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- Newsgroups: comp.robotics.misc,comp.realtime,comp.arch.embedded,sci.answers,comp.answers,news.answers
- Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!apollo.hp.com!lf.hp.com!news.dtc.hp.com!col.hp.com!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!spool.mu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!newsfeed.internetmci.com!nntp-hub2.barrnet.net!nntp-hub3.barrnet.net!voder!nsc!rgetz
- From: rgetz@esd.nsc.com (Robin Getz)
- Subject: COP8 microcontroller FAQ
- Message-ID: <DqML12.ALt@nsc.nsc.com>
- Followup-To: poster
- Summary: This artile is a collection of information sources on the line
- of National Semiconductor Corporation's ("National's") COP8
- family of 8-bit microcontrollers.
- Last-Modified: April 21, 1995
- Sender: news@nsc.nsc.com (netnews maintenance)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: lcc1.nsc.com
- Reply-To: rgetz@esd.nsc.com
- Organization: National Semiconductor Corporation
- X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2]
- Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 13:19:49 GMT
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU
- Lines: 1337
- Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.robotics.misc:5763 comp.realtime:14835 comp.arch.embedded:8245 sci.answers:4286 comp.answers:18422 news.answers:70589
-
- Archive-name: microcontroller-faq/COP8
- Posting-Frequency: monthly (20thish of each month)
- Last-modified: 20June1995
- URL: http://www.nsc.com/
-
- This article is a draft collection of information sources on the line of
- National Semiconductor Corporation ("National") COP8 microcontrollers.
-
- The following topics are addressed:
-
- 0) Changes Since Last Time
- 0.1) Why should I read this?
-
- 1) ABOUT THIS FAQ
- 1.1) Who put this FAQ together?
- 1.2) How can I contribute to this list?
- 1.3) What newsgroups will this FAQ be posted to?
- 1.4) May I post this FAQ to my local BBS?
- 1.5) Are there any FAQs pertaining to other microcontrollers?
-
- 2) ABOUT THE COP8
- 2.1) The COP8 microcontroller
- 2.2) COP8 flavors / Numbering Scheme
- 2.3) COP8 chips and approximate prices (in US $)
- 2.4) Advantages in implementing control applications on this
- family of microcontrollers
- 2.5) Techy Details
- 2.5.1) How fast are the parts?
- 2.5.2) What is the operating voltage of the devices?
- 2.5.3) How can I guarantee that my program will run reliably?
- 2.5.4) What kind of power savings features are available?
- 2.5.5) What about EMI?
- 2.5.6) Instruction Set
- 2.5.7) Can I hook up a LED to pins direct?
-
- 3) COP8 PRODUCTS
- 3.1) FTP sites
- 3.2) BBSs
- 3.3) Free languages and development tools
- 3.4) Free C compilers
- 3.5) Plans for COP8-based boards
- 3.6) Commercially available products
- 3.7) Contacting National
-
- 4) COP8 DOCUMENTATION
- 4.1) Periodicals
- 4.2) Data Books / Application Notes
-
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 0) Changes since Last Time
-
- Added a reference to coptools@esd.nsc.com (a support line for help on
- cop8 tools).
-
- Somebody pointed out to me the other day - Since the COP8 and the 8051
- are modified harvard - they can do a load/store instruction in one
- instruction cycle. A Von Neuman machine can not do that. This makes
- (for memory intensive applications) a harvard machine almost 2 times
- as fast as a Von Neuman running at the same speed.....
-
- Maybe architecture does make a difference on a 8-bit controller....
-
- 0.1) Why should I read this document?
-
- The COP8 is a pretty cool 8-bit microcontroller that has never had a
- lot of exposure into the hobbiest/smaller manufactures marketplace.
- I would like to change that. (& on the internet the indiviaul can do
- anything!)
-
- In a nutshell, some of the strengths of the COP8 are:
- o Efficient Instruction Set - 77% os instructions are single cycle/
- single byte
- o Efficient Input/Output utilization - i.e. on a 44-pin package > 80%
- of this pins are devoted to I/O. Efficient pin usage facilitiates a
- cleaner hardware design and smaller die size = Overall cost reduction
- o Powerful Timers - i.e. processor-independent Pulse Width Modulation
- (PWM) and capture capabiliy - less software and processor overhead
- o Low Poer Consumption (Low Voltage / Low Current)
- o Multi-Input Wake Up (MIWU) - Only COP8 offers this unique feature
- o Wide range of temperature and power supply operation
- o Low cost Basic Family to address low-end 8-bit applications and
- feature family to address mid-to-high end 8-bit market
-
- And the Opposite side to the coin (have to be fair):
- o Difficult (i.e. none) external memory interface
- o No Multipy / Divide instructions
- o Multiply / Divide hardware only offered on a couple devices
- o Lack of EEPROM, and LCD (Although they are working on it)
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1) ABOUT THIS FAQ
-
- 1.1) Who put this FAQ together?
-
- After reading the excellent FAQs on the 8051 (Intel/Phillips) and
- the 68hc11 (Motorola) put together by Russ Hersch
- <sibit@datasrv.co.il> (Nice work Russ), I decided to make a FAQ
- on the COP8, National's family of 8-bit microcontrollers.
-
- I work for National in the Geographic Business Unit (GBU) responsible for
- technical support for New Business Development (NBD), so if you want to
- call this advertising, and don't want me to continue to post this in
- the future, please email me (that doesn't mean I will stop, but you
- will get it off your chest ;-). I think that I have kept most of the
- hype out - please let me know if you think otherwise.
-
- This FAQ will hopefully give everyone a brief overview of why you should
- have a further look at the COP8 instead of automatically picking a
- HC11, or 8051. Not that they are bad parts, in fact they are better
- at some things than the COP8. And COP8 is much better at some things
- than the HC11 or 8051. The COP8 is a good chip, and well worth
- learning and developing with. With everyone's help this FAQ should
- turn out to be a useful document.
-
- Because I admire Russ's FAQ's and I was too lazy to take the time to think
- up my own format, I have copied his basic format and a couple of sections
- (with his permission, of course).
-
- 1.2) How can I contribute to this list?
-
- I ask that if you have any suggestions or additions, or you would like to
- correct any of the information contained herein, please send me a note.
-
- My Email address is: rgetz@esd.nsc.com
- My Smail address is:
- Robin Getz
- National Semiconductor Corporation
- MS 16-325
- Santa Clara, CA, 94086
- USA
-
- I certainly hope that those of you who know of interesting items for
- the COP8 will share with everyone by contributing to this list.
-
- If you are a manufacturer and have an anonymous ftp site available
- that supports the COP8, please let me know by Email so that I can
- add it to this FAQ.
-
-
- 1.3) What newsgroups will this FAQ be posted to?
-
- This FAQ will be posted to the following newsgroups:
- comp.realtime Issues related to real-time computing.
- comp.robotics All aspects of robots and their applications.
