ftp.pasteur.org/FAQ//ftp-pasteur-org-FAQ.zip/FAQ/motif-faq/part5

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Subject: Motif FAQ (Part 5 of 9)
Newsgroups: comp.windows.x.motif,comp.answers,news.answers
Keywords: FAQ question answer
From: [e-mail] (Ken Lee)
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Ken Lee)
Approved: [e-mail]
Followup-To: poster
Summary: Motif Frequently Asked Questions (with answers).
Originator: [e-mail]
Date: 04 May 2004 12:59:11 GMT
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Archive-name: motif-faq/part5
Last-modified: 1 FEB 2002
Posting-Frequency: irregular
Organization: Kenton Lee, X/Motif Consultant, http://www.rahul.net/kenton/
URL:  http://www.rahul.net/kenton/mfaq.html
Version: 8.1

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 108)  TOPIC: LIST WIDGET

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 109)  Should I create an XmList widget as a child of automatic
XmScrolledWindow or use the XmCreateScrolledList() convenience function?

Answer: With most implementations, the convenience function use internal hooks
to give somewhat better scrolling performance.

Ken Lee, http://www.rahul.net/kenton/

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 110)  How do I best put a new set of items into a list?

Answer: Set the new list count and list by XtSetArgs and install them by
XtSetValues.

XmString list[SIZE];
int list_size;

XtSetArg (args[n], XmNitemCount, list_size); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNitems, list); n++;
XtSetValues (w, args, n);


or similarly with XtVaSetValues:


XtVaSetValues (w,
    XmNitemCount, list_size,
    XmNitems, list,
    NULL);


Each time the list is reset by this the old contents are freed by the widget
and the new supplied list is copied.  Do *not* free the old list of items
yourself as this would result in the space being freed twice.  It is not
necessary to remove the items one at a time, nor to "zero" out the list first.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 111)  Can I have strings with different fonts in a list?
[Last modified: Sept 95]

Answer: Yes. The strings are XmStrings. Each one can be created using a
different character set using a different font.

However, [e-mail] (ARJAV PARIKH) wrote:

If a string is added to the listbox, the font in the listbox overrides the
font set using XmCreateString.  The Command widget label retains the font set
using XmCreateString.  I read in the MOTIF FAQ that it is possible to add
strings with multiple fonts to the listbox.  I learned from one of the tech
support persons that internal code of the listbox overrides the font.

Madhusudan Poolu ([e-mail]) replied:

You need to create a fontlist for your font and  add it to your listbox widget
using XtVaSetValues ( wList, XmNfontList, yourFontList, NULL).  This technique
can also be used to display multi-font strings in a list box.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 112)  Can I get a bitmap to show in a list item like I can in a
Label?  I want to place a bitmap along with some normal text in my list items.
[Last modified: Jun 2000]

Answer: Andrew Lister ([e-mail]) writes: The XbaeMatrix widget allows
a bitmaps in a cell.  There will be support for colour pixmaps to be displayed
in version 4.4 which should be available very soon. (The XbaeMatrix can be
made to look and behave like a list widget.  The widget is compatible with
Motif 1.2 and Motif 2.0.)

Beginning with version 4.7, XbaeMatrix is being maintained by the Lesstif
project.  The current version is version 4.8.  Source code and a FAQ are
available from:

http://www.lesstif.org/Xbae.html
http://www.lesstif.org/Lessdox/XbaeFAQ.html


Alan Peery ([e-mail]) writes: Motif 2.0 introduced the "container"
widget, which offers 2-D icon and text layout similar to that found in many
file management programs.  It could probably be used as a 1-D list widget
also.

A previous source wrote: In Motif 1.x, you cannot do this.  The list contains
XmStrings, and these only allow text in various character sets. The workaround
is to define your font containing the icons you want. Then you can create a
fontlist containing your icon font and the font you want the text in, and then
make your items multi-segment XmStrings where the first segment contains the
code of the icon you want with a charset that matches the icon font in your
fontlist and the second segment with a charset matching the text font.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 113)  Can I have items with different colors in a list widget?
[Last modified: Jun 2000]

Answer: Andrew Lister ([e-mail]) writes: The XbaeMatrix widget can
have a different foreground and background in each cell, row or column.  (The
XbaeMatrix can be made to look and behave like a list widget.  The widget is
compatible with Motif 1.2 and Motif 2.0.) You can get the latest version of
XbaeMatrix from:
http://www.lesstif.org/Xbae.html

Ken Lee wrote: Not in Motif 1.x.  The list contains XmStrings, and these only
allow text in various character sets.

However, in Motif 2.0 you _can_ have multiple colors in the same list since
colored XmStrings are supported.

Thanks to Ken Lee, http://www.rahul.net/kenton/, for the update.

If you're using Motif 1.2, another possibility is to use SCO Premier Motif
(1.2) library has this extension built into the List widget, along with a few
others. See http://www.premier.sco.com/

Thanks to Richard Offer ([e-mail])

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 114)  How can I line up columns in a list widget?
[Last modified: Jun 2000]

Answer: The simplest answer is to use fixed-width fonts and spaces to line up
columns.  There are also some more general solutions follow.

David Kaelbling <[e-mail]> writes:

Motif 2.x supports tab components in XmStrings.  Insert XmSTRING_COMPONENT_TAB
segments into your XmStrings, either with XmStringComponentCreate() and
XmStringConcatAndFree(), or with the XmStringParseText() api).  Then use
XmStringTableProposeTabList() to get a default set of non-overlapping tabs.
Put that XmNtabList into a rendition in the list's render table.

Andrew Lister ([e-mail]) writes:

The XbaeMatrix can do this too, for both fixed and non fixed width fonts.
(The XbaeMatrix can be made to look and behave like a list widget.  The widget
is compatible with Motif 1.2 and Motif 2.0.) You can get the latest version of
XbaeMatrix from: http://www.lesstif.org/Xbae.html

Ken Lee writes:

Other Motif-compatible and matrix grid and matrix widgets are available.  See
the widgets FAQ for pointers.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 115)  Can I grey out an item in a list widget?  I want to make
insensitive items in a list so that they cannot be selected.
[Last modified: Feb 98]

Answer: W. Scott Meeks of OSF wrote:

Unfortunately, you can't do it directly since the list items aren't individual
widgets.  We've had other requests for this technology, but it didn't make the
cut for 1.2; it should be in some future release.

