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- Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!faqserv
- From: mughal@alumni.caltech.edu (Asim Mughal)
- Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan,soc.culture.pakistan.education,soc.culture.pakistan.history,soc.culture.pakistan.moderated,soc.answers,news.answers
- Subject: [soc.culture.pakistan] FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
- Supersedes: <pakistan-faq_854360821@rtfm.mit.edu>
- Followup-To: poster
- Date: 27 Feb 1997 13:18:27 GMT
- Organization: none
- Lines: 1565
- Approved: news-answers-request@mit.edu
- Expires: 12 Apr 1997 13:17:28 GMT
- Message-ID: <pakistan-faq_857049448@rtfm.mit.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: bloom-picayune.mit.edu
- Summary: This posting contains Frequently Asked Questions for
- Soc.Culture.Pakistan.
- X-Last-Updated: 1997/02/14
- Originator: faqserv@bloom-picayune.MIT.EDU
- Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu soc.culture.pakistan:189950 soc.culture.pakistan.education:280 soc.culture.pakistan.history:580 soc.culture.pakistan.moderated:490 soc.answers:7227 news.answers:95693
-
- Archive-name: pakistan-faq
- Posting-Frequency: monthly
- Last-modified: 1997/02/14
- Version: 2.3
- Organization: Alumni Association, Caltech, Pasadena, California. U.S.A.
- X-URL: http://alumni.caltech.edu/~mughal/pakistan/pakistan.html
-
- Copyright 1993-94-95-96-97
- Asim Mughal (mughal@caltech.edu)
-
- Redistribution for profit, or in altered content /format
- prohibited without permission of the authors. Any other
- redistribution must include this copyright notice and
- attribution.
-
-
-
-
- ***** ANSWERS TO FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS *********
-
- READ THIS BEFORE YOU POST A QUERY.
-
- This message is automatically posted once a month to provide
- answers to commonly asked questions on this forum.
-
- If you have any contributions or changes to this document
- please send me an email message. If you never wish you see
- this document again, please add the above subject in your KILL
- file.
-
- Sincerely,
- Asim Mughal (mughal@caltech.edu)
- Soc.Culture.Pakistan FAQ Maintainer
-
- [Standard Disclaimer]
-
- =================================================================
- NOTE:
- This FAQ posting is now in USENET digest format. If you are
- using "rn" (or it derivatives) to read news ^G (Ctrl- G) will
- take you to the next question. If you are using any other news
- reader search for the next line that begins with "Subject:".
- =================================================================
-
- *****************************************************************
- This periodic posting is now archived. It is available via
- anonymous ftp from
- rtfm.mit.edu (18.70.0.209)
- OR
- sending email to
- mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the body of the message as
- send usenet/news.answers/pakistan/faq
- quit
-
- ******************************************************************
- *****************************************************************
-
- Contents:
-
- 1) History & Charter of Soc.Culture.Pakistan
- 2) Info on Pakistan
- 3) Addresses of Pakistan Embassy & Consulates in US
- 4)* Pakistan Government Listing
- 5) Information on Remitting Money to Pakistan
- 6) Pictures of Pakistan [FTP sites w/ gifs, info etc]
- 7) Pakistani Newspapers / Magazine Subscriptions
- 8) Pakistan News Service [News & Info on Pakistan]
- 9) Electronic Services & Network Domains In Pakistan
- 10)* Books on Pakistan
- 11) National Anthem of Pakistan (with English Translation)
- 12) Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah - The Founder of Pakistan
- 13) Allama Iqbal - The National Poet of Pakistan
- 14) Telephone Area Codes for All Cities
- 15) Currency Exchange Rates for Pakistani Rupees
- 16)* Mailings Lists: "Pak-scholars", "Pak-students" & EML
- 17) U.S. Immigration Info
- 18) U.S. Embassy/Consulates In Pakistan & Pakistan Visa Info
- 19) H-1 Visa Info: Mexico & Canada + H-4 Visa Info
- 20) Baby Names!
- 21) World Wide Web Home Pages on Pakistan
- 22) USENET Statistics on Soc.Culture.Pakistan.
- 23)* Info on soc.culture.pakistan Reorganization
- 24)* Berkeley Language Urdu Program
- 25)* Urdu - Dictionary/Fonts/Software
- 26)* This FAQ: Archive Info, History & Credits
-
- * New or updated in this revision of FAQ.
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 1) History & Charter of Soc.Culture.Pakistan
-
-
- A- Call for Discussion: By: Ali Raja
- (araja@smu!ti-csl!m2.ti.com)
- Posted: 6 Feb '90
-
- B- Call for Votes: By: Junaid Ahmed Zubairi
- (jzubairi@rodan.acs.syr.edu)
- Posted: 1 Mar '90
- Voting Period: 26 Feb '90 - 18 Mar '90
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- CALL FOR DISCUSSION: [Original Text]
- ____________________________________
-
- Newsgroups: soc.culture.indian,soc.culture.turkish,soc.culture.arabic,talk.polit
- ics.mideast,news.announce.newgroups
- Subject: Call for discussion -- soc.culture.pakistan
- Date: 6 Feb 90 21:24:33 GMT
- Sender: news@smu!ti-csl!ti-csl.ti.com
- Lines: 20
-
-
- This is a formal call for discussion for the creation of the newsgroup
- soc.culture.pakistan.
-
- Discussions related to Pakistani issues are usually carried out in
- soc.culture.indian. However, there are a number of issues that are
- relevant to Pakistan that are not relevant to soc.culture.indian.
- I feel that the number of articles seems to justify the creation of
- this newsgroup.
-
- I am making a formal call for discussion for the newsgroup. The
- discussion period will extend for two weeks until at least, 21st
- Feburary 1990. A call for votes, if it is deemed suitable will
- them be issued after that point.
-
- Please post all discussion articles to news.groups, where such discussions
- usually take place, and/or soc.culture.indian, which has seen more than
- its fair share of such discussions.
-
- _____________________________________________________________________________
- CALL FOR VOTES: [Original Text] INCLUDES CHARTER
- ________________________________________________
-
- From jzubairi@rodan.acs.syr.edu Tue Feb 18 00:21:38 1992
- Date: Thu, 1 Mar 90 11:24:52 EST
- From: jzubairi@rodan.acs.syr.edu (Junaid Ahmed Zubairi)
- Newsgroups: news.announce.newgroups,news.groups
- Subject: CALL FOR VOTES: soc.culture.pakistan
- Organization: Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
-
-
- This is the formal "call for votes" for the creation of a world-wide,
- UNMODERATED Soc.Culture.Pakistan newsgroup on USENET.
-
- The discussion period for creation of soc.culture.pakistan has already
- ended and a lot of interest was observed during the discussion period.