- sci.electronics Circuits, theory, electrons and discussions.
- comp.arch.embedded Embedded computer systems topics.
-
- And sometime later, depending on what people think....
- news.answers
- comp.answers
- sci.answers
-
- The first four newsgroups often contain discussions, announcements,
- or information on microcontrollers. Check them out from time to
- time. By posting to the *.answers newsgroups, the FAQ will
- automatically be archived. The archive name of this FAQ (also
- included in the header) is: cop8-microcontroller-faq.
-
- Items will be posted once a month. I can't promise that
- it will be on time, but I hope to post it on the 25th of each month.
-
- You may also want to check out the following newsgroups, since they
- occasionally have items of interest for COP8 users.
- comp.lang.misc
- alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt
-
-
- 1.4) May I post this FAQ to my local BBS?
-
- I am putting no restrictions on the use of this FAQ except - It must
- be distributed in its entirety with the copyright notice, and no
- financial gain may be realized from it. After all, I have spent, and
- continue to spend, a lot of time on this, and the only thing that I
- intend to gain from it is more information on the COP8, and getting
- to know my fellow COP8 groupies better.
-
- For this reason I have appended a copyright statement to the end of
- this FAQ. I feel pretty silly doing this, but I just want to protect
- myself. The copyright does not limit the use of this list for
- non-commercial purposes. I hereby give my permission to one and all
- to pass this list around and post it wherever you want - as long as
- it is not for financial gain.
-
- Thanks.
-
-
- 1.5) How about FAQs on other microcontrollers?
-
- If anyone wishes to start a FAQ on another microcontroller, please
- feel free to copy the format of this FAQ (I did). With a common
- format, we will all benefit when trying to find information on a
- particular microcontroller. If anyone has any comments on the format
- itself, I'm open for suggestions.
-
- Other Microcontroller FAQs
-
- Subject: 68hc11 microcontrollers
- Newsgroups: comp.realtime
- comp.robotics
- sci.electronics
- Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : <plus all mirror sites>
- /pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
- /pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
- /pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
- Maintainer: Russ Hersch
- Email: sibit@datasrv.co.il
-
- Subject: PIC microcontrollers
- Newsgroups: comp.realtime
- comp.robotics
- sci.electronics
- Maintainer: Tom Kellett
- Tom@takdsign.demon.co.uk
-
- Subject: 8051 microcontrollers
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.intel
- comp.realtime
- comp.robotics
- comp.lang.forth
- sci.electronics
- Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : <plus all mirror sites>
- /pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/8051
- /pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/8051
- /pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/8051
- Maintainer: Russ Hersch
- Email: sibit@datasrv.co.il
-
- Subject: Microcontroller primer and FAQ
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.intel
- comp.realtime
- comp.robotics
- sci.electronics
- alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt
- Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : <plus all mirror sites>
- /pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
- /pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
- /pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
- Maintainer: Russ Hersch
- Email: sibit@datasrv.co.il
-
- Additional FAQs of interest
-
- Subject: Robotics
- Newsgroups: comp.robotics
- Maintainer: Kevin Dowling
- Email: nivek@ri.cmu.edu
-
- Subject: Electronics
- Newsgroups: sci.electronics
- Maintainer: Filip Gieszczykiewicz
- Email: filip@smi.med.pitt.edu
-
- Subject: Real-time
- Newsgroups: comp.realtime, comp.answers, news.answers
- Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : pub/usenet/comp.realtime
- Maintainer: Mark Linimon
- Email: linimon@nominil.lonesome.com
-
- Subject: Neural Networks
- Newsgroups: comp.ai.neural-nets,comp.answers,news.answers
- Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : pub/usenet/neural-net-faq
- URL: http://wwwipd.ira.uka.de/~prechelt/FAQ/neural-net-faq.html
- Maintainer: Lutz Prechelt
- Email: prechelt@ira.uka.de
-
- Subject: Fuzzy Logic
- Newsgroups: comp.ai.fuzzy,comp.answers,news.answers
- Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : pub/usenet/fuzzy-logic/
- URL: http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/Web/Groups/AI/html/faqs
- /ai/fuzzy/part1/faq.html (should be one line)
- Maintainer: Mark Kantrowitz
- Email: mkant+@cs.cmu.edu
-
- Other useful articles are also available. One article provides a
- tabular cross reference of features and pin counts. This lists was
- compiled and is being maintained by Roger Nelson
- <rnelson@wsuaix.csc.wsu.edu>.
-
- For more information on various microcontrollers and their features,
- refer to the Microcontroller primer and FAQ listed above. URL:
- ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 2) ABOUT THE COP8
-
-
- 2.1) The COP8 microcontroller
-
- General
-
- Firstly - COP8 (Control Orientated Processor) actually stands for
- something. (Although the rest of the numbering scheme leaves something
- to be desired). This is not a failed microprocessor that was cut down for
- 8-bit control (like some others). This is a full featured microcontroller
- designed for bit level control. (Although National does make a 32-bit
- processor (32000), the COP8 has nothing to do with it).
-
- The COP8 is a powerful 8-bit data, 15-bit address (32K max ROM)
- microcontroller from National with an instruction set that is
- similar (somewhat) to the 8051, although it is much easier for
- the beginner to understand and pick up (In my unbasised opinion
- of course :)
-
- Depending on the variety, the COP8 has built-in EEPROM/OTPROM, RAM,
- digital I/O, timers, A/D converter, PWM generator, and synchronous
- and asynchronous communications channels (RS232 and MICROWIRE/PLUS).
- Typical current draw is less than 12ma, with powerdown modes that
- can reduce current draw to typically less than 1 uA. (Although I
- have seen ***50nA***)
-
- A typical COP8 contains:
- - CPU with Boolean processor
- - fully static processor
- - up to vectored 14 interrupts: 2 are external (8 pins can
- be ORed into one interrupt, for a total of 9 external)
- - arbitration levels
- - 1,2 or 3 16-bit timer/counters (min 1 max 3)
- - programmable full-duplex serial port (UART/USART or
- MICROWIRE/PLUS)
- - up to 56 I/O lines (11 pins min + Vcc/GND/Reset/CKI/CKO)
- - up to 512 bytes RAM (64 bytes min)
- - up to 16K ROM/EPROM in some models (768 bytes min)
- - new parts are LOW EMI (typically lower than 14dB emissions)
-
- The COP8 peripherals are POWERFUL. The timer that you will find on
- a COP8 is much more powerful than on a typical microcontroller.
- I will get into this a little later.
-
- The COP8 instruction set is optimized for the one-bit operations so
- often desired in real-world, real-time control applications. The
- Boolean processor provides direct support for bit manipulation. This
- leads to more efficient programs that need to deal with binary input
- and output conditions inherent in digital-control problems. Bit
- addressing can be used for test pin monitoring or program control
- flags.
