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From: [e-mail] (Mark Kantrowitz)
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Subject: FAQ: Scheme Implementations and Mailing Lists 2/2 [Monthly posting]
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;;; ****************************************************************
;;; Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about Scheme *************
;;; ****************************************************************
;;; Written by Mark Kantrowitz and Barry Margolin
;;; scheme_2.faq

This post contains part 2 of the Scheme FAQ.

If you think of questions that are appropriate for this FAQ, or would
like to improve an answer, please send email to us at [e-mail].

Topics Covered (Part 2):
  [2-1]   Free Scheme implementations.
  [2-2]   Commercial Scheme implementations.
  [2-3]   What Scheme-related discussion groups and mailing lists exist?

Search for \[#\] to get to question number # quickly.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [2-1] Free Scheme implementations.

Repositories of Scheme source code are described in the answer to
question [1-9].

Remember, when ftping compressed or compacted files (.Z, .z, .arc, .fit,
etc.) to use binary mode for retrieving the files.

Files that end with a .z suffix were compressed with the patent-free
gzip (no relation to zip). Source for gzip is available from:
   prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/
as the files gzip-1.2.4.shar, gzip-1.2.4.tar,or gzip-1.2.4.msdos.exe.

Repositories of Scheme implementations:

   Many free Scheme implementations are available from swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu
   [18.43.0.246]. See also the Scheme Repository described below.

   The Scheme Repository contains a Scheme bibliography, copies of the
   R4RS report, sample Scheme code for a variety of purposes, several
   utilities, and most free implementations.  (Implementations of Scheme
   available from the repository include elk, gambit, scm, fools, rabbit,
   s48, scheme84, scheme88, pseudo, xscheme, umb-scheme, siod, vscm, and
   pixiescheme.) The repository was established by Ozan S. Yigit and
   is currently maintained by David Eby and John Zuckerman
   <[e-mail]>. The repository is
   accessible by anonymous ftp at
      ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/   [129.79.254.191]
   The repository is mirrored in INRIA, courtesy of Christian Queinnec
   [Ecole Polytechnique and INRIA-Rocquencourt], ftp.inria.fr:/lang/Scheme.
   (See also [1-9].)

Scheme implementations:

   BIGLOO is a Scheme interpreter and compiler. It conforms to the
   IEEE-Scheme standard (IEEE P1178) with some extensions, such as
   regular expression parsing (RGC), a lexical analyzer generator, a full
   foreign function interface, and a pattern matching compiler.  Bigloo
   can also compile modules written in Caml (an ML dialect), letting you
   mix Scheme, ML, and C.  Object-oriented programming is provided by
   Meroon v3. The main goal of Bigloo is to deliver small and fast stand
   alone applications.  Bigloo produces ANSI C and hence should be easy
   to port. It runs on Sparc (1, 2, 10), SONY-NEWS (MIPS R3000), IRIS
   Indigo (MIPS R3000), Sun 3/60, DecStation 3100, PC-486 (linux), and
   HP-PA (730).  It is available by anonymous ftp from
      ftp.inria.fr:/INRIA/Projects/icsla/Implementations/ [192.93.2.54]
   as the files bigloo1.7.tar.gz and camloo0.2.tar.gz.
   For further information, send email to [e-mail], or
   write to Manuel Serrano (equipe ICSLA, Bat 8), INRIA-Rocquencourt,
   BP 105, 78153, Le Chesnay CEDEX, FRANCE, or call 39-63-57-32.

   Elk (Extension Language Kit) has been designed specifically as an
   embeddable, reusable extension language subsystem for applications written
   in C or C++.  Elk is also useful as a stand-alone Scheme implementation,
   in particular as a platform for rapid prototyping of X11-based Scheme
   programs.  Elk was first published in 1989; the current version is Elk 3.0.
      The Elk distribution includes a Scheme interpreter (embeddable and
   stand-alone versions), several dynamically loadable extensions, run-time
   support (including a top-level implemented in Scheme and a debugger),
   and 230+ pages of documentation (troff and PostScript format).
      Major features of Elk are incremental, dynamic loading of compiled
   extensions (supported on many platforms); freezing of the interpreter or
   application into a new executable file; a C/C++ programmer's interface
   for language interoperability; Scheme bindings for X11 Xlib, Xt, Athena
   and Motif Widgets; a UNIX interface (not restricted to POSIX); bitstrings,
   records, and regular expressions; a stop-and-copy and an incremental,
   generational garbage collector.
      The Elk 3.0 distribution and more information about Elk are available
   in the World Wide Web at
      http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~net/elk
   The distribution is also available on a number of FTP sites including
    ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/devel_tools/elk-3.0.tar.gz
    ftp://ftp.uni-bremen.de/pub/programming/languages/scheme/elk/elk-3.0.tar.gz
   For more information contact Oliver Laumann <[e-mail]>.

   FDU Scheme is a R3RS implementation of Scheme for the Prime
   50-series under Primos. It is available by anonymous ftp from
   fdumad.fdu.edu [132.238.1.1] (username "anonymous", password
   <RETURN>). Attach to the Scheme subdirectory (cd '*>scheme') and
   transfer all files in it and its subdirectories using file type
   binary.  For more information, contact Peter Falley,
   <[e-mail]>.

   Fools' Lisp is a small Scheme interpreter that is R4RS conformant, and
   is available by anonymous ftp from
      scam.berkeley.edu:/pub/src/local/fools.1.3.2.tar.Z [128.32.138.1]
   Fools' Lisp runs on Sun3 and Sun4 (SunOs), DecStation 3100s, Vax
   (Ultrix), Sequent, and Apollo. Implemented by Jonathan Lee
   <[e-mail]>.