However, you can probably fake it in your application with some difficulty.
First, a list item is an XmString, so you can specify a different charset for
the item than for other items in the list and then specify a font in the
list's fontlist that matches the charset and gives you the visual you want.
The next problem is making the item unselectable.  One idea would be to have
the application keep track of the insensitive items and the items currently
selected.  Then you would set up a selection callback that when called would
check the item selected against the list of insensitive items and if the
selected item matched would deselect that item and reselect the previously
selected items.  Otherwise it would just update the application's list of
selected items.  The major drawback with this approach is that you'll get
flashing whenever the list selects an item and your application immediately
de-selects.  Unfortunately I can't think of a way around this without mucking
with the list internals.

Another alternative suggested is to use instead a column of say read only text
widgets which you can make insensitive.

Ken Lee adds:  Motif 2.0 allows you to create multi-color XmStrings.  You can
use this feature to grey out specific list items.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 116)  Can I have multi-line items in a list?
[Last modified: August 92]

Answer: Motif 1.0 and 1.1 both have problems with multi-line items in a list.
They should work okay in Motif 1.2.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 117)  How can I tell the position of selected items in a list?
[Last modified: Oct 92]

Answer: W. Scott Meeks wrote:

1) All XmList selection callbacks get an XmListCallbackStruct which includes
the item selected and its position.  In addition, the multiple and extended
selection callbacks also get a list of the selected items.  This approach
requires that your application saves this information if you need it outside
of the immediate callback.

2) At any time you can XtGetValues the XmNselectedItems and
XmNselectedItemCount resources.  The problem with this approach is that
identical items may or may not show up in multiple times in this list and the
position in the selectedItems list may not relate directly to the position in
the items list.

3) You can call XmListGetSelectedPos on the list widget.  This will return a
list of the positions of all selected items.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 118)  How can I configure a scrolled list widget to show a horizontal
scrollbar when some list items are wider than the window?
[Last modified: May 97]

Answer: Set *XmList.listSizePolicy: XmCONSTANT

Ken Lee

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 119)  How can I programatically select all of the items in an XmList?
[Last modified: May 98]

Answer: Invoke the same action that "C-/" uses for selecting everything.  Try
something like:

XtCallActionProc(list, "ListKbdSelectAll", event, NULL, 0);

If you don't have an event handy passing NULL for it will probably work too.
The lack of an XmListSelectAllItems() api was just an oversight.

David KAELBLING <[e-mail]>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 120)  TOPIC: FILE SELECTION BOX WIDGET

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 121)  What is libPW.a and do I need it?  My manual says I need to
link in libPW.a to use the File Selection Box.  I can't find it on my system.
[Last modified: Sept 94]

Answer: The libPW.a is the Programmers Workbench library which is an ATT
product not included in Berkeley based systems, hence it is not found in SunOS
or Ultrix, but is found on HP-UX (a Berkeley/ATT hybrid which chose ATT in
this case).  It contains the regex(3) routines (regcmp, regex).  Some systems
which don't have these in the libc.a need to link with -lPW.  Some systems
which have the regex(3) routines in there also have the libPW.a.  If you have
regex(3) in libc, and it works, don't link with libPW.  If you don't have
regex(3) in libc, and you don't have a libPW, then check some sites on the net
for public domain replacements (several exist), or call your vendor.

In most versions of Motif (see the doco), you can compile FileSB.c with
-DNO_REGEX if you don't have it.


Casper H.S. Dik ([e-mail]), Faculty of Mathematics & Computer Science,
University of Amsterdam, sent this update for Solaris 2.x users:

The regex and regcmp function are part of libgen in SVR4.  Motif applications
should be linked with -lgen. (However, some SVR4 implementations, especially
those of vendors that once shipped SVR3 still contain libPW.)

On Solaris 2.x system, you'll need libgen which is located in /usr/ccs/lib.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 122)  What are these compile errors: Undefined symbol _regcmp and
_regex?
[Last modified: Sept 94]

Answer: You need to link in the libPW or libgen library - see previous
question.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 123)  What's wrong with the Motif 1.0 File Selection Box?  I can't
set the directory, change the directory or get the file mask to work.

Answer: The 1.0 File Selection Box is broken, and these don't work.  They
weren't fixed until Motif 1.04.  Use these later versions of 1.0 or switch to
Motif 1.1 where it changed a lot.

Joe Hildebrand has a work-around for some of this: Before popping up an
XmFileSelectionDialog, change to the directory you want.  When a file is
selected, check if it is a directory, so that we can change to it.  i.e.

static void show_file_box_CB(w, client_data, call_data)
Widget               w;
Widget               client_data;
XmAnyCallbackStruct  *call_data;
{
chdir("/users/hildjj/files");
XtManageChild(client_data);
}

static void val_save(w, client_data, call_data)
Widget       w;
Widget       client_data;
XmSelectionBoxCallbackStruct *call_data;
{
struct stat buf;  /* struct stat is defined in stat.h */
char *filename;

/* get the file name from the FileSelectionBox */
filename = SmX(call_data->value);

/* get the status of the file named filename, and put it into buf */
if (!stat(filename, &buf))
{
/* if it's a directory */
/* if it's a directory */
if(S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode))
{
 /* change to that directory, and update the FileSelectionBox */
chdir(filename);
XmFileSelectionDoSearch(w, NULL);
}
else
 /* if it's a regular file */
 if(S_ISREG(buf.st_mode))
    /* ask if it should be overwritten */
    XtManageChild(valbox);
 else
    /* it's another kind of file.  What type, i can't think of,
       but it might happen */
    pop_up_error_box(client_data, "Error saving file");
}
else  /* we couldn't get the file status */
{
/* if it's because the file doesn't exist, we're golden */
if (errno == ENOENT)
 save_file();
else   /* there is some other problem getting the status.
        e.g. bad path */
 pop_up_error_box(client_data, "Error saving file");
}
}

this still doesn't implement the file masking stuff.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 124)  How can I keep my file selection boxes from resizing when I
change directories or filters?
[Last modified: May 97]

Answer: Set XmNresizePolicy (XmFileSelectionDialog is a subclass of
XmBulletinBoard) to XmRESIZE_NONE.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 125)  What's wrong with the FileSelectionBox under Solaris?
[Last modified: May 97]

Answer: Jim Guyton ([e-mail]) writes:

While not strictly a Motif problem, this one had me confused for [awhile].