-
- Architecture
-
- The COP8 is a modified Harvard architecture. With the Harvard
- architecture, the ROM is separated from the data memory (RAM). Both
- ROM and RAM have their own separate addressing space with separate
- address busses (there are two 0 addresses - 1 for ROM, 1 for RAM). The
- COP8, though based on the Harvard Architecture, permits transfers from
- ROM to RAM (hence modified).
-
- The CPU has an 8-bit accumulator (A) that all arithmetic operations go
- into. Two 8-bit index registers are present (X, B) to provide indexing
- to anywhere in the memory map. Having the two index registers means the
- COP8 is very good for processing data. Although an 8-bit processor, the
- COP8 has some 16 bit (and bigger) peripherals (timers, 24 by 8 divide,
- 16 by 8 multiply, 16-bit A/D). An 8 bit stack pointer is also present,
- and instructions are provided for stack manipulation.
-
- Feature Family / Basic Family
-
- The COP8 family is divided into two families - the Basic Family and
- the Feature Family. There is little difference between the devices
- although the feature family has the following advantages:
- - 7 more instructions (including PUSH and POP)
- - 2 auto-reload registers on timers / Basic family only has one
- - IDLE Mode (Basic family only offers HALT mode)
- - powerful peripherals ( A/D, UART, high speed timers, WatchDog,
- comparators, etc. )
-
- Onboard subsystems
-
- Timer - Main timer system comprises of a single 16-bit counter
- (2 x 8-bit registers) clocked at tc (1MHz at Crystal frequency of
- 10MHz). Timers have at least one associated register and all Feature
- Family devices have 2 registers. All timers have at least 1uSec
- accuracy and some have 100nS - check datasheet for specific details.
- Timers can be configured in the following methods:
- - External Counter (clocked on positive or negative edge)
- - Timer w/ Auto-Load Register (PWM output)
- - Timer with Capture (triggered on positive or negative edge)
-
- Pulse Stream Generators - Some of the devices have specific timers
- that are 100ns resolution 16-bit PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) outputs
- only.
-
- Multi-Input Wakeup -The Multi-Input WakeUp (MIWU) is used to return
- (wakeup) the microcontroller from either HALT or IDLE modes.
- Alternately MIWU may also be used to generate up to 8 edge
- selectable external interrupts. The user can select whether the
- trigger condition on the pins is going to be either a positive edge
- (low to high) or a negative edge (high to low).
-
- A-D Converters - 8-bit, 8-channel (multiplexed input) SAR
- (Successive Approximation Register). Two dedicated pins Vref and
- Agnd are provided for voltage reference. The time required for an
- A/D conversion is dependent on the prescaler (fast conversion = more
- power consumed - you can run the microcontroller fast - and the A/D
- slow). The A/D converter has the following different modes of
- operation:
- - One channel conversion then stop
- - Any specific channel to be scanned continuously
- - Any differential channel pair measurement and then stop
- - Any differential channel pair be scanned continuously
-
- It also has a device that supports single slope A/D - the device
- contains a constant current source, a comparator, an analog
- mutliplexer, and a couple of 16-bit timers. These can be configured to
- give the designer a 16-bit (resolution - not accuracy) A/D converter.
-
- UART / USART - Asynchronous or synchronous serial communication block.
- Clock generation (for asynchronous operation) is very sophisticated -
- standard baud rates (300,1200,2400,4800,9600,19200,38400) can be generated
- without having to select some obscure crystal frequency (Run the
- controller at full speed). Synchronous operations occur at 16 x the speed
- of asynchronous. Framing formats supported are: 1 Start, 7,8 or 9 data,
- Parity/No Parity, 1 or 2 stop. The Attention Mode (or Network Mode) is
- also supported, whereby a single master / multi-slave environment is set
- up. This is a *very* powerful feature that can be used almost anywhere
- when you need to talk to more than one controller / CPU. Diagnostic
- mode is also enhanced from a regular UART. Internally, the Transmit
- Shift Register is "looped back" into the Receive Shift Register.
- Externally the receiver input pin (RDX) is connected to the
- transmitter output pin(TDX). This allows the external UART to do a
- continuity check of the external lines.
-
- MICROWIRE/PLUS - A Synchronous serial communications port, comprised
- of Serial Clock (SK), Serial Data In (SI), Serial Data Out (SO) and
- optional chip selects. There are many specific MICROWIRE, MICROWIRE/PLUS
- and SPI devices, (the only difference between SPI and MICROWIRE is
- when the data is shifted in - and with MICROWIRE/PLUS - you control that)
- such as A/Ds, D/As, EPROM, FLASH, EEPROM, MUX's.....
-
- Comparator - A differential comparator, with a pair of inputs (positive
- and negative) and an output. The comparator can be software disabled (to
- save power). The output can either be brought outside (via a pin) or left
- as a bit somewhere inside the controller.
-
- BrownOut - BrownOut protection is usually an on-board protection circuit
- that resets the device when the operating voltage (Vcc) is lower than the
- Brownout voltage. The device is held in reset and will remain in reset
- when Vcc stays below the Brownout voltage. The device will resume
- execution (from reset) after Vcc has risen above the BrownOut Voltage.
-
- CAN - The COP8 supports applications which require a low speed CAN
- interface. The interface is compatible with CAN Specification 2.0 part B,
- without the capability to receive/transmit extended frames. However,
- extended frames on the bus are checked and acknowledged according to the
- CAN specification. The maximum bus speed achievable with the CAN interface
- is a function of crystal frequency, message length and software overhead.
- The device can support a bus speed of up to 1 Mbit/s with a 10MHz
- oscillator and 2 byte messages.
-
- Hardware Multiply / Divide - This block supports a 1 byte x 2 bytes
- (3 byte result) multiply operation (in one instruction cycle - 1uS) or a
- 3 byte x 2 byte (2 byte result) divide operation (in two instruction
- cycles - 2uS). There are no multiplication errors that can occur ( FFh x
- FF FFh = FE FF 01h which fits in three bytes). Divide errors are trapped
- (overflow FF FF FFh / 1h = FF FF FFh which is bigger than two bytes and
- division by zero)
-
- 2.2) COP8 flavors / Numbering Scheme
-
- All devices include at least one 16-bit timer, MICROWIRE/PLUS serial
- interface, common pinouts, common instruction set and most are
- available in ...
