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- From: David W. McIntyre <mcintyre@wizvax.net>
- Newsgroups: comp.lang.visual,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: comp.lang.visual Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Followup-To: comp.lang.visual
- Date: 24 Jan 2001 17:00:59 -0500
- Organization: BlackRock Financial Management Inc.
- Lines: 2106
- Approved: mcintyre@wizvax.net (comp.lang.visual)
- Expires: Wed, 26 December 2001 00:00:00 GMT
- Message-ID: <94njar$p0q$1@xsdev1.blackrock.com>
- Reply-To: visual-request@wizvax.net
- NNTP-Posting-Host: xsdev1.bfm.com
- Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently-Asked Questions
- (and their answers) about visual programming. It should
- be read by anyone who wishes to post to the comp.lang.visual
- newsgroup.
- Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.lang.visual:4071 comp.answers:43979 news.answers:200439
-
- Posting-Frequency: monthly
- Last-modified: 1998/03/10
- Archive-name: visual-lang/faq
- Version: 98.03.10.1
-
- Comp.Lang.Visual - Frequently-Asked Questions List
- Most recent update: 10 March 1998
-
- ===========================================================================
-
- This article contains a list of frequently-asked questions and
- frequently-desired resources for the newsgroup comp.lang.visual. You
- should read this faq before you post to this group so that you understand
- what it is all about.
-
- This article is posted at least weekly, or more often when changes are
- submitted. I encourage everyone to send in their ideas and additions.
-
- This collection of documents is Copyright (C) 1999, David McIntyre. All
- rights reserved. Permission to distribute this collection is hereby
- granted providing that distribution is electronic, no money is involved,
- reasonable attempts are made to use the latest version and all credits
- and this copyright notice are maintainted. Other requests for distribution
- should be submitted to the editor. All reasonable requests will be
- granted.
-
- Many FAQs, including this one, are available on the archive site
- rtfm.mit.edu in the directory pub/usenet/news.answers.
- The name under which a FAQ is archived appears in the "Archive-Name:"
- line at the top of the article. This FAQ is archived as "visual-lang/faq"
-
- ===========================================================================
-
- Maintainer: Dr. David McIntyre
- BlackRock Financial Management
- 345 Park Ave
- New York, NY 10154 USA
-
- dmcintyr@blackrock.com
-
- 212-409-3574 (office)
-
- ===========================================================================
-
- Index:
- General:
- 1) What is comp.lang.visual?
- .1) What is moderation, and how does it work?
- .2) Why is this newsgroup moderated?
- .3) Who is the moderator?
- .4) What is the moderation policy?
- .5) Is this newsgroup archived?
- 2) What is a visual (programming) language?
- .1) Do we need the word "programming" in that phrase?
- .2) Is there a better phrase to use?
- 3) What about Visual Basic and Visual C++?
- 4) What are some examples of visual programming languages?
- a) Research visual programming languages.
- b) Commercial visual programming languages.
- 5) Information sources:
- a) Books.
- b) Journals [ including CFP's for special issues ]
- c) Conferences proceedings.
- d) Upcoming conferences.
- e) Info available through ftp.
- f) Graduate programs in visual programming.
- g) Other newsgroups.
- h) WWW pages.
-
- 6) Can we talk about VPL's in a newsgroup?
-
- 7) VP paper classification project.
-
- Paradigm-specific:
- 8) What are some references about visual query languages?
- 9) What are some references for component-based software?
-
- Miscellaneous:
- 10) Doesn't everyone agree that VL is great?
-
- Technical:
- 11) Work done in specifying visual language grammar.
- 12) The Deutsch Limit
-
- Toolkits:
- 13) Commercially available toolkits to help in VL design.
-
- Calls for Papers:
- 14) Calls for papers and announcements for upcoming conferences.
-
- References:
- References used in this FAQ (in Bibtex/Scribe format).
-
- Acknowledgements
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q1: What is comp.lang.visual?
-
- A1: It is a forum for discussing Visual Programming Languages: their
- problems, their advantages, and ideas for making them better.
-
- Visual language discussion can also include aspects of many other
- topics, eg, visualization of programs and/or data, human-computer
- interaction and interfaces, formal languages.
-
- Visual Basic and Visual C++ are not for the most part visual
- programming languages. They are textual languages with a graphical
- user interface builder attached. See Q3 for locations where you
- can get information about these products.
-
- Commercial postings, with few exceptions, are not acceptable.
-
- Comp.lang.visual is a moderated newsgroup (see the next questions).
-
- Q1.1: How does this moderation stuff work?
-
- A1.1: At the beginning of 1995, comp.lang.visual became an officially
- moderated newsgroup. This means that any posting to this group
- first gets sent, via email, to the moderator. This is done
- invisibly to you; normal news-posting software is used.
-
- If the content of the article is appropriate to the charter of this
- group the moderator approves the article, and it is sent back into
- the news system, this time to be read by all.
-
- If the content of the article is inappropriate to the charter of
- this group, the article is not seen by the news system. Typically,
- the moderator replies to the poster, letting them know what was
- unacceptable about the rejected posting.
-
- Q1.2: Why is this newsgroup moderated?
-
- A1.2: This newsgroup hummed along steadily for many years without
- the need for moderation. When Microsoft released their line of
- "visual" products (Visual BASIC, Visual C++, etc.) a myriad of
- news-readers saw the word "visual" in the title of this newsgroup
- and decided that it was the correct place to ask Visual BASIC
- questions, drowning out the conversations about visual programming
- languages taking place here already.
-
- The moderation has cleaned this problem up.
-
- Q1.3: Who is the moderator?
-
- A1.3: David McIntyre, who is also the maintainer of this FAQ. Moderation
- questions can be addressed to visual-request@ms.com, or you
- can just use the email address at the top of this FAQ.
-
- Q1.4: What is the moderation policy?
-
- A1.4: Any article having any semblance to the charter is accepted without
- any editing. Any article having content only related to Visual
- BASIC, Visual C++ or anything else non-visual is rejected. Visual
- BASIC and Visual C++-related articles are sometimes accepted when
- their content is about the visual aspects of the environments.
-
- On rare occasions the moderator may add comments to the bottom of
- the article. These are always enclosed in square brackets ([]) and
- signed by the moderator.
-
- Q1.5: Is this newsgroup archived?
-
- A1.5: YES! As of the end of summer '95 we are now archived at the
- UUNET site ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9 or 192.48.96.9). Use anonymous
- ftp to reach the site.