If under Solaris the entries in a FileSelectionBox look strange and seem to be
missing the first two characters of many filenames, then be sure you're
linking -lc before -lucb.

If on the other hand, the filenames look strange and seem to have two garbage
characters in front of every filename, be sure to link -lucb before -lc.

There are two versions of readdir().  The one in -lucb returns a structure
that has the filename at an offset of 8 bytes (which matches
/usr/ucbinclude/sys/dir.h).

But the version in -lc returns the filename at an offset of 10 bytes (which
matches /usr/include/dirent.h).

So depending on how Motif was built for your Solaris, vs. how you link your
application, your filenames could be two bytes off in either direction.


Harry Cohen ([e-mail]) writes: I also had this problem
(the missing horizontal scroll bar with Solaris 2.5.1 and 2.4) and have talked
with Sun. This is a problem with the Sun Motif library in /usr/dt/lib.

You need to install the following Sun patches to correct this problem: For
Solaris 2.5.1: patch 103461-03 For Solaris 2.4:   patch 102226-19

Note: For Solaris 2.4, the horizontal scroll problem existed in a previous
patch release, so most people haven't seen it.


Scott W. Sadler ([e-mail]) writes: We had this same problem, and it took
a while to figure it out.  If you use the Motif libraries out of /usr/dt/lib,
the file selection box gives the problem you indicate.  However, if you use
the Motif libraries out of /opt/SUNWspro/Motif_Solaris24/dt/lib, all is fine.

Make sure your LD_LIBRARY_PATH, is set correctly to pick up the right shared
libraries at run time.  Also check out the "-R" option to the linker to encode
the library search paths.  Finally use the "ldd" program to make sure that you
are picking up the correct libraries.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 126)  TOPIC: FORM WIDGET


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 127)  Why don't labels in a Form resize when the label is changed?
I've got some labels in a form. The labels don't resize whenever the label
string resource is changed. As a result, the operator has to resize the window
to see the new label contents. I am using Motif 1.1.

Answer: This problem may happen to any widget inside a Form widget. The
problem was that the Form will resize itself when it gets geometry requests
from its children. If its preferred size is not allowed, the Form will
disallow all geometry requests from its children. The workaround is that you
should set any ancestor of the Form to be resizable. For the shell which
contains the Form you should set the shell resource XmNallowShellResize to be
True (by default, it is set to FALSE).  There is currently an inconsistency on
how resizing is being done, and it may get fixed in Motif 1.2.

[e-mail] (Danny Backx) wrote:

Basically what you have to do is set the XmNresizePolicy on the Form to
XmRESIZE_NONE.  The facts seem to be that XmRESIZE_NONE does NOT mean "do not
allow resizes".  You may also have to set XmNresizable on the form to True.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 128)  How can I center a widget in a form?
[Last modified: Nov 96]

Answer: One of Motif's trickier questions.  The problems are that: Form gives
no support for centering, only for edge attachments, and the widget must stay
in the center if the form or the widget is resized.  Just looking at
horizontal centering (vertical is similar) some solutions are:

 a.  Use the table widget instead of Form.  A hack free solution is from Dan
     Heller:

     /* Written by Dan Heller.  Copyright 1991, O'Reilly && Associates.
     * This program is freely distributable without licensing fees and
     * is provided without guarantee or warranty expressed or implied.
     * This program is -not- in the public domain.  This program is
     * taken from the Motif Programming Manual, O'Reilly Volume 6.
     */

     /* corners.c -- demonstrate widget layout management for a
     * BulletinBoard widget.  There are four widgets each labeled
     * top-left, top-right, bottom-left and bottom-right.  Their
     * positions in the bulletin board correspond to their names.
     * Only when the widget is resized does the geometry management
     * kick in and position the children in their correct locations.
     */
     #include <Xm/BulletinB.h>
     #include <Xm/PushBG.h>

     char *corners[] = {
     "Top-Left", "Top-Right", "Bottom-Left", "Bottom-Right",
     };

     static void resize();

     main(argc, argv)
     int argc;
     char *argv[];
     {
     Widget toplevel, bboard;
     XtAppContext app;
     XtActionsRec rec;
     int i;

     /* Initialize toolkit and create toplevel shell */
     toplevel = XtVaAppInitialize(&app, "Demos", NULL, 0,
     &argc, argv, NULL, NULL);

     /* Create your standard BulletinBoard widget */
     bboard = XtVaCreateManagedWidget("bboard",
     xmBulletinBoardWidgetClass, toplevel, NULL);

     /* Set up a translation table that captures "Resize" events
     * (also called ConfigureNotify or Configure events).  If the
     * event is generated, call the function resize().
     */
     rec.string = "resize";
     rec.proc = resize;
     XtAppAddActions(app, &rec, 1);

     /******** WARNING! Next statement is questionable in 1996. See
     ******** "Can you reuse the return value from XtParseTranslationTable?"
     ******** If someone corrects this code, send it to [e-mail]
     ********/

     XtOverrideTranslations(bboard,
     XtParseTranslationTable("<Configure>: resize()"));

     /* Create children of the dialog -- a PushButton in each corner. */
     for (i = 0; i < XtNumber(corners); i++)
     XtVaCreateManagedWidget(corners[i],
         xmPushButtonGadgetClass, bboard, NULL);

     XtRealizeWidget(toplevel);
     XtAppMainLoop(app);
     }

     /* resize(), the routine that is automatically called by Xt upon the
     * delivery of a Configure event.  This happens whenever the widget
     * gets resized.
     */
     static void
     resize(w, event, args, num_args)
     CompositeWidget w;   /* The widget (BulletinBoard) that got resized */
     XConfigureEvent *event;  /* The event struct associated with the event */
     String args[]; /* unused */
     int *num_args; /* unused */
     {
     WidgetList children;
     int width = event->width;
     int height = event->height;
     Dimension w_width, w_height;
     short margin_w, margin_h;

     /* get handle to BulletinBoard's children and marginal spacing */
     XtVaGetValues(w,
     XmNchildren, &children,
     XmNmarginWidth, &margin_w,
     XmNmarginHeight, &margin_h,
     NULL);

