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Subject: Motif FAQ (Part 2 of 9)
Newsgroups: comp.windows.x.motif,comp.answers,news.answers
Keywords: FAQ question answer
From: [e-mail] (Ken Lee)
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Ken Lee)
Approved: [e-mail]
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Summary: Motif Frequently Asked Questions (with answers).
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Archive-name: motif-faq/part2
Last-modified: 1 FEB 2002
Posting-Frequency: irregular
Organization: Kenton Lee, X/Motif Consultant, http://www.rahul.net/kenton/
URL:  http://www.rahul.net/kenton/mfaq.html
Version: 8.1

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 20)  Where can I find Motif 2.1 documentation?
[Last modified: Mar 98]

Answer: A full listing of current Motif and CDE manuals in book form is
available at http://www.opengroup.org/pubs/catalog/mo.htm

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 21)*  Is the official Motif documentation available on-line?
[Last modified: Jan 02]

Answer: Open Motif documentation in PDF and PostScript formats is available
at:

http://www.opengroup.org/openmotif/docs/

The O'Reilly Motif tutorial books are available at:

http://www.ist.co.uk/NEWS/archive/motifbooks.html
http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/motif/

Here are some Russian translations of the Motif manuals:

http://motif.hut.ru/

For other on-line Motif documentation, please see:

http://www.rahul.net/kenton/xsites.framed.html


Ken Lee, http://www.rahul.net/kenton/

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 22)  I want to use C++ with Motif. Where can I find C++ examples?
Motif 2.0 supports native C++ classes but I can't find documentation.
[Last modified: Sept 95]

Answer: Doug Rand <[e-mail]> writes: "There are some examples in the
demos tree, look under demos/lib/ExmCxx for widget examples.  The C++ support
was only a widget writer's tool.  When the widget writer's guide is out, you
can also look in that for documentation."

Scott W. Sadler <[e-mail]> replied to a related question about combining
Motif with C++: "There are two books available (that I know of):

    Object-Oriented Programming with C++ and OSF/Motif - Second Edition
    Doug Young 0-13-209255-7 (c) 1995

    Using Motif with C++
    Daniel Bernstein 0-13-207390-0 or 1-884842-06-2 (c) 1995"

See also the subject: "Is there a C++ binding for Motif?"

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 23)  Is Motif 2.0 backward compatible with Motif 1.2?  Does a program
written for Motif 1.2 compile and run with Motif 2.0?
[Last modified: Jan 96]

Answer: (See also the next subject.) Doug Rand <[e-mail]> writes: "It is
backward compatible except where it isn't :)

1) Subclassed widgets which do not use XmResolvePartOffsets won't work.

2) If you free your XmStrings using any technique other than XmStringFree, it
is quite likely that your program either won't compile, or will crash with a


core dump at runtime. [Wording change for (2) provided by Alan Ezust
([e-mail]).]

3) If you use libMrm and relink with the new shared library,  you'll need to
make the new modern .uid files (but if you wait for the Motif from CDE you
don't need to do this one).

4) If you assume that XmStrings are ASN.1 strings and play with them, it won't
work.  They are now data structures.  But the good news is that XmStringCopy
just increments a reference count now.

Note that #1 and #2 where always documented this way and aren't supposed to
work.

Otherwise,  it's pretty compatible.  We relinked a number of things and they
continued fine.  [These] include xrn (Motif), and a couple of other moderately
big things.  I want to say we did xmosaic,  but I can't remember if I'm right
about that.

#1 isn't a problem if you recompile your subclassed widgets.  But then there
is a source compatibility problem that you may need to include the obsolete
modules for the _Xm functions.  Proper 2.0 subclasses use Xme functions,  and
there is even a document."

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 24)  How compatible are Motif 1.2.* and X11R6?
[Last modified: July 96]

Answer: (See also the previous subject.) This is actually several related
questions with answers from David B. Lewis ([e-mail]) and Kenton
Lee (http://www.rahul.net/kenton/).