-
- Our directory is /usenet/comp.lang.visual. Two subdirectories hold
- the FAQ (but perhaps not as recent a copy as is in rtfm.mit.edu) and
- all the posts to this newsgroup since it became moderated. The
- archive currently holds the first 263 or so articles. New articles
- will be added approximately monthly, depending on traffic volume
- and moderator stress level. This directory also contains an index
- file (named index) which contains message number, author, date
- and title for each article.
-
- The archived articles are stored in a gzip-compressed format. Use
- gunzip to decompress when you ftp them home.
-
- [ Unfortunately, I seem to have messed this up, and hopefully we'll
- resume this shortly. 1/2/97, Dave ]
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q2: What is a Visual Programming Language?
-
- A2: A few representative answers:
-
- (a) Visual Programming (VP) refers to any system that allows the
- user to specify a program in two-(or more)-dimensionsional fashion.
- [...] conventional textual languages are not considered two
- dimensional since the compilers or interpreters process them as
- long, one-dimensional streams. [Myers90a]
-
- (b) A Visual Language manipulates visual information or supports visual
- interaction, or allows programming with visual expressions. The latter
- is taken to be the definition of a visual programming language.
- Visual programming languages may be further classified according to the
- type and extent of visual expression used, into
- icon-based languages, form-based languages and diagram languages.
- Visual programming environments provide graphical or iconic elements which
- can be manipulated by the user in an interactive way according to some
- specific spatial grammar for program construction. [Golin90b]
-
- (c) Visually transformed languages are inherently non-visual
- languages but have superimposed visual representations. Naturally
- visual languages have an inherent visual expression for which
- there is no obvious textual equivalent. [Burnett89]
-
- (d) Visual programming is commonly defined as the use of visual
- expressions (such as graphics, drawings, animation or icons) in the
- process of programming. These visual expressions may be used in
- programming environments as graphical interfaces for textual programming
- languages; they may be used to form the syntax of new visual programming
- languages leading to new paradigms such as programming by demonstration;
- or they may be used in graphical presentations of the behavior or
- structure of a program. [McIntyre&Burnett]
-
- (e) A visual language is a set of spatial arrangements of text-graphic
- symbols with a semantic interpretation that is used in carrying out
- communication actions in the world.
-
- Q2.1: Do we need the word "programming" in that phrase?
-
- A2.1: Perhaps not. People like to point out languages such as Miro and
- GIL which are visual specification languages as reasons for saying
- visual language instead of visual programming language. I think
- of Miro as a language for programming specifications, so I like the
- word.
-
- We'll try to avoid using the word "programming" when we don't mean
- to exclude non-programming visual languages.
-
- Any comments?
-
- [Fred Lakin says: ]
-
- Sure. The short answer is, it reminds us of all the other visual
- languages there are, which should be looked at and learned from.
- Keeping the word "programming" in the phrase keeps the computer folk
- from becoming visually provincial, which I see as a real danger.
-
- The longer answer is, people have invented and used many visual
- languages in the course of history. A fraction of those have
- anything to do with computers, and even smaller number represent
- programs, and an even smaller number of those represent programs and
- can be executed on a computer. Let's say people have been using
- visual languages for 10,000 years; and using them for communication
- *about* computers for 50, and using them for communication *with*
- computers for 30. So you can see how small a percentage of the total
- numbers of visual languages we are talking about.
-
- Q2.2: Is there a better phrase (than VPL) that we could use?
-
- A2.2: [Send in your ideas!!!!]
-
- [Fred Lakin's idea:]
-
- I prefer the term "executable graphics" instead of visual programming
- languages.
-
- Visual programming language is a misnomer. It either means a
- programming language which we can see, which is trivial, or a language
- used for programming the behavior of visual things, which is limiting.
-
- Executable Graphics expresses a different orientation toward the
- problem domain: graphics which can be executed. [Lakin86]
-
- [Paul Lyons sez:]
-
- I've coined the term "Hyperprogramming" which I think better
- summarises the capabilities and support provided by visual
- Programming Languages. We argue for VPLs on practical as well
- as theoretical basis. The theoretical arguments relate to the
- greater expressivity and intuitiveness of diagrammatic
- representations of complex relationships. The practical arguments
- relate to the availability of sufficient computing power to
- support the capture and processing of visually expressed diagrams.
- Specifically, we utilise:
-
- processor speed, to let us do it in real time
-
- high-res graphics, to represent complex
- diagrammatic notations
-
- mouse input, to create complex diagrammatic notations and
-
- window-based displays, to partition the resulting
- diagrams into a manageable size.
-
- It's this last point that's the important one. Partitioning
- big programs to make them more manageable is great, but creates
- navigational difficulties. These sort of navigational problems
- have been addressed, for "ordinary" documents, by hypertext
- systems. Now, "ordinary" hypertext documents are tedious to create
- because adding all the hyperlinks takes a long time, but there's
- no such problem with programs, because it's easy for the entry
- support system to generate the hyperlinks automatically, on-the-fly.
- As well as providing programmers with simple and consistent navigation
- techniques, the hyperlinks can be used to automatically update shared
- information between views.
-
- So I think that VPLs, if they aren't already, will achieve partitioning
- based on multiple windows, with hyperlinks between the windows
- connecting shared items of information. Calling them Hyperprogramming
- languages will reflect this situation, and might reduce the subtle
- suggestion (inherent in the name VISUAL programming languages)
- that these languages should eschew text entirely.
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q3: What about Visual Basic and Visual C++?
-
- A3: Visual Basic and the entire Microsoft Visual (tm) family are not,
- despite their names, visual programming languages. They are textual
- languages which use a graphical gui builder to make programming decent
- interfaces easier on the programmer. The user interface portion of
- the language is visual, the rest is not.
-
- Because many Visual BASIC users have many questions, and frequently
- post them to this newsgroup, we list some alternate resources:
-
- a) comp.lang.basic.visual !!!!
-
- b) VB Online is a bulletin board dedicated to Visual Basic users.
- It can be accessed via. 1-216-694-5734 at 9600 baud.
- [haston@utkvx.utk.edu (Haston, Donald Wayne)]
-
- c) comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.tools
- comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.misc
- comp.os.ms-windows.apps
- comp.os.ms-windows.misc
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q4: What are some examples of visual programming languages?