     /* place the top left widget */
     XtVaSetValues(children[0],
     XmNx, margin_w,
     XmNy, margin_h,
     NULL);

     /* top right */
     XtVaGetValues(children[1], XmNwidth, &w_width, NULL);

     /* To Center a widget in the middle of the BulletinBoard (or Form),
     * simply call:
     *   XtVaSetValues(widget,
       XmNx,    (width - w_width)/2,
       XmNy,    (height - w_height)/2,
       NULL);
     * and return.
     */
     XtVaSetValues(children[1],
     XmNx, width - margin_w - w_width,
     XmNy, margin_h,
     NULL);

     /* bottom left */
     XtVaGetValues(children[2], XmNheight, &w_height, NULL);
     XtVaSetValues(children[2],
     XmNx, margin_w,
     XmNy, height - margin_h - w_height,
     NULL);

     /* bottom right */
     XtVaGetValues(children[3],
     XmNheight, &w_height,
     XmNwidth, &w_width,
     NULL);
     XtVaSetValues(children[3],
     XmNx, width - margin_w - w_width,
     XmNy, height - margin_h - w_height,
     NULL);
     }

 b.  No uil solution has been suggested, because of the widget size problem.

 c.  Cameron Hayne ([e-mail]) suggests another solution:

     Attach the widget with XmATTACH_POSITION but offset it by half of its
     width.  You will likely have to create the widget first and then query it
     to find out its width. Thus the following function is useful - you can
     call it immediately after the widget is created.

     void    center_it(Widget wgt)
     {
     Dimension       width;
     XtVaGetValues(wgt, XmNwidth, &width, NULL);
     XtVaSetValues(wgt, XmNleftAttachment, XmATTACH_POSITION,
                     XmNleftPosition, 50,  /* assumes fractionBase is 100 */
                     XmNleftOffset, -width/2, NULL);
     }

     The idea is: get the size of the widget and then offset it by half that
     much from position 50.  The above function will likely only work for
     primitive widgets if you call it immediately after the widget is created.
     For manager widgets you will likely have to wait to call the center_it()
     function until after the widget has been realized since it is only then
     that a manager widget's size is finally determined.  (Refer to discussion
     by Daniel Dardailler "Application's Geometry Management Advanced
     Guidelines" in this FAQ.)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 129)  How do I line up two columns of widgets of different types?  I
have a column of say label widgets, and a column of text widgets and I want to
have them lined up horizontally. The problem is that they are of different
heights. Just putting them in a form or rowcolumn doesn't line them up
properly because the label and text widgets are of different height.

If you want the geometry to look like this

  -------------------------------------
 |          -------------------------- |
 |a label  |Some text                 ||
 |          -------------------------- |
                   ------------------- |
 |a longer label  |Some more text     ||
 |                 ------------------- |
 |                    ---------------- |
 |a very long label  |Even more text  ||
 |                    ---------------- |
  -------------------------------------

try

/* Written by Dan Heller.  Copyright 1991, O'Reilly && Associates.
* This program is freely distributable without licensing fees and
* is provided without guarantee or warranty expressed or implied.
* This program is -not- in the public domain.  This program is
* taken from the Motif Programming Manual, O'Reilly Volume 6.
*/

/* text_form.c -- demonstrate how attachments work in Form widgets.
* by creating a text-entry form type application.
*/

#include <Xm/PushB.h>
#include <Xm/PushBG.h>
#include <Xm/LabelG.h>
#include <Xm/Text.h>
#include <Xm/Form.h>

char *prompts[] = {
"Name:", "Phone:", "Address:",
"City:", "State:", "Zip:",
};

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
Widget toplevel, mainform, subform, label, text;
XtAppContext app;
char buf[32];
int i;

toplevel = XtVaAppInitialize(&app, "Demos", NULL, 0,
&argc, argv, NULL, NULL);

mainform = XtVaCreateWidget("mainform",
xmFormWidgetClass, toplevel,
NULL);

for (i = 0; i < XtNumber(prompts); i++) {
subform = XtVaCreateWidget("subform",
    xmFormWidgetClass,   mainform,
    /* first one should be attached for form */
    XmNtopAttachment,    i? XmATTACH_WIDGET : XmATTACH_FORM,
    /* others are attached to the previous subform */
    XmNtopWidget,        subform,
    XmNleftAttachment,   XmATTACH_FORM,
    XmNrightAttachment,  XmATTACH_FORM,
    NULL);
label = XtVaCreateManagedWidget(prompts[i],
    xmLabelGadgetClass,  subform,
    XmNtopAttachment,    XmATTACH_FORM,
    XmNbottomAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM,
    XmNleftAttachment,   XmATTACH_FORM,
    XmNalignment,        XmALIGNMENT_BEGINNING,
    NULL);
sprintf(buf, "text_%d", i);
text = XtVaCreateManagedWidget(buf,
    xmTextWidgetClass,   subform,
    XmNtopAttachment,    XmATTACH_FORM,
    XmNbottomAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM,
    XmNrightAttachment,  XmATTACH_FORM,
    XmNleftAttachment,   XmATTACH_WIDGET,
    XmNleftWidget,       label,
    NULL);
XtManageChild(subform);
}
/* Now that all the forms are added, manage the main form */
XtManageChild(mainform);

XtRealizeWidget(toplevel);
XtAppMainLoop(app);
}

If you resize horizontally it stretches the text widgets.  If you resize
vertically it leaves space under the bottom (if you don't resize, this is not
problem).