-
- The proposed newsgroup is intended to generally provide a medium for those
- interested to express, share, and exchange their views, ideas, and feelings
- about Pakistan and Pakistani culture.
-
- Possible discussion issues include aspects of Pakistani
- - culture, history, philosophy, ideology, geography;
- - societies, traditions, customs;
- - literature, poetry, art, folklore;
- - languages, books;
- - science, technology;
- - food, cookery;
- - local events, news, programs, economy;
- - communities abroad, problems, needs; and
- - *things* normally discussed in the "soc.culture" newsgroups.
-
- To Vote, send an e-mail to:
- jzubairi@rodan.acs.syr.edu
- OR simply reply to this message.
-
- Voting period will last from Feb 26th, until Midnight, March 18th, 1990.
-
- As per USENET newsgroup creation guidelines,
- - Votes MUST be explicit; they should be of the form "I vote (YES) for
- the creation of newsgroup soc.culture.Pakistan as proposed" or "I vote
- against (NO for) the creation of newsgroup soc.culture.Pakistan as
- proposed". The wording doesn't have to be exact, it just needs to be
- unambiguous.
- In particular, statements of the form "I would vote for this group
- if..." are considered COMMENTS and will NOT be counted as votes.
- - Only votes that arrive DURING the voting period will be counted.
- - ONLY votes E-MAILED to the vote-taker will count.
- - Votes POSTED to the net for any reason (including inability to get
- mail to the vote-taker) and proxy votes (such as having a mailing
- list maintainer claim a vote for each member of the list) will NOT
- be counted.
- - At the end of the voting period, if 100 more YES/create votes are
- received than NO/don't create votes AND at least 2/3 of the total
- number of valid votes received are in favor of the creation, a
- newgroup control message will be sent out. If the 100 vote margin
- or 2/3 portion is not met, the newsgroup will not be created.
-
- Junaid Zubairi
- Vote-taker
-
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 2) Info on Pakistan
-
-
-
- PAKISTAN GEOGRAPHY:
-
- Total area: 803,940 km2
-
- Land area: 778,720 km2
-
- Land boundaries: 6,774 km total; Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km,
- India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km
-
- Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
-
- Environment: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in
- north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and
- August); deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water logging
-
-
- PAKISTAN PEOPLE:
-
- Population: 121,664,539 (July 1992), growth rate 2.9% (199222)
-
- Birth rate: 43 births/1,000 population (1992)
-
- Death rate: 13 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
-
- Net migration rate: -1 migrant/1,000 population (1992)
-
- Infant mortality rate: 105 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
-
- Life expectancy at birth: 56 years male, 57 years female (1992)
-
- Total fertility rate: 6.6 children born/woman (1992)
-
- Nationality: noun - Pakistani(s); adjective - Pakistani
-
- Ethnic divisions: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir
-
- Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi`a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and
- other 3%
-
- Languages: Urdu and English (both official); total spoken languages -
- Punjabi 64%, Sindhi 12%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu 7%, Balochi and other 9%;
- English is lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government
- ministries, but official policies are promoting its gradual replacement
- by Urdu
-
- Literacy: 35% (male 47%, female 21%) age 15 and over can read and write
- (1990 est.)
-
- Labor force: 28,900,000; agriculture 54%, mining and manufacturing 13%,
- services 33%; extensive export of labor (1987 est.)
-
- Organized labor: about 10% of industrial work force
-
- PAKISTAN GOVERNMENT:
-
- Long-form name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
-
- Type: Parliamentary with strong executive, federal republic
-
- Capital: Islamabad
-
- Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital
- territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*,
- Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh; note
- - the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir
- region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
-
- Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK; formerly West Pakistan)
-
- Constitution: 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with
- amendments, 30 December 1985
-
- Legal system: based on English common law with provisions to accommodate
- Pakistan's stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ
- jurisdiction, with reservations
-
- National holiday: Pakistan Resolution Day (proclamation of the republic),
- 23 March (1956)
-
- Executive branch: president, prime minister, Cabinet
-
- Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) consists of
- an upper house or Senate and a lower house or National Assembly
-
- Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Federal Islamic (Shari`at) Court
-
- Flag:
-
- Green with a vertical white band on the hoist side; a large white
- crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star,
- and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
-
-
- PAKISTAN ECONOMY:
-
- GNP: exchange rate conversion - $45.4 billion, per capita $380; real
- growth rate 4.8% (FY91 est.)
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12.3% (FY91)
-
- Unemployment rate: 10% (FY91 est.)
-
- Budget: revenues $6.4 billion; expenditures $10 billion, including
- capital expenditures of $2.6 billion (FY92 est.)
-
- Ports: Gwadar, Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
-
- Airports: 112 total, 104 usable; 75 with permanent-surface runways; 1
- with runways over 3,659 m; 31 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 43 with
- runways 1,220-2,439 m
-
- Telecommunications: good international communication service over
- microwave and INTELSAT satellite; domestic communications poor; 813,000
- telephones (1990); broadcast service good; broadcast stations - 19 AM, 8
- FM, 29 TV; satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 2
- Indian Ocean INTELS
-
-
- ADDITIONAL INFO (A.J.Shah)
-
-
- National game : Hockey
- National flower : Jasmin
- National dress : Shalwar Qameez
- National poet : Allama Iqbal
-
- Baluchistan with capital Quetta.
- NWFP with capital Peshawar.
- Punjab with capital Lahore.
- Sind with capital Karachi.
-
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 3) Addresses of Pakistan Embassy & Consulates in U.S.
-
-
- Telephone FAX Address
-
- CHANCERY (202)939-6200 (202)387-0484 2315 Massachusetts Ave. N.W.
- Washington DC. 20008
-
- ANNEXE: (202)939-6205 (202)387-0578 2201 "R" St., NW
- A) Education Division Washington, DC. 20008
- B) Finance & Accounts
- C) Food & Agriculture
-
- COMMERCIAL (202)939-6585 (202)939-6587 1825 Connecticut Ave. N.W.
- Suite-217
- Washington, DC. 20009
-
- CONSULATE GENERAL (New York)
- Mr. Iqbal Ahmad Khan ( Consul General )
-
- (212)879-5800 (212)517-6987 12 East 65th St.
- New York, N.Y. 10021
-
- CONSULATE GENERAL (Los Angeles)
- Mr. Aziz Ahmad Khan ( Consul General )
-
- (310)-441-5114 (310)-441-9256 10850 Wilshire Blvd.
- Suite - 1100
- Los Angeles, CA. 90024
-
- Courtesy: Pakistan News Service
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 4) Pakistan Government Listing
-
- [As of Feb 3, '97, general elections were held in Pakistan,
- new government has not been formed yet. Hence, the info is
- being left blank at this time.]