-
- Language Name Authors Reference(s)
-
- 1966:
- ???? R. Sutherland [Sutherland66]
-
- 1968:
- Ambit/G and Ambit/L Christensen et.al. [Christensen68]
-
- 1969:
- GRAIL Ellis et.al. [Ellis69]
-
- 1974:
- PLAN2D Denert et.al. [Denert74]
-
- 1975:
- Pygmailion Smith [Smith77]
-
- 1980:
- Outline Lakin [Lakin80]
-
- 1983:
- Prograph Pietryzchowski [Piet83]
- ML-like VL Cardelli [Cardelli83]
-
- 1984:
-
- Pict Glinert [Glinert84]
- Programming by Rehearsal Finzer&Gould [Finzer84]
-
- 1986:
-
- HI-VISUAL Ichikawa [Ichikawa86a]
- [Hirakawa90a]
- LabView [LabView]
- PC-TILES Glinert&Smith [Glinert86a]
- Show & Tell Kimura [Kimura86c]
- [Kimura89]
- ThingLab Borning [Borning86]
- Tinkertoy Edel [Edel86]
-
- 1987:
- ARK Smith [Smith87]
-
- 1988:
-
- C^2 Kopache [Kopache88]
- Fabrik Ingalls [Ingalls88]
-
- 1989:
-
- SunPICT Glinert&McIntyre [Glinert89]
-
- 1990:
-
- Cube Najork [Najork91]
- Hypersignal Carlson [Carlson94]
- Miro Heydon [Heydon90]
- NoPumpG Lewis
- Novis Norton [Norton90]
-
- 1991:
-
- Agentsheets Repenning [Agentsheets WEB]
- Forms/3 Burnett [Burnett92]
- Hence 1.4 Beguelin [Beguelin91]
- Mondrian Lieberman
- Visavis
-
- 1992:
-
- ChemTrains Bell [Bell92]
- CODE 2.0 Newton [Newton92]
- Hyperpascal Lyons [Lyons93]
- Iconicode
- Vampire McIntyre [McIntyre92b]
- Visavis Poswig [Poswig92]
- Voice Dialog D.E. Repenning&Summner [Agentsheets WEB]
-
- 1993:
-
- MViews Grundy&Hosking [G&H93b]
- SPE Grundy&Hosking [G&H93a]
- MEANDER Wirtz [Wirtz93]
- SPARCL Spratt&Ambler [Spratt93]
-
- 1994:
-
- Escalante McWhirter [see faq info]
- PhonePro Cypress Research [GACote94]
- Vipers Mosconi [not pub yet]
- VIPR Citrin&Zorn [see ftp info]
- WinPict McIntyre
-
- 1995:
- LEGOsheets Repenning et al. [Agentsheets WEB]
- ViTABal Grundy&Hoskings [Grundy95]
-
- No info yet:
-
- CANTATA
- VIVA
- AVS
- Serius Developer
- apE
-
- b) Visual programming languages commercially available today.
-
- ** General purpose:
-
- Prograph Pictorius, Inc 800-927-4847
- AppWare Novell 800-277-2717
- Iconicode IconIcon
- Design/CPN Meta Software 617-576-6920
- SystemSpecs IvyTeam, Bern Switz.
- Layout Objects, Inc 508-777-2800
- LabVIEW National Instruments 512-794-0100
- VPLus SimPhonics, Inc 813-623-9917
- N!Power Signal Technology 805-899-8300 x350
- EiffelBuild ISE info@eiffel.com
- Sanscript Northwoods Software www.nwoods.com
- MultiMedia Logic Softronix www.softronix.com
-
- ** Component-based:
-
- Visual AppBuilder Novell 800-453-1267
- Capsule Metaphor / IBM 800-426-3333
- SynchroWorks Oberon Software, Inc 800-524-5459
- Parts Digitalk 800-531-2344
- Synergy Prodea Software Corp 800-PRODEA-1
- VisualAge IBM 800-426-3333
- Eiffel libraries ISE info@eiffel.com
-
- ** Multi-media and computer-based training authoring tools:
-
- Authorware Macromedia, Inc 800-945-4061
- IconAuthor AimTech Corp 800-289-2884
- ForShow Bourbaki, Inc 800-289-1347
- HSC InterActive HSC Software 800-566-6699
-
- ** Telephony:
-
- PhonePro Cypress Research 408-752-2700
- PhoneOne Information Gateway 703-760-0000
-
- ** Data aquisition:
-
- LabVIEW National Instruments 512-794-0100
- DT VEE (HP VEE reseller) Data Translation, Inc 800-525-8528
-
- ** Data analysis and visualization:
-
- Khoros Khoral Research 505-837-6500
- AVS Advanced Visual Systems 617-890-4300
-
- ** Design & Testing:
-
- Dataflo MP Dynetics, Inc. 800-922-9261
- Design/CPN Meta Software 617-576-6920
-
- ** DSP Design/Analysis
-
- Hypersignal Hyperception 214-343-8525
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q5: What can I read to learn more about Visual Programming Languages?
-
- A5:
-
- a) Books:
-
- ** The most comprehensive collection so far is:
-
- "Visual Programming Environments," E. P. Glinert, editor, 1990.
- [Glinert90b][Glinert90c]
-
- ** Other well-known books include:
-
- "Visual Languages," Chang, Ichikawa and Ligomenides, editors, 1986.
- [Chang86]
-
- "Visual Programming," N. C. Shu, 1988.
- [Shu88]
-
- "Principles of Visual Programming Systems," S.-K. Chang, editor, 1990.
- [Chang90a]
-
- "Visual Object-Oriented Programming: Concepts and Environments,"
- M. Burnett, A. Goldberg and T. Lewis, editors,
- Manning / Prentice-Hall, 1994(?).
- [Burnett94]
-
- ** Component-based software construction:
-
- "Reusable Software: The Base Object-Oriented Component Libraries,"
- B. Meyer, Prentice Hall, 1994.
-
- ** Language specific books include:
-
- "Cutting Your Test Development Time with HP VEE," Helsel,
- HP Professional Books / Prentice Hall, 1994.
-
- "LabVIEW Graphical Programming, Practical Applications in
- Instrumentation and Control," Gary W. Johnson, Carl Machover,
- series editor, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
-
- "Visual Programming with Prograph CPX," Steinman and Carver,
- Manning, 1995 [ ISBN: 0-13-441163-3 ].
-
- ** Possibly related books:
-
- "The Design of an Extensible Graph Editor", F. N. Paulisch,
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 704,
- Springer-Verlag, 1993.
-
- b) Journals:
-
- Journal of Visual Languages and Computing. The JVLC is published
- quarterly by the Academic Press, London, phone (outside the UK)
- +44-1-81-300-3322, fax +44-1-81-309-0807, ISSN 1045-926X.
- Institutional rate is $154/year, personal $70/year.
-
- Editors are S.-K. Chang and S. Levialdi.
-
- Address is:
- Journals Marketing Department
- Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Ltd.
- 24-28 Oval Road
- London NW1 7DX, UK
-
- Journals Promotion Department
- Academic Press
- 1250 Sixth Ave.