 1. Is it possible to run an X11R6 server with a Motif 1.2.* runtime
 environment (Motif libs and Motif Window Manager)?

David> Yes. The X11 protocol has not changed in its various versions, so
all X servers are compatible. There are differences, though, in
the fonts that are available and in a few of the gray areas in the
interpretation of the protocol. The fonts distributed by the X
Consortium form a standard set, though, and I know of no cases in
which changes in X11R6 cause problems for Motif programs (we are
using Motif with X11R6 servers here).

 2. Is there any possible conflict with Motif 1.2.* applications and an
 X11R6 server (assuming a Motif 1.2.* runtime environment)?

David> The only situation that I could imagine is a case in which Motif
1.2 code was written to depend on a particular bug or behavior of
an X11R5 server; I know of no such cases. Because of the stability
of the X11 protocol, Motif 1.2 programs should work with any
available X server, current and future.

 3. If Motif 2.0 is installed such that the Motif libraries and mwm are
 versions 2.0, is there 100% binary compatibility with statically linked
 Motif 1.2.* applications? If not, what are the known or potential problems?

David> There are additional support files in both the Motif and X11 areas
which are used at run-time. There are no known problems using Motif
1.2 *static* applications in a Motif 2.0 environment.

Kenton writes: R6 was designed to be backwards binary compatible with R5 and
most vendors have done a good job in implementing this.  Still, I wouldn't
recommend that my customers do this until I tested configurations similar to
theirs.

Motif 2.0 is backwards compatible with Motif 1.X in most cases.  I think Doug
Rand's comments in [the previous subject of the Motif FAQ] covers the
important issues.  In general, well written applications shouldn't have
problems, but some applications aren't well written.  Again, I would test
before making recommendations to my customers.

The above comments apply to run-time linking (shared library) compatibility.
If you statically link, the only problems I can imagine are the common ones
like installed fonts, supported server extensions, input methods, color name
databases, default visual types, etc.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 25)  Why aren't the big UNIX vendors shipping Motif 2.0?
[Last modified: Aug 98]

Answer: Most of these companies decided to move to CDE 1.0 first.  CDE 1.0
uses Motif 1.2.5, which is not binary compatible with Motif 2.0.

Motif 2.1 was released in February, 1997.  Motif 2.1 is compatible with CDE
2.1 and (mostly) Motif 1.2.  You should expect the big UNIX vendors to start
shipping Motif 2.1 when they start shipping CDE 2.1.

Ken Lee

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 26)  Where can I get Motif for UNIX, Linux, or Microsoft Windows?
[Last modified: Jun 98]

Answer: A regularly updated list of Motif vendors for various operating
systems (including Linux and Microsoft Windows) is available at:
http://www.rahul.net/kenton/GettingMotif.html

Please send any corrections to [e-mail]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 27)  Is there a list of Motif bugs?

Answer: With each patch release of Motif shipped, there is a list of known
bugs provided.  The filename on the tape is "./OPENBUGS".  There is also a
list of all the issues closed/resolved in that patch.  That is found as part
of the "./README-1.1.n" (where n is the patch number) file.

These are the only OSF published lists.

No one else seems to publish a list.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 28)  Where can I get a Motif 1.2 Certification Checklist?
[Last modified: Apr 95]

Answer: Kevin Till ([e-mail]) of OSF wrote: "The Checklist comes with the
OSF/Motif 1.2 Style Guide documentation.  It's in the Appendix B section."

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 29)  What is CDE? What is COSE and how does it relate to Motif?
[Last modified: Sept 94]

Answer: [For more current information, see  also the subjects which follow
this one.]

    NOTE: This info dates back to a Nov. '93 conference.
    Most of the words should be credited to the lecturer,
    Nicholas J. Aiuto ([e-mail]) of Cadence Design Systems, Inc.
    Any mistakes or inaccuracies are mine, however.
    I would appreciate updates and [e-mail]

COSE is Common Open Software Environment, a major interoperability effort
started by HP, Sun, Novell/UNIX System Labs (USL), IBM, and SCO, with over 70
other companies pledging their support. The COSE announcement was made in
March, 1993 and a "COSE CDE Conference" was held in San Jose in October, 1993.