-
- The following is an official list of the Government of Pakistan:
-
-
- PRESIDENT
- Mr. Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari
-
- PRIME MINISTER
-
- MINISTERS
-
- MINISTERS OF STATE
-
- ADVISER TO THE PRIME MINISTER
-
- SPECIAL ASSISTANTS
-
- Courtesy: Pakistan News Service PAKISTAN@ASUACAD.BITnet
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 5) Information on Remitting Money to Pakistan
-
-
- Money may be sent through a Bank Draft written or a wire transfer. Fees
- vary depending on your local bank. Average Bank Draft $15, Average Wire
- Transfer $ 35. Wire Transfer takes five working days as opposed to two
- months for a bank draft.
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 6) Pictures of Pakistan [FTP sites w/ gifs, info etc]
-
-
- Pictures of Pakistan in gif format & general info on Pakistan is kept on
- the following FTP site:
-
- ftp.ugcs.caltech.edu
-
- IP # (131.215.139.82, 131.215.134.135)
-
- Login: anonymous Password: anything
-
- directory: cd /pub/gifs/Pakistan
-
-
- Courtesy: Pakistan News Service PAKISTAN@ASUACAD.BITnet
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 7) Pakistani Newspapers / Magazine Subscriptions
-
-
- Pakistani Newspapers & Magazines including The Dawn, Jang, Nation,
- Herald etc are available by:
-
-
- Asian Publications
- P.O. Box 580
- Elmsford, N.Y. 10523
- Tel: 914-429-5577
-
-
- Courtesy: Pakistan News Service PAKISTAN @ ASUACAD.BITnet
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 8) Pakistan News Service [News & Info on Pakistan]
-
-
- The latest News & Information on Pakistan is provided by Pakistan News
- Service (PNS), an independent volunteer effort. The variety of services
- vary from news bulletin to receipes of Pakistani food to database on
- Pakistanis.
-
- The news compiled in a newsletter form is distributed through LISTSERVs
- in Arizona & Pennsylvania on average thrice a week.
-
- The informational files are available on LISTSERV at ASUACAD and on FTP
- site at ftp.ugcs.caltech.edu.
-
- PNS CONTACT ADDRESS: PAKISTAN @ ASUACAD.BITnet
-
- The following is a reference guide on services provided by Pakistan News
- Service.
-
-
-
- T H E P A K I S T A N N E W S S E R V I C E
- __________________________________________________________________
-
-
- A QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE
- _______________________
-
-
- BASIC CONCEPTS:
-
- a. Email addresses of Pakistan News Service are:
-
- PAKISTAN@ASUACAD.BITnet
- pakistan@asuvm.inre.asu.edu
-
- PAKISTAN@PSUVM.BITnet
- pakistan@psuvm.psu.edu
-
- Any contributions of News/Articles/comments may be sent to any
- of the above email addresses.
-
- b. A number of services are handled automagically by the LISTSERV.
-
- c. These services include:
-
- SUB PAKISTAN name - Subscribe to Pakistan News Service (PNS)
- SIGNOFF PAKISTAN - Cancel Subscription to PNS
- SET PAKISTAN NOMAIL - Put subscription on hold
- SET PAKISTAN MAIL - Re-activate subscription
- INDEX PAKISTAN - Get listing of files available thorough PNS
- GET PAKISTAN filename - Get a copy of available file named 'filename'
-
- d. To use the LISTSERV services:
-
- Step 1: Send email to: LISTSERV@ASUACAD.BITnet
- Step 2: 'Subject' field is optional (can be left blank)
- Step 3: List the appropriate service (listed in 'c') as text of
- your email.
-
- e. Example: To subscribe from a unix machine my screen should look as
- follows:
-
- __________________________________________________________________
-
- % mail listserv@asuacad.bitnet
- Subject: subscription to PNS
-
- SUB PAKISTAN Asim Mughal
-
- <CTRL-D>
- %
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- f. Accessing Pakistan News Service forums thru USENET.
-
- As of Oct 1, '93. PNS forums are available thru usenet as:
-
- bit.listserv.pakistan
- bit.listserv.pns-l
- bit.listserv.muslims
-
- To access: On Unix machines: type: 'rn' or 'trn'
- go <name>
-
- On VAX/VMS : type: 'VNEWS'
-
- If USENET is not available on your site or your site doesn't get PNS
- forums, please contact your system administrator and request for PNS
- forums to be available.
-
-
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 9) Electronic Services & Network Domains In Pakistan
-
- NETWORK DOMAINS IN PAKISTAN
-
- Top Level domains for Pakistan. imran.pk
- ar.pk
-
- Contancts: ashar@ar.pk & anwar@panix.com
-
- ELECTRONIC SERVICES: A number of services are available to date.
- Including email, ftp, telnet, www through different providers.
- Pakistan Telecommunications is also officially live on Internet
- as of Nov 23, 1995.
-
- Email services are provided by numerous provides, and more are
- opening up daily. Please look at the web pages on Pakistan to
- find an uptodated list of providers.
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 10) Books on Pakistan
-
-
- From: murtaza@uclink.berkeley.edu (Niaz Murtaza)
- There is a bibliography on Pakistan which has been compiled by David
- Taylor called "Pakistan". It was published in 1990 by Clio Press and has
- a lot of references on each of the topics that you mentioned above.
-
- FOUNDERS OF PAKISTAN by Safdar Mahmood & Javaid Zafar.
- Publishers United Ltd. 176, Anarkali, Lahore
-
- CREATION OF PAKISTAN by Jamil Uddin Ahmad.
- Publishers United Ltd. 176, Anarkali, Lahore
-
- IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN by Prof. Saeeduddin Ahmad Dar.
- Islamic Book Foundation, Faisal Masjid, PO 1453, Islamabad
-
- PAKISTAN AFFAIRS- past & present by Tariq Mahmood Dogar
- Dogarsons, Al-Karim Market, 15-Urdu Bazar, Lahore
-
- POLITICS AND POLICIES OF QUAID-I-AZAM by Dr. K.F.Yusuf
- National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, Islamabad
-
- HAD THERE BEEN NO JINNAH by Salahuddin Khan
- PanGraphics Ltd. Islamabad
-
- THE MODERN MOSES - A brief biography of M.A.Jinnah by E.H. Enver
- Jinnah Memorial Institute, Karachi
-
- PERSPECTIVES ON KASHMIR (Editor) Dr. K.F.Yusuf
- Pakistan Forum, Islamabad
-
- MY VERSION - India-Pakistan War 1965 by Gen (retd) Mohammad Musa. H.J.
- Publishers United Ltd. 176, Anarkali, Lahore
-
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 11) National Anthem of Pakistan (with English Translation)
-
- Pakistan National Anthem was adopted in August 1954. An open competition
- was held among all highly competitive entries the entry of Hafeez
- Jallundhary was approved by the jury. Cabinet adopted the anthem proposed
- by Hafeez Jallundhari a couple of days before independence day in 1954.