- San Diego, CA 92101, USA
-
- -------------------
-
- c) Proceedings:
-
- IEEE Workshop/Symposium proceedings have been published since 1986,
- but most have gone out of print. The most recent two are still
- available, others are probably not.
-
- VL'84, Hiroshima, Japan. IEEE Computer Society Press #612.
- VL'86, Dallas, Texas. IEEE Computer Society Press #722.
- VL'87, Linkoeping, Sweden.
- VL'88, Pittsburgh, PA. IEEE Computer Society Press #876.
- VL'89, Rome, Italy. IEEE Computer Society Press #2002.
- VL'90, Skokie, Ill. IEEE Computer Society Press #2090.
- VL'91, Kobe, Japan. IEEE Computer Society Press #2330.
- VL'92, Seattle, Washington. IEEE Computer Press #3090.
- VL'93, Bergen, Norway. IEEE Computer Society Press #3970-02.
- VL'94, St. Louis, MO. IEEE Computer Society Press #6660-02.
- VL'95, Darmstadt, German. IEEE Computer Society Press #.
- VL'96, Boulder, CO. IEEE Computer Society Press #.
- VL'97, . IEEE Computer Society Press #.
-
- 1994's Visual Software Programming Languages Meeting held
- in Scottsdale, Arizona will probably never produce a proceedings,
- which is really too bad.
-
- Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI) :
-
- 1992 International Workshop on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI '92),
- Rome, May, 1992. Published as Advanced Visual Interfaces, T. Catarci,
- M. F. Costabile, and S. Levialdi, eds., World Scientific Series in
- Computer Science, vol. 36, Singapore: World Scientific Press, 1992.
-
- 1994 International Workshop on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI '94),
- Bari, Italy, May, 1994. Proceedings published by ACM Press.
-
- d) Upcoming Conferences:
-
- VL '98, September 1-4, 1998, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
-
- WWW:
- http://www.cs.dal.ca/~smedley/vl98/
-
- e) FTP-able information.
-
- ** The POLKA program visualization system, including documentation,
- and the Gthreads view library:
- site: ftp.cc.gatech.edu
- dir : pub/people/stasko
- file: polka.tar.Z
- gthread.Animations.tar.Z
- gthread.KSRtracing.tar.Z
-
- ** A technical report describing the NL visual language is available
- from:
- site: probitas.cs.utas.edu.au (131.217.20.5)
- dir : pub/TR
- file: R93-11.ps.Z
-
- [ this file appears to be renamed as TR93-11.ps.Z ]
-
- ** Executables for ChemTrains and NoPumpGII:
- site: ftp.cs.colorado.edu
- dir : pub/cs/distribs/clewis/NATP
-
- ** Annotated Bibliography on Graph Drawing Algorithms
- site: wilma.cs.brown.edu (128.148.33.66)
- dir : /pub
- file: gdbiblio.tex.Z and gdbiblio.ps.Z
-
- ** Prograph source archives
- site: ftp.iup.edu
- dir : info-prograph
-
- ** Papers, user manuals and Sun 4 binaries for CODE 2.0
- site: pompadour.csres.utexas.edu
- dir : ParProg/code2
-
- site: ftp.cs.utexas.edu
- dir : pub/techreports
-
- ** Source, manuals and papers for HeNCE 1.4
- site: netlib2.cs.utk.edu
- dir : hence
-
- or through xnetlib
-
- ** Escalanate source/binaries & users' guide
- site: cs.colorado.edu
- dir : /pub/distribs/escalante
- file: README
-
- ** LabVIEW ftp sites
- site: ftp.natinst.com
- dir : support/labview
-
- site: ftp.pica.army.mil
- dir : pub/labview
-
- *** GIL papers and GIL toolkit, including theorem prover
- site: ftp.cs.ucsb.edu
- dir : /pub/gil/papers
- file: README
-
- dir : /pub/gil
- file: [toolkit]
-
- ** HyperPascal papers
- site: smee.massey.ac.nz (130.123.96.9)
- dir : plyons
- file: PICSIL.ps, PICSIL.st (stuffit compressed Word file)
- file: hyperpas.ps, hyperpas.st
-
- ** [G&H93a] and [G&H93b]
- site: ftp.cs.waikato.ac.nz
- dir : /ftp/pub/papers/postscript/
- file: mviews, spe
-
- ** VIPR papers
- site: ftp.cs.colorado.edu
- dir : /pub/techreports/{citrin/zorn}/
- file: CU-CS-672-93.ps.Z ([CITRIN93a])
- CU-CS-673-93.ps.Z ([CITRIN93b])
- VOOP-VIPR.ps.Z ([CITRIN94])
-
- ** Hypersignal paper [Carlson94]
- send email to info-dspxblk@hyperception.com.
-
- f) Graduate programs that include visual programming.
-
- [ send a blurb about profs, languages, courses at your
- favorite grad school to me so I can include it here!!! ]
-
- ### George Mason University:
-
- GRADUATE PROGRAMS AT GMU: Degree programs available include the
- M.A. or M.F.A. in Visual Information Technology in the College of
- Arts & Sciences (centering on computer imaging and animation in
- electronic and digital media technology), the M.Ed. and Ph.D. in
- Instructional Technology (Graduate School of Education), or the M.S.
- and Ph.D. in computer science or computational statistics
- (School of Information Technology & Engineering).
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Chris Dede
- Graduate School of Education
- George Mason University
- 4400 University Drive
- Fairfax, VA 22030-4444
- cdede@gmu.edu
-
- ASSISTANTSHIPS:
- Research Assistantship for Virtual Reality
-
- ### Waikato University, New Zealand
-
- We are currently conducting research into software development
- environments which support integrated visual and textual programming
- (i.e. being able to specify a program using both techniques with full
- bi-directional consistency management). Included in this is support
- for collaborative visual (& textual) programming, version control
- and configuration management for visual (& textual) programs, and
- flexible user interface specification and generation. We are building
- both an environment which supports these facilities and an environment
- generator/OO framework for more easily constructing such systems.
- This work is a follow on to our earlier SPE/MViews research.
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr John Grundy
- Department of Computer Science
- University of Waikato
- Private Bag 3105
- Hamilton
- New Zealand
- jgrundy@waikato.ac.nz
-
- ### Auckland University, New Zealand
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr John Hosking
- Department of Computer Science
- University of Auckland
- Private Bag
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- j.hosking@cs.aukuni.ac.nz
-
- ### Massey University, New Zealand
-
- I'm currently running a small research program at Massey University,
- in New Zealand (that's in the South Pacific) investigating the
- implications of applying hypertechniques to visual programming
- languages. The vehicle for this research is a language called
- HyperPascal, implemented in Prolog with extensions to support
- object-orientation, and mutual real-time updating of
- multiple-window systems. Contact me (p.lyons@massey.ac.nz) for more
- information about possible projects at Masterate, Doctoral or
- Post-doctoral levels.
