home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
Text File | 1997-09-14 | 86.6 KB | 2,385 lines |
- Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!peerfeed!newsfeed.internetmci.com!194.72.7.126!news-peer.bt.net!btnet!dispatch.news.demon.net!demon!tamarix.demon.co.uk!tamarix!andrew
- From: andrew@#nospam#tamarix.demon.co.uk (Andrew Josey)
- Newsgroups: comp.unix.unixware.misc,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: UnixWare Frequently Asked Questions (The Email system)
- Supersedes: <EEotHD.rv@tamarix.demon.co.uk>
- Followup-To: comp.unix.unixware.misc
- Date: Sun, 14 Sep 1997 08:31:41 GMT
- Organization: Home.
- Sender: news@tamarix.demon.co.uk
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU
- Expires: Mon, 13 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT
- Message-ID: <EGHp0t.1HD@tamarix.demon.co.uk>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: localhost
- Summary: Answers to questions frequently asked about SCO's UnixWare product
- X-NNTP-Posting-Host: tamarix.demon.co.uk [158.152.252.110]
- X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2]
- Lines: 2365
- Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.unix.unixware.misc:24271 comp.answers:28049 news.answers:112202
-
- Archive-name: unix-faq/unixware/email
- Posting-Frequency: monthly
- Last-modified: Jul 9 1997
- Version: 2.12
-
- UnixWare« Frequently Asked Questions List ( The Email system )
-
- For more information about the files which make up the total UnixWare FAQ,
- see the "FAQ Overview" file posted regularly on the Internet newsgroup
- comp.unix.unixware.misc.
-
- INTRODUCTION
-
- This is the Email section of the UnixWare Frequently Asked Questions file
- maintained on the Internet. Its maintainers is Andrew Josey
- (andrew(a)tamarix.demon.co.uk). Suggestions and contributions are always
- welcome.
-
- The purpose of this document is to give answers to frequently asked
- questions on Email configuration in UnixWare 2.x for the "mailsurr"
- subsystem.
-
- This document in this revision does not cover sendmail in detail. There is a
- package included on the freebird archive at
- ftp://ftp.freebird.org/unixware/freebird/mailtools/sendmail that will
- automatically update the system to use sendmail.
-
- If you have UnixWare 2.1.2, please note that the Sendmail version included
- with the Internet FastStart is known to have some security problems and is
- not covered by this FAQ - contact SCO for configuration information.
-
- If you are setting up Email for the first time, please check Questions M2
- and M15 first, which document known problems in the Email system and give an
- overview of key steps to setup for internet mail. If you use dialup PPP see
- M52.
-
- This document and the other FAQ files may be found on the world wide web at
- http://www.freebird.org/faq/
-
- This document may also be obtained by anonymous ftp from the freebird
- archive at
-
- * ftp.freebird.org:/unixware/freebird/hints/FAQ/email
- * ftp1.freebird.org:/pub/mirror/freebird/hints/FAQ/email
- * ftp2.freebird.org:/pub/unixware/freebird/hints/FAQ/email
-
- Small print: This file is Copyright 1997 freebird.org. Permission is granted
- for copying for non-commercial use. Many proper names of companies and
- software mentioned in these files are trademarks of their respective owners.
- All views are those of the individual contributors and not of their
- employers.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
-
- M1) What is the default Mailer on UnixWare ?
- M2) Are there any mail related bug fixes for UnixWare 2 ?
- M3) Is there any documentation describing the mail subsystem?
- M4) I've seen mention of the createSurr command and autoconfiguration
- of the mail subsystem - what is this and what does it do?
- M5) Where are the configuration files used by the mail subsystem?
- M6) How do I set the domain name used in the From: line?
- M7) What other configuration parameters can I set in the
- /etc/mail/mailcnfg file?
- M8) How does mail get delivered and how does the /etc/mail/mailsurr file work?
- M9) How can I setup mail aliasing?
- M10) How are uucp and smtp handled by the mailsurr file?
- M10.1) How do I setup uucp over TCP between two UnixWare machines?
- M11) I want to setup uucp outbound over a modem, how do I setup
- the uucp files?
- M12) How do i restart smtp - do I need to reboot?
- M13) How do I setup mail logging?
- M14) How do I setup Smart Routing - using pathrouter ?
-
- M15) What do I need to do to Set Up an Internet/Uucp Mail Gateway on UnixWare2?
- M15.1) Setup mail alias lookups via DNS, NIS or MHS (/etc/mail/lookupLibs)
- M15.2) Set the mail domain information in /etc/mail/mailcnfg
- M15.3) Setup any header rewrite rules (/etc/mail/rewrite)
- M15.4) Customizing /etc/mail/mailsurr (/usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto)
- M15.5) Setting up delivery lines to mail-servers, list-processors etc
- M15.6) Activating mail logging
- M15.7) Setting up suitable defaults for mailx users
- M15.8) If you have local users, then add other mail-user agents
- M15.9) Update /etc/profile
- M15.10) Setting up smart routing between uucp and internet zones
- M15.11) Add a rule to mailsurr.proto to catch mail to unknown local users.
- M15.12) Setup uucp over the connection server for uucp over
- M15.13) Setup mail alias files
- M15.14) Install an alternate incoming smtpd
- M15.15) Install the TCP/SPX wrappers so as to monitor who is connecting.
- M16) I have UW2 and my inbound smtpd keeps dying. Is there a fix?
- M17) I have UW2 - smtpd now runs as a daemon - is there a way to run
- it from inetd? Running from inetd makes it more reliable and also
- can be wrapped.
- M18) I have UW2 and my outbound smtp does incorrect routing to MX
- record sites and also continually bounces mail when sending
- to an unknown user when it should only bounce once - is there a fix?
- M19) I'm having trouble routing email from my local machine to the net.
- I'm connected to a local internet provider and can run Mosaic etc
- but can't send email. What do i need to do to make this work?
- M20) Mail sent to my domain mydom.com does not arrive locally on the
- machine. It gets here but the local mailsystem does not recognise it
- as local.
- M20.1) How can I set other mail domains besides my real domain
- to be treated as local?
- M21) I'm using UnixWare2 and when mail arrives locally the Return-Path:
- header has the format @myprovider:remotedomain!user or @domain:user or
- @domain:user@domain. Is there someway to put this into normal
- domain address format?
- M22) Large mail alias lists don't seem to work on UnixWare 2. Is this
- a known problem?
- M23) smtp mail to hosts which only have MX records and no valid A
- records never gets there? This is with the 2.0 developer release.
- M24) How do I make the mailsystem send mail for local addresses off
- to another host if they are not found locally without setting up
- aliases?
- M25) How can I get mailx/dtmail to add fullname information to
- the From: line?
- M26) How can I set the From: line (hiding the internal hosts to a
- mail domain)?
- M27) I want to setup a cluster of machines, with a single mail
- gateway machine.
- M28) How can i make bounced email go to the postmaster if the user
- address is invalid?
- M29) How can i debug mail delivery?
- M30) How can i debug the /etc/mail/rewrite rules?
- M31) How can I use the rewrite rules to rewrite a To: header
- of the format uunet!domain!user to user@domain?
- M32) I have tcp installed yet i only want to do transfers over
- uucp. How do i make the mailsurr file exclude the smtpqer delivery lines?
- M33) I'm sending to a SCO system over uucp which only understands
- RFC822. The UnixWare mailsystem inserts an extra From line which
- upsets the SCO mailer.
- M34) Where are outgoing messages stored for smtp?
- M35) Mail is bouncing back with problems about an invalid
- From header line, what should I do?
- M36) After changing the system owner to another user and
- deleting the original user, mail is still being sent to the original
- system owner for example when a new package is installed,
- and errors stating "unable to send to " appear after adding a package.
- M37) Why when I send local mail does my PPP link get established, for
- example when I pkgadd or pkgrm a package?
- M38) Is it possible to change the sender address with
- mailsurr's translation facilities? The man page indicates
- that only the recipient address can be changed.
- Am I going to have to move to sendmail?
- M39) How do I setup a POP3 server on UnixWare ?
- M40) I'm using UnixWare 1.x and I can't find the createSurr command,
- what should i do?
- M41) How do I setup my mail to be autoanswered?
- M42) How do I setup my mail to be forwarded?
- M43) How do I setup a mail-server?
- M44) How do I setup a mailing list - such as Listproc ?
- M45) How do I make sendmail the default mailer?
- M46) Mail of the address format @mylocal.domain:user@mylocal.domain is not
- delivered locally, how can I fix this?
- M47) dtmail won't restart after my machine was switched off.
- M48) Inbound mail is addressed to <@site.demon.co.uk:user@domain.co.uk>
- and does not get delivered to the local user.
- M49) I'm using PPP but don't have the interface up when the system
- creates the mailsurr file, and thus it does not detect my IP
- link - what can I do?
- M50) How can I set mailalias in the form : user@site maps to local user?
- M51) What is the /etc/mail/smtpcnfg file in tf2100/UW2.1?
- M52) How should I setup Mail via PPP?
- M53) How can I setup mail to handle virtual hosts's mail?
- M54) I need to print all incoming mail as well as send it to local users.
- M55) Mail loops - its forwarded by my provider but then goes into a loop - any ideas?
- M56) Mail delivery does not seem to be case insensitive - any ideas?
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Subject: M1) What is the default Mailer on UnixWare?
-
- The default mailer on UnixWare is based on SVR4 mail and was originally
- developed at AT&T Bell Labs. This mailer uses a regular-expression
- based parser (/etc/mail/mailsurr) to deliver mail - this is similar in
- format to sendmail but is not sendmail.
- It supports SMTP, UUCP mail, mailing list directories,
- mail aliases and an MHS gateway.
-
- Sendmail is also included on the system and can be used instead
- of the mailsurr subsystem but is not the officially
- supported mailer (see question M45 for how to make sendmail
- the default mailer). If you do decide to use sendmail you are recommended
- to get the latest version, the ones included by default are known
- to be out of date and may have some security problems.
-
- Subject: M2) Are there any mail related bug fixes for UnixWare2 ?
-
- If you have UnixWare 2.01/2.02/2.03 you SHOULD install tf2100.tar.
- (IGNORE THE RELEASE NOTES for tf2100 that say the fixes are in 2.03,
- the final version of tf2100 was after 2.03, so you do need it).
-
- If you have UnixWare 2.1 or Later you DO NOT need to install tf2100.tar,
- but you are recommended to upgrade to 2.1.1 or 2.1.2 as that
- contains further mail related fixes.
-
- Other alternatives are to install sendmail or smap/smapd. See
- the freebird archive for details.
-
- Subject: M3) Is there any documentation describing the mail subsystem?
-
- Please read the on-line Dynatext documentation provided with UnixWare.
-
- Subject: M4) I've seen mention of the createSurr command and autoconfiguration
- of the mail subsystem - what is this and what does it do?
-
- The createSurr script is an attempt to autoconfigure the /etc/mail/mailsurr
- file based on the running configuration.
-
- createSurr is run automatically on each reboot in /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp.
-
- To make permanent changes to the mail configuration you must edit
- the /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto file rather than the /etc/mail/mailsurr
- file - or disable the call to createSurr in /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp by
- commenting it out.
-
- The first thing you might want to try prior to any other changes is
- to run the new GUI admin tool for Mail Setup, in Admin_Tools/Mail_Setup,
- select extended and save the selection.
