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- Archive-name: medicine/static-fields-cancer-faq
- Posting-Frequency: monthly
- Last-modified: 17 June 2003
- Version: 3.4.3
- URL: http://www.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/static-fields-cancer-FAQ/toc.html
- Copyright: (c) 1994-2003 John E. Moulder & The Medical College of
- Wisconsin
- Maintainer: John E. Moulder <jmoulder@mcw.edu>
-
- FAQs on Static Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer
-
- ** Summary: **
-
- The purpose of this FAQ is to examine the laboratory and
- epidemiological evidence relevant to the issue of whether static
- (direct current, DC) magnetic or electric fields cause or contribute to
- cancer or other health problems in humans.
-
- While most public concern about electromagnetic fields and cancer has
- concentrated on power-frequency, microwave (MW) and radiofrequency (RF)
- fields, claims have been made that static magnetic fields cause or
- contribute to cancer.
-
- There is very little theoretical reason to suspect that static fields
- might cause or contribute to cancer or any other human health problems
- (Question 17), and there is very little laboratory (Questions 11-16,
- Question 23) or epidemiological evidence (Questions 8-10, Question 23)
- for a connection between static fields and human health hazards.
-
- ----------
-
- The full version of this FAQ is now available only on the web at:
- http://www.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/static-fields-cancer-faq/toc.html
-
- Note that "-faq" is lower-case; "-FAQ" MAY NOT WORK
-
- -----------
-
- El documento "Preguntas y respuestas sobre campos elΘctricos y
- magnΘticos estßticos y cßncer" estß disponible en espa±ol:
- http://www.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/campos-estaticos-cancer/toc.html
-
- ----------
-
- There are two related FAQs:
- FAQs about Cell Phone Base Antennas and Human Health
- http://www.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/cell-phone-health-faq/toc.html
- Powerlines & Cancer FAQs
- http://www.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/powerlines-cancer-faq/toc.html
-
- Note that "-faq" is lower-case; "-FAQ" MAY NOT WORK
-
- ----------
-
- * Revision Notes **
-
- In 2003:
- - Exposure of immune system cells to a 10,000 milliT field caused the
- loss of some cell types under some conditions [116].
- - Exposure of human tumor cells to 1500 or 7050 milliT fields for 1-12
- hours had no effect on cell growth [113].
- - Exposure of tumor cells to 0.1-7.5 milliT fields had no effect on
- membrane function [114].
- - Exposure of rats to 7000 or 14,000 milliT fields caused behavioral
- changes within 5 minutes [115].
- - A 3570 milliT field had no effect on intracellular calcium,
- proliferation or immunological function in normal or activated
- lymphocytes, but proliferation was decreased in leukemic cells
- [112].
- - Static fields from MRI units can effect pacemakers at fields as low
- as 500 milliT [110].
- - A 4000 milliT static field had no effect on apoptosis in brain tumor
- cells, but inhibited apoptosis induced by heat or cytotoxic drugs.
- The field also increased intracellular calcium im the same cells
- [111].
- ----------
-
- ** Contents **
-
- 1) Does anyone think that static electric or magnetic fields cause
- cancer or any other human health problems?
- 2) When evaluating whether there might be a connection between
- cancer and static electric or magnetic fields, can all
- electromagnetic fields be considered the same?
- 3) When evaluating whether there might be a connection between
- cancer and static electric or magnetic fields, do we have to
- consider electromagnetic radiation as well as electromagnetic
- fields?
- 4) When evaluating whether there might be a connection between
- cancer and static electric or magnetic fields, do we have to
- consider the electric as well as the magnetic component of the
- field?
- 5) What units are used to measure static fields?
- 6) What sort of static magnetic fields are common in residences?
- 7) What sort of static magnetic fields are common in workplaces?
- 8) What is known about the relationship between occupational
- exposure to static magnetic fields and cancer?
- 9) How do scientists determine whether an environmental agent, such
- as a static electric or magnetic field causes or contributes to
- the development of cancer?
- 10) How does the epidemiological evidence relevant to a connection
- between static fields and cancer stand up to the Hill criteria?
- 11) How could laboratory studies be used to help evaluate the
- possible relationship between static magnetic fields and cancer?
- 12) Are static magnetic fields genotoxic?
- 13) Do static magnetic fields enhance the effects of other genotoxic
- agents?
- 14) Do laboratory studies indicate that static magnetic fields have
- an biological effects that might be relevant to cancer or other
- human health hazards?
- 15) Do static magnetic fields show any reproducible biological
- effects in laboratory studies?
- 16) Do static magnetic fields of the intensity encountered in
- occupational settings show reproducible biological effects?
- 17) Are there known mechanisms that would explain how static
- magnetic fields of the intensity encountered in occupational
- settings could cause biological effects in people?
- 18) How does the sum of the laboratory and epidemiological evidence
- relevant to a connection between static magnetic fields and
- cancer stand up to the Hill criteria?
- 19) Have any independent bodies reviewed the research on static
- electric and magnetic fields and possible human health effects?
- 20) Do exposure standards for static electric and magnetic fields
- exist?
- 21) What is the basis for the safety standards set by Lawrence
- Livermore, WHO, ACGIH, NRPB, and ICNIRP?
- 22) Do static fields affect cardiac pacemakers?
- 23) Do static fields decrease fertility, cause birth defects or
- increase miscarriage rates?
- 24) Could static field sources (like DC powerlines) cause health effects
- by creating or attracting ionized particles or chemicals?
- 25) Bibliography
-