home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Network Working Group C. Graff
- Request for Comments: 1770 US Army CECOM
- Category: Informational March 1995
-
-
- IPv4 Option for Sender Directed Multi-Destination Delivery
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- This memo defines an IPv4 option to provide a sender directed multi-
- destination delivery mechanism called Selective Directed Broadcast
- Mode (SDBM). The SDBM provides unreliable UDP delivery to a set of
- IP addresses included in the option field of an IPv4 datagram. Data
- reliability if required will be provided by the application layer.
- This approach was developed to support sender directed multi-
- destination delivery to sparsely populated groups with no additional
- control traffic. This approach will find application in the
- extremely bandwidth constrained tactical military environment, as
- well as in some commercial applications requiring sender control of
- data delivery.
-
- Background
-
- The Selective Directed Broadcast Mode (SDBM) is an integral part of
- the U.S. Army standard for tactical data communication networks as
- defined in MIL-STD-188-220() (Reference 1). The MIL-STD-188-220()
- defines a protocol architecture for the lower four layers of the
- ISO-OSI Reference model. The MIL-STD-188-220() is currently
- undergoing a reformatting to be consistent with other DoD standards
- that deal with IP networking. These efforts will provide tactical IP
- internetting of tactical Army broadcast radio networks, and will
- support fully IP compliant internetworking to other types of IP
- networks via commercial IP routers. It is the goal of the U.S. Army
- to move toward a fully IP compliant internetwork architecture for all
- tactical battlefield data communications. The Army does, however,
- have a critical need for a reliable, sender directed multi-
- destination data transfer capability that is not currently supported
- by the existing or emerging internet standards. The SDBM IP option
- was developed to meet this need. The required data reliability will
- be provided by incorporating an acknowledgement strategy at the
- application layer. It is hoped that this IP option, providing multi-
- destination capability not currently provided by the current and
-
-
-
- Graff [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1770 Selective Directed Broadcast Protocol March 1995
-
-
- emerging internet standards, will be embraced by the internet
- community and become an integal part of the IP family of protocols
- and be incorporated in commercial IP software products.
-
- SDBM Format
-
- The SDBM provides the ability for an application to explicitly list a
- set of intended IP destinations. This capability will be implemented
- as an option in the IP layer, as shown in Figure 1. This option field
- is variable in length, up to a maximum of 40 octets due to the
- limitation of the HLEN field as specified in STD 5, RFC 791
- (Reference 2). Under this option 38 of the 40 octets would be used to
- contain the 2 octet control field and a maximum of 9 IP addresses.
-
-
- 1 8 16 31
-
- ***************************************************
- | | | |
- | | | |
- | TYPE | LENGTH | IP ADDRESS 1 |
- | | | |
- | | | |
- |*************************************************|
- | | |
- | IP ADDRESS 1(Cont) | IP ADDRESS 2 |
- | | |
- | | |
- |*************************************************|
- | | |
- | IP ADDRESS 2(Cont) | .......... |
- | | |
- | | |
- |*************************************************|
- | | |
- | | |
- | .......... | IP ADDRESS N |
- | | |
- | | |
- |*************************************************|
- | | |
- | IP ADDRESS N(Cont) | UNUSED |
- | | |
- | | |
- ***************************************************
-
-
- Figure 1 IP Option Field Layout
-
-
-
- Graff [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1770 Selective Directed Broadcast Protocol March 1995
-
-
- The TYPE field specifies the copy flag, class, and option number.
- The copy field indicates whether or not this option field is to be
- copied into each fragment if the IP datagram is fragmented. The class
- field and option number field are set to 0 and 21 respectively. The
- format of the TYPE field is shown at Figure 2.
-
- 1 8
- **************************************************
- | | | |
- | COPY | CLASS | OPTION NUMBER | = 149
- | | | |
- **************************************************
-
- Figure 2 Type Field Layout
-
- Since the IP multi-address list shall always be copied to all IP
- headers during fragmentation, the COPY bit should be set to 1.
-
- Returning to Figure 1, the LENGTH octet indicates how many octets are
- in the option field. It is calculated as:
-
- LENGTH = 2 + 4*(number of IP addresses)
-
- The remaining octets contain the IP addresses of the specified
- destination hosts. Each IP address occupies 4 octets.