If you want the text widgets to be lined up on the left, as in

  ----------------------------------------
 |                    ------------------- |
 |          a label  |Some text          ||
 |                    ------------------- |
                      ------------------- |
 |   a longer label  |Some more text     ||
 |                    ------------------- |
 |                    ------------------- |
 |a very long label  |Even more text     ||
 |                    ------------------- |
  ----------------------------------------

try this

/* Written by Dan Heller.  Copyright 1991, O'Reilly && Associates.
* This program is freely distributable without licensing fees and
* is provided without guarantee or warranty expressed or implied.
* This program is -not- in the public domain.  This program is
* taken from the Motif Programming Manual, O'Reilly Volume 6.
*/

/* text_entry.c -- This demo shows how the RowColumn widget can be
* configured to build a text entry form.  It displays a table of
* right-justified Labels and Text widgets that extend to the right
* edge of the Form.
*/
#include <Xm/LabelG.h>
#include <Xm/RowColumn.h>
#include <Xm/Text.h>

char *text_labels[] = {
"Name:", "Phone:", "Address:", "City:", "State:", "Zip:",
};

main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
Widget toplevel, rowcol;
XtAppContext app;
char buf[8];
int i;

toplevel = XtVaAppInitialize(&app, "Demos", NULL, 0,
&argc, argv, NULL, NULL);

rowcol = XtVaCreateWidget("rowcolumn",
xmRowColumnWidgetClass, toplevel,
XmNpacking,        XmPACK_COLUMN,
XmNnumColumns,     XtNumber(text_labels),
XmNorientation,    XmHORIZONTAL,
XmNisAligned,      True,
XmNentryAlignment, XmALIGNMENT_END,
NULL);

/* simply loop thru the strings creating a widget for each one */
for (i = 0; i < XtNumber(text_labels); i++) {
XtVaCreateManagedWidget(text_labels[i],
    xmLabelGadgetClass, rowcol,
    NULL);
sprintf(buf, "text_%d", i);
XtVaCreateManagedWidget(buf,
    xmTextWidgetClass, rowcol,
    NULL);
}

XtManageChild(rowcol);
XtRealizeWidget(toplevel);
XtAppMainLoop(app);
}

This makes all objects exactly the same size.  It does not resize in nice
ways.

If you want the text widgets lined up on the left, and the labels to be the
size of the longest string, resizing nicely both horizontally and vertically,
as in

 -------------------------------------
|                    ---------------- |
|          a label  |Some text       ||
|                    ---------------- |
                     ---------------- |
|   a longer label  |Some more text  ||
|                    ---------------- |
|                    ---------------- |
|a very long label  |Even more text  ||
|                    ---------------- |
 -------------------------------------


Answer: Do this: to get the widgets lined up horizontally, use a form but
place the widgets using XmATTACH_POSITION.  In the example, attach the top of
the first label to the form, the bottomPosition to 33 (33% of the height).
Attach the topPosition of the second label to 33 and the bottomPosition to 66.
Attach the topPosition of the third label to 66 and the bottom of the label to
the form.  Do the same with the text widgets.

To get the label widgets lined up vertically, use the right attachment of
XmATTACH_OPPOSITE_WIDGET: starting from the one with the longest label, attach
widgets on the right to each other. In the example, attach the 2nd label to
the third, and the first to the second.  To get the text widgets lined up,
just attach them on the left to the labels.  To get the text in the labels
aligned correctly, use XmALIGNMENT_END for the XmNalignment resource.

/* geometry for label 2
*/
n = 0;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNalignment, XmALIGNMENT_END); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNleftAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNbottomAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNtopAttachment, XmATTACH_POSITION); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNtopPosition, 66); n++;
XtSetValues (label[2], args, n);

/* geometry for label 1
*/
n = 0;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNalignment, XmALIGNMENT_END); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNbottomAttachment, XmATTACH_POSITION); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNbottomPosition, 66); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNtopAttachment, XmATTACH_POSITION); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNtopPosition, 33); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNleftAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNrightAttachment, XmATTACH_OPPOSITE_WIDGET); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNrightWidget, label[2]); n++;
XtSetValues (label[1], args, n);

/* geometry for label 0
*/
n = 0;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNalignment, XmALIGNMENT_END); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNbottomAttachment, XmATTACH_POSITION); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNbottomPosition, 33); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNtopAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNleftAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNrightAttachment, XmATTACH_OPPOSITE_WIDGET); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNrightWidget, label[1]); n++;
XtSetValues (label[0], args, n);

/* geometry for text 0
*/
n = 0;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNtopAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNbottomAttachment, XmATTACH_POSITION); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNbottomPosition, 33); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNrightAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNleftAttachment, XmATTACH_WIDGET); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNleftWidget, label[0]); n++;
XtSetValues (text[0], args, n);

/* geometry for text 1
*/
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNtopAttachment, XmATTACH_POSITION); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNtopPosition, 33); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNbottomAttachment, XmATTACH_POSITION); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNbottomPosition, 66); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNrightAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNleftAttachment, XmATTACH_WIDGET); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNleftWidget, label[1]); n++;
XtSetValues (text[1], args, n);

/* geometry for text 2
*/
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNtopAttachment, XmATTACH_POSITION); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNtopPosition, 66); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNrightAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNleftAttachment, XmATTACH_WIDGET); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNleftWidget, label[2]); n++;
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNbottomAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM); n++;
XtSetValues (text[2], args, n);


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 130)  TOPIC: PUSHBUTTON WIDGET

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 131)  Why doesn't the enter or return key activate the button with
focus?
[Last modified: Sep 98]

Answer: Motif uses the return key to activate the default button on dialogs,
bulletin boards, and forms.  You can use the space key to activate the focus
button.  These are they same keyboard shortcuts as MS-Windows.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 132)  Why can't I use accelerators on buttons not in a menu?
[Last modified: Sept 94]

Answer: It is apparently a difficult feature to implement, but OSF are
considering this for the future. It is problematic trying to use the Xt
accelerators since the Motif method interferes with this.  one workaround
suggested is to duplicate your non-menu button by a button in a menu
somewhere, which does have a menu-accelerator installed.  When the user
invokes what they think is the accelerator for the button they can see Motif
actually invokes the button on the menu that they can't see at the time.
Another method is described below and was contributed by Harald Albrecht of
Institute of Geometry and Practical Mathematics Rhine Westphalia Technical
University Aachen (RWTH Aachen), Germany


[e-mail] wrote (Jul 8, 1993):

NOTE: Pointers to a more recent solution by the same author follow this code
sample.

My work-around of this problem looks like this: (I've written that code for a
Motif Object Library in C++ so please forgive me for being object orientated!)
The hack consists of a rewritten message loop which checks for keypresses
<MAlt>+<key>. If MessageLoop() finds such a keypress HandleAcc() ist called
and the widget tree is searched for a suitable widget with the right mnemonic.


// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// traverse the widget tree starting with the given widget.
//
BOOL TraverseWidgetTree(Widget w, char *pMnemonic, XKeyEvent *KeyEvent)
{
Widget               wChild;
WidgetList               ChildList;
int                      NumChilds, Child;
KeySym               LabelMnemonic;
char                 *pMnemonicString;

// Check if the widget is a subclass of label -- then it may have an
// accelerator attached...
if ( XtIsSubclass(w, xmLabelWidgetClass) ) {
// ok. Now: get the widget's mnemonic, convert it to ASCII and compare
// it with the Key we're looking for.
XtVaGetValues(w, XmNmnemonic, &LabelMnemonic, NULL);
pMnemonicString = XKeysymToString(LabelMnemonic);
if ( pMnemonicString &&
     (strcasecmp(pMnemonicString, pMnemonic) == 0) ) {
    // stimulate the keypress
    XmProcessTraversal((Widget)w, XmTRAVERSE_CURRENT);
    KeyEvent->type      = KeyPress;
    KeyEvent->window    = XtWindow(w);
    KeyEvent->subwindow = XtWindow(w);
    KeyEvent->state     = 0;
    KeyEvent->keycode   =
        XKeysymToKeycode(XtDisplay(w), XK_space);
    XSendEvent(XtDisplay(w), XtWindow(w),
               True,
               ButtonPressMask, (XEvent*) KeyEvent);
    KeyEvent->type      = KeyRelease;
    XSendEvent(XtDisplay(w), XtWindow(w),
               True,
               ButtonReleaseMask, (XEvent*) KeyEvent);
    return True;
}
}
// if this widget is a subclass of Composite check all the widget's
// childs.
if ( XtIsSubclass(w, compositeWidgetClass) ) {
// if we're in a menu (or something like that) forget this leaf of the
// widget tree!
if ( XtIsSubclass(w, xmRowColumnWidgetClass) ) {
    unsigned char RowColumnType;
    XtVaGetValues(w, XmNrowColumnType, &RowColumnType, NULL);
    if ( RowColumnType != XmWORK_AREA ) return False;
}
XtVaGetValues(w, XmNchildren, &ChildList,
                 XmNnumChildren, &NumChilds, NULL);
for ( Child = 0; Child < NumChilds; ++Child ) {
    wChild = ChildList[Child];
    if ( TraverseWidgetTree(wChild, pMnemonic, KeyEvent) )
        return True;
}
}
return False;
} // TraverseWidgetTree
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// handle accelerators (keypress MAlt + key)
//
#define MAX_MAPPING 10
BOOL HandleAcc(Widget w, XEvent *event)
{
   Widget         widget, OldWidget;
static char           keybuffer[MAX_MAPPING];
   int            CharCount;
static XComposeStatus composeStatus;

// convert KeyPress to ASCII
CharCount = XLookupString((XKeyEvent*) event,
                      keybuffer, sizeof(keybuffer),
                      NULL, &composeStatus);
keybuffer[CharCount] = 0;
// Only one char is alright -- then search the widget tree for a widget
// with the right mnemonic
if ( CharCount == 1 ) {
keybuffer[0] = tolower(keybuffer[0]);
widget = w;
while ( (widget != NULL) &&
        !XtIsSubclass(widget, shellWidgetClass) ) {
    OldWidget = widget; widget = XtParent(widget);
}
if ( !widget ) widget = OldWidget;
return TraverseWidgetTree(widget,
                          keybuffer, (XKeyEvent*) event);
}
return False; // no-one found.
} // HandleAcc
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// modified message loop
// loops until the Boolean pFlag points to is set to False
void MessageLoop(Boolean *pFlag)
{
XEvent nextEvent;

while ( *pFlag ) {
if ( XtAppPending(AppContext) ) {
    XtAppNextEvent(AppContext, &nextEvent);
    if ( nextEvent.type == KeyPress ) {
// Falls es ein Tastendruck ist, bei dem auch noch die ALT-Taste
// (=Modifier 1) gedrueckt ist, koennte es ein Accelerator sein!
        if ( nextEvent.xkey.state & Mod1Mask )
            if ( HandleAcc(XtWindowToWidget(nextEvent.xkey.display,
                                            nextEvent.xkey.window),
                           &nextEvent) )
                continue; // Mitteilung konnte ausgeliefert werden
                          // und darf daher nicht den ueblichen
                          // Weg gehen!
    }
    XtDispatchEvent(&nextEvent);
}
}
} // TApplication::MessageLoop


Harald Albrecht [e-mail] Institute of Geometry and
Practical Mathematics Rhine Westphalia Technical University Aachen (RWTH
Aachen), Germany

NOTE: Harald Albrecht has re-designed his solution so that you can assign
hotkeys to *every* widget by placing a label near that widget. Get the code
from:

ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de (137.226.112.172) in:
/pub/packages/Mnemonic/Mnemonic.tar.gz

or from the WWW:

file://134.130.161.30/arc/pub/unix/html/motifcorner.html

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 133)  TOPIC: TOGGLEBUTTON WIDGET

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 134)  What widgets give the look of push buttons, but behavior of
toggle buttons?

Answer: Use the XmToggleButton widget, setting XmNindicatorOn to False and
XmNshadowThickness to 2.  Also set XmNfillOnSelect to True. Otherwise, the
background color of the button will not stay in the "armed" state.

In Motif 1.2 (and later), if you specify a XmNselectColor and set
XmNindicatorOn to False, then you need to set XmNfillOnSelect to True.
XmNfillOnSelect is not necessary if you are not setting a XmNselectColor.

Glenn McMillen, [e-mail] and Ken Lee

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 135)  Can I customize XmToggleButton to use my own indicator graphic
(e.g., a check mark)?
[Last modified: Nov 96]

Answer: There is no direct resource for the graphic.  One way to work around
this is to disable the indicator (XmNindicatorOn False) and then install
selected/unselected pixmaps containing both your graphic and your text
(XmNselectPixmap and XmNselectPixmap).  Also disable the button shadows
(XmNshadowThickness 0) if you don't want those.

Ken Lee

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 136)  TOPIC: ICON WIDGET and PIXMAPS

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 137)  What is XPM?
[Last modified: Sept 98]

Answer: XPM is file format for color images.  A programming libary is also
available.  XPM is based on the standard XBM monochrome file format and Xlib
related convenience functions.

The XPM home page is: http://www.inria.fr/koala/lehors/xpm.html It has pointes
to the source code and detailed documentation.

