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- From: jjulca@tenon.com
- Newsgroups: comp.unix.machten,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: [comp.unix.machten] MachTen & CodeBuilder FAQ
- Followup-To: comp.unix.machten
- Date: 8 Jun 1998 17:33:16 GMT
- Organization: Network Intensive
- Lines: 2122
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU
- Expires: 01 Jul 1998 00:00:00 -0800
- Message-ID: <6lh78s$54f$1@nnrp1.ni.net>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: athena.tenon.com
- Summary: This is Tenon Intersystems' FAQ for MachTen and CodeBuilder.
- Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.unix.machten:4996 comp.answers:31647 news.answers:132062
-
- Archive-name: macintosh/machten-faq
- Posting-Frequency: monthly
- Last-modified: 1998/05/19
- URL: http://www.tenon.com/support/machten.faq.shtml
- Copyright: (c) 1998, Tenon Intersystems
- Maintainer: Jaime Julca <jjulca@tenon.com>
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- MachTen & CodeBuilder FAQ
-
- MachTen 4.1
-
- CodeBuilder 1.0.1
-
- Last Updated:
- 19 May 1998
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- This collection of frequently asked questions (FAQ) provides brief answers
- to many common questions about Tenon's MachTen and CodeBuilder software.
- Please check here for answers before posting a question to the MachTen
- newsgroup (comp.unix.machten) or before sending email to support@tenon.com.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- A. General Questions
- general description of MachTen and CodeBuilder; versions; platforms
- supported
-
- B. Communications
- interoperability and internetworking
-
- C. Software Development
- tools and porting techniques
-
- D. The X Window System
- understanding and using X
-
- E. File Handling Management
- Macintosh file system vs. a UNIX file system
-
- F. Peripherals and Devices
- third-party devices and compatibility issues
-
- G. Technical MachTen
- common technical support questions
-
- We try to make as much information as possible available through our web
- site at http://www.tenon.com. If you have trouble finding the information
- you need there, please let us know.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- A. General Questions:
-
- A1. What is MachTen?
- A2. What is CodeBuilder?
- A3. What is the difference between Power MachTen and CodeBuilder?
- A4. Why did Tenon develop MachTen?
- A5. What are the main reasons for marriage of UNIX and Macintosh?
- A6. How will Apple's acquistion of NeXT affect Tenon?
- A7. What are some of the typical applications for MachTen?
- A8. Is there anything that MachTen won't do that another machine running BSD
- UNIX can do?
- A9. Are there any other UNIX packages available for Macs and Power Macs?
- A10. How can MachTen be considered a real UNIX operating system when it is
- implemented on top of MacOS?
- A11. What models of Macintosh does MachTen run on?
- A12. What models of Macintosh does CodeBuilder run on?
- A13. What add-on hardware is supported?
- A14. What are the differences between Professional MachTen and Power
- MachTen?
- A15. How do I decide what version of MachTen I need?
- A16. Is it possible to upgrade from Professional MachTen to Power MachTen?
- A17. What are MachTen's memory and disk requirements?
- A18. Does MachTen support virtual memory?
- A19. Is there any way I can have MachTen start up every time my Mac boots?
- A20. Does the "xxx" software package run on top of MachTen?
- A21. What commercial applications run on MachTen?
- A22. As UNIX is so file I/O intensive, what kind of performance can MachTen
- have if Apple's file system is so slow?
- A23. Can more than one user access the MachTen host system?
- A24. Can users without a UNIX account use the Mac solely as a Mac?
- A25. What is the visual appearance of MachTen/CodeBuilder?
- A26. Can you start Mac applications both under Finder and under the UNIX
- shell?
- A27. What Mac applications run on MachTen?
- A28. Can I get a demo of MachTen?
- A29. Does Tenon offer educational discounts?
- A30. Is MachTen/CodeBuilder compatible with MacOS 8?
-
- A1. What is MachTen?
-
- MachTen is a Berkeley UNIX operating system with a Carnegie-Mellon Mach
- kernel. It runs as an application on the Macintosh Operating System (MacOS).