- The National anthem of Pakistan is one of the most prestigious ones in
- the world and is very short. It's duration is only one minute and eight
- seconds.
-
- Following is the Pakistan national anthem:
-
-
- Pak sarzameen shad bad Kishwar-e-Haseen shad bad
- Tou Nishaan-e-Azm-e-aali shan Arz-e-Pakistan
- Markaz-e-yaqeen Shad bad
-
- Pak sarzameen ka nizaam Qouwat-e-Akhouwat-e-Awam
- Qaum mulk saltanat Painda tabinda bad
- Shad bad Manzil-e-murad
-
- Parcham-e-Sitara-o-Hilal Rahbar-e-Tarakkeey-o-Kamal
- Tarjumaan-e-mazee-shaan-e-Hal Jan-e-Istaqbal
- Saaya-e-Khuda-e-zuljalal
- ____________________________________________________________________________
- English Translation of Pakistan National Anthem:................ Asim Mughal
-
- Blessed be the sacred land Happy be the bounteous realm
- Symbol of high resolve Land of Pakistan
-
- Blessed be thou of faith
-
- The Order of this sacred land is the might of the brotherhood of the people
- May the nation, the country, and the state Shine in glory everlasting
-
- Blessed be the goal of our ambition
-
- This flag of Crescent and Star Leads the way to progress and perfection
- Interpreter of our past glory of our present Inspiration of our future,
-
- Symbol of Almighty's protection
-
-
- Courtesy: Text: Pakistan News Service (Pakistan@Asuacad)
- Included per request of Amjad Shah.
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 12) Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah - The Founder of Pakistan
-
-
- QUAID-E-AZAM -- The Founder of Pakistan.
- Amjad Shah <S.A.H.S.Shah1@lut.ac.uk>
-
-
- Baba-e Qaum, Quaid-e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinah was born in Karachi on
- December the 25th, 1876, in a building known as Wazir Mansion. He got
- his early education at Karachi and Bombay. He did his barristery from
- England. He saw the name of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) on the top of the
- gate of Lincoln's Inn. So he decided to study there. After his return,
- Jinah started his practice in barristery. He joined All India National
- Congress in 1906. He attended for the first time a meeting of All India
- Muslim League in 1912. Later he Joined All India Muslim League in 1913.
- The third political party he joined was the Home Rule League.
-
- He was member of both the Congress and Muslim League at the same time.
- Initially he remained working with the Hindu leaders of Congress. He was
- given the title of "Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity" by prominent
- politicians. With the passage of time he realised that the Hindu leaders
- of Congress have a different agenda. He left Congress and became fully
- involved with Muslim League.
-
- Jinah was a man of principles. He was probably the only person among all
- the big leaders of the subcontinent, who never went to jail. His motto
- was: Unity, Faith and Discipline.
-
- When Muslim League finally decided to have a separate country for
- Muslims of the subcontinent, it was the leadership of Jinah which led
- the nation to achieve this goal. Because of these leadership qualities
- and his firm stand on the issue, Britishers found no way to reject the
- demand of Muslims of the subcontinent for a separate homeland. He took
- charge as the first Governor General of Pakistan on 14th of August 1947
- in a ceremony at Karachi.
-
- India never took risk of invading Hyderabad or Junagarh in his life.
-
- Jinah died on September the 11th, 1948, at Ziarat near Quetta. He was
- buried in Karachi. His tomb is a beautiful piece of architecture and is
- worth visiting.
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 13) Allama Iqbal - The National Poet of Pakistan
-
-
- ALLAMA IQBAL ---
- by Amjad Shah
-
- Hakeem-ul-Ummat Shaair-e-Mashriq Dr. Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal was born
- in Sialkot on November the 9th, 1877. He got his school and college
- education from Sialkot. He got his B.A. and M.A. from Government College
- Lahore. He got Gold Medal in M.A. Philosophy from University of the
- Punjab. During his studies, his personality was influenced by Maulvi Mir
- Hasan (one of his school teachers) and Prof. Arnold (his teacher of
- philosophy at Government College Lahore and later at Cambridge).
-
- Iqbal started his career as Reader (a teaching grade below
- professorship) in Arabic at Government College Lahore. During this time
- he wrote a first ever book on islamic economics in Urdu. By the time he
- was a popular poet in the literary circles of Lahore.
-
- Iqbal Stayed in Europe from 1903 to 1907 for higher studies. He studied
- at Cambridge (England) and Munich (Germany). Finally he got his PhD
- degree from Munich University. The title of his thesis was "The
- Development of Metaphysics in Persia". Once, during his stay in Europe
- Iqbal decided to stop saying poetry in Urdu at all and to say in Persian
- only. Because there were ready made compound words in Persian and it was
- much easier to describe one's thoughts in Persian as compared with Urdu.
- On the request of some Muslim Scholars, he refrain from doing so. They
- told him that his audience is hindi, so he must write in Urdu as well,
- so that maximum people can benefit from his visualizations. He also did
- barristery during his stay at Europe.
-
- After his return to Lahore, he was an advocate at Lahore High Court. Now
- he was a very popular poet. In the fund raising public meetings of the
- charity Anjuman-e Himaeyat-e Islam, his poems like "Naala-e Yateem",
- "Shikwah" and "Jawab-e Shikwah" were sold as high as Rs. 50/- per copy.
-
- Iqbal in his political career, joined All India Muslim League. He also
- participated two out of three round table conferences at London. In 1930
- he presided over the Annual Convention of All India Muslim League in
- Allah Abad. In his famous presidential address he told the nation that
- he is seeing a muslim rule in the muslim majority areas soon to be
- established. This is also known as the dream of Iqbal, which became
- reality as Pakistan in 1947.
-
- Iqbal died in Lahore on April the 21st, 1938, after an illness of about
- four months. He is buried near the footsteps of the Badshahi Mosque
- Lahore. His desire was that his age should not be more than the age of
- Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH).
-
-
- His poetry books are:
-
- Urdu -- Baal-e Jibreel, Baang-e Dara, Zarb-e Kaleem, Armaghan-e Hijaz
- (This book is both in Urdu and Persian)
-
- Persian -- Asrar-e Khudi, Ramooz-e Be-khudi, Piyaam-e Mashriq, P'as Cheh
- Baa-eyad Kard ai Aqwaam-e Sharq, Javed Nameh, Armaghan-e Hijaz.