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Paul Lyons
- Computer Science Department
- Massey University
- Private Bag 11-222
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
- p.lyons@massey.ac.nz
-
- ### Oregon State University
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Margaret Burnett
- burnett@cs.orst.edu
-
- ### University of Washington
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Steven Tanimoto
- Dr. Alan Borning
-
- ### University of Kansas
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Allen Ambler
-
- ### University of Pittsburgh
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. S.-K. Chang
-
- ### Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Ephraim P. Glinert
- glinert@cs.rpi.edu
-
- ### University of Colorado
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Wayne Citrin
- citrin@cs.colorado.edu
-
- ### University of Colorado, Center for LifeLong Learning & Design
-
- The Center for LifeLong Learning & Design is creating tools and theoretical
- frameworks to support learners of all ages in the general context of design
- activities. Many of these tools are domain-oriented visual programming
- languages. The center offers course/degress through the University of
- Colorado computer science department and the Institute of Cognitive Science.
- We also work with the department of environmental design and fine art.
- Industrial affiliates include: Apple Computer Inc, NYNEX, and US WEST.
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Alexander Repenning
- http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~ralex/
-
- ### New Mexico State University
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Joseph Pfeiffer
- pfeiffer@nmsu.edu
-
- ### MIT Visible Languages Lab
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Henry Lieberman
-
- ### Carnegie Mellon University
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Brad Myers
- bam@cs.cmu.edu
-
- ### Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
-
- We are working on visual language aspects that support parallel
- program development, and program visualization techniques that
- assist parallel program debugging and performance tuning. We
- currently focus on message-passing programming systems.
-
- CONTACT POINT:
- Dr. Kang Zhang
- Department of Computing
- Macquarie University
- Sydney, NSW 2109
- Australia
- kang@mpce.mq.edu.au
-
- g) Other newsgroups.
-
- The newsgroup comp.lang.prograph was recently voted into
- existence and should soon appear at a newserver near you.
- Prograph is a commercially available visual programming
- language, originally for Macs, but soon to be available on
- a variety of platforms.
-
- Comp.soft-sys.khoros discusses various aspects of the Khoros
- integrated software development environment for information
- processing and visualization. Khoros includes the visual
- programming language Cantata.
-
- There is a mailing list for LabVIEW. To subscribe, send
- a message to: info-labview-request@pica.army.mil.
-
- There is a mailing list for Novell's AppWare project, which
- now includes Serius Developer. To subscribe, send a message
- with the contents "subscribe appware-info" to
- appware-info-request@adeva.org.
-
- Adeva is the AppWare developers association. (See WWW pages).
-
- h) WWW pages:
-
- # This FAQ in WWW/html format:
-
- http://union.ncsa.uiuc.edu/computing/visual.shtml
- [ by Dan Liberte, liberte@a.cs.uiuc.edu ]
-
- # VL'97 conference home page:
-
- http://www.unisa.it/vl97/vl97.html
-
- # VL'96 conference home page:
-
- http://soglio.colorado.edu/Web/vl96.html
-
- # VL'95 conference home page:
-
- http://www.pu.informatik.th-darmstadt.de/vl95/
-
- # The VPL Classification project
-
- http://www.cs.orst.edu/~burnett/vpl.html
- [ by Benjamin Summers, summers@storm.cs.orst.edu,
- and Margaret Burnett, burnett@cs.orst.edu ]
-
- # Bertrand Ibrahim
-
- http://cuiwww.unige.ch/eao/www/Visual/Visual.Programming.biblio.html
- [ All sorts of references to various VL/VP resources. ]
-
- http://cuiwww.unige.ch/eao/www/readme.html
- http://cuiwww.unige.ch/eao/www/VP.group.intro.e.html
- http://cuiwww.unige.ch/eao/www/CBL.papers/CBL.group.intro.e.html
- [ ref: Bertrand Ibrahim, Bertrand.Ibrahim@cui.unige.ch ]
-
- # Garnet home page
-
- http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project
- /garnet/www/garnet-home.html
- [ all on one line, of course ]
- [ ref: Brad A. Myers, bam+@cs.cmu.edu ]
-
- # Software visualization and animation system at Univ. of Exeter
-
- http://www.dcs.exeter.ac.uk/reports/reports.html#Multi-Media
-
- [ ref: Lindsey Ford ]
-
- # PROGRES
-
- ftp://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/pub/reports/1994/94-11.ps.gz
-
- # Self system
-
- http://self.sunlabs.com/
-
- # Index of HCI-related material in the Web
-
- http://is.twi.tudelft.nl/hci/
- [ ref: Hans de Graaff J.J.deGraaff@TWI.TUDelft.NL ]
-
- # Kent Wittenburg's home page, which contains some info about
- relational languages, multimedia parsing, etc. Also a pointer
- to Louis Weitzman's home page:
-
- http://www.caiwireless.net/~witsend/kentw
-
- Relational grammars:
-
- http://www.caiwireless.net/~witsend/relational-grammars-home.html
-
- [ ref: Kent Wittenburg kentw@gte.com ]
-
- # Marc Najork's PhD thesis on Cube, a 3-D visual programming lanuage
-
- http://www.research.digital.com/SRC/personal/Marc_Najork/thesis/
- index.html
-
- # Prograph related pages
-
- comp.lang.prograph FAQ:
- http://msor0.ex.ac.uk/PrographFAQ.html
-
- Misc. stuff including screen shots of Prograph code:
- http://msor0.ex.ac.uk/Prograph_Talk/StartTalk.html
-
- Pictorius Web page, includes Prograph info.
