ftp.pasteur.org/FAQ/

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ ftp.pasteur.org/FAQ/ / ftp-pasteur-org-FAQ.zip / FAQ / pgp-faq / mini-overview < prev next >

Wrap

Internet Message Format | 1995-05-18 | 18.3 KB

Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!faqserv From: Andre Bacard <abacard@well.sf.ca.us> Newsgroups: alt.security.pgp,talk.politics.crypto,sci.crypt,alt.privacy,comp.society.privacy,comp.privacy,alt.answers,comp.answers,sci.answers,talk.answers,news.answers Subject: PGP miniFAQ Followup-To: poster Date: 17 May 1995 16:10:44 GMT Organization: none Lines: 443 Approved: news-answers-request@mit.edu Expires: 21 Jun 1995 16:06:54 GMT Message-ID: <pgp-faq/mini-overview_800726814@rtfm.mit.edu> Reply-To: Andre Bacard <abacard@well.sf.ca.us> NNTP-Posting-Host: bloom-picayune.mit.edu X-Last-Updated: 1995/05/17 Originator: faqserv@bloom-picayune.MIT.EDU Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu alt.security.pgp:34043 talk.politics.crypto:9965 sci.crypt:38913 alt.privacy:25011 comp.society.privacy:3941 alt.answers:9337 comp.answers:11946 sci.answers:2633 talk.answers:711 news.answers:44253 Archive-name: pgp-faq/mini-overview Last-modifed: 95/2/25 Distribution-agent: ldetweil@csn.org (This document has been brought to you in part by CRAM. See the bottom for more information, including instructions on how to obtain updates.) === -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- *** Frequently Asked Questions about PGP *** by Andre Bacard, Author of> THE COMPUTER PRIVACY HANDBOOK [Version February 25, 1995] ============================================================ This article offers a nontechnical overview of PGP to help you decide whether or not to use this globally popular computer software to safeguard your computer files and e-mail. I have written this especially for persons with a sense of humor. You may distribute this (unaltered) FAQ for non-commercial purposes. =========================================================== What is PGP? PGP (also called "Pretty Good Privacy") is a computer program that encrypts (scrambles) and decrypts (unscrambles) data. For example, PGP can encrypt "Andre" so that it reads "457mRT&%$354." Your computer can decrypt this garble back into "Andre" if you have PGP. Who created PGP? Philip Zimmermann <prz@acm.org> wrote the initial program. Phil, a a hero to many pro-privacy activists, works as a computer security consultant in Boulder, Colorado. Phil Zimmermann, Peter Gutmann, Hal Finney, Branko Lankester and other programmers around the globe have created subsequent PGP versions and shells. PGP uses the RSA public-key encryption system. RSA was announced in 1977 by its inventors: Ronald Rivest of MIT, Adi Shamir of the Weizmann Institute in Israel, and Leonard Adelman of USC. It is called "RSA" after the initials of these men. PGP also employs an encryption system called IDEA which surfaced in 1990 due to Xuejia Lai and James Massey's inventiveness. Who uses PGP encryption [or other RSA-based systems]? People who value privacy use PGP. Politicians running election campaigns, taxpayers storing IRS records, therapists protecting clients' files, entrepreneurs guarding trade secrets, journalists protecting their sources, and people seeking romance are a few of the law abiding citizens who use PGP to keep their computer files and their e-mail confidential. Businesses also use PGP. Suppose you're a corporate manager and you need to e-mail an employee about his job performance. You may be required by law to keep this e- mail confidential. Suppose you're a saleswoman, and you must communicate over public computer networks with a branch office about your customer list. You may be compelled by your company and the law to keep this list confidential. These are a few reasons why businesses use encryption to protect their customers, their employees, and themselves. PGP also helps secure financial transactions. For example, the Electronic Frontier Foundations uses PGP to encrypt members' charge account numbers, so that members can pay dues via e-mail. Thomas G. Donlan, an editor at BARRON'S [a financial publication related to THE WALL STREET JOURNAL], wrote a full-page editorial in the April 25, 1994 BARRON'S entitled "Privacy and Security: Computer Technology Opens Secrets, And