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- From: offerman@einstein.et.tudelft.nl (Aad Offerman)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.chips,comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.systems,comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.misc,comp.ibm.pc.hardware,comp.sys.ibm.pc.misc,comp.sys.intel,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: Personal Computer CHIPLIST 9.9.5 part 1 of 5
- Supersedes: <6no0uc$ule$1@delphi.et.tudelft.nl>
- Followup-To: poster
- Date: 27 Jul 1998 20:25:00 GMT
- Organization: Delft University of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering
- Lines: 772
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU
- Expires: 30 December 1998 00:00:00 MET
- Message-ID: <6pinms$gs4$1@delphi.et.tudelft.nl>
- Reply-To: offerman@einstein.et.tudelft.nl
- NNTP-Posting-Host: einstein.et.tudelft.nl
- Summary: This list contains the various CPUs and NPXs and their features,
- used in the IBM PC, IBM PC/XT, IBM PC/AT, IBM PS/2 and compatibles,
- and the differences between them.
- Keywords: PC, CPU, NPX
- X-Newsreader: NN version 6.5.0 #2 (NOV)
- Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.chips:238353 comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.systems:71812 comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.misc:122320 comp.sys.ibm.pc.misc:103699 comp.sys.intel:155259 comp.answers:32479 news.answers:136701
-
- Archive-name: pc-hardware-faq/chiplist/part1
- Last-modified: 1998/06/14
- Version: 9.9.5
-
- CHIPLIST 9.9.5 by Aad Offerman, 1998/07/26.
-
-
- A. Offerman
- Bonnweg 40
- 3137NE Vlaardingen
- The Netherlands
- +31-(0)10-4745386
- +31-(0)6-54795060
-
-
- Since there are a lot of questions about the differences between the various
- chips used in the IBM PC, IBM PC/XT, IBM PC/AT, IBM PS/2 and compatibles, this
- list, containing their CPUs and NPXs, has been compiled for the benefit of
- the net community. I hope it can answer some questions.
-
- This list is the result of collecting many snippets of information from
- USENET News and data books. Furthermore, various contributors and others have
- helped to make this list to what it is today. Thank you all.
-
- Any corrections, additions, or comments are welcome. Please reply by E-mail
- to:
- offerman@einstein.et.tudelft.nl
-
- This list is cross-posted about once every month to the following newsgroups:
- comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.chips
- comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.systems
- comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.misc
- comp.ibm.pc.hardware
- comp.sys.ibm.pc.misc
- comp.sys.intel
- comp.answers
- news.answers
-
- The latest version of this list can also be obtained from:
- rtfm.mit.edu /pub/usenet/news.answers/pc-hardware-faq/chiplist/
- ftp.twi.tudelft.nl /pub/texts/chiplist/chiplist.asc
-
- The WWW HTML version of the latest Chiplist is available at:
- http://einstein.et.tudelft.nl/~offerman/chiplist.html
-
- The complete Chiplist in a single WWW HTML document is available at:
- http://einstein.et.tudelft.nl/~offerman/chiplist.long.html
-
-
-
-
- Contents
-
-
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Identification
- 1.2 Packages
- 1.3 Semiconductor processes
- 1.4 JEDEC (Joint Electronic Device Engeneering Council)
- 1.5 Manufacturers
- 1.5.1 Intel
- 1.5.2 AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
- 1.5.3 IBM (International Bussiness Machines)
- 1.5.4 Chips & Technologies
- 1.5.5 Cyrix
- 1.5.6 Texas Instruments
- 1.5.7 UMC
- 1.5.8 NexGen
- 1.5.9 IIT (Integrated Information Technology)
- 1.5.10 Motorola
- 1.5.11 Apple
- 1.5.12 HP
- 1.5.13 DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation)
- 1.5.14 Renaissance Microsystems Inc.