- The MachTen UNIX kernel supports a standard UNIX applications environment
- which in turn supports hundreds of standard UNIX applications. The UNIX
- operating system runs in concert with the Macintosh operating system. When
- MachTen is running, you still have access to the Macintosh Finder desktop
- and Macintosh applications, such as a Macintosh spreadsheet or desk
- accessory application.
-
- Even though MachTen gives the appearance of being just another Macintosh
- application, its operation is more like that of a co-resident operating
- system. MachTen and MacOS share the processor -- when MachTen has control,
- it pre-emptively multitasks the UNIX applications; when MacOS has control,
- it runs the Mac applications using its cooperative sharing.
-
- Since MachTen runs on top of MacOS, there is no need to partition the hard
- drive or to install separate MachTen-specific device drivers. MachTen maps
- the UNIX file system to the MacOS file system and uses the MacOS device
- drivers. This means that there is a single, consistent file system and that
- third party devices, such as network controller boards, automatically run
- with MachTen.
-
- In addition, Power MachTen has its own native fast file system (implemented
- within a single Macintosh file) that gives UNIX operations a significant
- performance boost.
-
- MachTen is a full-fledged operating system that, for portability reasons,
- uses as much of the device driver software that's available in the
- Macintosh. Where necessary, it will operate directly with the hardware.
-
- A2. What is CodeBuilder?
-
- CodeBuilder is a powerful and unique Macintosh software development tool for
- porting existing applications or developing new, advanced applications on
- Power Macs and Power Mac clones.
-
- CodeBuilder is a Power Macintosh application that includes a complete suite
- of C, C++, Objective-C, Java, Ada, and Fortran development tools.
- CodeBuilder can be used in combination with standard Macintosh editors and
- compilers to develop Macintosh applications, X applications, and NeXT/UNIX
- applications.
-
- CodeBuilder gives developers the ability to create an application with a
- single source base not only for Power Macs under a native Apple operating
- system, but also for Silicon Graphics, SUN, NeXT, or HP environments.
- CodeBuilder gives Apple developers the freedom to take advantage of
- time-tested UNIX development tools and to explore Objective-C and Ada,
- without giving up the features of their favorite Macintosh editors and
- compilers. Because CodeBuilder uses standard Macintosh binary formats, you
- can use Macintosh debuggers and even combine Macintosh compiler output with
- CodeBuilder's UNIX compiler output. CodeBuilder is a new standard in PowerPC
- software development.
-
- A3. What is the difference between Power MachTen and CodeBuilder?
-
- MachTen is a full-fledged UNIX system that runs over the MacOS. CodeBuilder
- has a MachTen kernel and many of the UNIX features, but lacks MachTen's
- networking. CodeBuilder includes many tools available to MachTen owners only
- on the Ported Apps Vol. 2 CD.
-
- A4. Why did Tenon develop MachTen?
-
- Tenon's goal was to "unlock" the processing power of personal computers and
- put them on an equal footing with workstations, minis, and mainframes.
-
- On one hand, MachTen brings UNIX applications and technology to the
- Macintosh desktop; on the other hand, it provides a vehicle for Macintosh
- users to access those larger functional capabilities and communications
- protocols that are fundamentally developed by the workstation community.
- These industry standard tools can be brought to the desktop where Macintosh
- applications are able to take advantage of them. It is a dual-directional
- approach.
-
- MachTen makes client/server computing available for everyone by lowering the
- price point of this capability by an order of magnitude. When Apple built
- the Macintosh, they called it a computer for "the rest of us". MachTen is
- UNIX for "the rest of us".
-
- A5. What are the main reasons for marriage of UNIX and Macintosh?
-
- The Macintosh is the most user-friendly computer. Windows is trying to
- achieve the friendliness of the Mac. UNIX is the richest, most popular
- software development environment, and is becoming a universally accepted
- standard for distributed computing. It has an abundant set of communications
- protocols and file sharing software - Telnet, r-series, email, file
- transfer, NFS client and server. MachTen makes that plentiful environment
- available on a Macintosh.
-
- The combination of Macintosh and UNIX has been enthusiastically embraced by
- both Macintosh and UNIX lovers.
-
- A6. How will Apple's acquistion of NeXT affect Tenon?