Ken Lee

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 138)  How do I convert my XPM file into a Pixmap?
[Last modified: Sept 98]

Answer: Motif 2.0 and later contain an XPM-to-pixmap resource converter, so
you can specify your pixmaps as resources.

In Motif 1.2, you have to use the XPM library to load the XPM files.

Ken Lee

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 139)  How can I display a multi-color image in a widget?
[Last modified: Sept 95]

Answer: Get the XPM library and read the documentation.  Get xpaint from
ftp.x.org, also get the jpeg and tiff libraries on the internet.  From these
you can easily create the code to read in gif, jpeg, and tiff.

Read the images into and XpmImage format.  Then use one of the Xpm conveneince
functions to create wither an XImage or a Pixmap from your data.  The xpm lib
will take care of the color allocation and Pixmap/XImage creation, then you
can just use expose routines to copy the Pixmap into a dialog or any
window....

Thanks to Ramiro Estrugo ([e-mail])

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 140)  Can I use XmGetPixmap in Motif 1.2 to create colored images?
[Last modified: Oct 95]

Answer: Doug Rand ([e-mail]) writes:

XmGetPixmap only converts XBM [X bitmap] files in 1.2.  In 2.0 it supports XPM
[X Pixmap] files.  You can register a more capable converter and set the
pixmap via resources as a workaround.  You can also use libXpm
directly...[Note that] even now there isn't a "standard" color pixmap file
format.  There are several.  It is relatively recently that many people have
settled on XPM.  But even so not everyone has done this.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 141)  Why does XpmCreatePixmapFromData fail with a pixmap containing
a large number of colors?  XpmCreatePixmapFromData gives me a -4 errno (which
is XpmColorFailed) when I try using a pixmap with 242 colors
[Last modified: Oct 95]

Answer: Ramiro Estrugo ([e-mail]) writes:

If you are allocating 242 colors in an 8 bit display, then you are likely to
run out of colors.  If you carefully read the Xpm manual, you will notice that
one of the Xpm values that you can modify is the "closeness".  This value will
control the actual closness of the colors allocated by the Xpm library.
According to the Xpm manual:

o The "closeness" field(s) (when set) control if and how colors
are found when they failed to be allocated.  If the color cannot
be allocated, Xpm looks in the colormap for a color that matches
the desired closeness.

o The value is an integer in the range 0 (black) - 65535 (white)

o A closeness of less than 10000 will cause only "close" colors to
match.

o A cliseness of more than 50000 will allow quite disimilar colors
to match.

o A closeness of more than 65535 will allow any color to match.

o A value of 40000 seems reasonable for many situations requiring
reasonable but not perfect color matches.

Try it and your application is less likely to die or look "ugly" due to the
lack of colors.  The worst that can happed is that the colors you get are not
100% what you wanted them to be.  Most of the time, you might not even notice
the difference.  This is usually due to badly designed icons or duplicate
color entries (close rgb values) in .xpm files.

NOTE: for even more control over Xpm color allocation, you can control the
closeness of each RGB color component individually.

For example:

XpmAttributes   attrib;
int             valuemask;
attrib.valuemask |= XpmCloseness;
attrib.closeness = 40000;

/* also */

attrib.valuemask |= XpmRGBCloseness;
attrib.red_closeness = RED_CLOSENESS;
attrib.green_closeness = GREEN_CLOSENESS;
attrib.blue_closeness = BLUE_CLOSENESS;
pix = XpmCreateXYZFromABC(...,&attrib);

Also, look in the Xpm documentation for more color control parameters.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 142)  How can I convert a Sun/GIF/TIFF image to a pixmap?
[Last modified: Oct 94]

Answer: An application called "xv" (interactive image display for the X Window
System) is useful for displaying and converting many image formats. From the
man page:

xv is an X11 program that displays images in the GIF,  JPEG,
TIFF,  PBM, PGM, PPM, X11 bitmap, PDS/VICAR, Sun Rasterfile,
and PM formats on 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 16-, 24-, and 32-bit X
displays.   xv  will also read compress-ed versions of these
files.

You can get "xv" (shareware by John Bradley et al) from:

ftp://ftp.cis.upenn.edu/pub/xv
or:
ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xv-3.01.tar.gz

Another useful conversion package is "pbm" (portable bitmap file format) by
Jef Poskanzer et al, available from:

ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/netpbm-1mar1994.tar.gz
or:
ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/pbmplus10dec91.tar.Z (much older :-)

You might also want to check the X11 FAQ for additional conversion options:

ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/faqs/FAQ


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 143)  How can I use Motif's pre-defined pixmaps?
[Last modified: May 97]

Answer: Motif 1.2 loads the following into its image cache: background,
25_foreground, 50_foreground, 75_foreground, horizontal, vertical,
slant_right, and slant_left.  These are defined in "man XmInstallImage".  You
can retrieve them with XmGetPixmap or XmGetPixmapByDepth.

Ken Lee

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 144)  TOPIC: SCALE AND SCROLLBAR WIDGET

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 145)  Can the XmScale widget have arrows or tick marks in Motif 2.0?
[Last modified: Sep 97]

Answer: Daniel Dardailler ([e-mail]) writes:

In 2.0 and 2.1, Scale gets arrows (on both sides or same side), thermometer
look, thumb slider option, tick marks, and editable resource.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 146)  How can I set the color of a XmScale widget's trough?
[Last modified: May 95]

Answer: Ken Lee wrote: There is no direct API for setting this, but you can
set it through resource files with "*XmScale*troughColor: red".

Ken Sall, [e-mail], adds: If you need to do this at runtime, you can use
XtGetValues to get the scale's children, find the scrollbar, and set the
XmNtroughColor:

#include <Xm/ScrollBar.h>  // for XmIsScrollBar

Pixel selectColor; // assume this is set to the desired color
WidgetList *kids;
int nkids;
Arg argList[1], tmpargs[2];
int i, s, t ;

i = 0;
XtSetArg ( argList[i], XmNtroughColor, selectColor ); i++;

// Unfortunately, scale does not have a direct way
// to get its scrollbar widget, so use Composite resources
s = 0;
XtSetArg (tmpargs[s], XmNnumChildren, &nkids ); s++ ;
XtSetArg (tmpargs[s], XmNchildren, &kids ); s++ ;
XtGetValues ( widgetId, tmpargs, s );
for ( t = 0; t < nkids; t++ )
    {
    if ( XmIsScrollBar ( (Widget) kids[t]) ) // from ScrollBar.h
        {
        XtSetValues ( (Widget) kids[t], argList, i );
        }
    }


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 147)  How does Motif implement mouse button auto-repeat on the
scrollbar's arrow buttons?
[Last modified: May 97]

Answer: It installs a timer and checks the button state at each timeout.  If
the button is still down, it repeats the action.  You can do this in your
application, too.