-
- Basic Family Numbering Scheme
-
- COP8720CJ-XXX/N
- ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^
- |||||| ||| \-- Package Type : N - DIP
- |||||| ||| : WM - Surface Mount
- |||||| ||| : V - PLCC
- |||||| ||| : J - DIP Windowed
- |||||| |||
- |||||| \\\---- Unique ROM id Code assigned by National
- |||||| NOTE: OTP and windowed parts do not have
- |||||| this code
- ||||||
- ||||\\-------- Features : CJ - Brown-out,high speed timers,
- |||| comparators,MIWU
- |||| C - 16-bit timer
- ||||
- |||\---------- Number of pins : 0 - 28/40/44 (depends on package)
- ||| : 1 - 28
- ||| : 2 - 20
- ||| : 3 - 16
- ||| : 8 - Indicates Feature Family
- ||| : 5 - Indicates Feature Family
- ||| : 4 - Indicates Feature Family
- |||
- ||\------------ ROM/RAM : 2 - 1k ROM / 64 btyes RAM
- || : 4 - 2k ROM / 128 bytes RAM
- || : 8 - 4k ROM / 128 bytes RAM
- ||
- |\------------- If 7 is there indicates Programmability (EPROM)
- | If 6 is there indicates EEPROM for RAM
- | If nothing indicates ROM device with volatile RAM
- |
- \-------------- Temp range : 6 - Military (-55C to +125C)
- 8 - Industrial (-40C to +85C)
- 9 - Commercial (0C to +70C)
-
- Feature Family Numbering Scheme
-
- COP8788EG-XXX/N-R
- ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ \ - OTP Oscillator Option: R - RC
- || ||| ||| | X - Crystal
- || ||| ||| |
- || ||| ||| \-- Package Type : N - DIP
- || ||| ||| : WM - Surface Mount
- || ||| ||| : V - PLCC
- || ||| ||| : J - DIP Windowed
- || ||| |||
- || ||| \\\---- Unique ROM id Code assigned by National
- || ||| NOTE: OTP and windowed parts do not have
- || ||| this code
- || |||
- || ||\-------- Features : F - 2 timers, 8-bit, 8-channel ADC
- || || G - 3 timers, 2 comparators, UART
- || || C - 1 timer, CAN, 2 comparators
- || || S - 1 timer, 1 comparator, UART
- || || L - 2 timers
- || || K - 1 time, Analog block, 1 comparator
- || || W - 2 timers, 4 Pulse Stream Generators
- || || Hardware Multiply divide
- || ||
- || |\--------- ROM/RAM : B - 2k ROM / 64 RAM
- || | C - 4k ROM / 128 RAM
- || | E - 8k ROM / 256 RAM
- || | G - 16k ROM / 512 RAM
- || |
- || \---------- Number of pins : 8 - 40/44 (depends on package)
- || : 5 - 20
- || : 4 - 28
- || : 2 - Indicates Basic Family device
- || : 1 - Indicates Basic Family device
- || : 0 - Indicates Basic Family device
- ||
- |\------------- If 7 is there indicates Programmability (EPROM)
- | If 6 is there indicates EEPROM for RAM
- | If nothing indicates ROM device with volatile RAM
- |
- \-------------- Temp range : 6 - Military (-55C to +125C)
- 8 - Industrial (-40C to +85C)
- 9 - Commercial (0C to +70C)
-
- 2.3) COP8 chips and approximate prices (in US $)
-
- I am affiliated with the manufacturer of these devices, & you will most
- likely be purchasing parts from a distributor. If I was to list prices,
- some people would think that was pricing fixing - so I can't (& won't).
-
- The below prices are subject to lots of things, where you live (prices
- vary by region), package type (DIP, SO, PLCC), Temperature range
- (Commerical, Industrial, Military) and volume. Contact your favorite
- National Distributor for more info.
-
- OTPs
- -----------
- Basic Family |ROM|RAM|DI| |PL|TI|CO|UA|MI|WD|Other
- Device | 5000 | | |P |SO|CC|ME|MP|RT|WU|OG|
- COP8780 | 3.25 | 4k|128|40| |44| 1| | | | |
- COP8781 | 2.55 | 4k|128|28|28| | 1| | | | |
- COP8782 | 2.30 | 4k|128|20|20| | 1| | | | |
- COP8720CJ | 4.00 | 1k| 64|28|28| | 2| 1| | Y| Y|
- COP8722CJ | 3.50 | 1k| 64|20|20| | 2| 1| | Y| Y|
- COP8740CJ | 5.25 | 2k|128|28|28| | 2| 1| | Y| Y|
- COP8742CJ | 4.40 | 2k|128|20|20| | 2| 1| | Y| Y|
-
- Feature Family
- COP8784BC | 7.90 | 2k| 64|28|28| | 2| 2| | Y| |CAN, Power-On-Reset
- COP8788CF | 7.65 | 4k|128|40| |44| 2| | | Y| Y|8-bit 8-chan
- COP8784CF | 7.40 | 4k|128|28|28| | 2| | | Y| Y|A/D
- COP8788EG | 7.85 | 8k|256|40| |44| 3| 2| 1| Y| Y|
- COP8784EG | 7.60 | 8k|256|28|28| | 3| 2| 1| Y| Y|
- COP8788CL | 6.70 | 4k|128|40| |44| 2| | | Y| Y|
- COP8784CL | 6.45 | 4k|128|28|28| | 2| | | Y| Y|
- COP8788EK | 9.40 | 8k|256|40| |44| 3| 1| | Y| Y|Analog fncts
- COP8784EK | 9.10 | 8k|256|28|28| | 3| 1| | Y| Y|(16-bit A/D)
-
-
- Otherwise you can call Future Active Industrial @ 800-723-5817. They do
- stock parts on the shelf, and should be able to ship within a day or
- two. To find you favorite local distributor, please call National, and
- I am sure that we should be able to tell you.
-
- ROMmed - Check with your local National Distributor.
-
- 2.4) Advantages in implementing control applications on this
- family of microcontrollers
-
- Traditional architecture - Modified Harvard (separate RAM and ROM busses)
- leads to an easy to learn device as well as speeding the device up. As your
- first microcontroller, this is very well suited to learning.
-
- More features - a COP8 is typically a "one-chip" solution since it always
- includes such items as serial I/O, PWM, and many I/O lines, and typically
- includes on board A/D, UARTs, and many timers.
-
- Fast and effective - the architecture correlates closely with the problem
- being solved (control systems). Specialized instructions mean that fewer
- bytes of code need to be fetched and fewer conditional jumps are processed.
- (77% on instructions are single byte/single cycle - this means smaller and
- faster code).
-
- Low cost - high level of system integration within one component, only a
- handful of components needed to create a working system.
-
- 2.5) Techy Details
-
- Not all of the below features are on all of the devices (check the
- datasheet):
-
- 2.5.1) How fast are the parts?
-
- The COP8 has a max Clock input (CKI) of 10MHz. Since the parts have a
- divide by 10 internal clock, the instruction cycle time (tc) is 1Mhz
- or 1us. Most internal devices are fed with tc. The UART is fed by tc
- through a very complex divide and prescaler, which allows any standard
- baud rate to be generated with almost any tc. (i.e. Get the baud rate
- you want without having to purchase that 9.8746856MHz crystal!) Some
- timers are fed with CKI, giving a PWM output with **100ns** resolution.
- Hardware multiply/divide are fed with CKI allowing a 3 byte by 2 byte
- multiply to be completed in 1us, and a 3 byte by 2 byte divide completing
- in 2us.