CDE is the Common Desktop Environment component of COSE. CDE is "a
specification for components and services to give the UNIX desktop common and
consistent capabilities like those found in other widely used environments
(Mac, Windows)." [from class notes] CDE is not public domain; it will be
provided by major vendors, possibly at extra cost as unbundled s/w
approximately mid 1994.  CDE will be based on Motif 1.2 and X11R5, although
Motif 2.0 and X11R6 are expected around the same time. (CDE will be ported to
Motif 2.0 eventually.)

A CD-ROM was distributed at the October, 1993 conference, but this was "alpha"
s/w, strictly for evaluation purposes, not for development.

Another COSE/CDE Snapshot CD-ROM was released in April '94, available for HP,
IBM, Novell, and Sun platforms.

Overview
--------

Standards are to be defined in these areas:

        - desktop
        - networking
        - objects
        - graphics
        - system management

CDE Functional Groups:

    High Level:
        - Desktop Management
        - Productivity Tools

    Low Level:
        - GUI Display and Printing
        - Application Integration
        - "Guidelines": a 100+ pg. checklist which is a superset of Motif's

CDE Desktop Management
----------------------

 - Login Manager: like xdm
 - Session Manager: saving state based on ICCCM and HP's VUE [vuesession]
 - Workspace Manager: virtual screens; rooms; virtual win mgr
 - Front Panel: object and window management; access to favorite apps
 - File Manager: icon drag and drop
 - Application Manager
 - Style Manager: configure Session Mgr (colors, fonts, HOME session)

Productivity Tools
------------------

 - Text Editor: based on XmText widget; not very fancy
 - Icon Editor: color pixmaps; based on HP's vueicon; need 16 icons per app
 - Help Viewer: can access app help without running application
 - Mailer and Calendar: can talk to each other
 - Terminal Emulator: improvement on xterm
 - Calculator
 - Create "Action": something you tell your system to do and associate with
                   a specific icon (e.g., starting a favorite app); can also
                   tag a specific command line and add to your desktop

GUI Display and Printing
------------------------

 - Motif 1.2 with extras, X11R5
 - New widgets (subclasses of similar widgets to be in Motif 2.0):
        o  ComboBox
        o  SpinButton

 - dtksh: windowing Korn shell, a robust UNIX shell interface to X, Xlib, and
Xm
 - Application Builder: port of Sun's DevGuide [not yet available]
 - X Print Server and X Server Print Extension

Application Integration
-----------------------

 - Data Interchange
        o  Drag and Drop (DND): based on Motif 1.2 with improvements
        o  Bento container format:
                "Japanese lunchbox"
                compartmented container developed by Apple;
                stores compound document on disk;
                apps can find audio compartment, for example
                100-page document describes Bento
 - ToolTalk
        o  messaging/IPC facility developed by Sun
        o  CDE message sets (sample msgsd: iconify yourself, close down, etc.)
 - Actions
        o define what can be done with files or arbitrary data (e.g., audio)
 - Data Typing
        o define data classes for objects (e.g., PS file, C source code)

Guidelines
----------

 - Common Fonts (about 16): proportional, monospaced, with or without serif
 - Internationalization (I18N) compliance
 - Client/Server
        o Network execution model
        o end user model
        o system admin model: facilitates easy installation of new
                              CDE-compliant apps
        o ISV model
 - Certification Checklist: 100 pages; superset of Motif 1.2 Certif. Checklist


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 30)*  Is there a CDE FAQ or newsgroup?
[Last modified: Aug 2001]

Answer: The CDE FAQ is located at:

   http://www.laxmi.net/cde.htm

There is also a newsgroup called news:comp.unix.cde

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 31)  What is the current version of CDE and what are its features?
[Last modified: May 97]