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 14) Telephone Area Codes for All Cities
-
- From: al369@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Ayub Gaya)
-
- 92 Pakistan
- 21 Karachi
- 221 Hyderabad
- 221 Tando Adam
- 224 Tando Mohammad Khan
- 229 Dadu
- 23 Mirpur Hkas
- 241 Nawab-Shah
- 27 Uthal
- 29 Thatta
- 411 Faisalabad
- 42 Lahore
- 431 Gujranwala
- 432 Sialkot
- 4331 Gujrat
- 441 Sahiwal
- 442 Okara
- 448 Main Channu
- 451 Sargodha
- 459 Mianwali
- 47 Jhang
- 492 Kasur
- 4931 Qila Shiekhupura
- 51 Islamabad
- 51 Rawalpindi
- 521 Peshawar
- 522 Kohat
- 5231 Noshera
- 528 Bannu
- 529 Khan D.I.
- 531 Mardan
- 536 Mingora
- 536 Saidu Sharif, Swat
- 572 Gilgit
- 58 Muzaffarabad
- 5921 Abbottabad
- 593 Murree
- 5941 Jhelum
- 595 Haripur
- 596 Taxila
- 61 Multan
- 621 Bahawalpur
- 631 Bahawainagar
- 64 Khan D.G.
- 692 Khanewal
- 71 Sukkur
- 721 Jacobabad
- 731 Rahimyar Khan
- 741 Larkana
- 752 Moro
- 792 Kaipur
- 81 Quetta
- 83 Sibi
- 87 Khuzdar
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 15) Currency Exchange Rates for Pakistani Rupees
-
- Dated: Wed, 02 Mar 1994
-
-
- Australia dlr .7130 .7133 1.4025 1.4019
- China yuan .1149 .1148 8.7046 8.7046
- HongKong dlr .1294 .1294 7.7287 7.7263
- India rupee .0322 .0321 31.09 31.09
- Indo'sa rupia .000466 .000466 2144.04 2144.04
- Japan yen .009565 .009569 104.55 104.50
- Japan 1-mo .009575 .009579 104.44 104.39
- Japan 3-mo .009600 .009603 104.17 104.14
- Japan 6-mo .009646 .009647 103.67 103.65
- N.Zealand dlr .5759 .5758 1.7365 1.7367
- Pakistn rupee .0330 .0330 30.33 30.33
- P'pnes peso .0367 .0367 27.25 27.25
- Singapore dlr .6317 .6323 1.5830 1.5815
- S.Africa rand .2896 .2879 3.4525 3.4738
- S.Korea won .001238 .001237 808.00 808.00
- Taiwan dollar .0378 .0377 26.49 25.29
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 16) Mailing Lists: "Pak-scholars", "Pak-students" & EML
-
- PAK-STUDENTS:
- -------------
-
- By: Ihsan Khan <I.Khan@cs.ucl.ac.uk> June 25, 1994
- Subject: up_date_for SCP FAQ
- Date: Fri, 06 Sep 1996 17:56:11 +0100
-
-
- Dear fellow Pakistani Student/Scholar,
-
- Assalam'alaikom
-
- We are pleased to inform you that a mailing lists PAK-STUDENTS has
- been setup. The purpose this lists is to provide an educational forum
- to the Pakistani students on which they can cooperate and help each
- other on academic matters, such as, technical subject advise, information
- about admission and funding, etc.
-
- In order o subscribe to the list, please send a request to
-
- pak-students-request@info.com.pk
-
-
- with Subject : Subscribe PAK-STUDENTS
-
- and provide the following details in the message:
-
-
- Full Name :
- Email Address :
- Name of Univ. :
- Course :
- Year of Study :
- Home Institute :
-
-
- EDUCATION MAILING LIST (EML)
- ---------------------------
- A mailing list for Pakistani educator or anyone interested in
- Education Reform in Pakistan. To be included, send email to:
-
- Tariq Cheema <tcheema@sunflowr.usd.edu>
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 17) U.S. Immigration Info
-
- GENERAL INFO
-
- Newsgroup: alt.visa.us
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) are very helpful. There are
- several parts to it. These documents may be obtained from any
- of the following sites.
-
- Anonymous FTP:
-
- 1. SITE: rtfm.mit.edu
- Directory: /pub/usenet/news.answers/us-visa-faq
-
- 2. SITE: ftp.uu.net
- Directory: /pub/usenet/news.answers/us-visa-faq
-
- Files: part1 part2 part3 part4 part5 part6
-
-
-
- DV-1 Lottery: Deadline - June 30 1994
-
- Information may be obtained by sending a request to Pakistan
- News Service (Pakistan@asuacad.bitnet)
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 18) U.S. Embassy/Consulates in Pakistan & Pakistan Visa Info
-
- <fahmy@cats.ucsc.edu (Fahmy F Qazi)>
-
- This section is from the document '/Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories/Current-Advisories/pakistan'.
-
- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Pakistan
- ============================================================
- Pakistan - Consular Information Sheet
- January 8, 1993
-
- Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located in Islamabad,
- Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, telephone (92-51) 826-161. The
- Consular Section is located separately in the USAID building, 18
- Sixth Avenue, Ramna 5. In Karachi, the U.S. Consulate General is
- located at 8 Abdullah Haroon Road, telephone (92-21) 568-5170. In
- Lahore, the U.S. Consulate General is located on Sharah-E-Abdul
- Hamid Bin Badees (50 Empress Road), New Simla Hills, telephone
- (92-42) 365-530. In Peshawar, the U.S. Consulate is located at 11
- Hospital Road, Peshawar Cantonment, telephone (92-521) 279-801/2/3.
-
-
- Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. The visa
- must be obtained from a Pakistani embassy or consulate before
- arrival at the point of entry. Information on entry requirements
- can be obtained from the Embassy of Pakistan, 2315 Massachusetts
- Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20008; telephone (202) 939-6200.
- Travelers can also contact the Pakistani Consulate General, 12 East
- 65th St., New York, NY 10021; telephone (212) 879-5800.
-
- ## NEW (Nov 94) ##
-
- Effective September 1, 1986 ALL US citizens require visa to visit
- Pakistan. This includes tourists.
-
- Pakistan Visa Fee is: $20.00
-
- ## ##
-
- Medical Facilities: Adequate medical care is available in major
- cities in Pakistan, but may be limited in rural areas. U.S. medical
- insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Doctors
- and hospitals often expect immediate payment in cash for treatment.
- Supplemental health insurance which specifically covers overseas
- treatment has proved to be useful. Additional information on health
- problems can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's
- international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559.
-
- Safe Trip Abroad" contains information on safeguarding valuables and
- protection of personal security which may be of use. It is
- available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
- Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
-
- Drug Penalties: Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in
- illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect
- jail sentences and fines.
-
- Tips For Travelers: The Department of State publication "Tips for
- Travelers to South Asia" contains general information on the area.
- It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
- Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402.
-
- Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in
- Islamabad or the Consulates General in Karachi, Lahore or Peshawar
- can obtain updated information on travel and security in Pakistan.