-
- Apple's acquistion of NeXT Corporation validates Tenon's choice of the
- Carnegie Mellon Mach kernel coupled with a Berkeley UNIX as a way to extend
- and enhance MacOS. Tenon has been shipping the exact same variant of UNIX
- chosen by Steve Jobs for the foundation of its MachTen UNIX that runs on
- every single Macintosh and Power Mac.
-
- We think that MachTen could accelerate Apple's porting efforts, since our
- software has already been made extremely portable by removing the UNIX/Mach
- hardware dependencies. Interfacing our software to the Copland Nu kernel and
- then adding the advanced NeXT tools on top may be the fastest way for Apple
- to get NeXT OS on Power Macs. Tenon's development organization includes the
- world's largest collection of engineers with Mach/MacOS/PPC experience.
-
- Our UNIX software development environment generates MacOS (PEF) binaries
- from UNIX sources. In addition to C and C++ compilers for the 68K and
- PowerMac, our development environment includes essential UNIX standard
- tools, such as make, lex, and yacc. We have used these tools to port
- millions of lines of UNIX system source and hundreds of UNIX application
- programs to both 68K Macs and Power Macs. The advanced NeXT development
- tools (and even applications, such as WebObjects) could easily be ported to
- MachTen using these tools. This done, MachTen could give developers an early
- platform for porting applications.
-
- By incorporating the 68K version of our software into their strategy, Apple
- could make the integrated NeXT system backward compatible to all M68K
- Macintoshes. By doing this, they might actually be able to bring the 68K
- port out ahead of the PowerMac port.
-
- Tenon's software already supports AfterStep (a NeXT-like X Window manager)
- and soon will support Objective C. Portions of GNUStep (the FSF version of
- NeXTStep) have been ported to MachTen.
-
- A7. What are some of the typical applications for MachTen?
-
- MachTen opens up new markets for Apple to offer Macs and Power Macs as
- inexpensive UNIX and X software development platforms. It also lets users
- integrate every Macintosh in the environment with all the other processors
- in the enterprise -- it doesn't even have to be UNIX-based -- anything
- TCP/IP-based can interoperate with a Macintosh. On the one hand, MachTen is
- an inexpensive UNIX development environment; on the other hand, it is an
- excellent connectivity tool for the Macintosh. MachTen can turn a Macintosh
- into a complete Internet server or a high-performance X terminal.
-
- A8. Is there anything that MachTen won't do that another machine running BSD
- UNIX can do?
-
- MachTen is a fully functional BSD system. Tenon has added a few
- MachTen-specific utilities; e.g.: it can change UNIX text into text
- recognizable by Macintosh applications and can cope with Apple Single/Double
- file formats. In addition, a Macintosh-style MachTen Control Panel lets you
- easily modify networking addresses and other system variables that would
- ordinarily require editing UNIX configuration files. So, in some sense, it
- is a friendlier UNIX. But, by and large, there are no surprises. MachTen is
- exactly what you would expect to find on any Berkeley UNIX system.
-
- A9. Are there any other UNIX packages available for Macs and Power Macs?
-
- Apple developed a commercial UNIX (A/UX) that ran on a subset of Macs. Apple
- no longer supports or sells A/UX, which was an older version of UNIX --
- SystemV, version 2 -- and was expensive in terms of memory and required disk
- space. MachTen is a more compact UNIX that can run on all Macs and all Power
- Macs. A/UX was implemented on the bare Macintosh hardware, which required
- Apple to port A/UX to new platforms on a machine-by-machine basis. Unlike
- A/UX, MachTen sits on top of the MacOS, which means that you don't need
- special device drivers and you don't have to partition your disk.
-
- In 1996, Apple began distributing MkLinux. MkLinux is a public domain
- version of Linux that has been ported to a few Power Mac platforms (Nu-bus
- based Power Macs). MkLinux, much like A/UX, runs on the bare Power Mac
- hardware. Users must use MkLinux-specific device drivers and cannot run Mac
- applications while MkLinux is running. The current version of MkLinux is
- Developer Release 2.1. It is our understanding that Apple is no longer
- supporting new MkLinux development.
-
- A10. How can MachTen be considered a real UNIX operating system when it is
- implemented on top of MacOS?