Answer: The latest version of CDE is 2.1 as announced by OSF in February 1997.
The following is the Open Group's press release:


FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT
Jane Smeloff
The Open Group
[phone]
[e-mail]

Marilyn Kilcrease
Fleishman Hillard, Inc.
[phone]
[e-mail]

The Open Group Announces Common Desktop Environment 2.1

New features enhance the functionality and ease of use of the widely used
graphical user interface for open desktop computing


CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts (February 5, 1997) - The Open Group, the leading
organization for the advancement of open systems, today announced the release
of CDE 2.1, the latest version of The Open Group's Common Desktop Environment.
The current release integrates the Motif 2.0 graphical user interface, X
Window System, and CDE to standardize application presentations in distributed
multi-platform environments.

"As a result of solid cooperation among project participants, we are
delivering significant new features which makes CDE and Motif a unified face
for UNIX environments," said Dave Lounsbury, vice president of collaborative
development. "The CDE 2.1 project was the most extensive collaborative
development effort in the history of The Open Group."

The latest release of CDE features enhanced tools for creating integrated
graphical desktop applications. New features include thread-safe libraries,
64-bit system support, an X-based printing solution that implements a standard
way of printing from any application, an enhanced, SGML-based on-line help
system with a complete documentation set, "on the spot" input, and user-
defined characters for Asian languages. Many capabilities have been added to
ease programming, including traits, which enable user interface objects to
automatically inherit multiple API specifications, and a uniform transfer
model, which offer developers a consistent means of coding the different
data-transfer mechanisms (such as cut-and-paste and drag-and-drop). The new
release also provides a simple means of coding pop-up windows.

CDE 2.1 also incorporates Motif 2.0 user interface objects (widgets) spin box,
combo box, container, and notebook. With this release, the style guides for
CDE and Motif converge.

The fee for a CDE 2.1 full-distribution source code license is $40,000.  An
evaluation copy of source code costs $5,000. To order CDE 2.1, contact Open
Group Direct, at 1-800-268-5245, or send e-mail to [e-mail].

Introduced in 1995, CDE was jointly developed and licensed by Hewlett-Packard,
IBM, Novell, and SunSoft. Since that time, the technology has evolved within
The Open Group's Pre-Structured Technology (PST) process, a multi-vendor
technology development program. Currently, Hitachi, Fujitsu, Digital Equipment
Corporation and SCO work with the original CDE sponsors, IBM, HP and SunSoft
within the Open Group's PST framework, to provide for the maintenance of CDE
and the development of new releases.

The Common Desktop Environment is a graphical user interface that delivers
consistency and ease of use to system administrators as well as end users.
With CDE, system administrators gain a degree of control over the desktop
computing environment that has often been lost in the move from centralized to
client-server or distributed computing. CDE gives end users access to the
power and flexibility of today's networked desktop systems.

The Open Group

Dedicated to the advancement of multi-vendor information systems, The Open
Group is an international consortium of systems and software vendors and
customers from the industry, government and academia. The Open Group and its
members work together to strengthen and streamline the development process and
availability of open systems. The organization provides a focal point for the
development of international specifications and test suites, standards based
technologies, advanced open systems research, professional services and the
management of the internationally recognized brand for open systems. The Open
Group's brand mark is recognized worldwide and is a guarantee of compliance to
open systems specifications. The Open Group is Headquartered in Cambridge, MA,
with European headquarters in Reading, England and offices in Menlo Park, CA;
Brussels, Belgium; Grenoble, France; and Tokyo, Japan.