   Gambit is a high-performance implementation of Scheme based on an
   optimizing compiler.  It conforms to the IEEE-Scheme standard (IEEE
   P1178) and the Revised^4 Report on Scheme (R4RS) and supports the
   whole numeric tower (i.e. integer, rational, real and complex numbers).
   Gambit extends the standards by providing: weak pairs, wills, string
   ports, records, property lists, namespaces, futures, pretty printer,
   debugger, multitasking, and compiler declarations.  To make it portable
   and simplify bootstrapping, the compiler is written in IEEE-Scheme and
   makes use of a high-level abstract-machine (called GVM) for the
   intermediate representation.  A "Scheme-in-Scheme" approach was adopted
   to minimize the amount of non-portable code in the system (nearly all of
   the runtime library is written in Scheme including the interpreter and
   debugger).  Three different variants of Gambit were produced:

   Gambit-68K (first public release in 1990; last version: 2.0, june 1993):
     This is the original Gambit system with a native code back-end
     for Motorola 680x0.  It works on most 68K based Unix workstations
     and on the BBN GP1000 shared-memory multiprocessor.  The back-end
     for the GP1000 implements Multilisp's "future" parallel construct
     using lazy-task-creation (a very low overhead task spawning
     mechanism).
     ftp.iro.umontreal.ca:/pub/parallele/gambit/gamb68k.tar.Z

   MacGambit (first public release in 1991; last version: 2.2.2, oct 1995):
     This is a port of Gambit-68K for the Macintosh.  It is a complete
     development environment, including a Scheme-aware editor, an online
     help system, and a linker to build standalone applications.  A
     drawing window for simple graphics and an interface to many of the
     Macintosh's "Toolbox" routines are available.  An executable
     MacGambit application is supplied with the distribution as well as
     all the sources (ThinkC 4.0 or CodeWarrior 6 or higher are needed to
     recompile the sources).
     ftp.iro.umontreal.ca:/pub/parallele/gambit/MacGambit.sea.hqx

   Gambit-C (first public release in 1994; last version: 2.3.1, april 1996):
     In this variant of Gambit, the compiler generates highly portable
     C code that is reasonably efficient.  The primary goals of Gambit-C
     are portability and correctness (in particular it correctly implements
     tail-recursion across modules and uses a precise garbage-collector).
     Gambit-C runs on a wide range of Unix workstations, on Macintosh, and
     DOS/Windows.  It also supports these features: dynamic-loading
     of compiled files, C-interface (FFI), and a memory management system
     that expands and contracts the heap based on the program's needs.
     Standalone executables can be created with Gambit-C (a minimal
     application is about 700 Kbytes when statically linked and 5 Kbytes
     when the runtime system is compiled as a shared-library).
     Sources:
       ftp.iro.umontreal.ca:/pub/parallele/gambit/gambc.tar.gz
     Executables for Windows-95 and Windows-NT:
       ftp.iro.umontreal.ca:/pub/parallele/gambit/gambc.zip
     Executables for DOS and Windows 3.1:
       ftp.iro.umontreal.ca:/pub/parallele/gambit/gambcdos.zip

   Gambit can be used freely for non-commercial uses (including academic
   research and education).  A license is required to use Gambit
   commercially (contact [e-mail]).

   HELP (a lazy Scheme) is available by anonymous ftp from
   sumex-aim.stanford.edu:/info-mac/lang/lazy-scheme.hqx.  Written by
   Thomas Schiex ([e-mail], [e-mail]). Help is a complete and
   efficient Scheme-like functional lazy Lisp interpreter.  It works only
   on 68020 (or more) based Macintoshes. It has a 'friendly' interface
   (parenthesis matcher, auto-indent), uses a full call-by-need semantics
   and includes many examples, including a symbolic compiler for the
   680x0. Efficiency is good and lazyness is fully parametrizable (you
   may turn Help into a strict Scheme-like language if you like). French
   AND English updated docs are included in Word4 and plain text formats.

   LIBSCHEME is a C library implementing Scheme as described in R4RS.  It
   is easily integrated into a C program as a command interpreter or
   extension language, and is easily extended in C with new primitive
   types, primitve functions and syntax.  It should be portable to most
   machines with an ANSI C compiler. It is available by anonymous ftp
   from
      ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/imp/
   For more information, write to Brent Benson
   <[e-mail]>.

   MIT Scheme (aka C-Scheme), is available free by anonymous FTP from
      swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/scheme-7.3 [18.23.0.16]
   or
      ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pubscheme-repository/imp/MIT-Scheme-7.3/doc
   Version 7.3 is a beta version and runs on DEC Alpha, DECStation
   (MIPS), HP 9000 300/400/700, IBM RS-6000, Intel i386/i486 (DOS, NT,
   Windows 3.1, or Linux), NeXT (NeXTOS 2 or 3), SGI (MIPS), Sony NEWS
   (MIPS), Sun3 (SunOS 4.1) and Sun4 (SunOS 4.1).  Bugs should be
   reported to [e-mail] (for the DOS version, send
   bug reports to [e-mail]).  MIT Scheme
   includes Edwin (Scheme's Emacs-like editor) and Liar (the Scheme
   compiler). Does not have a convenient foreign function interface yet.
   FTP distribution includes MIT C-Scheme Reference and User manuals, as
   well as the Revised^4 Report on Scheme. Discussion occurs on the
   newsgroup comp.lang.scheme.c (gatewayed to the mailing list
   [e-mail]). For DOS floppy distribution requests
   (includes printed copies of manuals), send $95.00 (payable in U.S.
   funds to "Scheme Distribution") to cover costs of distribution to
   Scheme Distribution, c/o Prof. Hal Abelson, 545 Technology Sq. rm 410,
   Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
   |
   On the NeXT, MIT Scheme is available as part of the Schematik
   package, which provides an editor/front-end user interface,
   graphics, and "robotics" support for Lego and the like.  Schematik is
   free and is available for anonymous ftp from
      ftp.gac.edu:/pub/next/scheme/
   Europeans can get it more locally from
      ftp.informatik.uni-muenchen.de:/pub/next/ProgLang/
   start with Schematik-1.1.5.1.README .  Schematik is also apparently
   included on NeXT's "Educational Software Sampler" CD-ROM.
   |
   A preliminary unofficial port of C-Scheme to the Linux is available
   from artemide.dei.unipd.it:/linux/scheme-7.2/. Contact the author
   Matteo Frigo <[e-mail]> for more information.