Closes Them." Mr. Donlan wrote, in part: RSA Data Security, the company founded by the three inventors, has hundreds of satisfied customers, including Microsoft, Apple, Novell, Sun, AT&T and Lotus. Versions of RSA are available for almost any personal computer or workstation, many of them built into the operating systems. Lotus Notes, the network communications system, automatically encrypts all it messages using RSA. Other companies have similar products designed around the same basic concept, and some versions are available for free on computer bulletin boards. Donlan continues: Without security, the Internet is little more than the world's biggest bulletin board. With security, it could become the information supermarket of the world. RSA lets people and banks feels secure putting their credit-card numbers on the public network. Although it still seems that computers created an age of snoopery, the age of privacy is at hand. Aren't computers and e-mail already safe? Your computer files (unless encrypted) can be read by anyone with access to your machine. E-mail is notoriously unsafe. Typical e-mail travels through many computers. The persons who run these computers can read, copy, and store your mail. Many competitors and voyeurs are highly motivated to intercept e-mail. Sending your business, legal, and personal mail through computers is even less confidential than sending the same material on a postcard. PGP is one secure "envelope" that keeps busybodies, competitors, and criminals from victimizing you. I have nothing to hide. Why do I need privacy? Show me a human being who has no secrets from her family, her neighbors, or her colleagues, and I'll show you someone who is either an extraordinary exhibitionist or an incredible dullard. Show me a business that has no trade secrets or confidential records, and I'll show you a business that is not very successful. On a lighter note, a college student wrote me the following: "I had a part-time job at a dry cleaner. One day I returned a diamond ring that I'd found in a man's coat pocket to his wife. Unfortunately, it was NOT her ring! It belonged to her husband's girlfriend. His wife was furious and divorced her husband over this incident. My boss told me: 'Return jewelry ONLY to the person whose clothes you found it in, and NEVER return underwear that you find in pockets!' Until that moment, I thought my boss was a finicky woman. But she taught me the need for PGP." Privacy, discretion, confidentiality, and prudence are hallmarks of civilization. I've heard police say that encryption should be outlawed because criminals use it to avoid detection. Is this true? The next time you hear someone say this, ask him if he wants to outlaw the likes of Thomas Jefferson, the "Father of American Cryptography." Many governments, corporations, and law enforcement agencies use encryption to hide their operations. Yes, a few criminals also use encryption. Criminals are more likely to use cars, gloves, and ski-masks to evade capture. PGP is "encryption for the masses." It gives average law abiding citizens a few of the privacy rights which governments and corporations insist that they need for themselves. How does PGP work? PGP is a type of "public key cryptography." When you start using PGP, the program generates two "keys" that belong uniquely to you. Think of these keys as computer counterparts of the keys in your pocket. One PGP key is SECRET and stays in your computer. The other key is PUBLIC. You give this second key to your correspondents. Here is a sample PUBLIC KEY: - - - -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: 2.7 mQA9Ai2wD2YAAAEBgJ18cV7rMAFv7P3eBd/cZayI8EEO6XGYkhEO9SLJOw+DFyHg Px5o+IiR2A6Fh+HguQAFEbQZZGVtbyA8ZGVtb0B3ZWxsLnNmLmNhLnVzPokARQIF EC2wD4yR2A6Fh+HguQEB3xcBfRTi3D/2qdU3TosScYMAHfgfUwCelbb6wikSxoF5 ees9DL9QMzPZXCioh42dEUXP0g== =sw5W - - - -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Suppose the PUBLIC KEY listed above belongs to you and that you e-mail it to me. I can store your PUBLIC KEY in my PGP program and use your PUBLIC KEY to encrypt a message that only you can read. One beauty of PGP is that you can advertise your PUBLIC KEY the same way that you can give out your telephone number. If I have your telephone nber, I can call your telephone; however, I cannot