The Open Group is a trademark of the Open Software Foundation, Inc. and X/Open
Company Ltd. OSF/Motif and Motif are registered trademarks of The Open Group.
X Window System is a trademark of The Open Group and the X Consortium is a
trademark of The Open Group.  UNIX is a registered trademark in the US and
other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Ltd. All other
products or company names mentioned are used for identification purposes only,
and may be trademarks of their respective owners.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 32)  How does Motif relate to X/Open and CDE?
[Last modified: Mar 96]

A.  NOTE: This answer from Sept. 1995 is somewhat obsolete due to the
formation of The Open Group. See "What is The Open Group?"[e-mail]

From OSF's CDE/Motif Program Manager, Terry Landers ([e-mail]):

"In response to the discussion [on comp.windows.x.motif] of Motif and
"officially supported" APIs ... two areas were brought up that I hope to be
able to clarify.


Standards:
=========
As you probably know, Motif has become an X/Open standard.
The X/Open specification was based on the OSF AES, and going
forward the X/Open specification will take precedence.

As part of the CDE/Motif PST, interface extensions to
the XMotif specification will be proposed to X/Open.

Although it is too early to discuss what will be proposed
to X/Open, OSF members who are interested will have early
access to CDE/Motif functional specifications as part of
the Desktop SIG activities.

Convergence:
===========
OSF has taken the first step in convergence with the release
of Motif 1.2.5.   Motif 1.2.5 merges OSF Motif 1.2.4 with
CDE Motif and defect fixes to the 1.2 code base that were
made in Motif 2.0.

The next step in convergence will come with the CDE/Motif PST
deliverables.

I hope this has helped ... if you have any questions you can
contact me at:

        [e-mail]
        617-621-7282"


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Subject: 33)  What is The Open Group?
[Last modified: Aug 97]

Answer: On February 14, 1996, X/Open and OSF merged to form "The Open Group".

which calls The Open Group a "New Organization to Improve Coordination of
Efforts to Develop and Implement Common Standards and New Technologies".  You
might also want to read other press releases from The Open Group and visit
their home page:

    http://www.opengroup.org/

Below is the announcement sent by OSF's Kristen [e-mail]


    To: OSF.Support.Subscribers:;@osf.org
    Subject: X/Open & OSF Join to Form The Open Group
    Date: Wed, 14 Feb 1996 12:26:53 -0500
    From: Kristen Knotts <[e-mail]>

During a press conference at UniForum '96, officials of X/Open Company,
Ltd. and the Open Software Foundation (OSF), the two leading consortia for
the advancement of open systems, announced their consolidation into a new,
more powerful worldwide organization known as The Open Group.

The new entity has been formed to strengthen and streamline the entire open
systems process, including adoption of open systems specifications,
development of specification-compliant technologies, and promotion of their
use in the global enterprise computing marketplace.  Full information can
be obtained from The Open Group Web Site:

    http://www.opengroup.org/


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 34)  Is The Open Group assuming responsibility for the X Window
System?
[Last modified: July 96]

A. Yes it will, at the beginning of 1997. See the X Consortium's announcement
at:

        X Consortium to Transfer X Window System to The Open Group

It is reproduced _in part_ below for your convenience, followed by a related
announcement from The Open Group.

Cambridge, Massachusetts - July 1, 1996 - X Consortium, Inc.
today announced that it would transfer responsibility for the X
Window System to The Open Group at the beginning of next year. "X
is now mainstream technology, and since the first commercial release
in 1986 it has matured to the point where a dedicated consortium is no
longer essential to its on-going support," explains Robert W. Scheifler,
president of the X Consortium. "Our industry will benefit greatly by
continuing and accelerating the convergence of X, Motif and the
Common Desktop Environment (CDE) into a unified technology
stack. This is already well underway with the current CDE-Motif
PST project, operating under the auspices of The Open Group, an
organization that is well positioned to take this technology into the
future." The Open Group will continue their existing work of
publishing, testing and branding products which conform to
international standards, including X.

"As a long standing partner with the X Consortium in the Open
Systems industry, The Open Group supports this decision. On a
personal note, I want to add that the computer industry owes an
enormous debt of gratitude to Bob Scheifler and the X Consortium for
the service they have provided for the last eight years," commented
Jim Bell, CEO of The Open Group. "Their very positive impact on our
industry will continue to be felt for years to come."