-
- The parts are also fast because most of the instructions execute in one
- tc. (1us).
-
- 2.5.2) What is the operating voltage of the devices?
-
- The operating voltage of most of the ROMmed devices is between 2.3 <->
- 6.0V
-
- The operating voltage of most of the OTP's is between 4.5 <-> 5.5V. A low
- voltage (2ishV) OTP is expected within 12 months.
-
- 2.5.3) How can I guarantee that my program will run reliably?
-
- You can't.
-
- Not COP8, nor any other microcontroller is guaranteed to operate when a
- 10MegaWatt Radar wave is passing through it. EMI can cause any
- microcontroller to do *VERY* funny things. What your microcontroller can
- do is provide a couple features to ensure that the application realizes
- that funny things have gone on.
-
- The COP8 provides 3 methods of trapping these types of events.
- NOTE: these events are just as likely to happen on a HC11, 8051,
- PIC, ect . . . COP8 just traps them.
-
- SOFTWARE TRAP - since the Program Counter (PC) is 15 bits in length
- (Max theoretical ROM space of 32K) and the biggest part we make (currently)
- is a 16K part (and most smaller) there is a possibility that the PC could
- point to ROM that does not physically exist. This will be trapped within
- one tc (instruction cycle) and cause an interrupt to occur. The interrupt
- will reload the PC with a known value (0x00FF) and go to that value. A
- Software Trap is the only non-maskible interrupt on the COP8. This can also
- be valuable when your program takes 4097 bytes (As most programs do) and
- you have to use a part with an 8K ROM. The upper 4095 bytes of ROM are
- physically there, but unused. If the PC does the funky chicken and points
- to those ROM locations, is this trapped? (Well - I wouldn't ask the
- question if I didn't have the answer). Yes, this can be trapped. The
- best method of doing this is to load all unused ROM locations with 0x00.
- (Software Trap is simple a 00 OpCode). Since this is an interrupt, your
- interrupt handler can do anything it wants. (i.e. re-initialize the device)
-
- WATCHDOG - In a well thought out program this works wonderfully. The
- software designer knows exactly how long program execution takes, and
- services a timer every so often. This time frame (the amount of time
- you have to service the timer) is software selectable between 2k->8k,
- 2k->16k, 2k->32k or 2k->64k tc. This means there is two ways to have
- the watchdog time out - either servicing the clock too fast (more
- than once every 2k tc) or too slow (having more than one selectable
- go by). This is actually very powerful - if your "bug" is in your
- routine that services the watchdog, you will still find out - on most
- other microcontrollers this is not true.
-
- When a Watchdog becomes active, nothing happens internally in the device
- with the exception of on pin going low. This is because if you are
- controlling a huge metal lathe with your COP8, and you have a watchdog, it
- is a bad thing. If you reset the part, you continue on business as usual.
- A Watchdog is a catastrophic failure. Maybe you want to turn off your
- lathe, and sound an alarm that the lathe needs servicing.
-
- This all seems well, but what happens in my real-time controller when my
- crystal starts to fail? My real-time stops being very real time. (This is
- another one of those questions that I better have an answer for.)
-
- CLOCK MONITOR - This is guaranteed not to reject the clock if the
- instruction cycle clock (1/tc) is greater than 10kHz. This equates to
- a clock input rate (CKI) of greater than or equal to 100kHz. Again
- this simply brings a pin (/RESET) low on the part - and nothing else.
- This is software selectable (You can turn it off if you want to run
- the parts slower than 100kHz.)
-
- 2.5.4) What kind of power savings features do you have?
-
- The device can be placed into IDLE/HALT mode by software control.
- In both Halt and Idle conditions the state of the microcontroller
- remains. RAM is not cleared and any outputs are not changed.
-
- HALT -
- In Halt mode, all activities are stopped (including timers and
- counters). The only way to wake up is by a reset or device
- interrupt (such as an I/O port). The power requirements of the
- device are minimal and the applied voltage (Vcc) can sometimes be
- decreased below operating voltage without altering the state
- (RAM/Outputs) of the device. Current consumption is typically
- less than 1 uA.
-
- A common application of HALT mode is in laptop keyboards. In
- order to have maximum power saving, the controller is in halt
- until it detects a keystroke (via a device interrupt). It then
- wakes up, decodes and sends the keystroke to the host, and then
- goes back into halt mode, waiting either for another keystroke,
- or information from the host.
-
- The disadvantage of HALT mode is that since *ALL* activities are
- stopped (including your crystal oscillator) it takes some time
- before your oscillator will start going again - sometimes this can
- be in the range of 12 - 100mS (that's milli, not micro). In some
- applications this is a bad thing - and you want to wake up faster.
- (NOTE: this is a function of the oscillator design, not the
- microcontroller.)
-
- IDLE -
- In IDLE mode, all activities are stopped except:
- - associated on-board oscillator circuitry
- - watchdog logic (if any)
- - the clock monitor
- - the idle timer (a free running timer)
- Power supply requirements on the microcontroller in this mode are
- typically around 30% of normal power requirements of the
- microprocessor. Idle mode is exited by a reset, or some other
- stimulus (such as timer interrupt, serial port, etc.). A special
- timer/counter (the idle timer) causes the chip to wake up at a
- regular interval to check if things are OK. The chip then goes
- back to sleep.
-
- IDLE mode is extremely useful for remote, unattended data logging
- - the microprocessor wakes up at regular intervals, takes its
- measurements, logs the data, and then goes back to sleep.
-
- Since the crystal is still going during IDLE mode, the time that it
- takes to get going again is two tc (2 uSec) - but the trade off is
- more power consumption.
-
-
- 2.5.5) What about EMI?
-
- The control and minimization of Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI)
- is a technology that is, out of necessity, growing rapidly. EMI will
- be defined shortly but, for now, you might be more familiar with the
- terms Radio Noise, Electrical Noise, or Radio Frequency
- Interference (RFI). The technology's exploration includes a wide
- frequency spectrum, from dc to 40GHz. It also deals with
- susceptibility to EMI as well as the emissions of EMI by equipment
- or components. Emissions corresponds to that potential EMi which
- comes out of a piece of equipment or component. Susceptibility, on
- the other hand, is that which couples from the outside to the
- inside.
-
- In COP8 designs to date, we have looked at noise situations ranging
- from 1MHz to 200MHz. EMI, in some cases, can affect radio reception,
- TV reception, accuracy of navigation equipment, etc. In severe
- cases, EMI might even affect medical equipment, radar equipment
- and automotive systems.
-
- EMI is a form of electrical-noise pollution. Think of the time
- when an electric drill or some other power tool jammed a nearby
- radio with buzzing or crackling noises. This is annoying - but not
- catastrophic. This is much different than when aircraft navigation
- errors occur from EMI Interruption of air traffic controller
- service or maybe even computer memory loss due to noise could
- cause two aircraft to collide resulting in the loss of lives and
- property.