answer your telephone. Similarly, if I have your PUBLIC KEY, I can send you mail; however, I cannot read your mail. This PUBLIC KEY concept might sound a bit mysterious at first. However, it bcomes very clear when you play with PGP for awhile. How safe is PGP? Will it really protect my privacy? Perhaps your government or your mother-in-law can "break" PGP messages by using supercomputers and\or pure brilliance. I have no way of knowing. Three facts are certain. First, top-rate civilian cryptographers and computer experts have tried unsuccessfully to break PGP. Second, whoever proves that he or she can unravel PGP will earn quick fame in crypto circles. He or she will be applauded at banquets and attract grant money. Third, PGP's programmers will broadcast this news at once. Almost daily, someone posts a notice such as "PGP Broken by Omaha Teenager." Take these claims with a grain of salt. The crypto world attracts its share of paranoids, provocateurs, and UFO aliens. To date, nobody has publicly demonstrated the skill to outsmart or outmuscle PGP. Is PGP available for my machine? Versions are available for DOS and Windows, as well as various Unixes, Macintosh, Amiga, Atari ST, OS/2, and CompuServe's WinCIM & CSNav. Many persons are working to expand PGP's usability. Read the Usenet alt.security.pgp news group for the latest developments. Are these versions of PGP mutually compatible? Yes. For example, a document encrypted with PGP on a PC can be decrypted with someone using PGP on a Unix machine. As of September 1, 1994, Versions 2.6 and higher can read previous versions. However, pre-2.6 versions can no longer read the newer versions. I strongly recommend that everyone upgrade to Versions 2.6.2 or 2.7. Where do I get PGP? For computer non-experts, the easiest way to get PGP is to telephone ViaCrypt (a software company) in Phoenix, Arizona at (602) 944-0773. PGP is available from countless BBSs (Bulletin Board Systems) and ftp ("File Transfer Protocol") sites around the world. These sites, like video stores, come and go. To find PGP, here are two options: 1) Learn how to use ARCHIE to search for files on the Internet. 2) Read BOARDWATCH magazine to find the BBSs in your area. How expensive is PGP? The PGP versions that you will find at BBSs and ftp sites are "freeware." This means that they are free. People from New Zealand to Mexico use these versions every day. Depending on where you live, this "freeware" may or may not violate local laws. I use PGP Version 2.7 which is distributed by ViaCrypt in the United States [see below]. Is PGP legal in the United States? Yes. MIT's PGP Version is licensed for non-commercial use. You can it from ftp sites or BBSs. ViaCrypt's PGP Version is licensed for commercial use. You can get it from ViaCrypt. +++ Important Note +++. It is illegal to export PGP out of the United States. Do not even think of doing so! To communicate with friends in, say, England, have your friends get PGP from sources outside the United States. What is a PGP digital signature? At the end of this document, you will see a PGP signature. This "digital signature" allows persons who have PGP and my PUBLIC KEY to verify that 1) I, Andre Bacard, (not a SPORTS ILLUSTRATED superstar pretending to be me!) wrote this document, and 2) Nobody has altered this text since I signed it. PGP signatures might be helpful for signing contracts, transferring money, and verifying a person's identity. How difficult is it to learn PGP? PGP has around two dozen commands. It is a relatively easy program to learn. Where can I learn more about the PGP and related subjects? The following News Groups are a good place to start: alt.privacy [to hear about electronic privacy issues] alt.security.pgp [to learn everything known about PGP] talk.politics.crypto [to keep abreast of legal & political changes] Anything else I should know? YOUR privacy and safety are in danger! The black market price for your IRS records is $500. YOUR medical records are even cheaper. Prolific bank, credit and medical databases, the Clipper Chip Initiative, computer matching programs, cordless & cellular phone scanners, Digital Telephony legislation, and (hidden) video surveillance are just a few factors that threaten every law abiding citizen. Our anti-privacy society gives criminals