- http://www.pictorius.com
-
- # Various software visualization projects, systems and reports:
- [ John Stasko, stasko@cc.gatech.edu]
-
- http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/softviz/SoftViz.html
-
- # Alex Repenning's / Agentsheet
- [ Alex Repenning ]
-
- Agentsheets is a programming substrate to create domain-oriented visual
- progrmaming languages and simulation environments. Web page refers
- to :
- - papers
- - LEGOsheets : programming environment for LEGO
- - Agentsheets Remote Exploratorium
- - Child's play workshop notes
-
- http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~ralex/
-
- # Wayne Citrin's homepage
- [ Wayne Citrin ]
-
- http://soglio.colorado.edu/
-
- # MEANDER homepage
- [ Guido Wirtz ]
-
- http://www.informatik.uni-siegen.de/~guido/papers/meander.html
-
- # Karl Lieberherr's adaptive software systems
- [ Salil Pradhan ]
-
- http://www.ccs.neu.edu/research/demeter
-
- # Visual programming book nook
-
- http://www.sirius.com/~freedom/BBC/VisualNookPage.html
-
- # Browser's Book Corner
- [ Marjan Bace]
-
- http://www.browsebooks.com
-
- # EiffelBuild visual tool page
-
- http://www.eiffel.com
-
- # Novell's AppWare home page
-
- http://netwire.novell.com/home/appware
-
- # Adeva (AppWare developers' association) page:
- [ Mark Sulzen ]
-
- http://www.adeva.org
-
- # CODE (visual parallel programming environment) page
-
- http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/code
-
- # DV-Centro programming environment
-
- http://www.dvcorp.com/centro.html
-
- # John Grundy's home page; misc VL info and many papers
-
- http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~jgrundy/
-
- # Forms/3 page
-
- http://www.cs.orst.edu/~burnett/Forms3/forms3.html
-
- # Signal Technology N!Power
-
- http://www.silcom.com/~stilarry
-
- # AVI'96 pages
-
- http://disparc10.dis.uniromal.it:80/AVI96/info.html
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q6: How do you talk about Visual Programming Languages in an ASCII
- medium (i.e., USENET)?
-
- A6: NEW FAQ ANSWER:
-
- Multiple-sided answers are needed for this question.
-
- When the VSPLM/Arizona proceedings become available, I'll include some
- of that here.
-
- OLD FAQ ANSWER:
-
- Good question. Debate over this one continues. Some people on
- comp.lang.visual suggest that it can be done, citing film criticism as
- a textual medium talking about a decidedly non-textual medium. Others
- say that, sure, you can criticize a released film, but how can you
- talk about a film no one has seen (and by extension, a VPL no one has
- made programs with)?
-
- Brook Conner (dbc@cs.brown.edu) tends to go with the first team (that
- meaningful discussion can take place). Textual criticism will not
- replace actual experience. However, it can still be valuable.
- After all, text is fundamentally a form of communication, just like
- movies, animation, hypermedia, and that old standby, speech. The
- fact that there are some things text does not do well is probably
- why many of us are interested in VPLs in the first place, but I
- don't think anyone on this group would say "Text is useless."
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q7: VP paper classification project.
-
- A7: We have developed a classification scheme for classifying visual
- programming language research papers. As part of this work,
- we compiled a bibliography of papers classified by their
- _original authors_ according to this scheme. This bibliography
- is now available on the World Wide Web at:
-
- http://www.cs.orst.edu/~burnett/vpl.html
-
- If there are research papers you've written that you'd like to have
- added to the bibliography, pick up a copy of the report and send us
- a list of your papers classified according to the classification
- scheme described in the report. We'll update the bibliography from
- time to time. Please include the phrase VPLclassification in your
- email header.
-
- Margaret Burnett
- Oregon State University
- burnett@cs.orst.edu
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q8: What are some references about visual query languages?
-
- A8: Thom Gillespie's dissertation is titled "VisualMelvyl, a prototype
- model of a visual interface for an online public access catalog." It
- includes all the reasoning and every visual element in the interface,
- hundreds of pictures. Available through UMI as order number 9228661.
-
- I'd also suggest looking at Scott Kim's diss from Stanford on
- the Visual Computer. He's a graphic artist who did his dissertation
- with Knuth, very interesting. [Note, at least some readers think
- that Kim's work has very little, if any, to do with this topic. -DM]
-
- There are a number of visual query language ideas that are not
- diagrammatic, which may be more helpful to you than the diagrammatic
- ones. Have you looked in the annual proceedings of the Visual Language
- Workshops? (title: 19?? IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages). For
- example, there's an interesting paper in the 1992 proceedings by
- Del Bimbo et al. in which the query is basically a simplified picture
- of the desired results. A longer version of that paper appeared in
- the Journal of Visual Languages and Computing 3(3), Sept. 1992.
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q9: What are some references for component-based software?
-
- A9: Is anyone familiar with the idea of component based software construction?
-
- Look at Parts, from Digitalk. It is commercial example of what you are
- talking about.
-
- A couple of books related to the idea were pointed out, such as
- Grady Booch's "Software Components with Ada". Along the same line
- is the book "A Systematic Catalogue of Reusable Abstract Data Types"
- by Jurgen Uhl and Hans Albrecht Schmid (Springer-Verlag,
- ISBN 0-387-53229-3). Other components libraries can be found in
- Smalltalk, Gnu G++, the NIH C++ class library. Commercial sources
- include Digitalk, ParcPlace and Mediashare.
-
- Papers on the subject suggested by others include:
-
- Stovsky, MP, and Weide, BW, "Building Interprocess Communication Models
- Using STILE," in _Visual Programming Envinroments: Paradigms and
- Systems_, EP Glinert, ed., IEEE Press, 1990, 566-574.
-
- David C. Smith, Joshua Susser (1992) A Component Architecture
- for Personal Computer Software. In Brad A. Myers (ed.) Languages
- for Developing User Interfaces. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, pp:
- 31-56.
-
- Graphical Toolkit Approach to User Interaction Description
- Kosuke Tatsukawa
- Proc CHI'91 (ACM) ISBN 0-201-51278-5
- pp 322-328
-
- ** Mike McMahon of Oberon has the following to say:
-
- Now, with component assembly, you have to ask where the components
- come from. Often as not, textual programming is needed to produce
- non-GUI and/or non-database components. Whether this programming is
- done only by the supplier, by ISVs, in the same company as the
- customer, or by the actual user of the visual programming language
- varies, and depends more on the marketing strategy of the product than
- the capabilities of the visual system. Somewhat arbitrarily, I think
- one could draw the line by saying that a tool qualifies as a visual
- programming language if it is possible to build some application
- without textual programming. This means that the components available
- (from whereever) are reusable enough and the visual part powerful
- enough. Again arbitrarily, this excludes tools where some part of any
- conceivable application would be textual, such as NeXT Interface
- Builder or Lotus Notes ViP Visual Links, even though these tools allow
- some visual specification of the application control structure in
- addition to just the GUI.
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q10: Doesn't everyone agree that VL is great?
-
- A10: Heck, no! In fact, some pretty well-respected people have nothing
- but contempt for the visual representation of software. In a very
- famous article [Brooks87] Fred Brooks says this:
-
- A favorite subject for PhD dissertations in software
- engineering is graphical, or visual, programming - the
- application of computer graphics to software design....
- Nothing even convincing, much less exciting, has yet
- emerged from such efforts. I am persuaded that nothing will.
