1328333
  600. Node: Usual Display1329003
  601. Node: Display Tables1331529
  602. Node: Display Table Format1332395
  603. Node: Active Display Table1334031
  604. Node: Glyphs1335540
  605. Node: ISO Latin 11336984
  606. Node: Beeping1338170
  607. Node: Window Systems1339133
  608. Node: Calendar1340384
  609. Node: Calendar Customizing1341230
  610. Node: Holiday Customizing1343851
  611. Node: Date Display Format1350014
  612. Node: Time Display Format1350927
  613. Node: Daylight Savings1352035
  614. Node: Diary Customizing1354021
  615. Node: Hebrew/Islamic Entries1358061
  616. Node: Fancy Diary Display1361546
  617. Node: Included Diary Files1363366
  618. Node: Sexp Diary Entries1364438
  619. Node: Appt Customizing1369098
  620. Node: Tips1370137
  621. Node: Style Tips1370756
  622. Node: Compilation Tips1376866
  623. Node: Documentation Tips1378459
  624. Node: Comment Tips1382938
  625. Node: Library Headers1385689
  626. Node: GNU Emacs Internals1389557
  627. Node: Building Emacs1390259
  628. Node: Pure Storage1393850
  629. Node: Garbage Collection1396450
  630. Node: Writing Emacs Primitives1402480
  631. Node: Object Internals1411313
  632. Node: Buffer Internals1412521
  633. Node: Window Internals1415392
  634. Node: Process Internals1417345
  635. Node: Standard Errors1418664
  636. Node: Standard Buffer-Local Variables1421687
  637. Node: Standard Keymaps1423558
  638. Node: Standard Hooks1426468
  639. Node: Antinews1429392
  640. Node: Index1447280
  641. 
  642. End Tag Table
  643.