-
- The next section describes in some detail how createSurr works.
-
- The mail autoconfiguration routine invoked by
- /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr consults the perl script (note that
- UnixWare includes a cut down version of perl 4.036 in /usr/gnu/bin)
- /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/configCheck to probe the system configuration, followed
- by /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/configMail to update the /etc/mail/mailsurr file.
-
- In detail the sequence is as follows:
-
- createSurr
- calls-> configCheck
- opens-> /etc/mail/mailflgs
- /etc/mail/mailcnfg
- /etc/mail/smfcnfg
- /etc/resolv.conf
- /etc/uucp/Systems
- /etc/confnet.d/inet/interface
- updates-> /etc/mail/mailflgs
- calls-> configMail
- opens-> /etc/mail/mailflgs
- /etc/mail/mailsurr.proto
- updates-> /etc/mail/mailsurr
-
- Subject: M5) What are the configuration files used by the mail subsystem?
-
- The configuration files are stored in /etc/mail and in /usr/lib/mail.
-
- The key files in /etc/mail are:
- mailcnfg mailsurr rewrite lookupLibs
-
- The key files in /usr/lib/mail are:
- mailsurr.proto lookupLibs.proto
-
- The /etc/mail/mailcnfg file:
-
- This file is used to initialise the mail configuration;
- in UnixWare 2 the GUI Mail_setup tool edits this file.
- The fields DOMAIN and SMARTERHOST are of particular importance.
-
- DOMAIN - string used to supply the domain name for the From: line
-
- SMARTERHOST - can be set to a machine that has better routing information
- in case the local machine does not understand the address. Its
- possible and desirable for some workstations to route all mail
- to the SMARTERHOST; if you are connecting to the internet you probably
- want to set SMARTERHOST to the name of your ISP.
-
- The /etc/mail/mailsurr file:
-
- This file contains a set of rules for routing and transport of mail.
- This is further described later in this document.
-
- The /etc/mail/rewrite file:
-
- This is new in UnixWare 2 and allows mail header rewriting (see
- rewrite(4) and the Dynatext documents referred to in section M3) .
-
- The /etc/mail/rewrite contains functions to rewrite mail headers for
- local (called in the local() function) and remote delivery (called in
- the main() function).
-
- An example of changing the From: lines to hide internal
- hosts is given in question M15 section 3.
-
- The /etc/mail/lookupLibs files:
-
- This is new in UnixWare 2 and is a file containing the names of the
- shared libraries to be opened when the mailalias command (which is
- run by mail when parsing the mailsurr file). This determines where
- aliases should be found. Its possible using this for alias lookup to
- use the DNS and NIS.
- This file is autoconfigured.
-
- The /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto file:
-
- This contains the default mailsurr rules for different configurations.
- This file is used to create the file /etc/mail/mailsurr. Permanent
- changes to /etc/mail/mailsurr should be made by editing this file.
- This is further described later in this document.
-
- The /usr/lib/mail/lookupLibs.proto file:
-
- This is new in UnixWare 2.
- This contains the default mailalias lookup rules. This file is used
- to create the file /etc/mail/lookupLibs. Permanent changes to that
- file should be made by editing this file.
- This is further described later in this document.
-
- The /etc/mail/smtpcnfg file:
-
- This is new in tf2100 and UnixWare 2.1.
- The contains initialisation information for the behaviour of smtp.
- See M51 for details of the default values in this file.
-
- Subject: M6) How do I set the domain name used in the From: line?
-
- In UnixWare2 the Mail_setup GUI tool can be used to set the domain
- address. This edits a file called /etc/mail/mailcnfg and adds
- a line, for example to set the domain to "mydomain.com"
-
- DOMAIN=mydomain.com
-
- Subject: M7) What other configuration parameters can I set in the
- /etc/mail/mailcnfg file?
-
- CLUSTER - can be used to name a group of machines. The string supplied
- is used instead of the domain name when mail supplies the
- remote from line. (with the /etc/mail/rewrite file included
- in UnixWare 2 - i no longer use this field but add a rewrite
- function instead)
-
- FAILSAFE - can be used to denote a machine to which delivery should
- be made in case local delivery fails - useful when using
- mail in a networked environment
-
- DEL_EMPTY_FILE - if value set to no empty mailfiles are not deleted by
- mail or mailx
-
- ADD_DATE - if set to true, i.e ADD_DATE=true, the mailer will add a Date:
- line if one does not already exit
-
- ADD_FROM - if set to true, i.e ADD_FROM=true, the mailer will add a From:
- line if one does not already exit
-
- Subject: M8) How does mail get delivered and how does the /etc/mail/mailsurr
- file work?
-
- Incoming mail over smtp is received over TCP/IP on port 25.
- In UnixWare 2.x an smtpd daemon process listens on port 25 to receive mail
-
- Once mail is received by the smtp receiver it is passed to
- the rmail process which then uses the regular expression based
- parser (/etc/mail/mailsurr) to decide how to do deliver the mail.
-
- Incoming mail over uucp is queued in /var/spool/uucp/sitename and then
- uux scans that directory and passes the mail off to the
- rmail process for delivery.
-
- Outgoing mail is handed to rmail which based on the address and
- the mailsurr rules in place delivers the mail accordingly.
-
- The file /etc/mail/mailsurr contains a set of rules for routing and
- transport of mail.
-
- This file is automatically created by the command
- /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr by scanning the system configuration
- and a template mailsurr prototype file in /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto.
-
- To make permanent changes to this file edit the mailsurr.proto file
- and then rerun the createSurr command.
-
- The mail autoconfiguration routine invoked by /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr
- consults the perl script /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/configCheck to probe the system
- configuration.
-
- After scanning the system the file /etc/mail/mailflgs
- contains flags for the configuration options autoconfigured. Examination of the
- mailsurr.proto shows the same flags with conditional mailsurr entries.
-
- The possible flags in /etc/mail/mailflgs are SMTR, MHS, DNS, UUCP and IP:
-
- SMTR if SMARTERHOST is set in /etc/mail/mailcnfg
-
- MHS is set if %g is set in /etc/mail/mailcnfg (MHS gateway )
- This may be set off if MHSINTERVAL is set to 0 in /etc/mail/smfcnfg
-
- DNS is set if there is a resolver set in /etc/resolv.conf
- UUCP is set if there are entries in /etc/uucp/Systems
- IP is set if it determines there is a valid device in
- /etc/confnet.d/inet/interface
-
-
- The createSurr command the invokes /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/configMail to
- produce the updated /etc/mail/mailsurr file.
-
- Looking at the file created (see mailsurr(4) for full details).
- Each entry in the /etc/mail/mailsurr file consists of three fields.
-
- 'sender' 'recipient' 'command'
-
- The sender and recipient fields are regular expressions. If
- these first two fields match those of the mail message being
- processed, the associated command is run.
-
- Some sample mailsurr entries follow - don't worry if you don't
- understand these, for a full explanation you can refer to the
- UnixWare man page for mailsurr(4).
-
- # mail-server, mailing lists and information distribution handling section
- '.+' 'mail-server' '< /opt/lib/mserv/listener'
- '.+' 'listproc' '<S=0; /home/listserv/catmail -r -f'
-
- # Send mail for `laser' to attached laser printer
- # Make certain that failures are reported via return mail.
- '.+' 'laser' '< S=0;F=*; lp -dlaser'
-
- # For remote mail via uucp
- '.+' '([^!@]+)!(.+)' '< /usr/bin/uux - \\1!rmail (\\2)'
-
- Examples of mailsurr/mailsurr.proto/mailcnfg files for a uucp/internet
- gateway and client workstation in cluster configurations
- are available from the Freebird archive in the directory hints:
- Mail/README
- Mail/mailsurr
- Mail/mailcnfg
- Mail/client.mailcnfg
- Mail/client.mailsurr
- Mail/client.mailcnfg.uw2
- Mail/client.mailsurr.uw2
- Mail/mailcnfg.uw2
- Mail/mailsurr.proto.uw2
-
- Subject: M9) How can I setup mail aliasing?
-
- UnixWare mail has a convenient method of alias processing, and the
- mailer calls a utility called mailalias.
-
- The mailalias utility if it cannot find a user locally or a mailbox
- (UnixWare mail delivers to mailfiles as well as users - so
- you can just places a mailbox into /var/mail without setting
- up a user account) looks for a list
- of alias files in the configuration file /etc/mail/namefiles.
-
- Note that mailsurr does not use any of the sendmail aliasing
- files (i.e. /usr/ucblib/aliases).
-
- The default files are /etc/mail/lists and /etc/mail/names. In our
- local installation we've added added a couple of local files,
- /etc/mail/groups for internal groups, /etc/mail/localiases for
- internal distribution and /etc/mail/fullnames
- which has alternate long names; so this file looks like:
-
- # --- example /etc/mail/namefiles -----
- /etc/mail/lists
- /etc/mail/names
- # Local add-ons
- /etc/mail/groups
- /etc/mail/localiases
- /etc/mail/fullnames
- # -----end example ----
-
- /etc/mail/groups could be:
-
- # ---- example /etc/mail/groups -----
- # All the local groups within Sitename.This is the definitive copy used by
- # all the mail interfaces (it's totally transparent to them all).
- #
-
- managers john fred wendy june
- staff joan michelle rita \
- sarah brendan
- all managers staff
- # --- end example --
-
- /etc/mail/localiases could be:
-
- # ----- example /etc/mail/localiases ----
- # localiases:
- # These are purely local, readily changeable aliases for mapping
- # user@site.domain to internal host!user
- #
- # This file is for the gateway
-
- john argus!john
- fred argus!fred
- wendy woolco!wendy
- june sun4!june
- rita olim380!rita
- sarah olim380!sarah
- brendan sun4!brendan
- # -- end example --
-
- /etc/mail/fullnames could be:
-
- # --- example /etc/mail/fullnames ---
- j.williams john
- john.williams john
- f.jones fred
- fred.jones fred
- w.jones wendy
- wendy.jones wendy
- r.arnold rita
- rita.arnold rita
- # common misspellings can also be included
- sara sarah
- brendon brendan
- # --- end example ----
-
- Subject: M10) How are uucp and smtp handled by the mailsurr file?
-
- Delivery by uucp is driven off the /etc/uucp files. If you wish to
- do some smart routing see the later section on pathrouter..
-
- Use of smtp can we be done either using DNS lookup or not.
- Typically for internal hosts in a cluster, we set smarterhost
- (in /etc/mail/mailcnfg) to our internet gateway, and then
- that host does the DNS lookup.
-
- # UnixWare 2 example: The mail transports go here.
- # smtp delivery first followed by uucp
- # If DNS is not used, use "smtpqer -N". If DNS is used, remove the "-N".