- 1.5.15 IDT (Integrated Device Technology)
- 1.6 References
-
- 2 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Intel i4004 CPU
- 2.3 Intel i4040 CPU
- 2.4 Intel i8008 CPU
- 2.5 Intel i8080/i8080A CPU
- 2.6 Zilog Z80 CPU
- 2.7 Intel i8085A/i8085AH CPU
- 2.8 Intel i8086A/i80C86A CPU, Intel i8088A/i80C88A CPU
- 2.8.1 Intel i8086A/i80C86A CPU
- 2.8.2 Intel i8088A/i80C88A CPU
- 2.9 AMD Am8086/Am80C86 CPU, AMD Am8088/Am80C88 CPU
- 2.9.1 AMD Am8086/Am80C86 CPU
- 2.9.2 AMD Am8088/Am80C88 CPU
- 2.10 Harris HS80C86/883 CPU, Harris HS80C88/883 CPU
- 2.10.1 Harris HS80C86/883 CPU
- 2.10.2 Harris HS80C88/883 CPU
- 2.11 Siemens SAB8086 CPU, Siemens SAB8088 CPU
- 2.11.1 Siemens SAB8086 CPU
- 2.11.2 Siemens SAB8088 CPU
- 2.12 Hitachi H80C88 CPU
- 2.13 Contemporary CPUs
- 2.14 Intel i80186/i80C186 CPU, Intel i80188/i80C188 CPU
- 2.14.1 Intel i80186/i80C186 CPU
- 2.14.2 Intel i80188/i80C188 CPU
- 2.15 AMD Am80186/Am80188 CPU
- 2.15.1 AMD Am80L186 CPU
- 2.15.2 AMD Am80L188 CPU
- 2.15.3 AMD Am186EM CPU
- 2.16 NEC V30/V20 CPU
- 2.16.1 NEC V30 CPU
- 2.16.2 NEC V20 CPU
- 2.17 Siemens SAB80186 CPU, Siemens SAB80188 CPU
- 2.17.1 Siemens SAB80186 CPU
- 2.17.2 Siemens SAB80188 CPU
- 2.18 Intel i80886 CPU
- 2.19 Intel i80286 CPU
- 2.20 AMD Am80286/Am80C286 CPU
- 2.21 Harris 80C286 CPU
- 2.22 Siemens SAB80286 CPU
- 2.23 Fujitsu 80286 CPU
- 2.24 Kruger 80286 CPU
- 2.25 Intel i80386 CPU
- 2.25.1 Intel i80386/i80386DX CPU
- 2.25.2 Intel i80386SX CPU
- 2.25.3 Intel i80386SL CPU
- 2.25.4 Intel RapidCAD CPU
- 2.25.5 Intel i80376 microprocessor
- 2.25.6 Intel i386SX microprocessor
- 2.25.7 Intel i386CX microprocessor
- 2.25.8 Intel i386EX microprocessor
- 2.26 AMD Am386 CPU
- 2.26.1 AMD Am386DX CPU
- 2.26.2 AMD Am386DXL CPU
- 2.26.3 AMD Am386DXLV CPU
- 2.26.4 AMD Am386SX CPU
- 2.26.5 AMD Am386SXL CPU
- 2.26.6 AMD Am386SXLV CPU
- 2.26.7 AMD Am386DE CPU
- 2.26.8 AMD Am386SE CPU
- 2.26.9 AMD Am386EM CPU
- 2.27 IBM 386 CPU
- 2.27.1 IBM 386SLC CPU
- 2.28 Chips & Technologies 386 CPU
- 2.28.1 Chips & Technologies Super386 38600DX CPU
- 2.28.2 Chips & Technologies 38605DX CPU
- 2.28.3 Chips & Technologies 38600SX CPU
- 2.29 IBM 386/486 hybrid CPU
- 2.29.1 IBM 486DLC CPU
- 2.29.2 IBM 486DLC2 CPU
- 2.29.3 IBM 486SLC CPU
- 2.29.4 IBM 486SLC2 CPU
- 2.29.5 IBM 486BLX CPU (Blue Lightning)
- 2.29.6 IBM 486BLX2 CPU (Blue Lightning)
- 2.29.7 IBM 486BLX3 CPU (Blue Lightning)
- 2.30 Cyrix 386/486 hybrid CPU
- 2.30.1 Cyrix Cx486DLC CPU
- 2.30.2 Cyrix Cx486SLC CPU
- 2.30.3 Cyrix Cx486SLC/e CPU
- 2.30.4 Cyrix Cx486SLC/e-V CPU
- 2.30.5 Cyrix Cx486DLC / Cx486SLC CPU incompatibilities