   MzScheme is a Scheme implementation for Unix, Windows (Win32), and
   MacOS. In addition to supporting standard R4RS Scheme (including the
   full numerical tower), MzScheme provides pre-emptive threads,
   generative record datatypes, an exception system (integrated with all
   primitive errors), classes and objects, first-class compilation units,
   regular expression parsing, and simple TCP support on all platforms.
     MzScheme can dynamically load extensions implemented in C, and it
   can be embedded into any C/C++ application. Interoperability with C is
   facilitated by the use of a conservative garbage collector.
     MzScheme is the core interpreter for MrEd, an engine for developing
   portable GUI applications for X Windows, Windows, and MacOS. DrScheme
   (currently under development, using MzScheme/MrEd) will incorporate
   project management, debugging, and modular analysis to provide a
   complete Scheme development environment for pedagogical and
   professional use.
     For information and online documentation for MzScheme, MrEd, and
   DrScheme, see
     http://www.cs.rice.edu/CS/PLT/packages/drscheme/

   Oaklisp is an seamless integration of Scheme with an object-oriented
   substrate. Available by anonymous ftp from
      f.gp.cs.cmu.edu:/usr/bap/oak/ftpable/ [128.2.250.164]
   or from
      ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/bap/oak/ftpable/
   and includes reference and implementation manuals. Written by Barak
   Pearlmutter <[e-mail]> and Kevin Lang <[e-mail]>.

   PC-Scheme (aka PCScheme, PC Scheme) is an implementation of Scheme
   originally written by Texas Instruments. TI made a version of the
   source code freely distributable in 1987. TI stopped supporting
   the code, and some researchers at the University of Geneva produced
   a cleaned-up version (see PCS/Geneva below). On July 13, 1992, Ibuki
   announced that it had purchased the rights to PC Scheme from TI.
   Please see the Ibuki PC Scheme entry in [2-2]. If you want a
   high-quality and supported implementation of PC Scheme, buy the
   Ibuki implementation. It is certainly inexpensive enough. Now TI
   PC-Scheme is available by anonymous ftp from
      swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/pc-scheme/
   and runs on MS-DOS 286/386 IBM PCs and compatibles. Version 3.3
   should run on the 486, but no guarantees. Version 3.3 is the last
   free version. TI PC-Scheme conforms to the Revised^3 Report on Scheme.
   It includes an optimizing compiler, an emacs-like editor, inspector,
   debugger, performance testing, foreign function interface, window
   system and an object-oriented subsystem. It also supports the dialect
   used in Abelson and Sussman's SICP.

   PCS/Geneva is a cleaned-up version of Texas Instrument's PC Scheme
   developed at the University of Geneva. The main extensions to PC
   Scheme are 486 support, BGI graphics, LIM-EMS pagination support, line
   editing, mouse support, assembly-level interfacing, and several
   powerful Scheme-oriented editors. (TI's PC Scheme gives users full
   Revised^3 support along with many primitives for DOS, Graphics and
   Text Windows. A powerful built-in optimizing compiler produces fast
   code.) PCS/Geneva 4.02PL1 has been tested on XTs, ATs, AT386s and
   AT486s under various DOS and OS/2 versions. It even runs on
   Hewlett-Packard's HP95LX. It also runs on Suns with a DOS emulator.
   PCS/Geneva is available free by anonymous ftp from
      cui.unige.ch:/PUBLIC/pcs/ [129.194.70.1]
   as the files pcscheme.doc, pcscheme.exe, pcscheme.fil and pcscheme.taz
   or by email (uuencoded) from [e-mail]. If you ftp
   PCS/Geneva, please send mail to [e-mail]; the authors
   like to know their public and will inform you when a new release is
   available. This is also the email address for bug reports or if you
   need any kind of help. This product may be distributed freely and
   used without restrictions except for military purposes.
   (PCS/Geneva was developed by Larry Bartholdi <[e-mail]>
   and Marc Vuilleumier <[e-mail]>.)

   Pixie Scheme for the Macintosh is a nearly complete implementation of
   R3RS available by anonymous ftp from
   rascal.ics.utexas.edu:/misc/mac/programming/
     Pixie.Goodies.SIT.bin
     Pixie.NoFPP.world.SIT.bin
     Pixie.world.SIT.bin
     PixieScheme.NoFPP.SIT.bin  ; for macs without floating-point coprocessor
     PixieScheme.SIT.bin        ; for macs with FPP
     Pixie_Scheme_Help.SIT.bin
     Pixie_intro
   Written by Jay Reynolds Freeman <[e-mail]>, P. O. Box 60628,
   Palo Alto, CA, 94306-0628. A copy may also be obtained from
     /afs/umich.edu/group/itd/archive/mac/development/languages
   as the file pixiescheme.cpt.hqx if your site runs the Andrew File System,
   or by anonymous ftp from mac.archive.umich.edu.