- #
- '.+' '([^@,:]+)@(.+)' '< B=4096; /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/smtpqer -f %R -s %X' '\\1@\\2'
- '.+' '(@[^@,:]+[,:].+)' '< B=4096; /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/smtpqer -f %R -s %X' '\\1'
- '.+' '([^@,:]+)@(.+)%D' '< H=add_from_header;B=1024; uux -a %R -p -- \\2 !rmail' '(\\1)'
- '.+' '@([^@,:]+)%D[,:](.+)' '< H=add_from_header;B=1024; uux -a %R -p -- \\1 !rmail' '(\\2)'
-
- Tip: If you are using dialup uucp you may want to change the uux command
- invoked to add the "-r" flag so that mail will be queued for delivery,
- rather than attempting delivery at the time the mail is sent. The mail
- can then be sent when the uucp system polls the site which is more
- efficient. An example of a uucp delivery line with the -r flag added
- follows:
-
- # invoke uux with -r flag to queue mail for delivery
- '.+' '([^@,:]+)@(.+)%D' '< H=add_from_header;B=1024; uux -a %R -p -- \\2 !rmail' '(\\1)'
- '.+' '@([^@,:]+)%D[,:](.+)' '< H=add_from_header;B=1024; uux -r -a %R -p -- \\1 !rmail' '(\\2)'
-
- Since your mailsurr file was created by the createSurr command then remember
- to make the changes permanent by editing the file
- /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto (the template prototype file).
-
- Subject: M10.1) How do I setup uucp over TCP between two UnixWare machines?
-
- Step 1. Edit /etc/uucp/Devices and uncomment the following line
-
- CS - - - CS
-
- This then uses the connection server to make connections.
-
- Step 2. Edit /etc/uucp/Systems , add a line for each system you
- want to talk to, for example to system raven
-
- raven Any CS - -,listen:10103
-
- This entry makes "uucico" run over the TCP network.
- It causes the Connection Server to connect to the "10103" service
- through the "listen" service. The "10103" service invokes uucico.
-
- Step 3. Edit /etc/uucp/Permissions, to allow remote systems
- connecting over the connection server to send and request files (note
- that remote systems also need an entry in /etc/uucp/Systems).
-
- LOGNAME=nuucp SENDFILES=yes REQUEST=yes
-
- M11) I want to setup uucp outbound over a modem, how do I setup
- the uucp files?
-
- In UnixWare2 you can do this using the Dialup_setup GUI tool.
-
- Alternately I carry a floppy with the following files from /etc/uucp
- that I install when I want to setup my laptop to call outbound:
-
- Config Devices Devices.tcp Dialers Systems
-
- This configuration is for a Hayes compatible modem, and is known
- to work with Supra modems, Multitech ZDX modems and US Robotics.
- These files can be obtained from the freebird archive in the file
-
- hints/Mail/uucp.quick.tar.Z
-
- Subject: M12) How do i restart smtp - do I need to reboot?
-
- You can stop and restart smtp without rebooting as follows:
- $ su
- # sh /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp stop
- # sh /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp start
-
- Subject: M13) How do I setup mail logging?
-
- The following mailsurr entries log successful and failed deliveries in
- /var/mail/:log and /var/mail:errors respectively. In UnixWare 1.x these
- are files, in UnixWare 2 these are directories.
-
- # Log mail delivery
- #
- '.+' '.+' '> W=1;B=*; maillog -o /var/mail/:log' '-O %O %R %n %H %l --'
- '.+' '.+' 'Errors W=1;B=*; maillog -o /var/mail/:errors' '-O %O %R %n %H %l --'
-
- #/usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr -l on
-
- In UnixWare 2 you can also select the appropriate part of the GUI setup
- to turn logging on.
-
- In UnixWare 2 logs are now kept in directories with a different log being
- stored each day in a file denoted by the day name, ie. Monday,....Sunday
- for the 7 days. If you prefer the old style format of logging to
- just a single file , its very simple just to replace the logging tool
- with either your own or the one from UnixWare 1.x. (from the Freebird
- archive ...freebird/hints/Mail/maillog.alt).
-
- To determine problems with outgoing mail, check the /var/spool/smtpq/LOG file.
- Each time a mail message is sent, a log of the delivery command is appended
- to this log file. A cron entry located in /var/spool/cron/crontabs/smtp
- recycles daily backup copies of the mail message deliveries on a 7 day
- cycle. This is useful for debugging mail problems.
-
- In UnixWare 2 daily logs for smtp delivery are now kept in the directory
- /var/spool/mailq/Logs.
-
- Subject: M14) How do I setup Smart Routing - using pathrouter ?
-
- Sometimes you may wish to override routing via MX records,
- for example if you want to route mail privately over a modem
- link rather than the internet.
-
- The utility suitable for use with UnixWare is pathrouter.
-
- Pathrouter can be used to lookup route information for uucp and
- domain addresses.
-
- The /etc/uucp/paths file is the routing database for the pathrouter command
- (see paths(4), and pathrouter(1M)) . Each line of the file provides
- routing information to either a host or to a domain (designated by a
- leading "."). Each line should have either two or three tab characters
- (ascii 0x9) as separated fields. The format of each line in the
- paths file is:
-
- key route [cost]
-
- Note that the cost field is a delivery weighting field
- which is not used by the mail subsystem (smail would use it).
-
- An example paths (/etc/uucp/paths) file for a gateway machine.
-
- The following paths file is an example of setup for a gateway machine.
- This example prefixes the destination routes with an exclamation
- mark (!) to reduce the number of translations done by the rmail(1).
-
- This example is used to rewrite the domain addresses france.fr;
- and any uk domain address (matched by the .uk rule) to be routed
- via the uel machine.
-
- The usg.com domain address is converted to !usg!%s in order to utilise
- the uucp transport rather than smtp.
-
- france.fr !uel!france.fr!%s 0
- uel !uel!%s 0
- usg !usg!%s 0
- windsor !uel!windsor!%s 0
- .uk !uel!%s 0
- .usg.com !usg!%s 0
-
- Prefixing a name by a dot as in ".usg.com" can be used to match
- domains, and so this rule would match site1.usg.com to be routed
- thru usg!.
-
- Note that this example does not have "smart-host" defined, and so
- any addresses that are not matched by pathrouter are left unchanged. In this
- example it is assumed that the DNS lookup will resolve the
- address and perform delivery over smtp.
-
- If you don't have DNS lookup, or you decide to route unknown
- addresses to the nearest backbone then add an entry
-
- smart-host !backbone!%s 0
-
- An example we use here to send mail to a particular route follows; this
- for various internal routing to an internal gateway within the company,
- and allows mail to be addressed as user@fpk, user@fpk.mycomp.com or
- user@mycomp.com with all mail going to the one gateway.
-
- fpk !nj-ums.fpk.mycomp.com!%s 0
- fpk.mycomp.com !nj-ums.fpk.mycomp.com!%s 0
- mycomp.com !nj-ums.fpk.mycomp.com!%s 0
-
- This is then combined with a delivery line within mailsurr.proto
- to send this over smtp:
-
- '.+' '!(nj-ums.fpk.mycomp.com)!(.+)' '< B=4096; /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/smtpqer -f %R -s \\1' '\\2'
-
- Subject: M15) What do I need to do to Set Up an Internet/Uucp Mail Gateway
- on UnixWare 2?
-
- The following section details the steps taken to setup up an email
- gateway on UnixWare 2 - the email gateway is connected to the internet
- and also has direct uucp connections over tcp and serial lines.
-
- Subject: M15.1) Setup mail alias lookups via DNS, NIS or MHS
- (/etc/mail/lookupLibs)
-
- Do you want mailalias to use DNS, NIS or MHS to lookup for aliases?
- If you don't then by disabling the feature (by commenting out
- lines in usr/lib/mail/lookupLibs.proto) you can speed mailalias
- lookup - this is also useful if you are a dialup user who
- wants to only send mail periodically when connected.
-
- In /usr/lib/mail is the file lookupLibs.proto; by default this contains:
-
- /usr/lib/mail/libalias/file.so
- /usr/lib/mail/libalias/passwd.so
- <DNS> /usr/lib/mail/libalias/dns.so
- <NIS> /usr/lib/mail/libalias/nis.so
- <MHS> /usr/lib/mail/libalias/extract.so
-
- When createSurr is run to auto-discover the machine configuration
- and create a suitable mailsurr file, it will auto include the
- lines for the features it discovers, for example DNS being
- configured auto includes the line beginning <DNS>
-
- You can insert a comment into this file to disable the line, or
- you can delete the line; for example to disable DNS, NIS and MHS
- mailalias lookup on this machine;
-
- /usr/lib/mail/libalias/file.so
- /usr/lib/mail/libalias/passwd.so
- <DNS> #/usr/lib/mail/libalias/dns.so
- <NIS> #/usr/lib/mail/libalias/nis.so
- <MHS> #/usr/lib/mail/libalias/extract.so
-
- Alternately you can replace mailalias with the UW1.x version of mailalias
- which then only uses the aliases as defined in /etc/mail/namefiles.
- Since I'm not using any aliases in the DNS/NIS presently I install
- the UW1.x version as /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/mailalias.alt and edit the line in
- mailsurr.proto accordingly.
-
- The changes are as follows:
-
- # Run all (apparently) local names through the mail alias processor.
- # This version uses mailalias.alt which is the 1.x version
- #
- '.+' '.+' 'Translate T=1;B=*; R=|/usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/mailalias.alt -P%L! -P%U! -P%L\%D! -P%U\%D! -S@%U\%D -S@%L\%D -S@%L -S@%U -r -p' '%n'
-
- A copy of the UW1.x version of mailalias is available on the Freebird
- archive.
-
- Subject: M15.2) Set the mail domain information in /etc/mail/mailcnfg
-
- You can establish many of the mail configuration parameters by using
- the Admin_Tools/Mail_Setup GUI Tool. One of the things this does is
- to enter parameters into the file /etc/mail/mailcnfg - a file that does
- not exist by default.
-
- A typical file is as follows:
-
- ADD_DATE=1
- ADD_FROM=1
- ADD_RECEIVED=1
- DOMAIN=novell.co.uk
- SMARTERHOST=usl.com
- ADD_MESSAGE_ID=1
- FORCE_7BIT_HEADERS=1
- FORCE_7BIT_MIME=1
- ADD_TO=1
- FORCE_MIME=1
-
- Important parameters here are:
-
- SMARTERHOST - where to send mail in the event that you are
- unable to resolve or have no uucp route to a host. Typically this
- is your IP provider or another friendly site.
-
- DOMAIN - is the mail domain for the From: line in mail. Typically
- mail will have the form From: user@nodename.domain. The next section
- in this document shows a mail rewrite rule which rewrites
- the From: lines so as to make all mail seem to have come from
- just the domain name.
-
- Subject: M15.3) Setup any header rewrite rules (/etc/mail/rewrite)
-
- Using the default setup with DOMAIN=novell.co.uk, mail will appear
- as if it comes from the machinename.novell.co.uk. Many installations
- prefer to make it appear as if they have just one email address, their
- domain name.
-
- The /etc/mail/rewrite file contains functions to rewrite mail headers for
- local and remote delivery. The following is a rewrite function
- to search for occurrences of node.novell.co.uk and replace them with
- just novell.co.uk.
-
- function check_headers()
- {
- var hdr;
- # loop through ALL headers
- for (hdr from headers_pattern("From:"))
- # if we match a header that has something like foo.xyz.com in it
- if (hdr ~ "[a-zA-Z]\\.novell\\.co\\.uk")
- # then substitute the shorter version in its place
- hdr=gsubstitute(hdr, "[a-zA-Z0-9.]+\\.novell\\.co\\.\\uk", "novell.co.uk");
- }
-
- So this function should be added to the file /etc/mail/rewrite.
- There are two pre-defined special functions within this file - main()
- and local().
-
- You need to add this to the function main() which is executed before
- any rules in the /etc/mail/mailsurr file are executed.