-
- The ultimate question is - What is National doing to reduce EMI
- emissions on it's COP8? Well, the answer is...LOTS.
-
- Gradual Turn-On Outputs - The outputs and bi-direction ports (except
- pin G7, CKO) use gradual turn on (GTO) output drives. These drivers
- generate less EMI than standard drives by having slower turn-on time
- and thereby reducing the peak instantaneous current. They have
- slightly longer propagation delay than standard drivers.
-
- Idd CHOKE - The rate of change (di/dt) of Idd to the chip nucleus is
- controlled through the use of a Idd choke block. This block actively
- reduces current transients reaching the supply and thus reduces the
- H field emissions from the system.
-
- Level shifters are required for all I/O Port pins to ensure that the
- switching is consistent and to ensure that the resultant changes in
- the internal Vcc are not coupled to the port pins.
-
- The oscillator uses a separate power supply filter to minimize the
- direct coupling of the oscillator frequency to the supply.
-
- Low EMI Logic - In order to further reduce EMI, the logic in the
- chip is disabled when inactive (by disabling the clocks). This
- will reduce switching and hence current consumption and EMI.
-
- Not all devices have the above described EMI enhancements - *only*
- the newer devices. National holds 11 patents on EMI reducing
- technology that is incorporated in the COP8.
-
-
- 2.5.6) Instruction Set
-
- The strength of the instruction set is based on the following
- features:
- o Mostly single-byte opcode instructions minimize program size.
- o One instruction cycle for the majority of single-byte
- instructions to minimize program execution time.
- o Many single-byte, multiple function instructions such as DRSZ
- (Decrement Register and Skip if Zero).
- o Three memory mapped pointers: two for register indirect
- addressing, and one for the software stack.
- o Sixteen memory mapped registers that allow an optimized
- implementation of certain instructions.
- o Ability to set, reset, and test any individual bit in data memory
- address space, including the memory-mapped I/O ports and
- registers.
- o Register-Indirect LOAD and EXCHANGE instructions with optional
- automatic post-incrementing or decrementing of the register
- pointer. This allows for greater efficiency (both in cycle time
- and program code) in loading, walking across and processing
- fields in data memory.
- o Unique instructions to optimize program size and
- efficiency. Some of these instructions are: DRSZ, IFBNE, DCOR,
- RETSK, VIS and RRC.
- o Forty nine basic intructions
- o Ten addressing modes provide great flexibility
- o Easy to Program
-
- The feature family has seven instructions not available on the
- basic family devices. These instructions are:
- o Push Data onto Stack (PUSH)
- o Pop Data off of Stack (POP)
- o And Skip if Zero (ANDSZ)
- o Rotate Left through Carry (RLC)
- o If Not Equal (IFNE)
- o Vector Interrupt Select (VIS)
- o Reset Pending Bit (RPND)
-
- The feature family instruction set contains a faster version of the
- LD B,# (B>15) instruction than the basic family. In the basic family
- this instruction is 2-bytes/3-cycles. In feature family devices,
- this instruction is 2-bytes/2-cycles. The feature family supports an
- additional addressing mode for the IFEQ instruction; the memory
- direct-immediate operand addressing mode (IFEQ MD,#).
-
- Accumulator Bit Manipulation Instructions - The Accumulator bit
- manipulation instructions allow the user to shift the Accumulator
- bits and to swap its two nibbles.
- Rotate Right Through Carry (RRC)
- Rotate Left Through Carry (RLC)
- Swap Nibbles of Accumulator (SWAP)
-
- Stack Control Instructions
- Push Data onto Stack (PUSH)
- Pop Data off of Stack (POP)
-
- Arithmetic Instructions - The arithmetic instructions perform
- binary arithmetic such as addition and subtraction, with or without
- the Carry bit.
- Add (ADD)
- Add with Carry (ADC)
- Subtract (SUB)
- Subtract with Carry (SUBC)
- Increment (INC)
- Decrement (DEC)
- Decimal Correct (DCOR)
- Clear Accumulator (CLR)
- Set Carry (SC)
- Reset Carry (RC)
-
- Conditional Instructions - The conditional instructions test a
- condition. If the condition is true, the next instruction is
- executed in the normal matter; if the condition is false, the next
- instruction is skipped.
- If Equal (IFEQ)
- If Not Equal (IFNE)
- If Greater Than (IFGT)
- If Carry (IFC)
- If Not Carry (IFNC)
- If Bit (IFBIT)
- If B Pointer Not Equal (IFBNE)
- And Skip if Zero (ANDSZ)
- Decrement Register and Skip if Zero (DRSZ)
-
- Load and Exchange Instructions - The load and exchange instructions
- write byte values in registers or memory. The addressing mode
- determines the source of the data.
- Load (LD)
- Load Accumulator Indirect (LAID)
- Exchange (X)
-
- Logical Instructions - The logical instructions perform the basic
- logical operations AND, OR, and XOR (Exclusive OR). Other logical
- operations can be performed by combining these basic operations.
- For example, complementing is accomplished by exclusive-ORing the
- Accumulator with FFh.
- Logical AND (AND)
- Logical OR (OR)
- Exclusive OR (XOR)
-
- Memory Bit Manipulation Instructions - The memory bit manipulation
- instructions allow the user to set and reset (clear) individual
- bits in memory.
- Set Bit (SBIT)
- Reset Bit (RBIT)
- Reset Pending Bit (RPND)
-
- Transfer-of Control Instructions - The transfer-of-control
- instructions change the usual sequential program flow by altering
- the contents of the Program Counter. The Jump to Subroutine
- instruction saves the Program Counter contents on the stack before
- jumping; the Return instructions pops the top of the stack back
- into the Program Counter.
- Jump Relative (JP)
- Jump Absolute (JMP)
- Jump Absolute Long (JMPL)
- Jump Indirect (JID)
- Jump to Subroutine (JSR)
- Jump to Subroutine Long (JSRL)
- Return from Subroutine (RET)
- Return from Subroutine and Skip (RETSK)
- Return from Interrupt (RETI)
- Software Trap Interrupt (INTR)
- Vector Interrupt Select (VIS)
-
- No-Operation Instruction - The no-operation instruction does
- nothing, except to occupy space in the program memory and time in
- execution.
- No-Operation (NOP)
-
- 2.5.7) Can I hook up a LED direct?
-
- Yep - you sure can. On all devices is a 8-bit port named D-port.
- D-port pins can sink 10 mA (tested) 40mA (typical), and can
- source 2mA (tested) 22mA (typical). All other ports can sink
- 2mA (tested) 17mA (typical) and can source 1mA (tested) 8mA
- (typical).
-
- You should check the datasheet - some parts differ.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- 3) COP8 PRODUCTS
-
- This section includes descriptions and references to free and
- commercial software for the COP8. FTP sites and BBSs contain many
- quality packages and code samples for free. For heavy duty use, you
- might prefer the many commercial packages that are available. With
- the public domain (or free) stuff, you're usually on your own. The
- commercial packages usually provide extensive documentation and
- support.