   Scheme->C is an R4RS compliant Scheme system that is centered around
   a compiler that compiles Scheme to C.  Besides the base language,
   the system includes "expansion passing style" macros, a foreign function
   call capability, records, weak pointers, 3 X11 interfaces, call/cc, and a
   generational, conservative, copying garbage collector. The result is a
   system that is portable, efficient, and able to build applications that
   contain a mix of compiled and interpreted Scheme, and compiled code
   from C, C++ and other languages.  The current release of Scheme->C runs
   on the following systems: Digital Alpha AXP systems with OSF/1, MIPS
   based DECstations, VAXen with ULTRIX, MIPS based SGI systems, PC's
   running Microsoft Windows 3.1, Apple Macintosh's running system 7.1,
   HP 9000/300, HP 9000/700, Sony News, Harris Nighthawk and other m88k
   systems, linux, Sun SPARC, and NT (Visual C++ compiler).  Earlier
   releases also run on Sun3, DNx500, DN1000, 386's running Unix,
   DNx500, and DN1000 systems.  The software is available for
   anonymous ftp from
      gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/DEC/Scheme-to-C/ [16.1.0.2]
   There are three interfaces to X11, all written in Scheme, available
   from gatekeeper. The first is a complete set of stubs to Xlib included
   in the base system.  The second is an alternative to Xlib called SCIX,
   found in
      gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/X11/contrib/
   The third, ezd, allows programs to easily
   produce interactive, structured graphics and is found in
      gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/DEC/ezd/
   Those without ftp access can also obtain Scheme->C and ezd from the
   Prime Time Freeware CD, Vol. 1, No. 2.  Additional information is
   available from the author at Digital Equipment Corporation's Western
   Research Lab: Joel Bartlett, [e-mail].

   Scheme 48 is a Scheme implementation based on a virtual machine
   architecture. Scheme 48 is designed to be straightforward, flexible,
   reliable, and fast. It should be easily portable to 32-bit
   byte-addressed machines that have POSIX and ANSI C support.
   In addition to the usual Scheme built-in procedures and a development
   environment, library software includes support for hygienic macros (as
   described in the Revised^4 Scheme report), multitasking, records,
   exception handling, hash tables, arrays, weak pointers, and FORMAT.
   Scheme 48 implements and exploits an experimental module system
   loosely derived from Standard ML and Scheme Xerox.  The development
   environment supports interactive changes to modules and interfaces.
   A beta release of Scheme 48 is available by anonymous ftp from
      ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/imp/scheme48-0.36.tar.Z
      swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/s48/scheme48-0.36.tar.gz
      ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/user/ai/lang/scheme/impl/s48/scheme48.tar.gz
   For more information, contact Richard Kelsey and Jonathan Rees
   at <[e-mail]>.

   Scsh is a Unix shell/systems programming environment implemented on top of
   Scheme 48 (a portable, byte-code compiled R4RS Scheme implementation). Scsh
   provides

       - A high-level macro notation for writing typical shell-script
     computations: running programs, pipelines, I/O redirection, and so
     forth. For example, to decompress a file and mail it to someone,
     you might say
       (run (| (gzcat home.html.gz)
           (mail -h "Here's my home page" [e-mail])))

     To spell check your paper, printing out the results, you could say:
       (run (| (delatex (< paper.tex))
           (spell)
           (lpr -Ppulp)))

       - A complete system-call interface to Unix: fork, exec, I/O, file
     system, time, env vars, and so forth. The I/O interface includes
     a *complete* interface to BSD sockets, both Unix and TCP/IP domains.
     I/O is completely integrated with Scheme ports. System calls return
     useful values, not error codes; errors are reported by raising
     exceptions which can be caught by handlers.

       - Other useful shell-programming utilities: filename globbing/pattern
     matching, regexp matching, macros for writing AWK-like programs, field
     and record parsers, and so forth.

       - The ability to write executable shell scripts using the Unix #!
     interpreter feature, with access to command-line argv values.

   These features are completely integrated into Scheme 48's R4RS Scheme
   implementation; the programming language is Scheme. The scsh release
   is self-contained -- it comes with its own complete Scheme 48
   implementation. Scsh currently runs on the following platforms: DEC Ultrix,
   Harris NightHawk, HP-UX, IBM AIX, Linux, NetBSD/i386, NeXTSTEP/Intel,
   SGI IRIX, Solaris, and SunOS. It's not hard to port scsh to new systems.
   |
   You can get a copy of scsh via anonymous ftp, from the following:
       ftp://clark.lcs.mit.edu/pub/su/scsh/scsh.tar.gz
       ftp://swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu/pub/su/scsh/scsh.tar.gz
   These tar files include a detailed manual and a paper describing
   the design of the system. For the lazily curious, we also have the
   manual separately available as
       ftp://clark.lcs.mit.edu/pub/su/scsh/scsh-manual.ps
       ftp://swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu/pub/su/scsh/scsh-manual.ps
   Scsh has been implemented by the Scheme Underground
       http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/su/su.html
   For further information, contact Olin Shivers <[e-mail]>,
       http://clark.lcs.mit.edu/~shivers/home.html