-
- Other functions may be executed from mailsurr via Rewrite rules or
- H= invocations on delivery lines.
-
- The function local() is executed for local delivery.
-
- An example function to be executed by a H= invocationm is add_from_header.
- This is a modified version we use for uucp connections
- (this works for us below)
-
- # function add_from_header
- #
- # Add a >From line.
-
- function add_from_header()
- {
- # Create the From header.
- var retpath, elementArray, newHeader;
- retpath = returnpath();
- if(strstr(retpath, "!") != 0)
- {
- # uucp incoming case
- #retpath = substitute(retpath, "^(.+)!([^!]+)$", "\\1:\\2");
- elementArray = split(retpath, ":");
- elementArray[0] = substitute(elementArray[0], "^@", "");
- newHeader = elementArray[1] @ " " @ fromdate(time()) @ " remote from " @ elementArray[0];
- }
- else if(strstr(retpath, "@") == 0)
- {
- # local delivery so add this machine's domain
- newHeader = retpath @ " " @ fromdate(time()) @ " remote from " @ usefuldomain();
- }
- else
- {
- # over smtp?
- retpath = gsubstitute(retpath, ":@", "!");
- retpath = substitute(retpath, "^@", "");
- if(strstr(retpath, ":") == 0)
- {
- retpath = substitute(retpath, "([^!@]+)@([^@]+)$", "\\2:\\1");
- }
- else
- {
- retpath = substitute(retpath, "([^:]*)[:]([^!@]+)@([^@]+)$", "\\1!\\3:\\2");
- }
-
- elementArray = split(retpath, ":");
- elementArray[0] = substitute(elementArray[0], "^@", "");
- newHeader = elementArray[1] @ " " @ fromdate(time()) @ " remote from " @ elementArray[0];
- }
-
- prepend_header(">From", ">From", newHeader);
-
- }
-
- function usefuldomain() {
- var dom = domain();
- dom = substitute(dom, "^\.", "");
- return dom;
- }
-
- Also see section M21 for a rewrite function for changing the
- Return-Path: mail header.
-
- Subject: M15.4) Customizing /etc/mail/mailsurr (/usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto)
-
- To customize the /etc/mail/mailsurr file and make the changes
- permanent you need to make the changes to the file
- /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto.
-
- Some example changes are below:
-
- To see mail to the address "novell.co.uk" as local when the nodename is
- mailgate.novell.co.uk add the following entry to /etc/mail/mailcnfg
-
- %d=novell.co.uk
-
- Add the following line to /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/ (just after the ACCDOM
- line in Part 2 and before the mailalias line)
-
- '.+' '([^@]+)@%d' 'Translate R=\\1'
-
- To do this change in a more generic manner add a capital D to the NODOT entry
- in mailsurr.proto. (The NODOT was a typo)
-
- An alternate to adding %d into the mailcnfg is to put the explicit
- line in the mailsurr.proto file; for example:
-
- '.+' '([^@]+)@(uel.co.uk)' 'Translate R=\\1' # our old domain
-
- Subject: M15.5) Setting up delivery lines to mail-servers, list-processors
- etc (mailsurr.proto)
-
- Entries can also be added to setup special delivery lines into
- programmes such as the mail-server.
-
- Add the entry in part 3 after the ckbinarsys line:
-
- '.+' 'mail-server' '< /opt/lib/mserv/listener'
-
- Subject: M15.6) Activating mail logging
-
- You won't get too far without being able to determine whats
- going on. The command to switch mail logging on follows:
-
- /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr -l on
-
- Subject: M15.7) Setting up suitable defaults for mailx users
-
- Edit the file /etc/mail/mailx.rc and add some suitable site
- defaults:
-
- set autoprint askcc bang crt=20 dot showto
- set metoo cmd=/opt/bin/mailPR page hold
- set sendmail=/bin/rmail
- set from
-
- ignore Message-Id Received Status Content-Type Content-Length Default-Options Auto-Forwarded-From Auto-Forward-Count
-
- Subject: M15.8) If you have local users, then add other mail-user agents :
- for example, mush, elm, pine etc
-
- If you are using the version of Elm from the mail-server, system
- wide defaults are contained in /opt/lib/elm/elm.rc, a sample is below
- for our site.
-
- ## /opt/lib/elm/elm.rc -- system wide defaults for elm
-
- ## default hostname to override uname in From: line
- ## for example.
- ## hostname = uel.co.uk
- ## If not set, the From: line defaults to the uname
- ## hostname = uel.co.uk
- hostname = novell.co.uk
- hostdomain = novell.co.uk
- hostfullname = novell.co.uk
-
- ## weedout unwanted mail headers
- weedout via Default-Options Auto-Forwarded-From Auto-Forward-Count X-Nvlenv-01DL-Expanded Original-Content-Type Content-Type Content-Length X-Nvlenv-01Date-Transferred X-Nvlenv-01Date-Posted References
-
- Subject: M15.9) Update /etc/profile
-
- EDITOR=vi
- postmark="`grep '^'$LOGNAME':' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f5`"
- ORGANIZATION="Novell Europe."
- export EDITOR postmask ORGANIZATION
-
- Subject: M15.10) Setting up smart routing between uucp and internet zones
-
- As a mail gateway that has both uucp connections and an internet
- connection we need to be able to smart route between the zones.
- A utility called pathrouter is provided with UnixWare 2 to enable
- this.
-
- To enable the pathrouter utility, find the lines beginning
- <PATHS> in mailsurr.proto :
-
- <PATHS> # Reroute using pathrouter.
- <PATHS> #
- <PATHS> '.+' '[^@]+' 'Translate R=|/usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/pathrouter %n'
- <PATHS>
-
- And change these to:
-
- # Reroute using pathrouter.
- #
- #'.+' '[^@]+' 'Translate R=|/usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/pathrouter %n'
- '.+' '.*[!@].*' 'Translate T=1;B=*; R=|pathrouter -p' '%n'
-
- Also add a uucp delivery line (before or after the smtp delivery
- lines depending on your preference)
-
- #Added for pathrouter
- '.+' '!([^!]+)!(.+)' '< B=1024; uux -r -a %R -p -- \\1!rmail' '(\\2)'
-
- #before <UUCP>
-
- One thing I also found was to comment out calls to localmail in mailsurr.proto.
-
- Install paths routing database in /etc/uucp/paths
-
- Subject: M15.11) Add a rule to mailsurr.proto to catch mail to unknown local users.
-
- # mailgate setup:
- # This rule included for catching email sent to an unknown local user.
- # This combined with the use of pathrouter allows unknown local mail
- # to be sent to user@uknown which pathrouter expands to postmaster and the
- # unknown address so an error mesg still gets sent to the originator.
- '.+' '[^!@]+' 'Translate T=1;B=*; R=|localmail -p -S @unknown' '%n'
-
- In /etc/uucp/paths add:
-
- unknown !windsor!postmaster %s 0
-
- (Note windsor is where the postmast mailbox lives)
-
- For localdelivery to postmaster this would simply be:
-
- unknown postmaster %s 0
-
- Subject: M15.12) Setup uucp over the connection server for uucp over
- the network (rather than dialup uucp)
-
- Edit /etc/uucp/Systems.tcp, add entries:
-
- usl Any CS - -,listen:10103
- usle Any CS - -,listen:10103
- waterloo Any CS - -,listen:10103
- carrera Any CS - -,listen:10103
- marlow Any CS - -,listen:10103
-
- Edit /etc/uucp/Devices; enable CS - - - CS entry
-
- Edit /etc/uucp/Permissions
-
- Subject: M15.13) Setup mail alias files
-
- Typically, you will want to edit /etc/mail/namefiles and add any filenames
- that you wish to contain your mailing lists. See section M9 for
- examples.
-
- Subject: M15.14) Install an alternate incoming smtpd so that incoming
- mail connections can be controlled using the TCP/SPX wrappers.
-
- (see M17 for further details)
-
- Subject: M15.15) Install the TCP/SPX wrappers so as to monitor who is
- connecting.
-
- If you're paranoid (or security conscious) and want to keep logs of who is
- connecting to your machine, install the TCP/SPX wrappers. If you're
- on the internet you should consider installing this package or the
- netacl's from the TIS Firewall Toolkit in order to control access
- to all TCP services.
-
- Subject: M16) I have UW2 and my inbound smtpd keeps dying. Is there a fix?
-
- If you are running 2.0x apply tf2100.tar - although the release
- notes say tf2100 is included in 2.03 you still need to apply it.
-
- If you are running 2.1.x update to 2.1.1 or later.
-
- If these don't work reliably, then an alternative is to use smap/smapd
- from the TIS Firewall toolkit (see the next question on running
- smtpd from inetd on UW2). Another alternative is to
- install sendmail , see elsewhere in this FAQ.
-
- Subject: M17) I have UW2 - smtpd now runs as a daemon - is there a way to run
- it from inetd? Running from inetd makes it more reliable and also
- can be wrapped.
-
- You can run the smap/smapd programmes from the TIS Firewall Toolkit V1.3
- as replacements for the inbound smtpd. These have been ported
- to UnixWare2 /rmail subsystem - binaries can be found in the
- internet/server/fwtk/smap directory on the Freebird archive.
-
- smap is a simple incoming smtp daemon invoked from inetd.
- Its job in life is to store incoming mail for processing by
- smapd. It runs chroot'd in the incoming mail spool area.
-
- smapd reads mail from the incoming spool area, and hands it
- off to the real mail subsystem
-
- The idea behind this mailer is that smap is simple and understandable
- and robust, and can be run on a firewall - you can also run
- it as a replacement to the stock smtpd daemon if you prefer -
- and this allows you to use tcp wrappers if you wish.
-
- The files provided on the server with smap contain a new /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp
- script that auto detects if smapd is in place and runs smapd
- on system startup - this assumes you'll reconfigure
- your inetd to include the smap and restart it.
-
- Subject: M18) I have UW2 and my outbound smtp does incorrect routing to MX
- record sites and also continually bounces mail when sending
- to an unknown user when it should only bounce once - is there a fix?
-
- If you are running UW2.0x apply tf2100 - or update to 2.1.1 or later.
- Alternately consider installing the sendmail package from the
- freebird archive.
-
- Subject: M19) I'm having trouble routing email from my local machine to the net.
- I'm connected to a local internet provider and can run Mosaic etc
- but can't send email. What do i need to do to make this work?
-
- Either (1) use them as a SMARTERHOST (for mail forwarding if
- they are agreeable), by setting
- SMARTERHOST=ipprovider.domain
- in /etc/mail/mailcnfg
-
- and updating the /etc/mail/mailsurr mail configuration file (best to
- back it up first) by the following:
-
- su
- /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr
-
- CreateSurr looks at the system configuration
- and using the /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto file creates a new
- /etc/mail/mailsurr file , in this case it enables a section of the
- mailsurr file to forward all mail to unknown sites to the site
- specified by SMARTERHOST. You may want to make sure that the IP
- address of the site specified by SMARTERHOST is in your /etc/hosts
- files.
-
- Alternately (2) if you have DNS working backup /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto
- and then edit it changing the smtpqer lines to remove the -N flag,
- which tells smptqer to do a DNS lookup.