-
- Even though MachTen gives the appearance of being just another Macintosh
- application, MachTen and MacOS operate very much like co-resident operating
- systems, sharing the processor. When MachTen has control, it pre-emptively
- multitasks UNIX applications; when MacOS has control, it runs the Macintosh
- applications using its cooperative sharing. There is a slide bar Control
- Panel that lets you prioritize UNIX processing over Macintosh processing.
-
- A11. What models of Macintosh does MachTen run on?
-
- MachTen is designed to run on all modern Macs, from the Classic to the
- Quadra AV machines, all PowerBooks and Duos, and all Power Macs, including
- the lastest G3 desktops, tower, and PowerBook..
-
- A12. What models of Macintosh does CodeBuilder run on?
-
- CodeBuilder is designed to run on all Power Macs, Power Mac clones, and
- PowerPC PowerBooks, including the lastest G3 desktops, tower, and PowerBook.
-
- A13. What add-on hardware is supported?
-
- Because MachTen sits on top of the Macintosh file system and interoperates
- with the Finder, all add-on hardware should work under MachTen. MachTen has
- been used with Syquest drives, Bernoulli drives, Zip drives, accelerators,
- multiport serial cards, ethernet cards (NuBus, SCSI, PCI) and video cards,
- among others. In cases where MachTen takes control of the hardware (e.g., to
- implement virtual memory), there could be incompatibilities.
-
- A14. What are the differences between Professional MachTen and Power
- MachTen?
-
- Both Professional MachTen and Power MachTen are complete UNIX operating
- systems with identical UNIX commands and utilities and identical UNIX
- communications that include an enhanced TCP protocol stack and UNIX file
- sharing and printer sharing. Professional MachTen is based on BSD 4.3
- Berkeley UNIX; Power MachTen is based on BSD Berkeley 4.4. Both Professional
- MachTen and Power MachTen include an X server and an X client execution and
- development environment.
-
- Professional MachTen supports UNIX/Mach virtual memory. In other words,
- Professional MachTen completely takes over the memory management functions
- from MacOS to page both UNIX and Macintosh applications from memory to disk.
- Since MachTen's paging algorithms are more sophisticated than those of
- MacOS, Professional MachTen's VM gives improved performance under low memory
- conditions. In addition, Professional MachTen runs UNIX applications in
- protected memory space.
-
- Power MachTen, the native Power PC version of MachTen, has all the features
- of Professional MachTen (except for protected and virtual memory), and all
- the features of MachTen X Window Software. In addition, Power MachTen has
- some unique features, such as support for shared memory, shared libraries,
- integrated Macintosh and UNIX development environment, and support for UNIX
- hard links.
-
- A15. How do I decide what version of MachTen I need?
-
- For PowerPC-based Macs (Power Macs), Power MachTen is your ONLY choice.
-
- A16. Is it possible to upgrade from Professional MachTen to Power MachTen?
-
- If you have continuous coverage under a MachTen Maintenance plan, you can
- always request Power PC native versions of MachTen instead of 68K versions.
- Without Maintenance, you can explicitly purchase a PPC upgrade.
-
- A17. What are MachTen's memory and disk requirements?
-
- MachTen is one of the most compact UNIX operating systems available. The
- MachTen 68K application itself consumes 2MB in memory. Since System 7 takes
- roughly 2MB RAM, you can see that you need more than 4MB RAM in order to
- have enough memory available for UNIX and Mac applications. A total of 8MB
- RAM is recommended for Professional MachTen, especially if you are doing
- software development or running X. The Power MachTen application consumes
- about 3MB RAM; a total of 16MB RAM is recommendedfor Power MachTen.
-
- The hard disk requirements can vary from 15MB to 90MB, depending upon
- whether you install the development tools and the X Window software
- components of MachTen.
-
- A18. Does MachTen support virtual memory?
-
- On 68030 and 68040 machines, Professional MachTen takes over the memory
- management hardware to provide demand-paged virtual memory and memory
- protection.