and snoops computer data about YOU on a silver platter. If you want to protect your privacy, I urge you to join organizations such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation <membership@eff.org>. *************************************************************** Bacard wrote "The Computer Privacy "Privacy permits you Handbook: A Practical Guide to E-Mail to be yourself." Encryption, Data Protection, and PGP Privacy Software" [for novices/experts]. Introduction by Mitchell Kapor, Co-Founder of Electronic Frontier Foundation and Creator of Lotus1-2-3. Book Available Spring 1995. Write for Details [Bacard has been interviewed on hundreds of radio-talk shows about his previous book ("Hunger for Power"), technology, and society.] ***************************************************************** -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: 2.7 iQCVAwUBL1ZcUt6pT6nCx/9/AQEczQP+P0yOdeVy06PGQRCeLuBdSEvI1ajvkP2C GEFuSBz3y7t+/qitEUbHAvgwS5lRfAS2KdE2tldAoyChPY+7+DapZYE039daoxuz hbkPQKn0Y9tzaLuqpzk0VqAr8m4liAI9ZLui50O24mp7TncmOuict0+0QDPF80An Pt2BT32+7TM= =UL89 -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- === DISTRIBUTION: How to obtain this document This document has been brought to you in part by CRAM, involved in the redistribution of valuable information to a wider USENET audience (see below). The most recent version of this document can be obtained via the author's instructions above. The following directions apply to retrieve the possibly less-current USENET FAQ version. FTP --- This FAQ is available from the standard FAQ server rtfm.mit.edu via FTP in the file /pub/usenet/news.answers Email ----- Email requests for FAQs go to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with commands on lines in the message body, e.g. `help' and `index'. Usenet ------ This FAQ is posted every 21 days to the groups alt.security.pgp talk.politics.crypto sci.crypt alt.privacy comp.society.privacy comp.privacy alt.answers comp.answers sci.answers news.answers _ _, _ ___ _, __, _, _ _, ___ _ _, _, _ _ _, __, _, _ _ ___ __, | |\ | |_ / \ | ) |\/| / \ | | / \ |\ | | (_ | ) / \ | | |_ | ) | | \| | \ / |~\ | | |~| | | \ / | \| | , ) |~ \ / |/\| | |~\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ === CRAM: The Cyberspatial Reality Advancement Movement In an effort to bring valuable information to the masses, and as a service to motivated information compilers, a member of CRAM can help others unfamiliar with Usenet `publish' their documents for widespread dissemination via the FAQ structure, and act as a `sponsor' knowledgable in the submissions process. This document is being distributed under this arrangement. We have found these compilations tend to appear on various mailing lists and are valuable enough to deserve wider distribution. If you know of an existing compilation of Internet information that is not currently a FAQ, please contact us and we may `sponsor' it. The benefits to the author include: - use of the existing FAQ infrastructure for distribution: - automated mail server service - FTP archival - automated posting - a far wider audience that can improve the quality, accuracy, and coverage of the document enormously through email feedback - potential professional inquiries for the use of your document in other settings, such as newsletters, books, etc. - with us as your sponsor, we will also take care of the technicalities in the proper format of the posted version and updating procedures, leaving you free of the `overhead' to focus on the basic updates alone The choice of who we `sponsor' is entirely arbitrary. You always have the option of handling the submission process yourself. See the FAQ submission guidelines FAQ in news.answers. For information, send mail to <ldetweil@csn.org>. \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | / / / / / / / / / / _______ ________ _____ _____ _____ /// \\\ ||| \\\ /// \\\ |||\\\///||| ||| ~~ ||| /// ||| ||| ||| \\// ||| ||| __ |||~~~\\\ |||~~~||| ||| ~~ ||| \\\ /// ||| \\\ ||| ||| ||| ||| ~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ / / / / / / / / / | \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ C y b e r s p a t i a l R e a l i t y A d v a n c e m e n t M o v e m e n t * CIVILIZING CYBERSPACE: send `info cypherwonks' to majordomo@lists.eunet.fi *