-
- Of course, Brooks' arguments contain several weaknesses:
-
- 1) He focuses on flowchart-based control-flow diagrams.
-
- 2) He is worried about screen size in pixels. Phil Cox has
- presented a strong argument why this may not be meaningful.
-
- 3) I think he misunderstands the power of multiple views - not
- superimposed views.
-
- -------------
-
- Another anti-vl quote:
-
- ...beware the claims of visual programming. Drawing
- lines between objects becomes bafflingly web-like.
- Purely visual programming is not yet and may never be
- viable. [OBrien93]
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q11: What work has been done in specifying visual language grammars?
-
- A11: Much work has been done. Here are some references broken down into
- the style of grammar used...
-
- * Parsing pictures with text:
-
- [Helm91a]
-
- [Wittenburg91]
-
- [Golin90, Golin91c]
-
- [Lakin86]
-
- * Visual Grammars: This work focuses on using non-textual grammars
- to specify the behavior of a language or system.
-
- ChemTrains: [Bell93, Bell91]
-
- Vampire: [McIntyre92b, McIntyre92c]
-
- BITPICT: [Furnas91]
-
- Visual Grammar Notation: [Lakin87]
-
- * Combination: This work combines graphical productions with textual
- productions.
-
- [StDenis90]
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q12: What is the Deutsch Limit?
-
- A12: A term made up by Fred Lakin describing a comment Peter Deutsch
- made at a VL talk by Scott Kim and Warren Robinett about a visual
- machine language they had invented.
-
- Deutsch said something like:
-
- "Well, this is all fine and well, but the problem with visual
- programming languages is that you can't have more than 50 visual
- primitives on the screen at the same time. How are you going to
- write an operating system?"
-
- This points out the obvious density advantage of text. This barrier
- has become known as the "Deutsch Limit," stated as:
-
- The problem with visual programming is that you can't have more
- than 50 visual primitives on the screen at the same time.
-
- [ Above by Fred Lakin, below by Dave McIntyre ]
-
- This is clearly a problem with visual representations. However, it
- is not immediately clear to me that a similar limit does not also
- exist in textual languages.
-
- When textually programming I frequently use an Emacs window with
- about 50 lines of text on my 19" monitor. Anyone older than about
- 35 complains that they cannot read the text because the font is
- too small. I use a lot of whitespace in my programs, so we might
- assume that the 50 lines in the editor contain 40 meaningful line.
- Most common programming styles dictate limiting the number of
- "primitives" or statements to one or two per line, giving my
- textual screen at most 80 primitives.
-
- Any comments?
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q13: What commercially available toolkits could help in VL programming?
-
- A13: [Note: these sections contain blurbs from ads...I'm not writing this]
-
- 1) Tom Sawyer's Graph Layout Toolkit.
-
- Tom Sawyer's Graph Layout Toolkit is a family of portable libraries
- that deliver an immediate face-lift to graphics applications with
- its sophisticated layout algorithms.
-
- [Seems to include several different layout algorithms for different
- style networks.]
-
- info from: info@tomsawyer.com / 510-848-0853 / Berkeley, CA
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Q14: Calls for Papers
-
- IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages
- Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada - September 1-4, 1998
- Sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society
-
- VL '98 is the premiere international conference on visual computer
- languages. The aim of this symposium is to bring together researchers and
- industrial professionals from a wide variety of backgrounds to present and
- discuss their ongoing work on visual communication with computers. We are
- interested in visual computer languages in the broad sense of the term,
- ranging from high-level graphical tools for programming professionals, to
- graphical database query languages, to languages for children to create
- simulation environments. In past years attendees have come from a wide
- variety of backgrounds, including human-computer interaction, programming
- languages theory and practice, psychology of programmers, computer-aided
- design, multimedia, database systems, geographical information systems,
- software engineering, and computer science education. We also draw
- participants from both industry and academia, including students as well as
- professionals. This year we are particularly interested in increasing
- attendance from the human psychology community, including human computer
- interaction, empirical studies (qualitative as well as quantitative),
- psychology of programmers, and related fields. The technical program will
- include research and practice papers, posters, panels, keynote addresses by
- distinguished speakers, and special events.
-
-
- Submissions
-
- Papers can be original research papers (maximum 8 pages ), original
- application/case studies (maximum 6 pages), or poster papers (maximum 2
- pages) in IEEE two-column proceeding format. Authors must identify the
- paper's category. In addition we are interested in tutorial proposals and
- live demonstrations. Original research papers should make clear what new
- contribution the work makes to visual languages, and how it differs from
- related works; original case study/application papers should describe the
- use of one or more VLs in the real world. Such papers are especially
- encouraged if they report on ways to use VLs or applications of VLs that
- have not been reported before. Poster papers are most suitable for
- interactive discussion.
-
-
- Deadlines
-
- Abstracts: February 27, 1998
-
- All authors intending to submit a paper must submit, by e-mail, a 150 word
- abstract of the paper. These will not be reviewed, but will be used to
- select reviewers, and thus are essential to enable us to have the papers
- reviewed in a timely manner.
-
- Papers: March 13, 1998
-
- All papers will be submitted electronically, in postscript format. Details
- of electronic submission will be made available shortly.