- 2.30.6 Cyrix Cx486DLC2 CPU
- 2.30.7 Cyrix Cx486SLC2 CPU
- 2.30.8 Cyrix Cx486DRx CPU
- 2.30.9 Cyrix Cx486SRx CPU
- 2.30.10 Cyrix Cx486DRx2 CPU
- 2.30.11 Cyrix Cx486SRx2 CPU
- 2.30.12 Cyrix Cx486DRu CPU
- 2.30.13 Cyrix Cx486SRu CPU
- 2.30.14 Cyrix Cx486DRu2 CPU
- 2.30.15 Cyrix Cx486SRu2 CPU
- 2.31 Texas Instruments 386/486 hybrid CPU
- 2.31.1 Texas Instruments TI486DLC CPU
- 2.31.2 Texas Instruments TI486SLC CPU
- 2.31.3 Texas Instruments TI486SXL-S-GA CPU (Potomac)
- 2.31.4 Texas Instruments TI486SXL-VS-GA CPU (Potomac)
- 2.31.5 Texas Instruments TI486SXL2-S-GA CPU (Potomac)
- 2.31.6 Texas Instruments TI486SXL2-VS-GA CPU (Potomac)
- 2.31.7 Texas Instruments TI486SXLC-PAF CPU (Potomac)
- 2.31.8 Texas Instruments TI486SXLC-V-PAF CPU (Potomac)
- 2.31.9 Texas Instruments TI486SXLC2-PAF CPU (Potomac)
- 2.31.10 Texas Instruments TI486SXLC2-V-PAF CPU (Potomac)
- 2.31.11 Texas Instruments announcements
- 2.32 Intel i80486 CPU
- 2.32.1 Intel i80486DX P4 CPU
- 2.32.2 Intel i80486SL CPU
- 2.32.3 Intel i80486DXL CPU
- 2.32.4 Intel i80486SX P23 CPU
- 2.32.5 Intel i80486SXL CPU
- 2.32.6 Intel i80486DX2 P24 CPU
- 2.32.7 Intel i80486DX4 P24C CPU
- 2.32.8 Intel i80486SX2 CPU
- 2.33 AMD Am486 CPU
- 2.33.1 AMD Am486DX CPU
- 2.33.2 AMD Am486DXL CPU
- 2.33.3 AMD Am486DXLV CPU
- 2.33.4 AMD Am486DX2 CPU
- 2.33.5 AMD Am486DXL2 CPU
- 2.33.6 AMD Am486DX4 CPU
- 2.33.7 AMD Am486SX CPU
- 2.33.8 AMD Am486SXLV CPU
- 2.33.9 AMD Am486SX2 CPU
- 2.33.10 AMD Am486SE CPU
- 2.33.11 AMD Am486DX4 SE CPU
- 2.33.12 AMD Am5x86 X5 CPU
- 2.34 IBM 80486 CPU
- 2.34.1 IBM 80486DX CPU
- 2.34.2 IBM 80486SX CPU
- 2.34.3 IBM 80486BLDX2 CPU (Blue Lightning)
- 2.35 IBM 5x86C CPU
- 2.36 Cyrix Cx486 CPU
- 2.36.1 Cyrix FasCache Cx486D CPU
- 2.36.2 Cyrix FasCache Cx486S CPU
- 2.36.3 Cyrix FasCache Cx486S/e CPU
- 2.36.4 Cyrix FasCache Cx486S-V CPU
- 2.36.5 Cyrix FasCache Cx486S2 CPU
- 2.36.6 Cyrix FasCache Cx486S2/e CPU
- 2.36.7 Cyrix FasCache Cx486S2-V CPU
- 2.36.8 Cyrix FasCache Cx486DX CPU
- 2.36.9 Cyrix FasCache Cx486DX-V33 CPU
- 2.36.10 Cyrix FasCache Cx486DX2 CPU
- 2.36.11 Cyrix FasCache Cx486DX2-V33 CPU
- 2.36.12 Cyrix FasCache Cx486DX2-V CPU
- 2.36.13 Cyrix FasCache Cx486DX4 CPU
- 2.36.14 Cyrix 5x86 CPU
- 2.37 Texas Instruments TI486 CPU
- 2.37.1 Texas Instruments TI486SXL-GA CPU (Potomac)
- 2.37.2 Texas Instruments TI486SXL-V-GA CPU (Potomac)
- 2.37.3 Texas Instruments TI486SXL2-GA CPU (Potomac)
- 2.37.4 Texas Instruments TI486SXL2-V-GA CPU (Potomac)
- 2.37.5 Texas Instruments TI486DX2 CPU
- 2.37.6 Texas Instruments TI486DX4 CPU
- 2.38 SGS-Thomson ST486 CPU
- 2.38.1 SGS-Thomson ST486DX2 CPU
- 2.39 UMC 486 CPU