-
- And then create a new /etc/mail/mailsurr file:
-
- su
- /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr
-
- If you create the /etc/mail/mailcnfg file (btw check the manual page for details
- on mailcnfg) the permissions should be 444 bin mail.
- On my UnixWare 1.x machines we have the following.
-
- SMARTERHOST=usg
- ADD_DATE=true
- ADD_FROM=true
- REMOTEFROM=novell.co.uk
-
- You should change SMARTERHOST and REMOTEFROM accordingly.
-
- If you choose to have SMARTERHOST set to a fully qualified domain name
- i.e. usg.novell.com
-
- Then toggle two lines in part 3 of the /etc/mail/mailsurr to use
- smtp delivery first...
-
- You'll have something like this in part 3 (for UnixWare 1.x),
-
- '.+' '!([^!]+)!(.+)' '< B=512; uux -a %R -p -- \\1!rmail' '(\\2)'
- '.+' '!([^!]+)!(.+)' '< B=4096; smtpqer -N %R \\1' '\\2'
-
- Swap the two lines around.
-
-
- Subject: M20)Mail sent to my domain mydom.com does not arrive locally on the
- machine. It gets here but the local mailsystem does not recognise it
- as local.
-
- The Mail Setup GUI has a button to select to catch mail to the domain
- for local delivery. This activates the NODOT entry in the mailsurr file.
- This in fact should be DNODOT (edit /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto and
- change the occurrence of NODOT to DNODOT, re-run createSurr and this
- should work correctly).
-
- (Note that this is fixed in update2.03 and tf2100.tar)
-
- Subject: M20.1) How can I set other mail domains besides my real domain
- to be treated as local?
-
- If you have multiple domain names that you want to
- receive mail, you can add an entry to /etc/mail/mailcnfg
-
- %d=myotherdom.com
-
- Edit /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto
- to create a translation entry in that file. The user@domain
- entry is shown below from the mailsurr.proto file:
-
- # Map all names of the form user@local-machine -> user
- # Map all names of the form user@uname -> user
- # Map all names of the form user@domain
- # Then loop back through from the top.
- #
- '.+' '(.+)@%L' 'Translate R=\\1'
- '.+' '(.+)@%U' 'Translate R=\\1'
- '.+' '(.+)@%d' 'Translate R=\\1' #This is the added entry for user@domain
-
- Then run the script /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr.
-
- If mail is coming in via the internet you'll also need to
- setup an MX record for the other domain to tell it to send mail
- to this host.
-
- Subject: M21) I'm using UnixWare2 and when mail arrives locally the Return-Path:
- header has the format @myprovider:remotedomain!user or @domain:user or
- @domain:user@domain. Is there someway to put this into normal
- domain address format?
-
- The following rewrite function edits the Return-path: header
- for locally delivered email into normal domain address format.
- Add the following functions to the file /etc/mail/rewrite.
-
- function local()
- {
- fix_return_path();
- }
-
- function fix_return_path()
- {
- var hdr;
- # loop through the headers of this name
- for (hdr from headers("Return-path"))
- {
- if (hdr ~ "@([a-zA-Z0-9.]+):([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)!([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)" )
- {
- hdr = gsubstitute(hdr, "@([a-zA-Z0-9.]+):([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)!([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)", "\\3@\\2");
- }
- if (hdr ~ "@([a-zA-Z0-9.]+):([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)" )
- {
- hdr = gsubstitute(hdr, "@([a-zA-Z0-9.]+):([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)", "\\2@\\3");
- }
- if (hdr ~ "@([a-zA-Z0-9.]+):([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)" )
- {
- hdr = gsubstitute(hdr, "@([a-zA-Z0-9.]+):([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)", "\\2@\\1");
- }
- }
- }
-
- Subject: M22) Large mail alias lists don't seem to work on UnixWare 2. Is this
- a known problem?
-
- This is a bug. To fix this you need to apply one of the mail updates in
- section M2.
-
- An alternative workaround is to use the UnixWare 1.x version of mailalias.
- This loses some functionality , i.e. is not driven off the
- /etc/mail/lookupLibs file and only looks up aliases based
- off the files referenced in /etc/mail/namefiles; but then is
- thus faster.
-
- I have installed this on my UW2 mail gateway as
- /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/mailalias.alt
-
- and adjusted the /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto file as:
-
- '.+' '.+' 'Translate T=1;B=*; R=|/usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/mailalias.alt -P%L! -P%U! -P%L\%D! -P%U\%D! -S@%U\%D -S@%L\%D -S@%L -S@%U -r -p' '%n'
-
- And then recreated the /etc/mail/mailsurr file with
-
- /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr -l on
-
- A copy of the UW1.x version of mailalias is on the Freebird archive
- as mailalias.bin.UW1.Z.
-
- Subject: M23) smtp mail to hosts which only have MX records and no valid A
- records never gets there? This is with the 2.0 developer release.
-
- This is a bug fixed in the 2.01 version of smtpd. Update to 2.01,2.02 or 2.03
- or apply tf2100.tar.
-
- Subject: M24) How do I make the mailsystem send mail for local addresses off
- to another host if they are not found locally without setting up
- aliases?
-
- Enable the following line in the mailsurr file, replacing the HOST.DOMAIN
- field by the appropriate values.
-
- # If you have a flat name space across multiple machines, but user-names only
- # exist on disjoint machines, this entry will forward any name not known
- # locally off to the given host.
- #
- #'.+' '[^!@]+' 'Translate T=1;B=*; R=|localmail -p -S @HOST.DOMAIN' '%n'
-
- Subject: M25) How can I get mailx/dtmail to add fullname information to
- the From: line?
-
- UnixWare rmail/mail adds additional information to the From: line based
- on the postmark environment variable. On our systems we typically
- add the following to /etc/profile:
-
- postmark="`grep '^'$LOGNAME':' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f5`"
- export postmark
-
- Subject: M26) How can I set all the From: line (hiding the internal hosts to a
- mail domain)?
-
- This can be done either in the mail user agent , that is mailx, dtmail ,
- elm or mush , which are described here , or alternately using the
- rewrite rules in /etc/mail/rewrite (only in UnixWare 2 - see question
- M15 section 3 for details on this feature).
-
- ==>mailx/dtmail:
-
- In your .mailrc for mailx,dtmail
-
- set postmark="myname@my.domian (My Fullname)"
-
- From the mailx man page:
-
- postmark=string
- The specified string is included in the comment field of
- the From: header of messages that you send. The string
- is usually set to your name. See from and translate.
- If the string includes an @, it will be used for the
- entire From: header.
-
- ==>For elm, edit /opt/lib/elm/elm.rc
-
- ## /opt/lib/elm/elm.rc -- system wide defaults for elm
-
- ## default hostname to override uname in From: line
- ## for example.
- ## hostname = uel.co.uk
- ## If not set, the From: line defaults to the uname
- ## hostname = uel.co.uk
- hostname = my.domain
- hostdomain = my.domain
- hostfullname = my.domain
-
- ==>For mush
-
- in your system mushrc file
-
- set hostname=my.domain
-
- Subject: M27) I want to setup a cluster of machines, with a single mail
- gateway machine.
-
- (for UW1) Use the sample files client.mailcnfg and client.mailsurr to
- make the internal hosts forward all mail to the gateway. And then
- just configure the mail gateway to be a smarthost for mail.
-
- On UnixWare 2 setup a client machine with the GUI so that all
- mail is forwarded to a smarter host - which can be your local
- email gateway. Copy the resulting /etc/mail/mailsurr and /etc/mail/mailcnfg
- files - install on each machine in the cluster - and edit S81smtp so
- as not to call createSurr and rewrite the /etc/mail/mailsurr file on
- each reboot.
-
- Subject: M28) How can i make bounced email go to the postmaster if the user
- address is invalid?
-
- A simple way just to send the message to the postmaster follows:
- '.+' '[^!@]+' 'Translate T=1;B=*; R=postmaster'
-
- You should add these lines to the /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto file
- before part 4 (postprocessing commands),
- and use the command /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr to create a new
- mailsurr file (best to backup your existing mailsurr file first).
- CreateSurr looks at the system configuration
- and using the /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto file creates a new
- /etc/mail/mailsurr file .
-
- Subject: M29) How can i debug mail delivery?
-
- There are two commands you can execute to see whats happening:
-
- /bin/mail -d address
- message
- <ctrl-d>
-
- Will show you a short list of translations and delivery commands
- (and will deliver the message).
-
- /bin/mail -T "" address
-
- will show you in gorey detail the translations taken from the
- default mailsurr file. This can be used to determine whether a problem
- can be isolated to the address translation.
-
- Subject: M30) How can i debug the /etc/mail/rewrite rules?
-
- Set the following environment variable:
-
- MAILR_DEBUG=10
- export MAILR_DEBUG
-
- /bin/mail -d email-address
- msg
- <ctrl-d>
-
- This lets you see what the rewrite rules are doing.
-
- Subject: M31)How can I use the rewrite rules to rewrite a To: header
- of the format uunet!domain!user to user@domain?
-
- Add a call to the function fix_to_line() in the main() function of
- /etc/mail/rewrite so this is called for remote mail delivery.
-
- function main()
- {
- ...
- fix_to_line("To");
- }
-
- function fix_to_line(var hdrname)
- {
- var hdr;
- # loop through the headers of this name
- for (hdr from headers(hdrname))
- {
- # if the header has uunet!domain!user in it
- if (hdr ~ "uunet!([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)!([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)" )
- {
- # then convert !uunet!domainr!user to user@domain
- hdr = gsubstitute(hdr, "uunet!([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)!([a-zA-Z0-9.]+)", "\\2@\\1");
- }
- }
- }
-
- Subject: M32) I have tcp installed yet i only want to do transfers over
- uucp. How do i make the mailsurr file exclude the smtpqer delivery lines?
-
- Comment out the smtpqer entries in the /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto and
- execute /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr to eliminate the smtp delivery command.
-
- Subject: M33) I'm sending to a SCO system over uucp which only understands
- RFC822. The UnixWare mailsystem inserts an extra From line which upsets the SCO
- mailer.
-
- (for UW1)
-
- To have the From line stripped when sending mail via UUCP
- an I=1; would need to be prepended to the uux delivery command lines in the
- mailsurr.proto file, otherwise the mail will bounce because of this
- postmark line. Then execute /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr to update the
- /etc/mail/mailsurr file.
-
- Subject: M34) Where are outgoing messages stored for smtp?
-
- (for UW1)All outgoing mail messages for SMTP are located in /var/spool/smtpq
- under the domain/host directories.
-
- (for UW2) Mail msgs are now stored in /var/spool/mailq .
-
- Subject: M35) Mail is bouncing back with problems about an invalid
- From header line, what should I do?
-
- (for UnixWare 2.0x)
- Please apply patch tf2100.tar. This symptom is often seen
- when communicating with Microsoft Mail or cc:Mail.
-
- Subject: M36) After changing the system owner to another user and
- deleting the original user, mail is still being sent to the original
- system owner for example when a new package is installed,
- and errors stating "unable to send to " appear after adding a package.
-
-
- This is caused since the files
-
- /var/sadm/install/admin/check and
- /var/sadm/install/admin/default contain a line
- "mail=username username2 etc.
-
- These files do not get updated when some users are deleted from the system.
- The fix is to manually take out the names of the non existing user
- from the mail= line in /var/sadm/install/admin/check and
- default.