As part of this change, X Consortium plans to wind down all
engineering operations at the end of this year. "I have made a
commitment to our members, and to the sponsors of the CDE-Motif
project, to oversee the entire transition process from now until our
current engineering projects are finished and the hand-off is
complete," said Scheifler. The X Consortium will work with its
members and The Open Group to determine whether the organization
should continue on in some reduced fashion.

Broadway, the code name for the next release of the X Window
System, will be completed as planned by the end of the year, and will
be made freely available to the public under the same terms as
previous X Consortium releases. Broadway enables interactive UNIX
and Windows applications to be integrated, unmodified, into HTML
documents and published on World Wide Web servers, using plug-in
technology, and includes network protocols for graphics and audio to
provide remote access to those applications from inside Web
browsers. The Broadway release is expected to be available from
current sources, including worldwide ftp sites and CDROM
distributors.

The X Consortium will fulfill its obligations as prime contractor in The
Open Group's Pre-Structured Technology (PST) project developing
the next release of CDE and Motif. "The plan has always been to
complete both the CDE-Motif project and Broadway by the end of
this year," says Jim Fournier, Director of Engineering. "We are
confident in our ability to deliver as planned."

                   ************************

A related announcement from [e-mail] (The Open Group Corporate
Communications) was sent July 1, 1996, an excerpt of which appears below:

     The Open Group Continues to Expand Product and Services Portfolio

                 Leading Open Systems Consortium
                Absorbs X Window System Technology

The Open Group announced today as an addition to its growing portfolio of
products and services, it will assume custodianship for the X Window System
technology, currently owned and managed by the X Consortium.  In its
press release today, the X Consortium also declared that it will continue to
fulfill its obligations as prime contractor in The Open Group CDE Pre-
Structured Technology (PST) project, developing the next releases of CDE and
Motif, scheduled to be completed by year end, and then cease its internal
engineering operations.

"Since its first commercial release in 1986, the X Window System has
matured to the point where a full-scale, dedicated consortium is no longer
essential to the on-going support of the technology," said Robert W. Scheifler,
X Consortium president and founder.  "In light of our existing relationship it
makes sense to fold our ongoing work into The Open Group.  Furthermore,
given the overlapping membership of the two organizations, this move will
greatly streamline and enhance the process of defining open standards."


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 35)  What are the current correct trademark statements for X and
Motif?
[Last modified: May 97]

Answer: The Open Group is a trademark of the Open Software Foundation, Inc.
and X/Open Company Ltd. OSF/Motif and Motif are registered trademarks of The
Open Group. X Window System is a trademark of The Open Group and the X
Consortium is a trademark of The Open Group.  UNIX is a registered trademark
in the US and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company
Ltd.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 36)  Will CDE and Motif converge? What is the CDE/Motif JDA?
[Last modified: May 97]

Answer: I'm leaving the following announcement here for historical reference.
Note that the converged CDE/Motif was released in February, 1997 and is called
CDE/Motif 2.1.  A press release is included earlier in this FAQ.

In September, 1995, OSF announced the Joint Development Agreement under which
vendors will participate in a plan to converge Motif and CDE. The announcement
follows.

 From [e-mail]  Fri Sep  8 17:55:55 1995
 To: OSF.Motif.Support.Subscribers:;@osf.org
 Cc: OSF.Service.Subscribers:;@osf.org
 Subject: OSF Press Release Announcing Signing of CDE/Motif JDA
 Date: Fri, 08 Sep 1995 17:46:04 -0400
 From: Kristen Knotts <[e-mail]>

 To:            OSF Motif Support Subscribers
 From:          The Open Software Foundation

 ************************************************************
              OSF MOTIF SUPPORT ELECTRONIC UPDATE
 ************************************************************
 An electronic mail news update for Motif Support Subscribers
 from the Open Software Foundation (OSF)