-
- Transmission of SDBM datagrams
-
- The procedures for a source host, transit router, and destination
- router are provided below. When a source host has a message to send
- to multiple destination hosts, it shall,
-
- a. Group the destination host internet addresses by their network
- identifiers (Net IDs). If there are N distinct Net IDs, there will
- be at least N distinct directed broadcast packets. If there are
- more that 9 destination hosts on a single net, multiple directed
- broadcast datagrams must be sent to that net.
-
- b. For each Net ID, form the directed broadcast address as defined in
- STD 3, RFC 1122 (Reference 3) for that network. The directed
- broadcast address is used as the destination address in the IP
- datagram and the source address is the address of the host sending
- the message.
-
- c. Place the entire IP address for up to 9 destination hosts in the in
- the same net in the option field defined above. The total length of
- all IP options in a given datagram is limited to 40 octets as
- determined by the HLEN (Header Length) field which defines the
-
-
-
- Graff [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1770 Selective Directed Broadcast Protocol March 1995
-
-
- number of 32 bit words in the header. If other options are to be
- included in addition to the SDBM option, the number of addresses in
- the option field must be reduced accordingly.
-
- d. The thusly formed datagram shall be transmitted and processed
- according to normal datagram handling procedures.
-
- When a IP SDBM datagram encounters a transit router (router not
- connected to the destination network), the datagram shall be
- processed in accordance with normal IP datagram handling procedures.
- When encountering the destination router (the destination network is
- directly attached to the router), the destination router shall
- perform a, b or c below:
-
- a. If the local subnet has a broadcast capability, broadcast to all
- hosts in the network and let the hosts perform address filtering.
-
- b. If the local subnet does not support broadcast, form a local subnet
- packet for each destination host in the SDBM datagram and transmit
- into the network.
-
- c. If the local subnet supports reliable layer 2 multi-address
- capability as provided by MIL-STD-188-220() networks, use a layer 2
- multi-address frame to deliver the datagram to addresses found in
- the IP option field.
-
- Reception of SDBM datagrams
-
- In processing received SDBM datagrams, receiving hosts shall look
- inside the IP option field for their address. Processing shall
- continue only if the host's IP address is found inside this option
- field. Thus the source host has explicit control over which hosts
- will process its datagrams. Since SDBM uses a broadcast address in
- its destination field, the SDBM can only be used with UDP (Reference
- 4) and not TCP (Reference 5) as the TCP supports only point-to-point
- connections and not point-to-multi-point.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Graff [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1770 Selective Directed Broadcast Protocol March 1995
-
-
- Source for MIL-STD-188-220()
-
- The above mentioned MIL-STD-188-220() may be obtained by contacting
-
- US Army Communications Electronics Command
- AMSEL-RD-SE-AIN-E (ATTN: Mr. Ted Dzik)
- Fort Monmouth, NJ 07703
-
- Comm: (908) 532-1780
- Fax: (908) 532-3398
- EMail: DZIK@ain3.monmouth.army.mil
-
- Acknowledgements
-
- The author wishes to acknowledge the major contributions to this work
- made by Mr. Dave Macauley of ATT and Ms. Barbara Denny of SRI
- International. Other contributions were made by members of the 188-
- 220() committee.
-
- References
-
- (1) "MIL-STD-188-220() For Task Force XXI, Interoperability Standard
- for Digital Message Transfer Device Subsystems, 23 December 1994.
-
- (2) Postel, J., "Internet Protocol - DARPA Internet Program Protocol
- Specification", STD 5, RFC 791, DARPA, September 1981.
-
- (3) Braden, R., Editor, "Requirements for Internet Hosts --
- Communication Layers" STD 3, RFC 1122, IETF, October 1989.
-
- (4) Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
- USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1980.
-
- (5) Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol - DARPA Internet
- Program Protocol Specification", STD 7, RFC 793, September 1981.
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Graff [Page 5]
-
- RFC 1770 Selective Directed Broadcast Protocol March 1995
-
-
- Author's Address
-
- US Army Communications Electronics Command
- AMSEL-RD-ST-LA-L ( ATTN: Charles Graff )
- Ft. Monmouth, NJ 07703
-
- Phone: (908) 544 3264
- Fax: (908) 544 2150
- EMail: bud@fotlan5.fotlan.army.mil
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Graff [Page 6]
-
-