-
- Because not a lot of little companies use COP8, ('cause until about
- a year ago we didn't make OTPs - the COP8 is used primarily by huge
- companies - I don't think there is an American designed and built
- car that doesn't have a COP in it somewhere - and those guys are not
- going to use OTPs) there is not very much free software for the COP8.
-
- Hopefully this will change. - If you have a good idea for a new
- product (or are interested in porting your (or somebody else's)
- existing tool to be used with the COP8 - please contact me.)
-
- 3.1) FTP sites
-
- The following is a list of the various anonymous ftp sites that have
- COP8 source code and programming languages. There are many others
- that are not listed here that contain bits and pieces. Usually you
- can find them using Archie and searching for "COP8", "National", or
- "cop8".
-
-
- 3.2) BBSs
-
- The following BBSs sometimes have COP8 information:
-
- National Semiconductor Corporation
- - contains code from Applications Notes and other interesting
- items
- - phone - (800) - NSC MICRO
- 672 6427
- - (408) - 781 4818
- 4819
- 4810
- 4807
- - internet - telnet nscmicro.nsc.com
- - ftp nscmicro.nsc.com
-
- Circuit Cellar, Inc.
- - contains code from their magazine articles and from the
- original Circuit Cellar articles in Byte magazine, also
- contains many other interesting items
- - The BBS is mentioned in the masthead of each issue (on the
- table of contents page). Excerpts from the BBS appear in Ken
- Davidson's ConnecTime column in every issue with a description
- of how to access the system at the end of every column.
- - (203)871-1988
- - Voice: (203)875-2751
- - Fax: (203)872-2204
-
- Electronics Now
- - contains code from their magazine articles
- - (516)293-2283
- - 1200/2400
- - 8 Data Bits, No parity, 1 Stop bit
-
- 3.3) Free languages and development tools
-
- There are none. (Besides the Assembler and Software Utilities that
- National gives away)
-
- Hopefully this will change. - If you have a good idea for a new
- product (or are interested in porting your (or somebody else's)
- existing tool to be used with the COP8 - please contact me.
- National has a program in place with incentives for people who do things
- with COP8 - for more information contact rgetz@esd.nsc.com)
-
- 3.4) Free C compilers
-
- There are none.
-
- Hopefully this will change. - If you have a good idea for a new
- product (or are interested in porting your (or somebody else's)
- existing tool to be used with the COP8 - please contact me.
- See above 3.3)
-
- 3.5) Plans for COP8-based boards
-
- There are none.
-
- Hopefully this will change. - If you have a good idea for a new
- product (or are interested in porting your (or somebody else's)
- existing tool to be used with the COP8 - please contact me.
- See above 3.3)
-
- 3.6) Commercially available products
-
- Many firms (large and small) offer a variety of COP8 programming
- languages, support packages, and development systems. No endorsement
- is implied by inclusion in this list. I have made an attempt to
- include as many companies as possible. I apologize to those I left
- out; It's only because I didn't know about you. If you want to be
- included in this list, just drop me a line - please. Any corrections
- appreciated.
-
- C compilers - ByteCraft - contains a complete C compiler and integrated
- development environment for the COP8 family of microcontrollers. This
- system provides ease of use and debugging capabilities not found in
- other compilers. AI system generates efficient, tight object code and
- fast execution. Includes linker and built in macro assembler.
-
- COP8 C-Code Development System
- ByteCraft Limited
- 421 King Street North
- Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- N2J 4E4
- (519) 888 - 6911
- support@bytecraft.com
-
- Assemblers
- National Semiconductor Corporation
- - available for free on ftp:\\nscmicro.nsc.com\pub\cop8\assembler\
-
- Fuzzy Logic
- NeuFuz4 - NueFuz4 software, with up to 4 analog inputs and 1 analog
- output. Generates COP8 assembly Code.
- Contact National, or a National distributor.
- - demo copy on nscmicro.nsc.com
-
- In System Emulators
- iceMaster - Metalink - full in circuit emulator supporting all of
- the COP8 basic and feature family. Includes features such as a
- full performance analyzer, 4k - frame trace buffer, symbolic
- debugging, electrically transparent, 32K program space, hardware
- breakpoints.
-
- debug Module - Metalink - almost full in circuit emulator (does
- not support hardware breakpoints). Includes features such as
- 8 software breakpoints, 100 frame trace buffer, symbolic debugging,
- Sockets for programming COP8 OTPs in DIP, SO and PLCC.
-
- Evaluation and Programming Unit (EPU) - Metalink - in circuit
- simulation (non real-time emulation). Includes features such as
- 4k program size, 8 software breakpoints, 100 frame trace buffer,
- Symbolic debugging, 40-pin DIP socket for programming COP8780 and
- COP87M80 OTPs.
-
- All Metalink Tools can be purchased through National.
-
- Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS)
- There are none.
-
- Hopefully this will change. - If you have a good idea for a new
- product (or are interested in porting your (or somebody else's)
- existing tool to be used with the COP8 - please contact me.)