   SCM, free by anonymous ftp from
      swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/scm/
      prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/jacal/
      ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/new/
      ftp.maths.tcd.ie:/pub/bosullvn/jacal/
   Current version 4e1. Runs on Amiga, Atari-ST, MacOS, MS-DOS, OS/2,
   NOS/VE, VMS, Unix and similar systems. SCM conforms to the Revised^4
   Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme and the IEEE P1178
   specification. Scm is written in C.  ASCII and EBCDIC are supported.
   Written by Aubrey Jaffer.
      To receive an IBM PC floppy disk with the source files and MSDOS
   and i386 executables send $99 to Aubrey Jaffer, 84 Pleasant Street,
   Wakefield MA 01880, <[e-mail]>.
      SLIB (Standard Scheme Library) is a portable Scheme library
   which is intended to provide compatability and utility functions for
   all standard Scheme implementations, including SCM, Chez, Elk,
   Gambit, MacScheme, MITScheme, scheme->C, Scheme48, T3.1, and VSCM, and is
   available as the file slib2a0.tar.gz. Written by Aubrey Jaffer.
      JACAL is a symbolic math system written in Scheme, and is
   available as the file jacal1a4.tar.gz.
      SCMCONFIG contains additional files for the SCM distribution to build
   SCM on Unix machines using GNU autoconf.
      SLIB-PSD is a portable debugger for Scheme (requires emacs editor).
      TURTLSCM is a turtle graphics package which works with SCM on MSDOS
   or X11 machines. Written by Mkinen Sami <[e-mail]> and Jarkko
   Leppanen <[e-mail]>, it is available as the file turtlegr.tar.Z.
   (Also available from modeemi.cs.tut.fi:/pub/scm/ as turtlegr.tar.gz,
   along with an already-compiled MSDOS binary of scm with turtlegraphics
   and slib in scm4c0_b.zip.)
      XSCM is an X Windows interface to Xlib and the Motif and
   OpenLook toolkits for the SCM interpreter. It requires scm4a10 or
   later. It should be available at any archive of alt.sources, or on
   swiss-ftp, prep and indiana as the file xscm1.05.tar.Z.
   Contact [e-mail] for more information.
      SMG-SCM is a package that adds VMS SMG screen management routines
   to SCM. It is available from swiss-ftp, prep and indiana as the file
   sgm-scm2a1.zip. (A VMS version of Unzip is available by anonymous
   FTP from ftp.spc.edu:[ANONYMOUS.MACRO32]UNZIP.EXE.) This file
   contains the source code, documentation, and example code. Send
   comments and bugs to T. Kurt Bond, <[e-mail]> (preferred)
   or <[e-mail]>.
      WB is a disk based, sorted associative array C library (database). These
   associative arrays consist of variable length (less that 256 bytes)
   keys and values.  WB comes with an interface to SCM. Basic
   operations are creation, destruction, opening and closing of
   diskfiles and arrays, insertion, deletion, retrieval, successor, and
   predecessor (with respect to dictionary order of keys).  Functional
   application of find-next, deletion, and modification over a range of
   consecutive key values is supported. Multiple associative arrays
   can be stored in one disk file. Simultaneous access to multiple
   disk files is supported.  A structure checker, garbage collector
   are included.  A repair program and ram-disk type file (for
   temporary structures) are in developement. The current WB
   implementation has a file size limit of 2^32 * block size (default
   2048) = 2^43 bytes (8796 Gbytes). WB does its own memory and disk
   management. WB is available on swiss-ftp, prep, and indiana as wb1a1.tar.z.

      A Windows version of Scheme called WinScm is forthcoming from
   Vincent Manis of Langara College of BC, Canada.

      Hobbit is a Scheme-to-C compiler that works with the SCM Scheme
   interpreter. It treats SCM as a C library and integrates compiled
   functions into SCM as new primitives. Hobbit release 2 works with SCM
   release 4b4. Future releases of SCM and Hobbit will be coordinated.
   Hobbit imposes strong restrictions on the higher-order features of
   Scheme. For example, it does not support continuations.  The main aim
   of hobbit is to produce maximally fast C programs which would retain
   most of the original Scheme program structure, making the output C
   program readable and modifiable. Hobbit is written in Scheme and is
   able to self-compile. Hobbit can be obtained via anonymous ftp from
      swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/scm/hobbit2.tar.Z
      prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/jacal/hobbit2.tar.Z
      ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/new/hobbit2.tar.Z
   For further information, contact the author, Tanel Tammet, at
   <[e-mail]> or at Tanel Tammet, Department of Computer
   Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Go"teborg, Sweden.

   Similix is a Self-Applicable Partial Evaluator for a Subset of Scheme.
   Written by Anders Bondorf, Olivier Danvy, and Jesper J{\o}rgensen. It
   is available by anonymous ftp from
      ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/imp/
   as similix.tar.Z or from ftp.diku.dk:/pub/diku/dists/Similix.tar.Z. For
   more information, contact Anders Bondorf, DIKU, Department of Computer
   Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DK-2100
   Copenhagen, Denmark, or send email to [e-mail]. Similix conforms
   to the IEEE and R4RS standards, but also runs under R3RS Scheme. It
   runs in SCM, Chez Scheme and T3.1.

   SIOD (Scheme in One Defun), free by anonymous ftp from
        ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/imp/siod-v3.0-shar
        ftp.std.com:/pub/gjc/siod-3.0-shar
   or in any comp.sources.unix archive.  Runs on VAX/VMS, VAX UNIX, Sun3,
   Sun4, Amiga, Macintosh, MIPS, Cray, Windows NT/WIN32.  Small scheme
   implementation in C arranged as a set of subroutines that can be
   called from any main program for the purpose of introducing an
   interpreted extension language.  Compiles to ~42K bytes of
   executable.  Lisp calls C and C calls Lisp transparently. Version
   3.0 includes support for manipulation of Oracle and Digital RDB
   relational databases (SQL interface).
   Written by George Carrette <[e-mail]> or <[e-mail]>.

   STk is a R4RS Scheme interpreter which can access the Tk graphical
   package. All of the commands defined by the Tk toolkit are available
   to the STk interpreter, and Tk variables are reflected back into
   Scheme as Scheme variables. Callback is expressed in Scheme. Includes
   a CLOS-like OO extension called STklos, which provides multiple
   inheritance, generic functions, multi methods, and a true meta-object
   protocol.  A set of classes have been defined to manipulate Tk
   commands (menu, buttons, scales, canvas, canvas items) as Scheme
   objects. STk runs on Sparc (SUNOS 4.1.x), Dec 5xxx (Ultrix 4.2), SGI
   (Irix 4.05, 5.1.1), DEC Alpha, and Linux 1.0. STk is available by
   anonymous ftp from
      kaolin.unice.fr:/pub/STk-2.1.tar.gz [193.48.229.225]
   Please send bug reports, comments, and questions to Erick Gallesio,
   <[e-mail]>, Universite de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, ESSI - I3S
   Route des colles, BP 145, 06903 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX, FRANCE,
   phone [phone], fax [phone].
   To subscribe to the mailing list, send a message with
      subscribe
   in the Subject field to [e-mail].