-
- No. 93-008
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 19) H-1 Visa Info: Mexico & Canada + H-4 Visa Info
-
- H-1 VISA INFO: (Juarez Mexico)
- ------------------------------
-
- By:qqazi@nmsu.edu (Qadeer Ahmed Qazi) 23 May 1994
-
- Information on getting visa in Juarez, Mexico
- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
- Jurez, Mexico is twin city of El Paso, Texas. Reach in El Paso in the
- evening and in the early morning go to Juarez, Mexico. It is one day
- project so you can plan to come back in the evening.
-
- Juarez is kind of part of USA, you can always come back with valid I-94 if
- some reason visa is rejected. Mostly not.
-
- Be at the consulate at 6:00 AM, take following documents with you:
-
- 1) Valid passport
- 2) One photograph (if color then background should be white)
- 3) $ 100.00 fee if from India (No fee for Pakistanis)
- 4) Valid I-20
- 5) Documents for financial aid
- 6) Bank statement
- 7) Transcripts (of last semester)
-
- Please do not say that you need visa to go to your home country, because
- the answer would be simple "go and get new visa from there." Mostly you
- would be done by 1:00 PM. If you are driving than stay in El Paso and go
- to Juarez in the morning.There is a secure parking beside consulate with
- parking fee of $3.00. If you are flying into El Paso, then reach early
- and you can find a motel in Juarez.
-
- An experience from a fellow is cited below:
- ------------------------------------------
- 1. a. Juarez time = El Paso time (Mountain) (April - October)
- b. Juarez time = CST( 1 hour ahead of El Paso time in the other months
- of the year)
- Lot of people there thought Juarez was 1 hour ahead as this was mentioned
- so in the old stories.
-
- 2. They processed and gave us the visas by 12.30 PM. The old story said
- visas will be given only after 3.30PM. That could be the case also. So
- make flight arrangements so that you will have time to kill rather than
- hurry and/or miss the flight.
-
- 3. It might be a good idea to carry an umbrella. There is no shelter outside the
- consulate. Also, pack your papers in waterproof material.
-
- 4. At the now famous 'Econo Lodge' they have a little discount for AAA members.
-
- 5. Econo Lodge number is 778 3311. Call from airport and they will pick you up.
-
- 6. It is cheap but conveniently located.
-
- 7. You can talk to the front desk and they will arrange the transport to
- the consulate. In fact, the lady at the front desk called and arranged a
- pickup at 3.30 am in the morning, without my haveing to enquire!!
-
- In any case you can call Victor Garcia at 525 5341 and make arrangements.
- He even has a cellular phone. He charged $10/- apiece for 5 of us.
-
- 8. Tips about filling application:
-
- a. Leave blank what you are not sure about:
- i. What is the purpose of your visit?
- ii. How long do you intend to stay in USA?
- iii. Do you intend to work in the USA(This is NA for H1 applicants)?
- etc.
- b. Put your home country address in the applicant's home address.
-
- 9. Opposite to the consulate there is are couple of stores which will let
- you put your stuff in.
-
- 10. Yesterday, at the least, the consulate security let us bring in our
- briefcases or small bags.
-
- 11. While coming back ask the Mexican cab to drop you at Mexican side of
- border post. >From there walk for 5 mts to the INS visa center.
-
- Once you get your I-94 go ahead the USA side of the border and cabs will be
- waiting.
-
- 12. Questions asked:
- a. What is your work?
- b. Where did you study?
-
-
- H-1 VISA INFO (Canada)
- ----------------------
-
- By: ajay@albali.cs.buffalo.edu Dec 3, 1993
-
- Having obtained an H1 from Quebec yesterday, I guess I can jot down my
- experiences here.
-
- I have dealt with 3 consulates (Toronto, Ottawa and Quebec) in the past
- few weeks, and my experiences with each are given below:
- - Toronto. Effective 15th Nov 1993, the Toronto Consulate will
- take *5* WORKING days to process your application. So, unless
- you have friends in Toronto, and don't mind a week's vacation
- there, avoid Toronto!!
-
- - Ottawa. They don't take walk-in applicants. You simply have
- to fix up an appointment over the phone, and when I called
- in the early November, they gave me a date for Dec 7th.
- I'm not sure, but I think they take atleast a day to process
- your application.
-
- - Montreal. I haven't dealt with the Montreal consulate, but
- rumor has it that they take 3-5 working days also.
-
- - Quebec City. They take 48 hours to process your app.
- They accept applications only on MWF, 9-11AM. Don't bother
- lining up at 6AM; the consulate opens at 9, and as long as
- you get in before 11, it should be OK. The aren't that many
- people waiting to get in anyways. The consulate is located
- near the end of "Terrasse Dufferin" (the end further away
- from Chateau Frontenac), and you can see the flag poles sticking
- out at an angle above the doorways. (No flags on them at nite).
- I went on a Monday, and there were about 12 people requesting
- visas that day. However, when I went to pick up my passport
- on wednesday, I saw only 1 guy handing in his passport. BTW: they
- simply ignore your pleas to hand back the passport the same day;
- don't bother even trying unless there are just a couple of people
- applying for visas.
- If you are planning a trip to Quebec, I suggest you download
- the file "StampingH1inNearAbroad" from the alt.visa.us FTP archives,
- and read the post in there on how to get a visa at Quebec.
-
-
- H-4 Visa Info:
- -------------
-
- H-4 visa is for the spouse of H-1 Visa Holder. There is no delay
- or hold in this category. Spouse may apply any time after the
- marriage, the whole process does not take more than couple of hours.
-
- Spouse need to take the following documents along to the consulate.
-
- a) His/Her own valid passport
- b) Nikah Nama (Marriage Certificate - English trans prefered)
- c) Two passport size pictures
- d) Other Spouse's passport with H-1 Visa already stamped on it.
- e) Letter from other spouse's employer confirming the empolyment
- is current.
- f) Don't forget to take original H-1 letter along.
-
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 20) Baby Names!
-
-
- Female: Razia,RabiaRukhi,ruksana,zeba,shamimara,Rubina,Rabia,Sara,Fouzia,
- Shumaila,Shazia,Shela,Hafza,Fara,Iram,Nadia
- Male : AMIR,ASIM,ASLAM,ZAKI,ZUBAIR,SULEMAN,SALEM,FARAZ,ASAD,FARHAN
- Nadir Sohail Shafiq Sohrab Shumail Noor Qarin
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 21) World Wide Web Home Pages on Pakistan
-
- I have put most of the home pages listed earlier under one home page
- after checking to make sure they still exist. Please send your home
- page URL on Pakistan for listing. Thanks.