-
- Programmers for OTPs and Windowed parts
- North America Europe ASIA
- Metalink (602) 926-0797 (49) 8141-1030 (852) 737-1800
- Xeltek (408) 745-7974 (49) 2041-684758 (65) 276-6433
- BP Microsystems (800) 225-2102 (49) 89-8576667 (852) 3888-0629
- Data I/O (800) 322-8246 (49) 89-85-8020 (33) 432-6991
- Abcom (89) 808707
- System General (408) 263-6667 (31) 921-7844 (886) 2-9173005
-
-
- 3.7) Contacting National
-
- Worldwide support (in English) on COP8 Tools you can email:
- coptools@esd.nsc.com
-
- For pricing, avaliblity, or support in your native language, call:
- Country Tel Fax
- Australia (3) 558 - 9999 (3) 558 - 9998
- Brazil (55-11) 212 - 5066 (55-11) 212 - 1181
- Bulgaria (02) 88 - 01 - 16 (02) 80 - 36 - 18
- Canada (800) 272 - 9959 (800) 432 - 9672
- Denmark (57) 67 - 20 - 80 (57) 67 - 20 - 82
- Finland (0) 759 - 1855 (0) 759 - 1393
- France (01) 40 - 94 - 88 - 88 (01) 40 - 94 - 88 - 11
- Germany (0 - 69) 789 - 1090 (0 - 69) 789 - 4383
- Hong Kong (852) 737 - 1600 (852) 736 - 9960
- Ireland (01) 260 - 0022 (01) 283 - 0650
- Italy (02) 57500300 (02) 57500400
- Japan (043) 299 - 2300 (043) 299 - 2500
- Korea (02) 784 - 8051 (02) 784 - 8054
- Mexico (525) 661 - 7155 (525) 661 - 6905
- Puerto Rico (809) 758 - 9211 (809) 763 - 6959
- Singapore (65) 225 - 2226 (65) 225 - 7080
- Spain (01) 7 - 33 - 29 - 58 (01) 7 - 33 - 80 - 18
- Sweden (08) 7228050 (08) 7229095
- Switzerland (01) 8 - 30 - 27 - 27 (01) 8 - 30 - 19 - 00
- Taiwan (02) 521 - 3288 (02) 561 - 3054
- United Kingdom (0793) 61 - 41 - 41 (0793) 52 - 21 - 80
- United States (800) 272 - 9959 (800) 432 - 9672
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- 4) COP8 DOCUMENTATION
-
- 4.1) Periodicals
-
- Various magazines and journals (journals seems to be THE popular name
- for magazines these days) provide articles from time to time on the
- COP8 line of microcontrollers:
-
- The Computer Applications Journal (Circuit Cellar Ink)
- - programming and construction articles
- - POB 7694, Riverton, NJ 08077-8784
- - Fax: (203)872-2204
- - Voice orders: (609) 786-0409
- - On-line orders (BBS): (203) 871-1988
- - Email orders: ken.davidson@circellar.com
- - $21.95, $31.95 surface Canada and Mexico,
- $49.95 air all other countries
-
- Computer Design
- - industry announcements and trends
- - One Technology Park Drive, P.O. Box 990, Westford, MA 01886
- - (508)692-0700
-
- The Computer Journal
- - programming and construction articles
- - PO Box 535, Lincoln 96648
-
- Dr. Dobbs Journal
- - programming articles, concepts, and designs
- - 411 Borel Ave., San Mateo, CA 94402
- - (415)358-9500
-
- Electronic Engineering Times
- - industry announcements and trends
- - 500-B Bi-County Boulevard, Farmingdale, NY 11735
- - (516)293-3000
-
- Electronics Now
- - construction articles
- - Box 55115, Boulder, CO 80321-5115
- - $19.97 one year
-
- Elektor Electronics
- - programming and construction articles
- - World Wide Subscription Service Ltd
- Unit 4, Gibbs Reed Farm, Pashley Road
- Ticehurst TN5 7HE, England
- - 27 UK pounds
- or
- - Old Colony Sound Lab, P.O. Box 243, Peterborough, NH 03458
- - Tel. (603) 924-6371, 924-6526
- - Fax: (603) 924-9467
- - $57 USA and Canada per year
-
- Embedded Systems Programming
- - programming and systems design articles
- - Miller Freeman Publications
- - 500 Howard St., San Francisco, CA 94105
- - (415) 397-1881
-
- Microcomputer Journal (formerly Computer Craft)
- - programming and construction articles
- - 76 N. Broadway, Hicksville, NY 11801
- - $18.95 one year, foreign $23.00, foreign air mail $76.00
-
- Midnight Engineering
- - 1700 Washington Ave., Rocky Road, CO 81067
- - (719)254-4553
-
- Nuts & Volts Magazine
- - A National Publication for the Buying and Selling of
- Electronic Equipment
- - 430 Princeland Court, Corona, CA 91719
- - Mailed third class, USA only: $17.00 one year
- $31.00 two years
- - Mailed first class, one year only: $34.00-USA
- $35.00-Canada/Mexico
- - Foreign/Air Mail - $70.00; Foreign/Surface - $39.00
- - (800)783-4624
- - Email: 74262.3664@Compuserve.com
-
- 4.2) Data Books / Application Notes
-
- If you know of any books that cover the COP8, or if you can provide
- any details on the books listed here, please send me a note. Thanks.
-
- Books provided by National about the COP8
-
- COP8 Databook
- - Lit # 400007-001
- - Current databook for COP8
-
- COP8 Advertisement
- - Lit #620900-001
- - Introduces 8-bit microcontrollers and COP8
-
- Utility Disk
- - Mac Version - Lit #630000-001
- - Win Version - Lit #630001-001
- - Typical microcontroller application and sample application code
-
- Product Overview Disk
- - Mac Version - Lit #630004-001
- - Win Version - Lit #630005-001
- - Self-lead COP8 overview. Shows product features/benefit and
- includes an electronic selection guide.
-
- COP8 Selection Guide
- - Lit # 630006-001
- - Selection guide including 20 application examples
-
- COP8 Selection Sheet
- - Lit #620899-001
- - Selection guide only
-
- COP8 Designers Information Kit
- - Lit #630007-005
- - Includes databook, Selection Guide, Independent Software Analysis
- Utility and Overview disks
-
- Independent 8-bit Instruction Set Analysis
- - Lit #630008-001
- - Independently prepared software analysis of National's COP8,
- Motorola's M68HC05, Intel's 8051 and Microchip's PIC16C5X.
-
- 8780 EPU Product Brief
- - Lit #610506-001
- - Metalink's COP8780 Evaluation / Programming Unit
-
- Debug Module Product Brief
- - Lit #610520-001
- - Fact sheet on Metalink's Debug Module
-
- iceMaster Product Brief
- - 630074-001
- - Fact Sheet on Metalink's in-circuit emulator
-
- COP8C Product Brief
- - Lit #610505-001
- - Fact Sheet on ByteCraft's C compiler for COP8
-
- NueFuz Product Information Pack
- - Lit #633101-002
- - Intro to NeuFuz4 (disk, app-not and fact sheet)
-
- Application Notes
- - Lit #100823-001 - Timekeeping using a COP800
- - Lit #100643-001 - EMI / RFI Board Design
- - Lit #100959-001 - Battery charger with Neufuz
- - Lit #400007-001 - Others can be found in the 1994 databook.
-
- Programmer's Reference Guide
- - Programmer's Reference Guide includes block diagrams, connection
- diagrams, memory map, instruction set, bytes and cycles per
- instruction, and device features.
- - Lit #630018-001 - COP820/840
- - Lit #630019-001 - COP888CL / COP888CF / COP888CG
-
- COP800 Basic Family Users Manual
- - Doc #420410703-001
- - Describes all basic family devices, in-depth features and
- common pitfalls
-
- COP888 Features Family Users Manual
- - Doc #420411060-001
- - Describes all feature family devices, in-depth features and
- common pitfalls
-
- COP8 Assembler / Linker / Librarian Users' Manual
- - Doc #424421632-001
- - Printed version of COP8 Assembler Manual.
-
- NeuFuz User's Manual
- - Doc #424421645-001
- - Manual for Neural / Fuzzy software
-
- Dial-A-Helper User's Manual
- - Doc #420410902-001
- - Manual for National's BBS
-
- __________________________________________________________
-
- Some parts Copyright (c) 1994 by Russell Hersch,<sibit@datasrv.co.il>
- all rights reserved. (Used with permission)
-
- The rest is Copyright (c) 1995 Robin Getz all rights reserved.
- -----------------------------------
- Robin Getz - rgetz@esd.nsc.com
-
-
-
-