   T3.1 is a Scheme-like language developed at Yale. Available by
   anonymous ftp from
       ftp.ai.mit.edu:/pub/systems/t3.1/
   T may be obtained in Europe from
       nic.funet.fi:/pub/unix/languages/scheme/t3.1/
       ftp.diku.dk:/pub/t3.1/
   Runs on DecStations (MIPS processor) and SGI Iris, Sun4
   (SPARC), Sun3, Vax/Unix. Includes a copy of the online version of the
   T manual and release notes for T3.0 and T3.1. All implementations
   include a foreign function (C) interface. To be informed of fixes, new
   releases, etc., send your email address to [e-mail]. Bug
   reports should go to [e-mail]. A multiprocessing version of
   T (for Encore Multimax) is available from masala.lcs.mit.edu:/pub/mult.
   [The sources were last modified November 22, 1991.]

   UMB Scheme is a R4RS Scheme available by anonymous ftp from
   ftp.cs.umb.edu:/pub/scheme/umb-scheme-2.10.tar.Z and also in the Scheme
   Repository. It includes a simple editor, debugger, Written by William
   Campbell, University of Massachusetts at Boston, [e-mail].

   VSCM is a R4RS Scheme available by anonymous ftp from the Scheme Repository,
     ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/imp/vscmV0r2.tar.Z [130.63.9.66]
   Written by Matthias Blume, <[e-mail]>. The
   implementation is based on a virtual machine design with heavy support
   for most of the sophisticated features of Scheme. The virtual machine
   is written in ANSI-C to aid in its portability. The bytecode compiler
   is written in Scheme itself. Documentation of VSCM is also available as
      http://www.cs.princeton.edu/grad/Matthias_Blume/vscm.html

   XScheme is available free by anonymous ftp from
      ftp.uu.net:/MSDOS/languages/X-scheme
      ftp.uu.net:/amiga-sources/xscheme.20.zoo
   It includes an object system and is R3RS compliant.
   It was written by David Michael Betz, 167 Villa Avenue #11, Los Gatos,
   CA 95032, 408-354-9303 (H), 408-862-6325 (W), [e-mail].
   XScheme is discussed in the newsgroup comp.lang.lisp.x.  It may also
   be found in the Scheme Repository.

Free Scheme Implementations implemented in Lisp:

   Peter Norvig's book "Paradigms of AI Programming" has a chapters about
   Scheme interpreters and compilers, both written in Common Lisp. The
   software from the book is available by anonymous ftp from
   unix.sri.com:/pub/norvig and on disk in Macintosh or DOS format from
   the publisher, Morgan Kaufmann.  For more information, contact: Morgan
   Kaufmann, Dept. P1, 2929 Campus Drive, Suite 260, San Mateo CA 94403,
   or call Toll free tel: [phone]; FAX: [phone]

   PseudoScheme is available free by anonymous ftp from
      ftp.cs.cornell.edu:/pub/jar/pseudo-2-9.tar.gz
      swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/pseudo/pseudo-2-8.tar.Z
   It is Scheme implemented on top of Common Lisp, and runs in Lucid,
   Symbolics CL, VAX Lisp under VMS, and Explorer CL. It should be
   easy to port to other Lisps. It was written by Jonathan Rees
   ([e-mail], [e-mail]). Send mail to
   [e-mail] to be put on a mailing list
   for announcements. Conforms to R4RS except for lacking a correct
   implementation of call/cc. It works by running the Scheme code
   through a preprocessor, which generates Common Lisp code.

   Scheme84 is in the public domain, and available by mail from Indiana
   University. It runs on the VAX in Franz Lisp under either VMS or BSD Unix.
   To receive a copy, send a tape and return postage to: Scheme84
   Distribution, Nancy Garrett, c/o Dan Friedman, Department of Computer
   Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. Call 1-812-335-9770
   or send mail to [e-mail] for more information. It will also
   run in Jeff Dalton's port of Franz Lisp to Net/Free/386BSD on 386-like
   machines.  (See the Lisp FAQ for information on Franz Lisp.)
   Scheme84 is available by anonymous FTP from
      ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/scheme-repository/imp/scheme84.tar.gz

   Scheme88 is available by anonymous ftp from rice.edu:/public/scheme88.sh
   and also from the Scheme Repository.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [2-2] Commercial Scheme implementations.

Chez Scheme:

   Chez Scheme Version 5 is a high-performance implementation of Scheme
   conforming to the IEEE/ANSI Scheme Standard and the R4RS.  Chez Scheme
   provides an incremental optimizing compiler, complete run-time library,
   generation-based garbage collector, interactive inspector, and C
   interface.  New Version 5 features include improved performance,
   lexical macros, multiple values, shared incremental heaps, guardians
   and weak pairs, and generic ports.  Version 5 is available for Sparc
   SunOS and Solaris, Alpha OSF/1, SGI IRIX 5.X, Motorola mc88000 SVR3/4,
   80386 NeXT Mach, BSDI BSD/386, and Linux.  More information on Chez
   Scheme can be obtained via anomymous ftp from
      ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme/chezscheme/
   Site license fees start at $9000 ($4500 academic).  We are not able to
   handle personal sales at this time.  For detailed pricing and ordering
   information contact [e-mail] or Kent Dybvig at
   [e-mail].  Cadence Research Systems, 3814 Devonshire South,
   Bloomington, IN 47408-9698, USA.  Phone [phone], fax [phone].

EdScheme, WinScheme Editor, 3DScheme, "The Schemer's Guide", and
"The Schemer's Guide to C++":

   Schemers Inc. publishes software and textbooks that promote the
   use and advancement of Scheme in the educational and commercial
   sectors. Their products include:

   +  The WinScheme Editor v2.0. This is a Windows full-featured MDI
      (Multiple Document Interface) editor for Scheme programs. It knows
      about Scheme syntax and contains comprehensive code formatting
      facilities. It provides a channel for sending programs direct to
      Windows-based Scheme interpreters, allowing users to develop, test,
      and edit Scheme code from within the editor. The WinScheme Editor
      also includes a substantial set of context-sensitive online
      documentation for the programming environment and the Scheme
      language.  The WinScheme Editor requires MS Windows 3.1 or later (with
      Win32s), Windows 95 or Windows NT with 2MB RAM and 3MB hard disk space.
      The retail price for the WinScheme Editor is $89.95.