-
- Power MachTen does not yet support UNIX virtual memory nor memory
- protection. Tenon originally designed Power MachTen to take advantage of
- Copland's protected threads. Apple's next-generation OS quickly became a
- moving target. Talk of Copland eventually became talk of BeOS, and now with
- the NeXT acquisition, Rhapsody is on the horizon. At this time, Tenon does
- not plan to implement UNIX VM for Power MachTen. This could change depending
- on market demand.
-
- Power MachTen can, of course, be used with MacOS VM or RAMDoubler.
-
- A19. Is there any way I can have MachTen start up every time my Mac boots?
-
- An alias to MachTen can be installed in the Startup Items folder in your
- System Folder. This will start MachTen every time your Mac boots. You can
- even run Power MachTen without the Finder.
-
- MachTen can also be configured to boot instead of the Finder. This is most
- beneficial if a Macintosh is to be used fundamentally as a UNIX system and
- few, if any, desktop operations are needed. Running MachTen as the Finder
- saves precious RAM and processing resources. To maintain the Desktop, Finder
- must assume control of the system every few seconds in order to update
- folder file information, handle changes in the volume structure, and perform
- general bookkeeping for the Desktop. It is possible to run MachTen without
- Finder and, if needed, start the Finder from MachTen.
-
- While this idea is interesting and has a certain academic quality to it (in
- that you are able to get the most possible from your Macintosh for your UNIX
- processing), it may only have appeal for more vigorous UNIX enthusiasts.
- This whole mechanism becomes much more interesting, however, if a Macintosh
- is to be used in an environment where access to the Macintosh desktop and
- its MachTen files need to be controlled. Running MachTen as the Finder
- forces every user to log in in the traditional UNIX manner. To configure
- your Macintosh to start MachTen instead of Finder upon power ON, please see
- the Tenon Technical Note, "MachTen as Finder".
-
- A20. Does the "xxx" software package run on top of MachTen?
-
- Most UNIX software packages can be ported to MachTen in a straightforward
- way. MachTen is a "vanilla" Berkeley system, with standard BSD libraries. To
- run MachTen on systems with small amounts of memory and without UNIX virtual
- memory, it is sometimes necessary to avoid large automatic variables by
- using malloc/free.
-
- Hundreds of public domain applications have been ported to MachTen. For a
- list see http://www.tenon.com/products/machten/machten.apps.shtml.
-
- A21. What commercial applications run on MachTen?
-
- While hundreds of public domain applictions have been ported to MachTen,
- commercial vendors have been less enthusiastic. Initially vendors directed
- their attention toward A/UX. Not that A/UX no longer exists and Rhapsody is
- on the horizon, vendors may become more receptive. A port to MachTen would
- easily transition to Rhapsody.
-
- A22. As UNIX is so file I/O intensive, what kind of performance can MachTen
- have if Apple's file system is so slow?
-
- Having lots of memory and making sure that you have a fast hard disk and a
- fast software disk driver go a long way to ensuring good performance. Power
- MachTen ships with a native fast file system that gives a two to ten fold
- performance improvement. MachTen on Apple's new G3 machines is very fast.
-
- A23. Can more than one user access the MachTen host system?
-
- Yes. MachTen turns your Macintosh into a multitasking, multiuser
- environment.
-
- A24. Can users without a UNIX account use the Mac solely as a Mac?
-
- When MachTen is running, users have full access to Macintosh Finder and
- could simply run Macintosh programs. If MachTen is installed on a machine
- that will be shared by users who do not want to get involved with UNIX, they
- can simply use the Macintosh as a normal Mac, and not start up the MachTen
- application. On the other hand, if you always want to use MachTen, you can
- set your machine up so that the MachTen application comes on automatically
- when the Mac is powered up. Even with this setup, you can easily toggle from
- Mac applications to UNIX applications.
-
- A25. What is the visual appearance of MachTen/CodeBuilder?
-
- A Macintosh running MachTen or CodeBuilder appears simultaneously as a
- traditional UNIX system with multiple windows and a Berkeley command line
- interface, and as a traditional Macintosh system with a Finder interface. If
- you pull down the System application menu when MachTen or CodeBuilder is
- running, you can click on Finder, any Macintosh application, or
- MachTen/CodeBuilder. If X is running, you have an X desktop as well which
- you can customize with OpenLook, Motif and even AfterStep window managers.