-
- Notification to authors of acceptance: May 1, 1998
- Final camera-ready manuscript: July 3, 1998
-
-
- Technical Committee
-
- General Chair: Genny Tortora, Italy
- Program Co-Chairs: David McIntyre, USA
- Trevor Smedley, Canada
- Tutorials Chair: Joe Pfeiffer, US
-
-
- Steering Committee:
-
- S.K. Chang, USA
- Allen Ambler, USA
- Tadao Ichikawa, Italy
- Erland Jungert, Sweden
- Robert Korfhage, USA
- Stefano Levialdi, Italy
- Steven Tanimoto, USA
-
-
- Program Committee:
-
- Meera Blattner, USA
- Margaret Burnett, USA
- Wayne Citrin, USA
- Francesca Costabile, Italy
- Philip T. Cox, Canada
- Isabel Cruz, USA
- Alberto Del Bimbo, Italy
- Stephen Eick, USA
- Ephraim Glinert, USA
- Thomas Green, United Kingdom
- John C. Grundy, New Zealand
- Volker Haarslev, Germany
- Masahito Hirakawa, Japan
- H.J. Hoffmann, Germany
- Chris Holt, United Kingdom
- John Hosking, New Zealand
- Dan Kimura, USA
- Kim Marriott, Australia
- Satoshi Matsuoka, Japan
- Paul Mulholland, United Kingdom
- Piero Mussio, Italy
- Marc Najork, USA
- Alex Repenning, USA
- Andy Schuerr, Germany
- John Stasko, USA
- Susan M. Uskudarli, USA
- Susan Weidenbeck, USA
- Kang Zhang, Australia
-
- For further information, contact:
- Dr. Trevor Smedley, Dalhousie University,
- Faculty of Computer Science, PO Box 1000,
- Halifax, NS, Canada, B3J 2X4
- e-mail: Trevor.Smedley@dal.ca
- Fax: 1-902-492-1517
-
- Or visit the website: http://www.cs.dal.ca/~smedley/vl98
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- References:
-
- @inproceedints{Beguelin91,
- author="A. Beguelin et al.",
- title="Graphical Development Tools for Newtork-Based
- Concurrent Supercomputing",
- booktitle="Proc. Supercomputing 91",
- year="1991",
- address="Albuquerque, NM",
- pages="435-444"}
-
- @inproceedings{Bell91,
- author="B. Bell and J. Rieman and C. Lewis",
- title="Usability Testing of a Graphical Programming System:
- Things We Missed in a Programming Walkthrough",
- booktitle="Proc. CHI '91",
- year="1991",
- pages="7--12",
- month="April",
- address="New Orleans, Louisiana"}
-
- @phdthesis{Bell92a,
- author="B. Bell",
- title="Using Programming Walkthroughs to Design a Visual Language",
- school="University of Colorado at Boulder",
- year="1992",
- month="January",
- address="Boulder, Colorado"}
-
- @inproceedings{Bell92b,
- author="B. Bell and W. Citrin",
- title="Simulation of Communications Protocols through Graphical
- Transformation Rules",
- booktitle="Advanced Visual Interfaces",
- year="1992",
- month="May",
- address="Rome, Italy"}
-
- @inproceedings{Bell93,
- author="B. Bell and C. Lewis",
- title="ChemTrains: A Language for Creating Behaving Pictures",
- booktitle=vl93,
- year="1993",
- pages="188--195",
- month="August",
- address="Bergen, Norway"}
-
- @article{Borning86,
- title="Graphically Defining New Building Blocks in {T}hing{L}ab",
- author="A. Borning",
- journal=hci,
- volume="2",
- year="1986",
- pages="269--295"}
-
- @article{Brooks87,
- title="No Silver Bullet",
- author="F. P. Brooks, Jr.",
- journal=ieeec,
- month="April",
- year="1987",
- volume="20",
- number="4",
- pages="10--19"}
-
- @article{Burnett89,
- title="Influence of Visual Technology on the Evolution of
- Language Environments",
- author="A. L. Ambler an M. M. Burnett",
- journal=ieeec,
- year= 1989,
- volume="6",
- number=2,
- pages="9-22",
- month="October"}
-
- @inproceedings{Burnett92,
- title="A Declarative Approach to Event-handling in Visual
- Programming Languages",
- author="M. M. Burnett and A. L. Ambler",
- booktitle=vl93,
- year="1992",
- pages="34--40",
- address="Seattle, Washington",
- month="September"}
-
- @book{Burnett94,
- title="Visual Object-Oriented Programming",
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-
- String definitions used in the above references:
-
- @string{ieeec = "IEEE Computer"}
- @string{jvlc = "J. Visual Languages and Computing"}
- @string{ieeese = "IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"}
- @string{ieees = "IEEE Software"}
- @string{ieeecga = "IEEE CG \& A"}
- @string{hci = "Human Computer Interaction"}
- @string{toplas = "ACM Trans. Programming Languages and Systems"}
- @string{vl84 = "Proc. 1984 IEEE Workshop Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl86 = "Proc. 1986 IEEE Workshop Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl87 = "Proc. 1987 IEEE Workshop Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl88 = "Proc. 1988 IEEE Workshop Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl89 = "Proc. 1989 IEEE Workshop Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl90 = "Proc. 1990 IEEE Workshop Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl91 = "Proc. 1991 IEEE Workshop Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl92 = "Proc. 1992 IEEE Workshop Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl93 = "Proc. 1993 IEEE Symposium Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl94 = "Proc. 1994 IEEE Symposium Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl95 = "Proc. 1995 IEEE Symposium Visual Languages"}
- @string{vl96 = "Proc. 1996 IEEE Symposium Visual Languages"}
- @string{cacm = "Commun. ACM"}
- @string{byte = "BYTE"}
- @string{oopsla88 = "Proc. OOPSLA '88"}
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Acknowledgements:
-
- This work has been significantly enhanced through input from:
-
- Margaret Burnett burnett@cs.orst.edu
- Nick Wilde wilde@sigi.cs.colorado.edu
- Brendan Madden bmadden@tomsawyer.com
- Ron Dolin rad@sbhep.physics.ucsb.edu
- Fred Lakin lakin@pgc.com
- Michael Bell mbell@compsci.liverpool.ac.uk
- John Morris morris@probitas.cs.utas.edu.au
- Wayne Citrin citrin@cs.colorado.edu
- Kent Wittenburg kentw@bellcore.com
- Marc Brown mhb@src.dec.com
- Marc Najork najork@src.dec.com
- Brigham Bell bbell@advtech.uswest.com
- Peter Newton newton@cs.utk.com
- Makoto Murata murata@wrc.xerox.com
- Brian Powell brian@natinst.com
- John Grundy jgrundy@waikato.ac.nz
- Dan Liberte liberte@a.cs.uiuc.edu
- Bertrand Ibrahim Bertrand.Ibrahim@cui.unige.ch
- Nicholas Tarnoff tarnoff@cme.nist.gov
- Stefan Pantke sp@informatik.uni-kiel.d400.de
- Bernd Gruendling bernd@gobio.escape.de
- John Garden gardenj@prograph.com
- Jutta Degener jutta@cs.tu-berlin.de
- Mike McMahon mmcm@oberon.com
- Greg McKaskle greg.mckaskle@natinst.com
- Guido Wirtz guido@informatik.uni-siegen.de
- Salil Pradhan salil@ccs.neu.edu
- Larry Pfeifer stilarry@signal.com
- Eric Jacopin jacopin@thomson-lcr.fr
- Bertrand Meyer bertrand@eiffel.com
- Mark Sulzen Mark_Sulzen@novell.com
- Emery Berger emery@cs.texas.edu
- Alex Repenning ralex@cs.colorado.edu
- Dave Clark dclark@dvcorp.com
- Marjan Bace maba@manning.com
- Brian Carlson brian@hyperception.com
- Paula Minnikin pminni@pictorius.com
- Bay-Wei Chang bchang@parc.xerox.com
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- David McIntyre mcintyre@wizvax.net 212-409-3574
-
-