Ken Lee

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 148)  TOPIC: LABEL WIDGET

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 149)  How can I align the text in a label (button, etc) widget?

Answer: The alignment for the label widget is controlled by the resource
XmNalignment, and the default centers the text. Use this resource to change it
to left or right alignment.  However, when the label (or any descendant) is in
a XmRowColumn, and XmNisAligned is True (the default), the XmRowColumn aligns
text using its resource XmNentryAlignment. If you want simultaneous control
over all widgets use this, but otherwise turn XmNisAligned off and do it
individually.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 150)  Why doesn't label alignment work in a XmRowColumn?

Answer: XmRowColumn has a resource XmNisAligned (default True) and and
XmNentryAlignment (default XmALIGNMENT_BEGINNING).  These control alignment of
the labelString in Labels and descendants. Set XmNisAligned to False to turn
this off.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 151)  How can I set a multi-line label?
[Last modified: Mar 96]

Answer: In .Xdefaults

*XmLabel*labelString:              Here\nis\nthe\nLabel

This method does not seem to work in some of the older Motif 1.0 versions.

In code,

char buf[128];
XmString msg;
strcpy(buf, "Here\nis\nthe\nLabel");
msg = XmStringCreateLtoR(buf, XmSTRING_DEFAULT_CHARSET);
XtSetArg (args[n], XmNlabelString, msg);

Gives a four line label, using the escape sequence \n for a newline.  Here's
another approach from Jean-Philippe Martin-Flatin <[e-mail]>

#include <Xm/Xm.h>
#include <string.h>

/*-----------------------------------------------------
Create a new XmString from a char*

This function can deal with embedded 'newline' and
is equivalent to XmStringCreateLtoR,
except it does not use non AES compliant charset
XmSTRING_DEFAULT_CHARSET
----------------------------------------------------*/
XmString xec_NewString(char *s)
{
XmString xms1;
XmString xms2;
XmString line;
XmString separator;
char     *p;
char     *t = XtNewString(s);   /* Make a copy for strtok not to */
                            /* damage the original string    */

separator = XmStringSeparatorCreate();
p         = strtok(t,"\n");
xms1      = XmStringCreateLocalized(p);

while (p = strtok(NULL,"\n"))
{
line = XmStringCreateLocalized(p);
xms2 = XmStringConcat(xms1,separator);
XmStringFree(xms1);
xms1 = XmStringConcat(xms2,line);
XmStringFree(xms2);
XmStringFree(line);
}

XmStringFree(separator);
XtFree(t);
return xms1;
}


Do not use XmStringCreateLocalized() - it does not process the newline
character in the way you want.   In Motif 1.x, XmStringCreateLocalized() does
NOT process newlines, but XmStringCreateLtoR() does.

Thanks to Paul Tomblin ([e-mail]) for the newline clarification.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 152)  How can I have a vertical label?

Answer: Make a multi-line label with one character per line, as in the last
question. There is no way to make the text rotated by 90 degrees though.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 153)  How can I have a Pixmap in a Label?

Answer: Bob Hays ([e-mail]) wrote:

Pixmap px_disarm, px_disarm_insens;

Widget Label1;
Pixel   foreground, background;
Arg     args[4];
Arg     arg[] = {
        { XmNforeground, &foreground },
        { XmNbackground, &background }
};

Label1 = XmCreateLabel ( Shell1, "Label1",
                               (Arg *) NULL, (Cardinal) 0 );
XtGetValues ( Label1, arg, XtNumber ( arg ) );
px_disarm =
XCreatePixmapFromBitmapData(display,
                        DefaultRootWindow(display),
                        mtn_bits, mtn_width, mtn_height,
                        foreground,
                        background,
                        DefaultDepth(display,DefaultScreen(display)));
px_disarm_insens =
XCreatePixmapFromBitmapData(display,
                        DefaultRootWindow(display),
                        mtn_ins_bits, mtn_ins_width, mtn_ins_height,
                        foreground,
                        background,
                        DefaultDepth(display,DefaultScreen(display)));

n = 0;
XtSetArg(args[n], XmNlabelType, XmPIXMAP);  n++;
XtSetArg(args[n], XmNlabelPixmap, px_disarm);  n++;
XtSetArg(args[n], XmNlabelInsensitivePixmap, px_disarm_insens ); n++;
XtSetValues ( Label1, args, n );
XtManageChild(Label1);

That will cause the foreground and background of your pixmap to be inherited
from the one that would be used by OSF/Motif when the label is displayed.  The
advantage is that this will utilize any resource values the user may have
requested without looking explicitly into the resource database.  And, you
will have a pixmap handy if the application insensitizes the label (without an
XmNlabelInsensitivePixmap your label will go empty if made insensitive).

[Bob's original code was for a PushButton. Just change all Label to PushButton
for them.]

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Subject: 154)  Why doesn't the XmLabel widget obey the XmNwith and XmNheight
that I give it?
[Last modified: May 95]

Answer: By default, XmLabel ignores these resources and instead computes a
size based on the size of the label string or pixmap.  You can change this
behavior by setting XmNrecomputeSize to False.  (Note that setting
XmNrecomputeSize to False can dramatically improve performance if you have
alot of labels or change them frequently.)

Ken Lee

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Subject: 155)  How do you set the background color of a label widget using
XtVaTypedArg?
[Last modified: July 96]

Answer: Use the XmNbackground resource to control the background color, e.g.

strcpy(bgcolor, "yellow");
XtVaSetValues(widget,
        XtVaTypedArg, XmNbackground, XtRString, bgcolor,
        strlen(bgcolor) + 1, NULL);

The length of the color string is plus one to include the null character.
XtRString is the type to be converted.  The conversion is required because
XmNbackground expects a Pixel type.

Thanks to Martin Squicciarini ([e-mail]).

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END OF PART FIVE