- 2.39.1 UMC U5S CPU
- 2.39.2 UMC U5SD CPU
- 2.39.3 UMC U5SF CPU
- 2.39.4 UMC U5SLV CPU
- 2.39.5 UMC U5FLV CPU
- 2.39.6 UMC U486DX2 CPU
- 2.39.7 UMC U486SX2 CPU
- 2.40 Intel OverDrive CPU for Intel i80486 CPU
- 2.40.1 Intel i80486DX2 CPU for Intel i80486DX CPU (ODPR)
- 2.40.2 Intel i80486DX2 CPU for Intel i80486SX CPU (ODPR)
- 2.40.3 Intel i80486DX2 CPU for Intel i80486DX CPU (ODP)
- 2.40.4 Intel i80486DX2 CPU for Intel i80486SX CPU (ODP)
- 2.40.5 Intel i80486DX4 CPU for Intel i80486DX CPU, Intel i80486DX2 CPU (ODP)
- 2.40.6 Intel Pentium P24T CPU (ODP)
- 2.40.7 Intel Pentium P24CT CPU (ODP)
- 2.41 Cyrix Overdrive CPU
- 2.42 Intel Pentium CPU
- 2.42.1 Intel Pentium P5 CPU
- 2.42.2 Intel Pentium P54C CPU
- 2.43 Intel OverDrive CPU for Intel Pentium CPU
- 2.43.1 Intel Pentium P54M CPU
- 2.43.2 Intel Pentium OverDrive CPU
- 2.44 AMD K5 CPU (K86 series)
- 2.44.1 AMD 5k86 K5 CPU (K86 series)
- 2.44.2 AMD 5k86 SSA/5 CPU (K86 series)
- 2.45 Cyrix 586 CPU
- 2.45.1 Cyrix Cx5x86 CPU
- 2.46 NexGen Nx586/Nx587 CPU chipset
- 2.47 Intel Pentium Pro P6 CPU
- 2.47.1 Intel Pentium Pro P6L CPU
- 2.48 Intel OverDrive CPU
- 2.48.1 Intel OverDrive P6T CPU
- 2.49 IBM 6x86 CPU
- 2.49.1 IBM 6x86 CPU
- 2.49.2 IBM 6x86L CPU
- 2.50 Cyrix 6x86 CPU
- 2.51 NexGen Nx686 CPU
- 2.52 Intel MMX technology
- 2.53 Intel Pentium/MMX P55C CPU
- 2.54 Intel Mobile Pentium/MMX CPU
- 2.55 Intel Pentium/MMX OverDrive CPU
- 2.56 Intel Pentium II CPU
- 2.56.1 Intel Pentium II CPU
- 2.56.2 Intel Pentium II CPU
- 2.56.3 Intel Pentium Celeron CPU
- 2.56.4 Intel Mobile Pentium II CPU
- 2.56.5 Intel Pentium II Xeon CPU
- 2.56.6 Intel Katmai CPU
- 2.56.7 Intel announcements
- 2.57 AMD K6 CPU
- 2.57.1 AMD K6-2 CPU
- 2.57.2 AMD announcements
- 2.58 IBM 6x86MX CPU
- 2.59 Cyrix 6x86MX CPU
- 2.60 Centaur IDT WinChip C6 CPU
- 2.60.1 Centaur IDT WinChip C6+ CPU
- 2.60.1 Centaur IDT WinChip-2-3D C6+ CPU
- 2.61 Multi-Media CPU
- 2.61.1 Cyrix MediaGX CPU
- 2.62 DEC Alpha CPU
- 2.62.1 DEC DECchip-210 Alpha CPU
- 2.62.2 DEC DECchip-211 Alpha CPU
- 2.62.3 DEC DECchip-212 Alpha CPU
- 2.63 MIPS CPU
- 2.63.1 MIPS R4000 CPU
- 2.63.2 MIPS R4200 CPU
- 2.63.3 MIPS R4400 CPU
- 2.63.4 MIPS Orion R4600 CPU
- 2.63.5 MIPS R10000 CPU
- 2.63.6 MIPS announcements
- 2.64 IBM, Motorola PowerPC CPU
- 2.64.1 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 401 CPU
- 2.64.2 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 601 CPU
- 2.64.3 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 602 CPU
- 2.64.4 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 603 CPU
- 2.64.5 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 603e CPU