-
- Combined HOME Pages URL:
-
- http://alumni.caltech.edu/~mughal/pakistan/pakistan.html
-
-
- --- Previously Listed Home pages ---
-
- A- http://www.egr.uh.edu/~escco/Pakistan.html
- By Fazia Rizvi (st156@jetson.uh.edu)
-
- B- http://www.rpi.edu/~ansars/paksa_locker/pak_mosaic/pakistan.html
- By Salman Ansari (ansars@rpi.edu)
-
- C- http://www.wam.umd.edu/~ghori/
- By Ghanzanfar Khan Gori (ghori@wam.umd.edu)
-
- D- http://cuda3.me.mtu.edu:8023/home/maxwell-a.ee/kmushtaq/.mosaic/pakistan/pakistan.html
- By Kamran Mushtaq (kmushtaq@mtu.edu)
-
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 22) USENET Statistics on Soc.Culture.Pakistan
-
- Per May '94 USENET statistics: Ranking: 316/3135
- Estimated Readership: 100,000
-
- April '94: 283/3190 ; 110,000 readership
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 23) Info on soc.culture.pakistan Reorganization
-
- [This is intended as a brief summary. Please read the separate FAQ
- on newly created soc.culture.pakistan.* newsgroups for details]
-
- After a year or so discussion on 'PakNet' mailing list and initial
- proposal for open discussion. A proposal to expand soc.culture.pakistan with
- the addition of six subnewsgroups was presented on Nov 21, 1995.
-
- A formal 'Call for Votes' was issued on Dec 13, 1995. The vote
- closed on Jan 2, 1996. After a second 'Call for Votes', all following
- groups passed and have been created:
-
- Moderated:
- soc.culture.pakistan.education
- soc.culture.pakistan.history
- soc.culture.pakistan.moderated
-
- UnModerated:
- soc.culture.pakistan.politics
- soc.culture.pakistan.religion
- soc.culture.pakistan.sports
-
- More info on proposed newsgroups is as follows:
-
- NEWSGROUP LINES:
- soc.culture.pakistan.education Education in Pakistan. (Moderated)
- soc.culture.pakistan.history History of Pakistan. (Moderated)
- soc.culture.pakistan.moderated Discussions on Pakistan. (Moderated)
- soc.culture.pakistan.politics Political discussions on Pakistan.
- soc.culture.pakistan.religion Religious discussions related to Pakistan.
- soc.culture.pakistan.sports Sports in Pakistan.
-
- RATIONALE: all groups
-
- The reorganization is being proposed to better address the diversity
- of subjects and the needs of the readers which currently not being
- served by unmoderated soc.culture.pakistan newsgroup.
-
- The traffic on the unmoderated newsgroup soc.culture.pakistan has been
- increasing steadily. It has reached the point where any meaningful
- discussion on any topic related to Pakistan is lost in the high
- traffic & noise. Thus rendering the newsgroup inoperable & unusable
- for serious readership. This situation is also driving serious
- readership away from the newsgroup. Current proposal is to rectify
- this situation by proposing to reorganize the newsgroup into to a
- number of moderated & unmoderated newsgroup based upon specific topics
- of discussion.
-
- In addition to the current traffic of over 200+ messages per day. In the
- next few months, more usenet readers are coming on-line from Pakistan,
- estimated 100,000+.
-
- The current proposal is the essence of discussions held independently
- by at least three separate groups of scp readers. All of them arrived
- at the conclusion to split the newsgroup soc.culture.pakistan.
-
- The proposed hierarchy is intented to provide a foundation for
- subgroups under the hierarchy. The proposed subsgroups will focus on
- specific topics on Pakistan and Pakistani culture. This provides
- medium to express and share ideas, in addition learn from others
- experiences & knowledge.
-
- MODERATION POLICIES: For all three moderated newsgroups:
-
- Namely, soc.culture.pakistan.education
- soc.culture.pakistan.history
- soc.culture.pakistan.moderated
-
- The newsgroups in soc.culture.pakistan.hierarchy slated for moderation
- will be moderated by one group of moderators. The moderators
- submission address & multiple moderation tools are in the process of
- being setup.
-
- The moderation will not be censorship, it is solely for:
-
- 1. keeping the discussion relevant to the topics
- 2. Keeping personal comments out.
- 3. keeping flame/flamebaits out
- 4. keeping discussion civilized.
-
- Further, moderators will enforce standard USENET guidelines for
- postings, that is,
-
- i) No test messages
- ii) No commercial messages
- iii) No anonymous postings
- iv) Postings to be legible
- v) Postings to be in proper format: (not more than
- 80 characters per line)
- vi) Less than 50% quote text.
-
-
- The moderators may resign at their own will or by unanimous vote of
- other moderators if 1. They have no valid email address 2. Have been
- inactive for over six months. Additional moderators may be added by
- unanimous vote of active moderators.
-
- Changes in moderation team & calls for new moderators will be posted on
- the newsgroups.
-
- FACILITATORS: For all three moderated newsgroups:
-
- Namely, soc.culture.pakistan.education
- soc.culture.pakistan.history
- soc.culture.pakistan.moderated
-
- Facilitators are advisors to moderators. Readers interested in advising
- moderators and active in discussing moderation issues. Unlike moderators
- Facilitators will not have posting rights. Facilitators are nominated
- by moderators by mutual agreement.
-
-
- TECHNICAL MODERATOR: For proposed moderated newsgroups. Solely responsible
- for technical aspects, including maintaining submission addresses, updating
- moderators' lists, posting announcements on technical issues. Does not
- review/post regular incoming articles.
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 24) Berkeley Urdu Language Program
-
- BERKELEY URDU LANGUAGE PROGRAM IN PAKISTAN 1997-1998
-
- Background
- The 25th Berkeley Urdu Language Program in Pakistan will provide 30 weeks
- of Urdu instruction in two 15-week terms, with winter and spring breaks,
- from September, 1997 through May, 1998. Particularly well-qualified
- persons unable to spend the entire academic year may apply for one term.
- Independent scholars and faculty members who wish to improve their
- knowledge of Urdu in conjunction with ongoing or planned research are
- encouraged to apply. This is strictly a language program.
-
- Eligibility
- Applicants must be citizens or permanent residents of the United States.
-
- Plan A: Before beginning the program, applicants must have
- completed at least two years of Urdu and/or Hindi, or the equivalent, and
- should have a good knowledge of the Urdu script. Students having completed
- one year of Urdu and/or Hindi by June 1997 are eligible to apply if they
- intend to take an intensive second-year summer Urdu/Hindi course at the
- University of Washington, Seattle, or at the University of Wisconsin,
- Madison during the summer of 1997.
-
- Plan B: Urdu language instruction will be offered to a limited
- number of U.S. scholars conducting research in Pakistan. We can
- accommodate all levels of ability; private tuition may be secured on a
- contingency basis. We encourage American Institute of Pakistan Studies
- fellows to use the BULPIP facilities.