   +  EdScheme for Windows v4.2a. This is an R4RS-compatible Windows-based
      Scheme interpreter. It is seamlessly integrated into the WinScheme
      Editor and provides a fully customizable transcript window that
      journals Scheme sessions and serves as a command window.  EdScheme
      can be customized by specifying a load-path, a start-up file of
      library procedures, and setting its level of Windows multi-tasking
      tolerance. EdScheme for Windows includes a turtle graphics
      interface, Windows API access for creating windows, dialogs, and
      interacting with the mouse, and an integrated debugging facility.
      EdScheme for Windows is a 32-bit application that requires MS
      Windows 3.1 or later (with Win32s), Windows 95 or Windows NT with
      4MB RAM and 4MB of hard disk space.  The retail price for EdScheme
      for Windows is $129.95. (Note: The WinScheme Editor is integrated
      into EdScheme and does not need to be ordered separately.)

   +  3DScheme for Windows v1.3. This is a Windows-based R4RS Scheme
      interpreter incorporating over 550 geometrical Scheme primitives that
      access Spatial Technology Inc's ACIS (R) Geometric Modeling Kernel,
      the de facto industry standard in 3D modeling. The 3D modeling
      features include:
        -  construction of solid bodies from blocks, cylinders, cone
           frustums, spheres, and toruses.
        -  construction of wire-bodies from straight, circular,
           elliptical, Bezier, and spline edges.
        -  construction of solids by extruding planar faces or
           profiles along a vector or revolving about an axis.
        -  application of rigid transformations, uniform scaling, and
           boolean operations.
        -  intersect, trim, fillet, and chain edges.
        -  simultaneous views of solids from several different angles.
        -  dynamically accepted event-driven input for picking,
           rubber banding, or dragging.
        -  rendering of solids using flat or Gouraud technology and
           configurable refinements, materials, texture spaces, and
           render lights.
        -  saving and loading collections of solid and wire entities
           from disk in .sat format.
        -  outputting rendered images as high resolution bitmaps or
           Postscript files.
      As with EdScheme for Windows, 3DScheme is seamlessly integrated with
      the WinScheme Editor.  3DScheme also ships with the "Getting Started
      with ACIS 3D Toolkit Using Scheme" book which is described below.
      3DScheme is a 32-bit application that requires MS Windows 3.1 or
      later (with Win32s), Windows 95 or Windows NT with 8MB RAM and 16MB
      of hard disk space.  A 3DScheme demo program is available from the
      Scheme repository in the "promo" directory or may be requested from
      Schemers Inc. 3DScheme for Windows retails for $495 (call for academic
      discount). (Note: The WinScheme Editor is integrated into 3DScheme and
    does not need to be ordered separately.)

   +  EdScheme for Macintosh v4.0. This is an R4RS-compatible
      Macintosh-based Scheme interpreter.  The programming environment
      takes advantage of the capabilities of the Macintosh computer.  Its
      user interface includes a full-featured integrated editor, with
      special capabilities such as parenthesis-matching, program
      formatting, file indexing, and template editing.  In addition,
      customized transcript and debugging windows featuring colored and
      styled text are provided.  The interpreter features a powerful and
      comprehensive turtle graphics interface, unlimited precision "bignum"
      integral and rational/complex number arithmetic, file handling
      facilities, and language extensions using macros and transformers.
      EdScheme for Macintosh runs from floppy or hard drive and requires a
      Mac Plus or later, System 6.0.4 or better, and 2MB RAM.  EdScheme for
      Macintosh retails for $59.95.

   +  EdScheme for DOS v3.4. This is a DOS-based Scheme interpreter that
      incorporates a large subset of R4RS.  EdScheme for DOS features an
      integrated editor with automatic parenthesis-matching, a turtle
      graphics interface, debugging facility, comprehensive file-handling
      capabilities, macros and more.  It runs from floppy or hard drive and
      requires MS DOS 3.3 or later and 512KB RAM.  EdScheme for DOS retails
      for $49.95.

   + "The Schemer's Guide - Second Edition" by Iain Ferguson with
     Edward Martin and Burt Kaufman.  Foreword by Daniel Friedman.
     (1995--346pp.--Paper--ISBN 0-9628745-2-3)
     The Schemer's Guide presents the elements of modern computer programming
     in an easy-to-follow and entertaining manner.  The book introduces
     students to the Scheme programming language, guiding them through such
     concepts as functional programming, recursion, data structures, higher
     order functions, delayed evaluation, and object-oriented programming.
     The Schemer's Guide concludes with a significant game-playing project
     involving artificial intelligence. The book strikes a good balance
     between theory and practice, while nurturing good programming
     practices.  The Schemer's Guide has a proven track record of several
     years use in teaching the art of Scheme programming to high school
     students and college undergraduates. A comprehensive teacher's guide
     and an additional set of resource materials including worksheets,
     quizzes, projects, and exams are available to instructors using this
     text.  The retail price of the book is $35.95. (A Spanish
     translation of "The Schemer's Guide" is available.)

   +  "The Schemer's Guide to C++" by Iain Ferguson
      (1996--92 pp.--Paper--ISBN 1-888579-11-0)
      The Schemer's Guide to C++ builds on the solid theoretical foundation
      provided by an increasing number of courses--such as those based on
      the introductory textbook, The Schemer's Guide--that introduce the
      principles of modern computer science via the Scheme language.  From
      this basis it provides students with a fundamental, pratical working
      knowledge of the programming language C++. The author uses his
      experience as a full-time, commercial programming professional to lead
      students step by step from the elegant principles of high level
      programming with which they are already familiar to the nitty-gritty
      of C++, but without ever losing sight of the computer science
      fundamentals that underlie good programming practice.  As in "The
      Schemer's Guide", students quickly learn to write complete,
      non-trivial programs, including the design and implementation of a
      modern container class library.  This unashamedly practical course is
      perfect for students and teachers who seek a clear, direct, fast-track
      path to learning C++.  The retail price of the book is $17.95.