- You can easily toggle back and forth between Finder, Mac apps, the UNIX
- desktop and the X desktop.
-
- A26. Can you start Mac applications both under Finder and under the UNIX
- shell?
-
- Yes. Under the UNIX shell you simply type (with * if necessary) the data
- file or application name, followed by a CR. Since most users continue to use
- Finder in combination with MachTen, the typical way to start a Mac app is by
- double-clicking. If you double-click a UNIX application when MachTen is
- already running, it will bring the MachTen application to the front;
- otherwise, it will start MachTen. Starting Mac apps in Power MachTen is a
- little more complicated to set up.
-
- A27. What Mac applications run on MachTen?
-
- Virtually all Macintosh applications work with MachTen. Occasionally an init
- or system extension will conflict with MachTen. Tenon's policy is to work
- toward eliminating incompatibilities if any are found.
-
- When MacintoshTCP applications run with MachTen, they automatically use
- Tenon's TCP stack. If you want to run Macintosh Internet servers with
- MachTen, such as ftpd, you must make sure that the equivalent UNIX server
- daemon is not listening on the same port.
-
- A28. Can I get a demo of MachTen?
-
- Yes, demos are available. Contact sales@tenon.com for a copy.
-
- A29. Does Tenon offer educational discounts?
-
- Yes. Contact sales@tenon.com for more information.
-
- A30. Is MachTen/CodeBuilder compatible with MacOS 8?
-
- Power MachTen and CodeBuilder are compatible. MachTen 2.3 is not compatible,
- it will be replace with MachTen 2.4 which will be MacOS 8 compatible.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- B. Communications:
-
- B1. Does MachTen interoperate with other versions of UNIX?
- B2. What are some of MachTen's communications features that allow the
- Macintosh to interoperate with other UNIX workstations?
- B3. What networking support does MachTen provide?
- B4. How do I configure MachTen for PPP?
- B5. Why use MachTen's TCP stack instead of MacTCP?
- B6. What are some of the features of Tenon's TCP stack that MacTCP lacks?
- B7. How will I run my MacTCP applications?
- B8. Is MachTen compatible with OpenTransport?
- B9. What Internet services does MachTen provide?
- B10. Do I need to have MachTen on each client machine?
- B11. How does MachTen's Web server compare to using WebStar?
- B12. If I create a Web server using MachTen, what tools are available for
- creating Web pages?
- B13. What tools are available for browsing a MachTen Web server?
-
- B1. Does MachTen interoperate with other versions of UNIX?
-
- Yes, MachTen can network with all standard TCP/IP implementations. For
- example, you can exchange tar-format floppies or mount NFS volumes with
- other UNIX machines such as SCO, A/UX, SUN, Solaris, HP, DEC, IBM 's AIX and
- NeXT, among others.
-
- B2. What are some of MachTen's communications features that allow the
- Macintosh to interoperate with other UNIX workstations?
-
- UNIX has a very rich set of communications protocols and file sharing
- software --Telnet, r-series, electronic mail, file transfer, and client and
- server NFS. MachTen provides this full complement of protocols for the
- Macintosh. With MachTen on your Macintosh, it is possible, for example, to
- store all Macintosh applications on the hard disk of a remote UNIX
- workstation and mount those applications on your Mac desktop with NFS. With
- MachTen, you can even mount Apple Share volumes on your Macintosh and then
- export those volumes using NFS.
-
- MachTen has line printer spooling capabilities, so it can send printer
- output to the printer of a remote UNIX workstation. Any Macintosh on your
- LAN can send its printer output to a MachTen Macintosh, and MachTen can
- subsequently spool that output to any printer in your UNIX environment.
- Likewise, UNIX workstations can spool printer output to a MachTen Macintosh
- and have that output printed on a Macintosh LaserWriter.
-
- B3. What networking support does MachTen provide?
-
- MachTen includes a full TCP suite of protocols, including telnet, smtp and
- ftp. In addition, it includes all the standard UNIX communications, such as
- the Berkeley r-series and both client and server NFS. MachTen also includes
- domain name service (DNS), IP forwarding, and a built-in Web server that
- supports multihoming. MachTen works over LocalTalk, ethernet and TokenTalk,
- and can route between these networks.