-
- Cost
- The costs to all participants are a $25 application fee and a program fee of
- $2,000 for the full academic year, or $1,300 for one term. Other fees for
- tuition, housing, round-trip air transportation, health insurance, and
- other living expenses may be paid in the following ways:
-
- Plan A: Intensive advanced language students may fund their
- participation in one of three ways:
-
- USIA/NMERTA funding: Contingent upon funding by USIA, a number of full
- fellowships will be awarded to US citizens enrolled in graduate degree
- programs. These will cover tuition, housing, round-trip
- transportation to Pakistan, a maintenance allowance, and health insurance.
- No provision is made for dependents. The Center for South Asia Studies
- awards the fellowships upon acceptance into the program.
-
- FLAS fellowships: If your home institution is a Title VI National Resource
- Center, ask about Foreign Language and Area Studies (FLAS) fellowships.
-
- Private funding. Students may participate on the program using their own
- funds. Ask us about total costs. You must pay all expenses in the United
- States before departing for Pakistan.
-
- Plan B: Those interested in language training other than the
- advanced program should contact us, giving specifics of the level and
- degree of training required. You must pay all expenses in the United
- States, prior to departure for Pakistan.
-
- Deadline
- The application deadline is March 1, 1997. Request applications and
- additional information from
-
- Berkeley Urdu Language Program in Pakistan
- Center for South Asia Studies
- University of California, Berkeley
- 10 Stephens Hall # 2310
- Berkeley, CA 94720-2310
-
- Tel: (510) 642-3608
- Fax: (510) 643-5793
- Email: udrebba@uclink4.berkeley.edu
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 25) Urdu - Dictionary/Fonts/Software
-
- DICTIONARY:
- From: zia@dstos3.dsto.gov.au (Zia Ahmed)
- Subject: Urdu Dictionary (Part 1)
- Date: 3 Dec 1993 01:24:25 GMT
-
- Alphabet
- --------
- Vowel Pronunciation Key
- -----------------------
- a : "u" in "but"
- aa : "a" in "far"
- e : "e" in "bed"
- i : "i" in "fit"
- ee : "ee" in "feet"
- o : "o" in "code"
- u : "u" in "put"
- oo : "oo" in "booed"
- au : "ow" in "how"
- ai : "ei" in "neighbor"
- Notes: 1. ' indicates a glottal stop (pronounced like "uh") in very careful
- ----- speech. Normally, however, it is not pronounced at the beginning
- of a word and in other positions it represents 'aa'.
- 2. The combination 'ah' at the end of a word is pronounced like 'aa'
- or 'e'. For example: 'jagah' could be 'jagaa' or 'jage', i.e., the
- h is silent.
- 3. The combination 'ah' or 'aH' in the middle of a word is pronounced
- like 'e'.
- 4. n. (n period) indicates nasalization.
- 5. a - is used to distinguish between sh and s+h, kh and k+h, etc.
-
- Letter Transcription Remarks
- ------ ------------- -------
- 'alif : a Could also stand for an unspecified initial vowel
- be : b
- pe : p Does not occur in Arabic
- te : t Used in native words
- Te : T Does not occur in Arabic and Persian
- se : s Used in loan words
- jeem : j
- che : ch Does not occur in Arabic
- baRi he : H Used in loan words
- khe : kh
- daal : d
- Daal : D Does not occur in Arabic and Persian
- zaal : z Used in loan words
- re : r
- Re : R Does not occur in Arabic and Persian
- ze : z Used in native words
- zhe : zh Does not occur in Arabic
- seen : s
- sheen : sh
- saad : s Used in loan words
- zaad : z Used in loan words
- to-e : t Used in loan words
- zo-e : z Used in loan words
- ain : ' Could also stand for an unspecified initial vowel
- ghain : gh
- fe : f
- qaaf : q
- kaaf : k
- gaaf : g Does not occur in Arabic
- laam : l
- meem : m
- noon : n
- vaa-o : w Stands for oo/o/au at the end of a word. In the
- middle it could stand for w/oo/o/au
- chhoTi he: h Used in native words
- chhoTi ye: y Stand for ee/e/ai at the end of a word. In the
- middle it could stand for y/ee/e/ai
- baRi ye : y Occurs only at the end of a word and stands for
- e or ai
-
- URDU FONTS:
- ----------
-
- Date: Mon, 06 Nov 1995 13:12:05 -0500 (EST)
- From: ABBASS SYED AKBAR <93abbass@wave.scar.utoronto.ca>
-
- You can find urdu/persian fonts at the following site ;
-
- http://tehran.stanford.edu
-
- and look under PERSIAN EDITORS. There is one called PARSNEGAR. You can
- even download a demo. In addition if you browse around through the WEB
- pages on that site you
-
-
- URDU SOFTWARE:
- ---------------
-
- Subject: Urdu Software call 800-308-8883
- Date: 28 Sep 1994 14:04:36 GMT
-
- Yes call this # if u are looking for an Urdu software. 1-800-308-8883.
-
-
-
-
- ************************************************************************
- ************************************************************************
- -------
- Subject: 26) This FAQ: Archive Info, History & Credits
-
- ARCHIVE INFO:
- This FAQ is archived & availble thru anonymous FTP & world-wide web.
-
- Anonymous FTP:
-
- 1. SITE: rtfm.mit.edu
- Directory: /pub/usenet/news.answers/pakistan/faq
-
- 2. SITE: ftp.uu.net
- Directory: /pub/usenet/news.answers/pakistan/faq
-
-
- Word-Wide Web:
- -------------
-
- URL for USENET FAQs:
- http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/top.html
-
- URL for this FAQ:
- www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/pakistan/faq
-
-
- HISTORY:
-
- V 1.0 Released Dec 25, 1993
- V 1.1 Released Jan 31, 1994 Expanded to 11 Items, new items: #3,#9,#10,#11
- V 1.2 Released Feb 18, 1994 New items in # 11, # 12 Total items 13
- V 1.3 Released Mar 10, 1994 New Items in # 11, # 13. Total items 15
- V 1.4 Released Apr 04, 1994 New item # 14, Total items 16
- V 1.5 Released Apr 29, 1994 Format Touchups
- V 1.6 Released May 06 1994 New items # 1 & # 17 [Auto posting]
- V 1.7 Released May 06 1994
- V 1.8 Released Jun 26 1994 New item #16,#17,#18.Addtions to #21.
- V 1.9 Released July 04 1994 New item # 18 & #21, #22 updated
- V 2.0 Released Nov 18 1994 Expanded # 10, #18, New # 22
- V 2.1 Released Oct 05 1995 Updated WWW entry.
- V 2.2 Released Mar 26 1996 Updated #10, #19 & #25. New #23 & #24
- V 2.3 Released Feb 14 1997 Updated headers,
-
- CREDITS:
-
- As noted by each item.
-
-
- End of Soc.Culture.Pakistan FAQ
- ********************************
- -------
-