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- At the start of every match, assuming you win the coin flip (or the roll of
- the ball), you must decide if you want to serve or to receive. Does it
- matter which you choose? Now, I don't mean is there a psychological
- advantage. To see what I mean consider chess. There is a significant
- advantage to having white in chess. Even if you prefer defense to offense,
- you should take white. Or consider a game of volleyball. In volleyball your
- team only scores points when it is serving. It is intuitively clear that,
- given a choice, you should serve first.
-
- So what about table tennis? Is there an actual advantage to serving first?
- Before reading further, try to answer this question.
-
- Let's be explicit about our modeling assumptions. Assume that the
- probability of winning a point only depends on which player is serving, and
- in particular is independent of the score. First note that if the game goes
- deuce, then it doesn't matter who served first since no matter who wins,
- each player will have served the same number of times.
-
- What if the game doesn't go deuce? Consider the following modification of
- the rules: Rather than stopping when one player reaches 21, keep playing
- until 40 points have been played. If you win the game under the modified
- rules, then you must win at least 21 of the 40 points and hence would have
- won the game under the standard rules. Similarly if you lose under the
- modified rules, you also would have lost under the standard rules. But,
- under the modified rules, both players serve 20 times and so it doesn't
- matter which one served first. So the answer to our question is: No, it
- doesn't matter who serves first.
-
- How about handicap matches? Traditionally a handicap match is played as one
- game to 51. In order to analyze this, modify the rules so we'll play a
- total of 100 points (unless we go deuce). Serve changes when the sum of the
- scores is a multiple of 5, just as in non-handicap games. Let A be the
- player who serves first and let B be the player who serves second.
-
- Suppose the handicap is 1 point. Player A serves 4 points and then B serves
- 5 points, and the rest of the game continues normally with each player
- serving 5 points at a time. Hence A will serve a total of 49 points and B
- will serve a total of 50. Therefore you should choose to serve second
- (unless you are weird and are more likely to win a point when your opponent
- serves). Now let's consider a handicap of 5. Then player A will serve 50
- points and B will serve 45. Therefore you should serve first. If the
- handicap is 10, then both players will serve 45 and it doesn't matter who
- serves first.
-
- Let's summarize what you should do for handicap games. Only the last digit
- matters (so you want to do the same thing for a handicap of 17 as for a
- handicap of 7). If the last digit of the handicap is 0, then it doesn't
- matter who serves first. If the last digit of the handicap is 1, 2, 3, or
- 4, then you want to serve second. If the last digit of the handicap is 5,
- 6, 7, 8, or 9, then you want to serve first.
-
- We'll leave doubles for a future article or you might try it as a
- (difficult) homework problem. It might also be interesting to analyze a 2
- out of 3 handicap match where each game is to 21.
-
- Perhaps a few words about psychological advantage is in order. If there is
- no real advantage and the players know this, then there shouldn't be any
- psychological advantage. However, if you know there is no real advantage,
- but your opponent doesn't, then perhaps you can get a psychological
- advantage by letting him serve first.
-
-