- 2.64.6 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 604 CPU
- 2.64.7 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 604e CPU
- 2.64.8 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 615 CPU
- 2.64.9 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 620 CPU
- 2.64.10 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 630 CPU
- 2.64.11 IBM, Motorola PowerPC 750 CPU
- 2.65 Sun Sparc CPU
- 2.66 HP PA CPU (Precision Architecture)
- 2.67 Java CPU
- 2.67.1 Sun microJava 701 CPU
- 2.68 Motorola CPU
- 2.68.1 Motorola MC6800 CPU
- 2.68.2 Motorola MC6802 CPU
- 2.68.3 Motorola MC68HC11 CPU
- 2.68.4 Motorola MC6809 CPU
- 2.68.5 Motorola MC68000 CPU
- 2.68.6 Motorola MC68008 CPU
- 2.68.7 Motorola MC68302 CPU
- 2.68.8 Motorola MC68010 CPU
- 2.68.9 Motorola MC68340 microprocessor
- 2.68.10 Motorola MC68020 CPU
- 2.68.11 Motorola MC68030 CPU
- 2.68.12 Motorola MC68040 CPU
- 2.68.13 Motorola MC68LC040 CPU
- 2.68.14 Motorola MC68040V CPU
- 2.68.15 Motorola MC68050 CPU
- 2.68.16 Motorola MC68060 CPU
-
- 3 NPX (Numerical Processor eXtension)
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Intel i8087 NPX
- 3.3 Intel i80287 NPX
- 3.4 AMD Am80287 NPX
- 3.4.1 AMD Am80C287 NPX
- 3.4.2 AMD Am80EC287 NPX
- 3.5 Cyrix Cx287 NPX
- 3.6 Intel i80187 NPX
- 3.7 Intel i80287XL NPX
- 3.8 Cyrix FasMath Cx82S87 NPX
- 3.9 IIT IIT-2C87 NPX
- 3.10 Intel i80387 NPX
- 3.10.1 Intel i80387 NPX
- 3.10.2 Intel i80387DX NPX
- 3.10.3 Intel i80387SX NPX
- 3.10.4 Intel i80387SL Mobile NPX
- 3.10.5 Intel i80X87SL Mobile NPX
- 3.11 Chips & Technologies SuperMath 38700 NPX
- 3.11.1 Chips & Technologies SuperMath 38700DX NPX
- 3.11.2 Chips & Technologies SuperMath 38700SX NPX
- 3.12 Cyrix 80387 NPX
- 3.12.1 Cyrix FasMath Cx83D87 NPX
- 3.12.2 Cyrix FasMath Cx387+ NPX
- 3.12.3 Cyrix FasMath EMC87 NPX
- 3.12.4 Cyrix FasMath 83S87 NPX
- 3.12.5 Cyrix Cx387DX NPX
- 3.12.6 Cyrix Cx387SX NPX
- 3.12.7 Cyrix Cx387 NPX announcements
- 3.13 IIT IIT-3C87 NPX
- 3.13.1 IIT IIT-3C87 NPX
- 3.13.2 IIT IIT-3C87SX NPX
- 3.13.3 IIT IIT-XC87DLX2 NPX
- 3.14 ULSI Math*Co 83C87 NPX
- 3.15 ULSI Math*Co 83S87 NPX
- 3.16 Weitek Abacus 1167 NPX
- 3.17 Weitek Abacus 3167 NPX
- 3.18 RISE 80387 NPX
- 3.19 Symphony Laboratories 80387 NPX
- 3.20 Cyrix Cx4C87DLC NPX
- 3.21 IIT IIT-4C87 NPX
- 3.21.1 IIT IIT-4C87DLC NPX
- 3.21.2 IIT IIT-4C87 NPX announcements
- 3.22 Intel i80487 NPX
- 3.22.1 Intel i80487SX P23N NPX
- 3.22.2 Intel i80487 NPX
- 3.23 Cyrix Cx487S NPX
- 3.24 Weitek Abacus 4167 NPX
-
- Credits
-
-
-
-
- 1 Introduction
-
- 1.1 Identification
-
- Manufacturer: name and/or logo.