-
- Subject: M37) Why when I send local mail does my PPP link get established, for
- example when I pkgadd or pkgrm a package?
-
- On UnixWare 2 this is triggered by the mailalias program.
- There is a file in /etc/mail called lookupLibs (built from
- /usr/lib/mail/lookupLibs.proto) that contains references to shared
- libraries used to lookup aliases. By default if you have DNS defined
- in your mailflgs file, mailalias will connect to your name server to
- ask it about aliases. To work around this just comment out the <DNS> line
- /usr/lib/mail/lookupLibs.proto and /etc/mail/lookupLibs.
-
- Subject: M38) Is it possible to change the sender address with
- mailsurr's translation facilities? The man page indicates
- that only the recipient address can be changed.
- Am I going to have to move to sendmail?
-
- For UnixWare 2.x we add functions to the file /etc/mail/rewrite
- to rewrite mail headers.
-
- Subject: M39) How do I setup a POP3 server on UnixWare ?
-
- The POP server is included in UW2 in /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/popper,
- however there's a problem with truncation of the last mail
- message with that version.
-
- Either pick up tf2100 from ftp.sco.com:/UW20
-
- or get one of the freeware versions from ftp.abs.net|ftp.novell.co.uk
- in /pub/unixware/freebird/mailtools/popper (source and binaries
- available).
-
- To make operational, you need to do the following:
-
- (i) edit /etc/services, ensure there is an entry
-
- pop3 110/tcp # Post Office
-
- (ii) edit /etc/inetd.conf, add an entry
-
- pop3 stream tcp nowait root /replace_with_Path_to_popper/popper popper
-
- (iii) Restart inetd, by sending a kill -HUP to the inetd PID.
-
- Subject: M40) I'm using UnixWare 1.x and I can't find the createSurr command,
- what should i do?
-
- This occurs because you did not install the nuc package.
-
- Subject: M41) How do I setup my mail to be autoanswered?
-
- This is done by using the vacation command.
- To setup the default autoanswering message just type
-
- vacation
-
- For example:
-
- $ vacation
- UX:vacation: INFO: Vacation notification installed
- UX:vacation: INFO: Logging will go to '/opt/lib/mserv/.maillog'
- UX:vacation: INFO: '/usr/share/lib/mail/std_vac_msg' will be used for the canned message
-
- This will cause the system to send the following standard reply:
-
- Subject: AUTOANSWERED!!!
-
- I am on vacation. I will read (and answer if necessary)
- your e-mail message when I return.
-
- This message was generated automatically and you will
- receive it only once, although all messages you send
- me while I am away WILL be saved.
-
- A list of senders is kept in the file $HOME/.maillog, and
- incoming mail is kept in your normal mailbox by default,
- since the UnixWare mailer keeps the forwarding information in
- /var/mail/:forward and not in the mailbox file as in earlier SVR4.0 releases.
-
- If you would prefer to customise the reply, prepare a message in a
- file and then give the filename as an option to the vacation utility,
- for example:
-
- vacation -M message
-
- For example:
- $ vacation -M Msg
- Forwarding to |/usr/lib/mail/vacation2 -o %R -M Msg
- $
-
- For example the message might contain (Note: the ``From:'' line is the address
- for folks to reply to -- this should be of the form username@domain_addr, this
- may not be needed if your mail subsystem puts a From: line for you, there
- should be an entry ADD_FROM=true in /etc/mail/mailcnfg if using the default
- mailer [/bin/mail])
-
- Subject: AUTOANSWERED!!!
- From: postmast@novell.co.uk (Postmaster)
-
- I am permanently on vacation. I will read (and answer if necessary)
- your e-mail message when and if I return, and if I can be bothered.
-
- This message was generated automatically and you will
- receive it only once, although all the messages you send
- me while I am away WILL be saved.
-
- If your mail is really for the attention of somebody else, then why
- did n't you send it to them in the firstplace :-) Alternately try
- sysadmin@novell.co.uk :-)
-
- -- The Postmaster
-
- To read your mail while vacation is in effect:
-
- You can use your normal mail user agent (elm, mush, mailx or whatever),
- since the UnixWare mailer keeps the forwarding information in
- /var/mail/:forward and not in the mailbox file as in earlier SVR4.0 releases.
-
-
- To remove the vacation facility:
-
- /bin/mail -F ""
-
- or
- vacation -n
-
- For example:
- $ /bin/mail -F ""
- UX:mail: INFO: Forwarding removed
- $
-
- Subject: M42) How do I setup my mail to be forwarded?
-
- To forward all your mail to another person or another mailbox use
- the following command :
-
- To forward to a single person, e.g.
-
- /bin/mail -F andrew
-
- To forward to more than one person use a quoted string:
-
- /bin/mail -F "andrew plord"
-
- for example:
-
- $ /bin/mail -F "andrew plord"
- UX:mail: INFO: Installing forwarding to local address: andrew
- UX:mail: INFO: Installing forwarding to local address: plord
- UX:mail: INFO: Forwarding to andrew plord
-
- It is also possible to combine a forward with the vacation programme:
-
- for example
-
-
- $ vacation -M $HOME/.MSG -f andrew
- UX:vacation: INFO: Vacation notification installed
- UX:vacation: INFO: Logging will go to '/opt/lib/mserv/.maillog'
- UX:vacation: INFO: '/opt/lib/mserv/.MSG' will be used for the canned message
-
- To confirm the forward is in effect, cat the :forward/user-id file:
-
- $ cat /var/mail/:forward/mserv
- Forward to andrew | C=0;S=2;F=*; /usr/lib/mail/vacation2 -o %R -M /opt/lib/mserv/.MSG
-
- Note that you should not edit the /var/mail/:forward files directly
- else they will loose the correct permissions and email delivery will
- fail.
-
- Subject: M43) How do I setup a mail-server?
-
- The mail-server we use at novell.co.uk is the Squirrel mail-server
- version 3.01 . This is written by Johan Vromans and is mainly
- written in perl.
-
- A binary version ready for use with UW1.x or UW2 is on the
- Freebird archive
- ftp.abs.net:/unixware/freebird/mailtools/mail-server.bin.tar.Z.
-
- The steps to install this are as follows:
-
- Create an account mserv, with the home directory rooted in
- /opt/lib/mserv. We assume the mail-server archive tree is in
- /home/mserv-archive, if its elsewhere make a symlink.
-
- useradd -s /usr/bin/ksh -d /opt/lib/mserv mserv
- (mkdir /opt/lib if it does not exist)
- cd /opt/lib
- zcat mserv.tar.Z|tar xvf -
- chown -R mserv mserv
- chown root mserv/listener
-
- To run the mail-server, you need to install ALL the following packages:
- utils/perl-4.0pl36.pkg.tar, archivers/gzip-1.2.4.pkg.tar,
- utils/gnufind-3.7.pkg.tar. All these packages are on the
- novell.co.uk mail-server archive.
-
- You also need to allow the mserv account to use cron,
- edit /usr/lib/cron/cron.allow and add the mserv user.
-
- To test prior to running out of cron, login as user mserv
-
- ./listener -noqueue
-
- You can then type interactive requests
-
- Once you are happy, edit the file
-
- mserv.hints
-
- Place the files you want to serve in /home/mserv-archive,
- run some of the indexing commands by hand
-
- ./makeindex
- ./makels
- ./changes
-
- Then enable the crons
-
- crontab ctab
-
- Next stage, enable in the mailsubsystem. This can be done
- by editing /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto and editing the following in
- section 3 of the file after the ckbinarsys entry.
-
- # mail-server, mailing lists and information distribution handling section
- '.+' 'mail-server' '< /opt/lib/mserv/listener'
-
- Then run /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr -l on.
-
- # /etc/mail/extaliases
-
- Then run /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr -l on.
-
- On the system that the mail-server runs I have a mailbox called
- bit-bucket, which as long as it exists in /var/mail/bit-bucket
- and is mode 660 owner mserv, group mail is used to catch
- all admin mail.
-
- System aliases are added a file in /etc/mail, /etc/mail/names
-
- ### Mailserver ###
- # if you want mail to go to real people
- #mserv plord andrew
- # else put it in a mailbox
- mserv bit-bucket
-
- # various typos on mail-server
- mailserv mail-server
- mailserver mail-server
- mail_server mail-server
- mail-serverl mail-server
- mail-serv mail-server
- mail-serve mail-server
- mail-sarver mail-server
- mailx-server mail-server
- mailer-server mail-server
- ftpmail mail-server
-
- # various strange things that requestors send, best to dump them in the
- # bit-bucket mailbox
-
- reply-address bit-bucket
- your-address-here bit-bucket
- your-mail-address-goes-here bit-bucket
- address-to-reply-to bit-bucket
- your-email-address bit-bucket
-
- File Permissions:
-
- All files except listener can be owned by user mserv.
- listener has to be owned by root and setuid.
-
- Subject: M44) How do I setup a mailing list - such as Listproc ?
-
- A port of ListProcessor Version 6.0, Binary distribution for UnixWare
- is available on ftp.novell.de:/pub/unixware/usle/mailtools/listproc.bin.tar.Z.
-
- Please observe the copyright notice below:
-
- ListProcessor version 6.0 by Anastasios Kotsikonas, Copyright (c) 1991-93.
- Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Federal Government is subject to the
- restrictions set forth in FAR 52.227-19(c), Commercial Computer Software or,
- for U.S. Department of Defense Users, by DFAR 252.227-7013(c)(1)(ii).
-
- Note:
- To make this work with the UnixWare mail subsystem (mailsurr), the
- formail utility from procmail has been used as a front end to
- the ListProcessor catmail utility, to edit the headers etc.
-
- Installation instructions for this distribution
-
- (1) Login as root
-
- If you are running straight UnixWare 2.0 , 2.01 or 2.02
- you need to apply a patch to the smtp subsystem.
-
- The supported version can be obtained from
- ftp.sco.com:/UW20/tf2100.tar
-
- (2) Then install the listproc tools into /home/listserv as follows:
-
- cd /home
- zcat listproc.tar.Z|tar xvf -
- useradd -d /home/listserv -s /usr/bin/ksh listserv
- chown -R listserv listserv
- vi /usr/lib/cron/cron.allow append listserv to the end of this file
-
- (3) Setup the mailaliases etc:
-
- You need to add entries in the /etc/mail/mailsurr file
- for your mailing lists. This can be done by editing the
- file /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto adding the lines below
- (note xopen-testing is an example) and then running the
- command:
-
- /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr -l on
-
- ####
- #### Part 3
- ####
- #### Delivery commands should go here.
- ####
-
- # Check for binary mail. Uncomment this if you want to use it.
- #
- #'.+' '!([^!]+)!.+' '< F=*;C=0; /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/ckbinarsys -t %C -s \\1'
-
- # mailgate setup:
- # mail-server, mailing lists and information distribution handling section
- # admin requests
- '.+' 'listproc' '<S=0; /home/listserv/catmail -r -f'
- # mailing lists
- '.+' 'xopen-testing' '<S=0;F=1-255;C=*; /home/listserv/catmail -L XOPEN-TESTING -f'
-
- (4) Edit /etc/mail/namefiles and add:
- /etc/mail/listaliases
-
- This tells mailalias to look in this file for additional aliases.