   +  "Getting Started with ACIS 3D Toolkit Using Scheme" by Edward
      Martin.  (1995--260pp.--Paper--ISBN 0-9628745-1-5)
      This Getting Started book includes all you need to know about Scheme,
      mathematics, and solid modeling to become a skilled 3D modeler using
      3DScheme or the ACIS 3D Toolkit.  The retail price for the book is
      $35.95, but is included free with 3DScheme for Windows.

   For more information about these products, write to Schemers Inc.,
   2136 NE 68th Street, Suite 401, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308, call
   954-776-7376, or fax [phone]. You can also send EMail to
   [e-mail].

   Schemers' European distributor, Lambda Publications, is reachable by
   phone at 44-793-695296 or by EMail on [e-mail].

Gambit Scheme requires a license for commercial users. See the entry
in [2-1] for details.

Ibuki PC Scheme:

   Ibuki PC Scheme 5.01 is a modern, up-to-date implementation of TI
   PC-Scheme (see [2-1]). Ibuki purchased the rights to TI PC Scheme
   on July 13, 1992. Ibuki PC Scheme runs under DOS on all IBM
   compatible PCs, including 486s, and can use up to 4mb of extended
   memory. It will also run under Windows 3.1. For more information,
   contact IBUKI, 340 Second Street, PO Box 1627, Los Altos, CA 94022,
   phone [phone], fax [phone], email Richar Weyhrauch
   <[e-mail]>. Ibuki has a special pricing program for schools
   teaching Scheme in courses.

Inlab-Scheme:

  Inlab-Scheme is an independent implementation of the algorithmic
  language Scheme as defined by the R4RS and the IEEE Standard
  1178.  In addition to the language core Inlab-Scheme has support
  for bitmap/greymap processing of several kinds. Inlab-Scheme can
  be used as a general tool for image processing, OCR or specialized
  optical object and pattern recognition.

  Inlab-Scheme is distributed at <http://www.munich.net/inlab/scheme>,
  where additional information about the current state of the project,
  supported platforms, current license fees and more is available.

MacScheme:

   MacScheme is a Scheme interpreter and compiler for the Apple Macintosh, and
   includes an editor, debugger and object system.  MacScheme costs $125
   (includes compiler) and Scheme Express costs $70 (interpreter only). It
   requires 1mb RAM. A development environment (MacScheme+Toolsmith) costs
   $495. Conforms to the Revised^4 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme.
   MacScheme+Toolsmith includes support for menus, windows, and interfaces to
   the Macintosh Toolbox, and can create small standalone Macintosh
   executables. Implemented by Will Clinger, John Ulrich, Liz Heller and Eric
   Ost.  Write to: Lightship Software, PO Box 1636, Beaverton, OR 97075, or
   call [phone]. They're moving to California. The temporary phone
   number is 415-940-4008 (Liz Heller). The new phone number will be
   415-694-7799, or fax bug reports to 415-694-7705 or 800-441-5015.
   MacScheme is distributed by Academic Computing Specialists (ACS),
   2015 East 3300 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84109-2630, 1-800-531-3227
   or 1-800-552-1601 (801-484-3923), fax [phone]. These products
   may also be purchased from Academic Computing Specialists, PO Box
   711, Dewey, AZ 86327, tel [phone], fax [phone].

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [2-3] What Scheme-related discussion groups and mailing lists exist?

Before posting to any discussion group, please read the rest
of this FAQ, to make sure your question isn't already answered.

See the Lisp FAQ for a list of Lisp-related discussion groups and
mailing lists. We list here only those newsgroups and mailing lists
directly associated with Scheme.

Newsgroups:

   comp.lang.scheme        General Scheme-related discussion.
                           This newsgroup is available in digest
                           fromat as part of the Scheme Digest
                           [e-mail].
   comp.lang.scheme.c      Discussion of C-Scheme, a scheme dialect
                           more commonly known as "MIT Scheme".
                           This newsgroup is gatewayed to the
                           [e-mail] mailing list.
   comp.lang.scheme.scsh   Discussion of Scsh, the ``Scheme Shell'', a UNIX
               shell/systems programming environment implemented
               on top of Scheme 48 (a portable, byte-code
               compiled R4RS Scheme implementation).
               This newsgroup is gatewayed to the
               [e-mail] mailing list.
   comp.lang.lisp.x        Discussion of XLISP, a dialect of Lisp, and XScheme.
   comp.lang.dylan         Discussion of Dylan (see [4-6]), Apple's
                           new Scheme-like programming language. Gatewayed to
                           [e-mail].

We list several mailing lists below. In general, to be added to
a mailing list, send mail to the "-request" version of the address.
This avoids flooding the mailing list with annoying and trivial
administrative requests. [To subscribe to info-mcl, info-dylan, or
other mailing lists based at cambridge.apple.com, send a message to
[e-mail] with "subscribe <list_name>" in the
message body. Likewise use "unsubscribe <list_name>" to cancel your
subscription and "help" to get help.]


General Scheme Mailing Lists:

   [e-mail]           Discussion of Scheme. Gatewayed to
                                   the comp.lang.scheme newsgroup.
   [e-mail]               General discussion about Scheme.


Particular Flavors of Scheme:

   [e-mail],
   [e-mail]  C-Scheme. Gatewayed to the
                                   comp.lang.scheme.c newsgroup.

   [e-mail]           T, a dialect of Scheme.

   [e-mail]    PseudoScheme

   [e-mail]  Dylan (not really scheme, but)

----------------------------------------------------------------
;;; *EOF*