home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
- THE BATTLE FOR BERLIN April 1945
-
- The battle of Berlin was actually fought outside of Berlin and the
- battle in the streets of Berlin which took place from around April
- 24th was for the Russians a gigantic mopping-up operation. However it
- was an operation which was to cost them dearly.
-
- The Red Army had overwhelming superiority inboth men and machinery when
- it faced the Germans across the Oder and the Neisse at the end of
- January. It could deploy 40,000 artillery pieces,6000 tanks and
- 7,500 aircraft. In response, the Wehrmacht could muster 10,000 guns,
- 1,500 tanks and 3,000 aircraft.
-
- On April 16 1945, the Red Army attacked across the Oder and the Neisse
- rivers .This was the inevitable blow to fell Nazi Germany once and for all.
- Berlin would be taken and the Russians would meet the Western allies on
- the Elbe.The Germans under General Heinrici fought a masterful defence
- outside of Berlin on the Seelow Heights and succeded in checking
- the Russians. However, the Russian commander Zhukov had almost
- unlimited amounts of tanks and men and eventually the German positions
- were smashed and the defenders fell back on the city. The German 9th
- and 12th armies containing the troops that could have made a succesful
- defence of Berlin a possibility, fought the Russians outside the city.
-
- The defence of Berlin was left to approximately 90,000 troops and a
- very mixed bag they were. Many were Hitler Youth or Voksturm (Home
- Guard uits) composed of teenagers or the old and unfit. Mixed in with
- these were a small hard corps of Wehrmacht troops and sections from
- fanatical SS units from the four corners of Europe. French,British and
- Scandinavian SS men prepared for a final Gotterdamerung in Berlin.
-
- By 25 April,Berlin was completely encircled.By 26 April, the nine armies
- all part of a million-strong Red Army Force now in the heart of
- Germany, had redeployed and reorganised so a concerted assault began.
- This was to be simply a relentless inward drive by each of the armies
- involved.
-
- In the Berlin suburbs, the defenders were thin on the ground,and pockets
- of resistance could be annihilated by artillery or bypassed until their
- supples run out.In places however defence was fanatical.In the centre of
- the city, resistance stiffened as German-trained troops became thicker
- on the ground. The fighting was sharp and vicious.Early Red Army attempts
- to penetrate into the city in armoured columns had been abandoned as
- vehicles had been knocked out by German weilding the panzerfaust bazooka
- weapon.By the time the city centre came under attack, mixed infantry combat
- teams had the task of clearing the area street by street and block by
- block.
-
- The Red army used artillery and katyushi rocket batteries at close
- range to level city blocks which showed signs of resistance.In the centre
- of the city, beneath the Reichstag, Hitler and his entourage, directed
- the dying gasps of the Third Reich.On April 30th, the Fuhrer committed
- suicide, just as Red Army units stormed the Reichstag. The building
- was fiercely defended and was only finally cleared after the surrender
- of the city.Other resitance centres were the giant flak towers in the
- Berlin Zoo gardens and in the Humboldtshain Park.At the same time, quite
- a large body of troops tried to escape West from the suburbs but most
- were killed or captured.
-
- Back in the city a handful of snipers were ruthlessly dealt with by
- the Soviets and on the 2nd May, the Battle of berlin was over.
-