 CONTACT:        Jack Dwyer
                 Open Software Foundation
                 [phone]
                 Email: [e-mail]


     OSF Announces Formal Launch of CDE/Motif Project

 Multi-vendor project to enhance and converge OSF/Motif and the Common
 Desktop Environment

 CAMBRIDGE, MA September 7, 1995 -- The Open Software Foundation today
 announced the formal signing of the Joint Development Agreement for the
 further enhancement and evolution of the Common Desktop Environment (CDE)
 and OSF/Motif under the Open Software Foundation's Pre-Structured
 Technology (PST) development process. The seven sponsors of the CDE/Motif
 PST are Digital Equipment Corp., Fujitsu Limited, Hewlett-Packard Company,
 Hitachi, Ltd, IBM Corp., Novell, Inc., and SunSoft, Inc.

 The CDE/Motif PST is a cooperative, multi-vendor, development project. The
 Open Software Foundation's PST process allows for existing technologies
 from multiple vendors to be further developed and integrated into a
 complete open system technology. The X Consortium has been designated as
 the project's prime contractor.

 CDE/Motif will continue the evolution of the desktop technologies necessary
 to meet the expanding user requirements in such areas as On-line
 Information Access, Printing, and Internationalization. A key objective of
 the PST is to fully converge OSF/Motif and the CDE version of Motif into a
 single development stream. The resulting PST technology will be binary
 compatible with CDE 1.0.

 Mr. Don Harbert, Vice President of UNIX Business Segment for Digital
 Equipment Corporation said, "Digital is an enthusiastic participant in the
 development of the next version of CDE. As a founding member of the Open
 Software Foundation and the first vendor to ship a commercial version of
 the X Window System, Digital recognizes the importance of standard user
 interfaces and the importance of the PST process in developing code."

 "Fujitsu is pleased to support the evolution of CDE and Motif technology,
 both by contributing the Fujitsu OLIAS technology for a robust CDE Online
 Information Access feature, and by improving CDE/Motif
 Internationalization. Providing a common user interface over many different
 hardware systems is critical to the future of Open Systems", said Mitsuru
 Sanagi, General Manager of the Client Server System Strategy and Alliance
 Division, Fujitsu Limited.

 "As one of the original development partners for CDE and as a current
 supplier of CDE technology in AIX, IBM is committed to enhanced usability
 for our AIX customers," said Donna Van Fleet, Vice President for AIX
 Systems Development, IBM RISC System/6000 Division. "Now, as one of the
 sponsors of this new PST, we continue the enhancements to CDE that will
 provide even more ease-of-use value for our customers, while maintaining
 all the benefits of an open technology."

 "CDE is important, industry-unifying technology and Novell is looking
 forward to working with the other CDE/Motif sponsors to continue its
 development," noted Don McGovern, Vice President, Operating System
 Division, Novell, Inc.

 "As chair of the CDE/Motif PST Steering Committee, SunSoft is pleased by
 the active participation and strong commitment for this project.  This
 clearly underscores the strong industry support for open systems," said
 Paula Sager, Vice President of Desktop Technologies, SunSoft, Inc.  "We are
 looking forward to working with our partners to deliver the best open user
 environment available."

 "We're excited that we are able to contribute to this important industry
 initiative ", said Robert W. Scheifler, President of X Consortium.
 "CDE/Motif combines premier desktop technologies and builds on what is now
 a long line of products founded upon X. There is a lot of synergy between
 the X Consortium's objectives and the goals of the CDE/Motif PST. Our
 involvement as the prime contractor for this project is a logical extension
 of that fact."

 The base technologies for the CDE/Motif PST are CDE 1.0 and OSF/Motif 2.0.
 On-line Information Access will include an SGML-based browser, the ability
 to display and print SGML documents, full text search and retrieval, and
 integration with the on-line help facility. Enhanced internationalization
 capabilities will include the ability to display vertical text, support for
 user defined characters, input method selection at run time, and an
 on-the-spot input method capability. Print capabilities include a graphical
 interface for print job submission, a single API for both display and
 printing, printing support for Motif text and label widgets, help,
 calendar, mail and the text editor. In the process, CDE/Motif will be made
 thread safe and will include support for 64-bit architectures.