-
- For serial line connectivity, tip, cu, UUCP, SLIP and PPP are provided.
- MachTen makes use of the serial port portion of the Macintosh Communications
- Toolbox (CTB) if installed; otherwise, it controls the serial ports
- directly.
-
- Using AppleTalk Remote, it is possible to dial into your AppleTalk
- environment and then use MachTen TCP communications across your AppleTalk
- networks.
-
- B4. How do I configure MachTen for PPP?
-
- We suggest reading:
-
- Using PPP with MachTen
- Crafting An Internet Server With MachTen: A Step-By-Step Guide Part I by LT
- Richard Miller
- Crafting An Internet Server With MachTen: A Step-By-Step Guide - Part II
-
- B5. Why use MachTen's TCP stack instead of MacTCP?
-
- MachTen's TCP stack is from the Berkeley Reno sources and includes all the
- latest protocol improvements, such as Van Jacobsen's performance
- enhancements. This TCP stack is more robust, better performing and more
- fully-featured than MacTCP. MachTen provides interoperability with
- applications that rely on MacTCP, such as MacX and Eudora, by trapping
- MacTCP internals with Tenon's mactcp daemon. This means that MacTCP
- applications will automatically use MachTen's TCP stack when MachTen is
- running.
-
- B6. What are some of the features of Tenon's TCP stack that MacTCP lacks?
-
- * Tenon's TCP stack supports an unlimited number of TCP connections;
- MacTCP is effectively limited to 48 connections.
- * Tenon's TCP stack supports multihoming. This lets you have multiple
- network interfaces for redundancy, and lets you use your Macintosh as
- an IP router.
- * Tenon's TCP employs buffering and window management strategies and
- packet retransmission algorithms that maximize both WAN and LAN
- performance.
- * Tenon's TCP includes management options to support statistics reporting
- and reconfiguration without rebooting.
- * Tenon's TCP allows multiple routing entries and dynamic routing; MacTCP
- supports a single default route.
- * Tenon's TCP supports multiple domain name servers, both local and
- remote, and uses a standard 'hosts' file; MacTCP supports a single
- remote name server and uses a non-standard 'hosts' file.
- * Tenon's TCP supports multicasting. This allows MachTen to be used as a
- CUSeeMe Reflector.
- * Tenon's TCP stack supports IP aliasing, and enables multiple IP
- addresses on a single network interface.
-
- B7. How will I run my MacTCP applications?
-
- If you start a MacTCP application (such as Eudora, Gopher, or Newswatcher)
- while MachTen is running, that application will automatically run using
- Tenon's TCP stack. If you attempt to run that application without MachTen
- running, the application will simply default to using MacTCP.
-
- When you install MachTen, the MacTCP configuration parameters will
- automatically appear in the MachTen Networking Control Panel, so you don't
- have to re-enter your Internet addressing information. It is not necessary
- to deinstall MacTCP, since it will very compatibly coexist with MachTen.
-
- B8. Is MachTen compatible with OpenTransport?
-
- Power MachTen will run on machines with OpenTransport, such as the Power
- Macintosh 9500. Tenon's TCP stack is interfaced to the PPC native
- OpenTransport ethernet driver. OpenTransport and Tenon's TCP stack can run
- simultaneously, as long as they are on different physical interfaces. Since
- both Tenon's TCP stack and OpenTransport support MacTCP applications, you
- can configure your MacTCP apps to use either stack. As soon as the
- performance and feature set of OpenTransport are roughly equivalent to
- Tenon's TCP stack, Tenon will fully adopt OpenTransport.
-
- B9. What Internet services does MachTen provide?
-
- MachTen includes a complete TCP protocol stack (Telnet, FTP, SMTP, TCP, IP)
- and all the standard Internet services, such as domain name service (DNS),
- Post Office Protocol (POP) for a POP mail service, serial line IP (SLIP) and
- point-to-point protocol (PPP). MachTen also includes the NCSA httpd daemon
- with a pre-configured sample 'home' page.
-
- A MachTen Macintosh can easily be set up as a full Internet host, configured
- as an IP forwarder, a domain name server, a POP mail server, and a Web
- server.