- Add the following to that list, change the name (andrew)
- as appropriate
-
- ### Mailing Lists ###
-
- # who is the overall admin for listproc
- list-admin andrew
- # if you share this file on multiple machines enable the next line
- # to get the mail to the right machine
- #xopen-testing lechladel!xopen-testing
- xopen-testing-request listproc
-
- (5) Login as user listserv:
-
- Edit the config file and change values in there as appropriate for
- your configuration.
-
- The organization line needs changing, as do the lists that
- you define. In this example a list xopen-testing is shown.
- This list requires all subscription requests to be approved
- by the list owner.
-
- Also in this example the lists are running on a machine called
- lechlade, you want to change all email addresses to be those
- of your mail domain.
-
- Check out the documentation in the doc directory.
-
- Lastly when you are ready and feel you have an understanding,
- install a crontab entry .
-
- Install a cron file to start the server:
- crontab crontab
-
- This will start the server.
-
- To test, send some mail to listproc, and also to xopen-testing.
- It takes a while for the listproc to awake the first time, since
- its only started on the hour, once awake the daemon keeps running.
- Edit the crontab to start the daemon sooner.
-
- To see where incoming requests go, if you configured the mailer
- correctly, check the file /home/listserv/requests.
-
- xopen-testing should say you are not subscribed, you can then
- resend and subscribe. Check both the admin mail box and the
- initiator.
-
- Look at help/general and change the first line as required.
-
- To add new lists you have to create a set of files in /home/listserv/lists
- in a subdirectory as well as editing /home/listserv/config.
- Check out the doc directory.
-
- File & Directory Perms in /home/listserv
-
- A couple of utilities have to be setuid listserv - see below:
-
- total 4032
- drwxr-xr-x 2 listserv other 96 Apr 12 14:56 News
- drwx------ 3 listserv other 96 Apr 12 14:56 arc
- drwx------ 5 listserv tech 96 Apr 12 14:55 archives
- -rw------- 1 listserv tech 0 Jan 18 1994 batch
- drwxr-xr-x 2 listserv other 96 Apr 12 14:56 bin
- -rwsr-xr-x 1 listserv other 86 Apr 17 09:10 catmail
- -rwsr-xr-x 1 listserv other 155400 Jan 26 1994 catmail.prog
- -rw------- 1 listserv tech 6745 Feb 14 19:12 config
- -rw-r--r-- 1 listserv other 57 Feb 10 1994 crontab
- drwx------ 2 listserv tech 1024 Apr 12 14:55 doc
- -rwx------ 1 listserv other 175732 Jan 26 1994 farch
- -rw------- 1 listserv tech 84 Jan 18 1994 flocks
- -rwx------ 1 listserv other 15208 Jan 26 1994 fwin
- drwxr-xr-x 2 listserv tech 96 Apr 12 14:56 gateway
- drwx------ 2 listserv tech 1024 Apr 12 14:56 help
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 listserv other 13892 Jan 26 1994 ilp
- -rwx------ 1 listserv other 321880 Jan 26 1994 list
- -rwx------ 1 listserv other 424760 Jan 26 1994 listproc
- drwx------ 11 listserv tech 1024 Apr 12 14:55 lists
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 listserv other 45208 Jan 18 1994 make
- -rw-r--r-- 1 listserv tech 546 Jan 18 1994 makefile
- drwxr-xr-x 4 listserv other 96 Apr 12 14:56 man
- -rw------- 1 listserv other 251796 Jul 6 08:16 mbox
- drwx------ 2 listserv tech 1024 Jul 10 18:57 mqueue
- -rwx------ 1 listserv tech 1986 Jan 18 1994 news
- -rw------- 1 listserv tech 892 Jul 5 10:18 owners
- -rwx------ 1 listserv tech 1888 Jan 18 1994 peer
- -rwx------ 1 listserv other 216956 Jan 26 1994 pqueue
- -rwx------ 1 listserv tech 1201 Jan 18 1994 queued
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 listserv other 501 Jan 20 1994 rcp
- -rw------- 1 listserv other 57 Jul 6 08:16 received
- -rwx------ 1 listserv tech 502 Jan 18 1994 redux
- -rw------- 1 listserv other 0 Jul 6 08:16 requests
- -rwx------ 1 listserv other 4808 Jan 26 1994 rev
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 listserv other 7420 Jan 26 1994 semset
- -rw------- 1 listserv other 6 Jul 6 08:16 sent
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 listserv other 172072 Jan 26 1994 serverd
- -rwx------ 1 listserv tech 6931 Jan 20 1994 setup
- -rwx------ 1 listserv other 169264 Jan 26 1994 start
- -rwx------ 1 listserv tech 23389 Jan 18 1994 systest
- -rwx------ 1 listserv other 22312 Jan 26 1994 tlock
- -rwx------ 1 listserv tech 133 Jan 18 1994 ulock
- -rw------- 1 listserv tech 700 Jan 18 1994 unwanted.hosts
- drwxr-xr-x 2 listserv tech 1024 Apr 12 14:56 util
- -rw-r--r-- 1 listserv tech 591 Jan 18 1994 welcome.live
-
- Subject: M45) How do I make sendmail the default mailer?
-
- Note that this is for the default sendmail included with the base
- system and is not for the Sendmail package included with the
- Free UW212 IFS - please check with SCO for how to configure that.
-
- On UnixWare 2:
-
- (Step 1). rename /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp to /etc/rc2.d/s81stmp
- (Step 2). Start sendmail in /etc/inet/config. Like this:
-
- # The next line can be read:
- # If field 3 is a Y and /usr/sbin/in.gated was not run, then run
- # /usr/sbin/in.routed -q
- 4b:/usr/sbin/in.routed:/usr/sbin/in.gated:Y::-q:
- ###4c:/usr/sbin/route::n::add default router_placeholder 1
- ###6:/usr/sbin/in.xntpd::y:/etc/inet/ntp.conf::
- 7:/usr/bin/sh::y:/etc/inet/rc.inet:/etc/inet/rc.inet start:
- 4c:/usr/sbin/route::y::add default 129.123.1.254 1:
- ## added by JRD
- 8:/usr/ucblib/sendmail::y:/usr/ucblib/sendmail.cf:-bd -q24h:
- 9:/usr/sbin/syslogd::y:/etc/syslog.conf::
-
- (Step 3). copy the /etc/ucbmail/mailsurr file over the /etc/mail/mailsurr file.
-
- Note that you should also check the mailtools/sendmail directory
- on the ftp archive since there is a binary pkgadd
- version of sendmail there which does the setup automagically.
-
- Subject: M46) Mail of the address format @mylocal.domain:user@mylocal.domain
- is not delivered locally, how can I fix this?
-
- You need to add a line to /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto
- as follows:
-
- After the uucollapse line add:
-
- '.+' '@(%DNODOT)[:,](.+)' 'Translate R=\\2'
- '.+' '@(%L%D)[:,](.+)' 'Translate R=\\2'
- '.+' '@(%U)[:,](.+)' 'Translate R=\\2'
-
- Then run
-
- /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp stop
- /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp start
-
- Subject: M47) dtmail won't restart after my machine was switched off.
-
- One of our machines was switched off with a dtmail session active
- and when restarted wont let the user back into mail, saying the mail
- is already being read - any ideas?
-
- Check /var/mail/:readlock for a file as in username.lock
-
- Try removing that file. If that does not work and you can't get
- in (due to a kernel lock) move the mailbox in /var/mail aside
- and rename it, then copy it back to the original name (has to be
- done quickly:-)
-
- Subject: M48) Inbound mail is addressed to
- <@site.demon.co.uk:user@domain.co.uk>
- and does not get delivered to the local user.
-
- Our Internet provider is Demon, and we are using the mail forwarding service.
- This allows use of user@domain.co.uk, rather than the usual
- user@site.demon.co.uk.
-
- The problem :-
-
- The "RCPT TO:" line when receiving mail reads ( As seen in the osm log )
-
- RCPT TO: <@site.demon.co.uk:user@domain.co.uk>
-
- Instead of the mail being delivered to the user, it goes to root. This is the
- same for any user. Outgoing mail is fine.
-
- To fix: edit the /usr/lib/mail/mailsurr.proto file and
- try the following:
-
- {after uucollapse }; add
-
- # Strip off local routes to domain, local.domain, uname, uname.alternate
- '.+' '@(%DNODOT)[:,](.+)' 'Translate R=\\2'
- '.+' '@(%L%D)[:,](.+)' 'Translate R=\\2'
- '.+' '@(%U)[:,](.+)' 'Translate R=\\2'
- # put our alternate domain here
- '.+' '@(%site.demon.co.uk)[:,](.+)' 'Translate R=\\2'
-
-
- Subject: M49) I'm using PPP but don't have the interface up when the system
- creates the mailsurr file, and thus it does not detect my IP
- link - what can I do?
-
- Bob Stewart writes:
-
- If your only networking connection is via ppp, you will have to make
- a change to /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/configCheck if you want to use smtp
- to send your mail. Look for the section entitled "Check if IP is up
- and running". Add the following line immediately after the check to
- just force IP as the mail transport:
-
- $flaglist{IP} = 1;
-
- Reboot your system, or alternately as root, type
-
- sh /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp stop
- sh /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp start
-
- and verify that IP preceeds UUCP in /etc/mail/mailflgs.
-
- Subject: M50) How can I set mailalias in the form : user@site maps to
- local user?
-
- I run multiple domains in my server and I want to map
-
- "sales@abc.com" to a user "andy"
- "editor@def.com" to a user "ron".
-
- How should I do this?
- Set up the mailsurr file in the following way...
-
- Robert A Heller writes:
-
- We have a script in /etc/mail/vdom that takes two command line
- parameters as:
-
- /etc/mail/vdom username domain
-
- If the 'user' is one of a common set between domains like, info,
- accounts, sales, webmaster etc (create your own list), it appends
- an index number to the user name.
-
- For example, sending to info@vdomain.com will result in mail
- calling vdom as /etc/mail/vdom info vdomain.com
-
- vdom will find the index number for vdomain.com (say 20) and it
- will then print on the standard output info20, which is returned
- to the mail delivery system.
-
- The mailsurr file is modified with an entry like:
-
- '.+' '([^@]+)@(.*vdomain.com)' 'Translate T=1; R=|/etc/mail/vdom \\1 \\2'
-
- somewhere before 'local' mail delivery.
-
- If the username is not one of the 'common' names, but rather a real e-mail
- at that address it simply puts the real name on the output.
-
- Therefore, if michael is a real user at realdomain.com but owns the
- virtual domain vdomain.com, mail program will...
-
- /etc/mail/vdom michael vdomain.com
-
- and the output returned to the mail program for further processing
- will simply be 'michael'.
-
- Notably,
- '.+' '([^@]+)@([^@]+)(vdomain.com)' 'Translate T=1; R=|/etc/mail/vdom \\1 \\2'
- does not work.
-
- Here are our samples:
-
- -----mailsurr.proto----
- <ACCDOM> '.+' '([^@]+)@%{DNODOT}' 'Translate R=\\1'
-
- # INTERNET_XL begin
- # This is to weed out any addresses of the form user@mail.xl.ca.