- Part number.
- Revision number, step level.
- Date: often the week number and the year of manufacturing.
-
- Memory chips: capacity: 64, 256 kbit,
- 1, 4, 16, 64 Mbit,
- speed: 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 150 ns.
-
- Orientation: indicated by a hole or a dot; from this indication the pin
- numbering starts contra clock-wise with number 1.
-
- For microprocessors at boot the chip mask revision number is often left in one
- of the control registers.
-
- In the newer SL enhanced Intel i80486 CPUs (if bit 21 in EFLAGS can be
- toggled) and the Intel Pentium CPUs a CPUID instruction is available:
- EAX=0: EAX: highest input value recognized by CPUID
- EBX-EDX: vendor ID string: Intel: "GenuineIntel"
- AMD: "AuthenticAMD"
- Cyrix: "CyrixInstead"
- NexGen: "NexGenDriven"
- UMC: "UMC UMC UMC "
- EAX=1: EAX: bit 0-3: step level
- bit 4-7: model
- bit 8-11: family: 4: 486,
- 5: Pentium
- bit 12-31: reserved
- EBX-ECX: reserved
- EDX (feature bits): bit 0: on-chip FPU
- bit 1-6: I/O Breakpoints available
- Page Size extensions (single-level page
- table with 4 Mbyte pages)
- Time Stamp Counter available (RDTSC)
- Machine Specific Registers available
- (RDMSR/WRMSR)
- bit 7: Machine Check Exception
- bit 8: CMPXCHG8B instruction
- bit 9-31: reserved
-
-
- 1.2 Packages
-
- DIP (Dual In-line Package): o o o o o o o o
-
- o o o o o o o o
-
- CERDIP (CERamic Dual In-line Package).
-
- PQFP (Plastic Quad Flat Package): surface mounted.
- SQFP (Shrink Quad Flat Package): surface mounted, thermally enhanced.
- MQFP (Metal Quad Flat Package).
-
- PLCC (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier).
-
- PGA (Pin Grid Array): o o o o o o o o
- o o o o o o o o
- o o o o
- o o o o
- o o o o
- o o o o
- o o o o o o o o
- o o o o o o o o
-
- SPGA (Pin Grid Array).
- CPGA (Ceramic Pin Grid Array).
- PPGA (Plastic Pin Grid Array).
-
- SEC module (Single Edge Contact): consists of a PCB containing the processor
- chip and the level 2 cache chips.
-
- ZIF sockets (Zero Insertion Force) have a handle to fasten and loosen the chip
- to and from its socket.
-
- BGA (Ball Grid Array):
- The BGA system consists of balls on the chip package that fit into grips on
- the socket.
- Two new systems are developed by and available from Aries Electronics, Inc.:
- http://www.arieselec.com/
- BallNest provides a four-fingered "nest" for each ball termination of the
- device to be socketed. On top of the BGA device a socket lid must be placed
- to hold it down. The BallLock system grips the balls of the BGA device,
- eliminating the need for a lid. A ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) version of the
- BGA socket is being worked on.
-
- ZIP (Zigzag In-line Package): o o o o o o o o
- o o o o o o o o
-
- DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory): 4116 16 k x 1 (1980),
- 4164 64 k x 1 (1982),
- 41256 256 k x 1 (1984),
- 411000 1 M x 1 (1987, 1988).
-
- SIMM (Single In-line Memory Module) (Wang): contains a complete RAM bank.
- MAC SIMMs are only 8 bits wide; they don't contain a parity bit.
- However, there are Personal Computers around in which parity checking can be
- disabled, that can operate with 8 bit SIMMs.
-
- 9-chip SIMM: 9 chips of 1 bit wide
- 8-chip SIMM: 8 chips of 1 bit wide (MAC)
- 3-chip SIMM: 2 chips of 4 bits wide and 1 chip of 1 bit wide
- 3 chips of 3 bits wide
- 2-chip SIMM: 2 chips of 4 bits wide (MAC)
-
- If the correct refresh is supplied, SIMMs with a different number of chips and
- different speed can be used together.
-
- SIP (Single In-line Package): contains a complete RAM bank.
-
- The orientation of SIMMs and SIPs is indicated by a hole. Starting from this
- indication the numbering of the pins starts with number 1. Apart from the pins
- there is no difference at all between SIMMs and SIPs.