 The output of this PST joint development will be a merged CDE/Motif source
 package, a standalone version of Motif, and conformance tests for both CDE
 and Motif. Upon completion, the conformance test suites will be offered to
 X/Open for their branding purposes. Also offered to X/Open will be a merged
 style guide for CDE and Motif, the Motif Drag and Drop protocol, and API
 extensions to CDE and Motif.

 The first deliverable of the CDE/Motif PST will be a maintenance release
 for CDE 1.0 planned for the end of 1995. The schedule further calls for a
 CDE/Motif snapshot to be made available to licensees in mid-1996, with
 general availability of CDE/Motif scheduled for the end of 1996.

 For more information on CDE/Motif, you are invited to contact David Knorr,
 OSF CDE/Motif Business Area Manager, at [phone] or [e-mail].

 The Open Software Foundation delivers technology innovations in all areas
 of open systems, including interoperability, scalability, portability, and
 usability. OSF has created a coalition of worldwide vendors and users in
 industry, government and academia that leverage their economic investments
 by working together to provide the best open systems technology solutions
 for distributed computing environments. Headquartered in Cambridge, MA,
 with offices in Brussels, Grenoble and Tokyo, OSF has more then 380 members
 worldwide.
                                      ###

 OSF, OSF/Motif, and Open Software Foundation are trademarks of the Open
 Software Foundation, Inc.


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Subject: 37)*  Has anyone done a public domain Motif lookalike?
[Last modified: Feb 02]

Answer: Open Motif is open source, but not public domain.  This following may
be of interest to public domain purists.

LessTif is a freeware version of Motif from the Hungry Programmers.  It is
still in development and is intended to be source code compatible with Motif,
meaning that the same source will compile with both libraries and work exactly
the same.  [Thanks to John W. Carbone, [e-mail], Chris Toshok
([e-mail]), and Jon Fo ([e-mail])] For more information, see
http://www.lesstif.org/

Tcl/Tk is available for ftp from allspice.berkeley.edu, and although
implemented without Xt, has a "strict Motif" mode. There is also Tix, the Tk
Interface Extension. See:

    http://www.sunlabs.com/research/tcl/
    http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~ioi/tix/tix.html

Strom Sytems (18666 Redmond Way o-2118, Redmond, WA 98052-6725) have a Simple
Toolkit for X-Windows (sic) that appears to follow the Style Guide even though
it doesn't quite look like Motif.

MOOLIT is a USL product that can be runtime switched between the Sun Open Look
and Motif appearance.  It is based on  OLIT 4i.

Interviews is a C++ based product with appearance similar to Motif.  A ftp-
able version of the source code and documentation can be found on
interviews.stanford.edu.  Fresco (http://www.iuk.tu-harburg.de/fresco/) and
ivtools (http://www.vectaport.com/ivtools/) are based on Interviews.

Simon J. Lyall ([e-mail]) reported about a package called:
Xu-lib & Widget Set- a library & widget set to "emulate" the look&feel and the
programming interface of Motif. Contact the author Udo Baumgart
([e-mail]) for details.

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Subject: 38)  Does the Open Group have an application compliance validation
service?
[Last modified: Aug 97]

Answer: The Motif Toolkit API Verification Suite (VSM4) replaces the earlier
Motif Branding Program.  For more information on VSM4, see
http://www.opengroup.org/tech/desktop/ordering/motif.price.list.htm#branding

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Subject: 39)  What is the motif-talk mailing list?

Answer: The motif-talk mailing list is only for those who have purchased a
Motif source code license. You can be placed on this list by emailing to
[e-mail], citing your Company name and source license
number.

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END OF PART TWO