-
- '.+' '([^@]+)@(.*xl.ca)' 'Translate T=1; R=\\1'
- '.+' '([^@]+)@(.*xlent.net)' 'Translate T=1; R=\\1'
-
- # Virtual domains hosted by this server
-
- '.+' '([^@]+)@(.*advancedcard.com)' 'Translate T=1; R=|/etc/mail/vdom \\1 \\2'
- '.+' '([^@]+)@(.*ames-bros.bc.ca)' 'Translate T=1; R=|/etc/mail/vdom \\1 \\2'
- '.+' '([^@]+)@(.*concerta.com)' 'Translate T=1; R=|/etc/mail/vdom \\1 \\2'
-
- -------/etc/mail/vdom--
- #!/bin/sh
- vdomain=$2
- # COUNTER 23
- case $vdomain in
- *advancedcard.com) no=1;;
- *ames-bros.bc.ca) no=2;;
- *concerta.com) no=21;;
- *) no=;;
- esac
-
- case $1 in
- admin | info | sales | support | accounts | accounting | webmaster | director | orders ) user=$1$no;;
- *) user=$1;;
- esac
-
- printf $user
-
- Subject: M51) What is the /etc/mail/smtpcnfg file in tf2100/UW2.1?
-
- This file is read when smtp is started.
-
- It contains fields of the format
- field=value
-
- The default file with UW212 looks like
-
- MX_FIRST=yes
- USE_LOG_FILES=yes
- USE_WRAPPERS=no
- USE_OSM=no
- TIMEOUT=3 days
- LOG_MASK=incoming, outgoing, errors
-
- MX_FIRST=yes : means smtp attempts delivery to a hosts
- specified Mail Exchanger record (MX DNS record) rather than the
- delivering directly to the host IP address. If set to no,
- then it attempts delivery directly to the host IP address and
- then any MX hosts if specified.
-
- USE_LOG_FILES=yes : whether to log to /var/spool/mailq/Logs. If no
- value is given this defaults to yes.
-
- USE_WRAPPERS=no : whether to check to access using the /etc/hosts.allow
- file (as in the tcp wrappers package). I've not been able to convince
- myself that this works at the moment.
-
- USE_OSM=no : whether to direct log messages to syslog (osmlog). If
- yes these can be viewed using the Message_monitor GUI tool, or syslogd
- can direct them to log files.
-
- TIMEOUT=3 days : the time from original delivery attempt before the
- mail is returned to the sender as being undeliverable. If a value of
- "-1" is given the attempts continue indefinitely. An example of
- 7 days timeout can also be specified as "TIMEOUT=1 week".
-
- LOG_MASK=incoming, outgoing, errors : what events to be logged.
- Other classes to be logged are: "queued" - log info on msgs
- placed on queues; "debug" - log debug info; "connection" - log
- info on connections; "recipients" - log info about recipients.
- Its possible to switch all this off with the value "nothing"
- or to switch all logging on with "everything".
-
- Subject: M52) How should I setup Mail via PPP?
-
- Let's assume firstly that you have a PPP link up and working
- and that tcp/ip services between your host and your ISP have
- been established.
-
- Lets also assume that you can obtain the Email FAQ from
- http://www.freebird.org/faq/email.html
- since that explains the email subsystem in greater depth than here.
-
- There are various scenarios:
-
- (1) You have your own domain name, for example
- tamarix.demon.co.uk and your ISP initiates an smtp
- transfer to your host when you start a ppp session
- (this is how demon work in the UK)
-
- You need to establish your DOMAIN name for email. This can be
- done by using the Mail_setup GUI tool or by editing(or creating)
- the file: /etc/mail/mailcnfg
-
- The mailcnfg file I use at home is
-
- DOMAIN=demon.co.uk
- FORCE_7BIT_HEADERS=1
- FORCE_7BIT_MIME=1
- ADD_TO=1
- ADD_MESSAGE_ID=1
- SMARTERHOST=post.demon.co.uk
-
- By setting DOMAIN=demon.co.uk outbound mail from my home machine tamarix
- has the From: line set to tamarix.demon.co.uk.
-
- Since you are at home you want to try and do all mail processing
- while offline - hence the use of a SMARTERHOST, whose IP address
- should be added to your /etc/hosts file so as not to require
- an MX lookup when sending mail (see smtpqer line later)
-
- You also want to edit the file /usr/lib/mail/lookupLibs.proto
- and comment out some lines in there so as to reduce DNS lookups.
-
- /usr/lib/mail/libalias/home.so
- /usr/lib/mail/libalias/file.so
- /usr/lib/mail/libalias/passwd.so
- <DNS> #/usr/lib/mail/libalias/dns.so
- <NIS> #/usr/lib/mail/libalias/nis.so
- <MHS> #/usr/lib/mail/libalias/extract.so
-
- This proto file ends up creating the file /etc/mail/lookupLibs ,
- (after running the /usr/lib/mail/surrcmd/createSurr command - ran
- out of /etc/rc2.d/S81smtp).
-
- The /etc/mail/mailsurr file is the key file for determining how
- mail gets delivered, I customize this file and then make it permanent -
- after all once you've set it up why let createSurr keep rewriting it!
-
- A fixed mailsurr file appropriate for PPP can be
- obtained from:
- ftp.abs.net:/unixware/freebird/hints/Mail/mailsurr.ppp
-
- (2) You have a POP mailbox on the ISP server, and your
- mail account is username@your_isp_address.dom. You'll need
- to use a POP client or equivalent to get the mail onto
- your local machine. You'll then need to reply using mail on
- the local machine and want to ensure that the mail headers
- look like mail is being sent from the ISP machine.
-
- In this case your mailbox is held on the ISP's machine and they
- have a POP server. You need a popclient to retrieve the mail from
- the server onto your local machine. A version of the Mail Users Shell
- (Mush) is available on ftp.abs.net:/unixware/freebird/mailtools/popclient
- that can be used. There has also been a tool posted in this group
- that will retrieve the mailbox from your ISP into the local machine,
- in which case you can then use your favourite mail user agent to read it
- (i don't have a copy off-hand).
-
- POP allows you to retrieve mail but most servers don't allow you
- to send mail. You can use smtp to send mail from your local machine
- using the above configuration with one exception, you need to
- rewrite the From: line for outbound mail to hide your nodename
- (so in my case, mail would appear to come from demon.co.uk and
- not tamarix.demon.co.uk).
-
- This can be done by editing the file /etc/mail/rewrite
- and adding the routine (this will need editing for your
- configuration)
-
- function check_headers()
- {
- var hdr;
- # loop through ALL headers
- for (hdr from headers_pattern("From:"))
- # if we match a header that has something like foo.xyz.com in it
- if (hdr ~ "[a-zA-Z]\\.demon\\.co\\.uk")
- # then substitute the shorter version in its place
- hdr=gsubstitute(hdr, "[a-zA-Z0-9.]+\\.demon\\.co\\.\\uk", "demon.co.uk");
- }
-
- Add a call to this in the function main() in /etc/mail/rewrite, so this
- looks like:
-
- function main()
- {
- add_missing_headers();
- check_headers();
- }
-
- (3) When sending mail you'll want to consider whether you
- want to relay mail via a SMARTERHOST (recommended), usually
- your ISP or whether you want to send the mail directly
- across the internet to the remote recipient
-
- In the mailsurr example above, I've assumed that this is what you'd
- want to do. And in most cases this makes sense, since that way
- you can let your ISP handle the routing and delivery issues.
- For those odd occasions when you want to get mail somewhere quickly
- or directly i use an i: prefix to say internet directly which you
- may or may not find particularly useful.
-
- (4) Perhaps you have two PPP links in different domains (like
- my home box), and can switch between them. You want to receive mail
- to both domain addresses - this requires some level of customization
-
- I have some scripts (written by Mike Convey) to swap between my ISP
- and my work PPP links. At home my machine is known as tamarix, at work
- its known as voyager (now if i'd kept the names the same i would
- not need this!).
-
- When I send email i keep the tamarix.demon.co.uk
- domain in there, but occasionally i want to forward mail over the work
- link to my machine. In this case I have to add a line to the mailsurr
- file so that it recognises the mail as local, otherwise it sends
- it off to the SMARTERHOST
-
- The trick is to add another delivery line to translate the mail
- for local delivery, and add your alternate nodename in there
-
- '.+' '([^@]+)@(voyager)%D' 'Translate R=\\1'
-
- The %D is needed since the inbound smtp adds the Domain info.
-
- (5) Perhaps your ISP relays mail to you over uucp over TCP/IP,
- perhaps by a mail forward? What then?
-
- For incoming mail this is not a problem, and you can still send
- mail outwards using smtp.
-
- I'm sure there are other configurations not covered here, hopefully
- this will be useful to some folks!
-
- Subject: M53) How can I setup mail to handle virtual hosts's mail?
-
- How do I handle virtual hosts' mail with mailsurr ?
-
- Example: have machine mydomain.net
- have virtual machines virtual1.ca
- virtual2.ca
- virtual3.ca
- I want to have server handle mail for
-
- sales@mydomain.net
- sales@virtual1.ca
- sales@virtual2.ca
- sales@virtual3.ca
-
- One way to handle this is to add explicit rules on the mailsurr.proto
- file as follows:
-
- Add this in just before the area where it deals with supposedly local names.
-
- # Map all names addressed to alias@domain.com to appropriate users.
- '.+' '(sales)@(mydomain.net)' 'Translate T=1; R=ron'
- '.+' '(sales)@(virtual1.ca)' 'Translate T=1; R=andy'
- '.+' '(sales)@(virtual2.ca)' 'Translate T=1; R=linda'
- '.+' '(sales)@(virtual3.ca)' 'Translate T=1; R=bob'
-
- In the above, all the R=names are local users or aliases (if they
- are not local you can alias them to the real addresses).
-
- Subject: M54) I need to print all incoming mail as well as send it to
- local users.
-
- # Add this before any address translations to mailsurr.proto
- # Send all incomming mail to printer and to user.
- # Do a C=* so mail is sent to the user also.
- '.+' '([^@]+)@(mydomain.com)' '< C=*; lp -dtest'
-
- Subject: M55) Mail loops - its forwarded by my provider but then goes into a loop - any ideas?
-
- This usually occurs when the /etc/mail/mailsurr file is not
- pattern matching a delivery line, specifically a line to translate the
- address to a local address for delivery.
-
- Examine the log file in /var/mail/:log , look at the To
- address of the bounced message. If its of the form
-
- @site.com:user@foo.domain
-
- See M48.
- Else check that your DOMAIN is defined in /etc/mail/mailcnfg and that any customisations
- to /etc/mail/mailsurr have been done.
-
- Subject: M56) Mail delivery does not seem to be case insensitive - any ideas?
-
- Problem: Any mail that is received with a capitol letter in the
- recipient field is returned to the originator. Meaning, if you compose
- mail to AUser@mydom,net, it will not get to me. Instead an
- ambiguous/invalid recipient error is generated.
-
- The problem occurs since the mailalias call with the mailsurr sees the
- address with a domain still attached. Translation to lower case is
- handled by the mailalias line within /etc/mail/mailsurr, in this case
- the mailalias call leaves this alone as its not local, and a later line
- attempts local delivery. The fix is to add another mailalias call
- by duplicating the existing line.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Acknowledgements:
-
- Many thanks to the following for feedback and comments on various
- drafts of this FAQ: Steve Wootton, Pete Holsberg, Michael Tiernan,
- Bob Stewart, Dan Daggett.
-
- --
- Andrew Josey, Disclaimer: Any views expressed are not those of
- my employer, either past, present or future.
-
-