-
- The normal SIMMs and SIPs have 30 pads/pins. There are also 36 pin SIMMs and
- SIPs. The extra pins are used for speed detection by the motherboard.
-
- There are also 72 pin SIMMs. These are 32 bits and 4 parity bits wide. 4 pins
- are assigned for speed detection. They are mostly used in 486 class and higher
- Personal Computers.
- Capacity: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 Mbyte.
-
- DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module): 64 bit memory module.
- They have 168 pads. They can only be found in the newer Pentium class Personal
- Computers.
-
- Memory banks, consisting of 1, 2, or 4 sockets, should always be filled
- completely. The number of sockets in a bank depends on the width of the memory
- module and the width of the processor's address bus. For example, a bank in a
- 486 class motherboard (32 bit address bus) might need four 8 bit SIMMs, or a
- single 32 bit SIMM.
-
- EDO RAM (Extended Data Output): faster access method.
- This can only be found in the newer Pentium class Personal Computers.
-
- SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM): clock synchronized with the CPU busses.
- This can only be found in the newer Pentium class Personal Computers.
-
-
- 1.3 Semiconductor processes
-
- RTL (Resistor-Transistor Logic): SSI (Small Scale Integration).
-
- DTL (Diode-Transistor Logic): SSI.
-
- TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) (Texas Instruments, 1965): bipolar,
- SSI, MSI (Medium Scale Integration), LSI (Large Scale Integration).
-
- 7400 series: 0 - 70 C.
- 5400 series: -55 - 125 C (military).
-
- 5400, 7400: 10 ns propagation time,
- 54L00, 74L00: Low power: higher resistances, less dissipation: longer
- propagation time,
- 54H00, 74H00: High power: lower resistances, more dissipation: less
- sensitivity for noise,
- 54S00, 74S00: Schottky-clamped: faster switching by using Schottky diodes
- to prevent the transistors from saturation,
- 54LS00, 74LS00: Low power, Schottky-clamped,
- 54AS00, 74AS00: Advanced Schottky: faster switching, less dissipation,
- 54ALS00, 74ALS00: Advanced Low power Schottky.
-
- I2L (Integrated Injection Logic) (1972): bipolar,
- LSI, VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration).
-
- Vcc: 0.8 V.
- Propagation time: 20 - 50 ns.
- Speed-power: 0.5 pJ.
-
- ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic, Current Mode Logic): bipolar.
-
- Propagation time: 0.5 - 2 ns.
- Dissipation: 3 - 10 times higher than TTL.
-
- MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor): FET (Field-Effect Transistors).
-
- Maximum frequency: 25 MHz.
-
- PMOS (Positive-channel MOS): LSI, VLSI.
-
- NMOS (Negative-channel MOS): LSI, VLSI.
-
- Faster than PMOS.
-
- HMOS (High performance n-channel MOS): LSI, VLSI.
-
- CMOS (Complementary MOS): LSI, VLSI, ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration).
-
- Better current management combining n- and p-channels.
- Originally slower than NMOS.
-
- CMOS-SOS (Silicon On Sapphire).
-
- Low capitance.
- 100 MHz.
-
- Developed by military for radiation hardness in space and tactical/strategic
- nuclear warfare environments.
-
- For a long time 0.6 micron geometries were thought to be a limit imposed by
- the electron microscopes used for mask alignment, but then the X-ray
- lithography was invented.
- Now, the EUV LLC (EUV Limited Liability Company), consisting of Intel, AMD,
- and Motorola, and the VNL (Virtual National Laboratory), are working on an
- advanced lithography research project EUV (Extreme Ultra Violet), which will
- allow industries to etch circuit lines smaller than 0.1 micron widths. The
- EUV technology uses mirrors instead of lenses for the mask light exposure.
-
- In September 1997 IBM started manufacturing chips with copper metal layers
- instead of aluminium. Copper is a better conductor, and allows for circuit
- lines smaller than 0.1 micron widths. Corrosion of the silicium by the copper
- is avoided by using a fusion barrier sealer in between.
-
-
- 1.4 JEDEC (Joint Electronic Device Engeneering Council)
-
- JEDEC was first known for their DIP definitions for memory chips.
-
- JEDEC has suggested a new standard of 3.3 V for all electronic components,
- including CPUs. CPUs operating at 3.3 V consume less than 50 % of the power
- of their 5 V equivalents. Intel currently uses a manufacturing process with a
- resolution of 0.8 micron, but is starting production with a 0.6 micron
- process. This produces chips that can only operate reliably at 3.3 V, which
- means that all its future CPUs are likely to operate only at this lower
- voltage.
-
-
- 1.5 Manufacturers
-
- 1.5.1 Intel
-
- In July 1997 Intel acquired Chips & Technologies.
-
- Intel fax-back service: 1-800-628-2283.
- European Centre: +44 (0) 1793-432509.
-
- Intel WWW server: www.intel.com
- Intel FTP site: ftp.intel.com
-
- Intel European Centre: +44 (0) 1793-431155.
- Resellers: +44 (0) 1793-432955.
-
-
- 1.5.2 AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
-
- In 1996 AMD acquired NexGen.
-
- AMD European Corporate Applications Technical Hot-Line Support:
- euro.tech@amd.com
- euro.lit@amd.com
-
- AMD WWW server: www.amd.com
- AMD FTP site: ftp.amd.com
-
-
- 1.5.3 IBM (International Bussiness Machines)
-
- IBM WWW server: www.ibm.com
- www.chips.ibm.com
-
-
- 1.5.4 Chips & Technologies
-
- Chips & Technologies has dropped its development of X86 clones.
-
- Acquired by Intel in July 1997.
-
-
- 1.5.5 Cyrix
-
- Acquired by National Semiconductor in July 1997.
-
- Cyrix WWW server: www.cyrix.com
-
- Cyrix fax-back service: 1-800-46-CYRIX (1-800-462-9749).
-
-
- 1.5.6 Texas Instruments
-
- TI FTP site: ftp.ti.com
-
-
- 1.5.7 UMC
-
-
- 1.5.8 NexGen
-
- Acquired by AMD in 1996.
-
- NexGen WWW server: www.nexgen.com
-
-
- 1.5.9 IIT (Integrated Information Technology)
-
-
- 1.5.10 Motorola
-
- Motorola WWW server: www.mot.com
-
-
- 1.5.11 Apple
-
- Apple WWW server: www.apple.com
-
-
- 1.5.12 HP
-
- HP WWW server: www.hp.com
- HP FTP server: ftp.hp.com
-
-
- 1.5.13 DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation)
-
- DEC WWW server: www.dec.com
-
-
- 1.5.14 Renaissance Microsystems Inc.
-
- Developping PowerPC clones.
-
-
- 1.5.15 IDT (Integrated Device Technology)
-
- IDT WWW server: www.idt.com
- Centaur Technology WWW server: www.centtech.com
-
-
- 1.6 References
-
- Andrew S. Tanenbaum: Structured Computer Organization (Prentice-Hall)
- A.J. van de Goor: Computer Architecture and Design (Addison-Wesley)
- William Stallings: Computer Organization and Architecture (MacMillan)
- John L. Hennessy & David A. Patterson: Computer Architecture, a Quantitative
- Approach (Morgan Kaufman)
- Norbert Juffa: Performance Comparison Intel 386DX, Intel RapidCAD, C&T 38600DX,
- Cyrix 486DLC (USENET News)
- Norbert Juffa: Everything you always wanted to know about math coprocessors
- (USENET News)
-
- Chip Directory, by Jaap van Ganswijk:
- http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir/
-
- Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers, by Ken Polsson:
- http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/comphist.htm
-
- CPU Info Center:
- http://infopad.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/
-
- Intel Secrets; What Intel doesn't want you to know, by Robert Collins:
- http://www.x86.org/
- FTP: ftp.x86.org /pub/x86/
-
- Internet Microcontroller/Microprocessor/CPU Directory:
- http://www.cera.com/micro.htm
-
- MicroDesign Resources:
- http://www.chipanalyst.com/
-
- PC Hardware Links, by Chris Hare:
- http://www.erols.com/chare/
-
- Tom's Hardware Guide:
- http://sysdoc.pair.com/
-
-
-
-
- Compiled, Copyright 1993 - 1998, by A. Offerman. Permission to use, copy, or
- distribute this document in a non-commercial way for non-commercial use is
- hereby granted, provided that this copyright and permission notice appear in
- all copies. All other rights reserved.
-
- This document is provided "as is" without expressed or implied warranty.
-
- The specific products and their respective manufacturers are not to be taken
- as endorsements of, nor commercials for, the manufacturer.
-