-
- Power MachTen includes Apache 1.2.5 with special Macintosh-specific
- enhancements.
-
- B10. Do I need to have MachTen on each client machine?
-
- MachTen is a complete UNIX operating system, and, as such, includes both
- client and server components for each Internet service. Therefore, you could
- use MachTen on every Macintosh. Alternatively, for the client machines, you
- could simply use MacTCP with your favorite Macintosh client software, such
- as Eudora, Fetch or NCSA Telnet. MachTen can provide Internet services for
- any Mac or PC that supports TCP.
-
- B11. How does MachTen's Web server compare to using WebStar?
-
- MachTen includes the NCSA httpd daemon with multihomed extensions. Using
- MachTen as a Web server lets you set up multiple Web home pages, each with a
- unique URL of the type: http://www.companyname.com. WebStar (formerly
- MacHTTP) cannot support this style of multihomed Web pages.
-
- In addition, Tenon's Web server is running in a pre-emptive, multitasking
- environment, which may be more suited than MacOS to supporting multiple,
- simultaneous World Wide Web accesses. Furthermore, if you run your Web
- service using Professional MachTen, the httpd daemon is running in protected
- memory space.
-
- On the other hand, WebStar has some advantages, namely the ability to plug
- directly into a Macintosh supported database (such as the Butler database),
- and the ability to use Apple cgi scripts. For this reason, many customers
- are using WebStar and MachTen in combination.
-
- B12. If I create a Web server using MachTen, what tools are available for
- creating Web pages?
-
- Since MachTen is UNIX, any of the standard HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
- tools that are available under UNIX can be used. MachTen includes BBEdit
- 3.5, which has an HTML editor. In addition, you can use any Macintosh-based
- Web authoring tool, such as the new PageMill created by Ceneca and now
- available from Adobe.
-
- B13. What tools are available for browsing a MachTen Web server?
-
- You can use any browser (Mac, PC or UNIX based) from any machine to view a
- MachTen Web server. For server development, of course, you should have a
- local Macintosh browser, such as NCSA Mosaic (for MacOS or X), Netscape,
- etc. Mosaic for X has been ported to MachTen and can run on any Macintosh
- with MachTen X Window Software. Running any browser on a MachTen Macintosh
- will let you display in loopback mode any Web pages that you are developing.
- At the same time, you could also be 'surfing' the Internet and checking out
- potential Web links for the pages your are creating.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- C. Software Development:
-
- C1. What software development tools are available with MachTen?
- C2. What porting issues will I encounter when recompiling programs under
- MachTen?
- C3. What version of MachTen is recommended for software development?
- C4. Will other Macs be able to run my applications without running
- CodeBuilder?
- C5. How much source code and documentation does CodeBuilder include?
- C6. Does MachTen support hard links?
-
- C1. What software development tools are available with MachTen?
-
- Professional MachTen includes C, C++, a source debugger, Mach C threads, and
- all the standard UNIX tools.
-
- Power MachTen includes C, C++, g77 (gnu fortran 77), and a source debugger.
-
- In addition, the following tools are included in all versions of MachTen:
-
- * Tools for Managing Software Development
- RCS (Revision Control System)
-
- * Tools for Supporting Software Development
- indent (formats C code)
- lex (generates lexical analysis programs)
- yacc ("yet another compiler compiler")
-
- * Tools for Building Libraries and Programs
- gas (gnu assembler)
- cc (gnu compiler director: forks the appropriate tools for compiling
- and loading the objects specified)
- ld (combines several object files into one)
- make (executes a scripted set of commands)
- ranlib (converts archives to a form that ld can load more rapidly)
- cpp (gnu preprocessor)
- nm (lists symbols in object files)
-
- * Libraries
- libm.a, librpc.a, libcurses.a, plus the various program language
- libraries
-
- * Tools for Building X Window Programs
- imake (X platform independent make)
- Core protocol X library
- X Intrinsics toolkit library
- Athena widget set
- X security authorization library
- X extensions library
- Alternative input device exension library
- Motif widget library
- X Display Manager Control Protocol Library
-
- C2. What porting issues will I encounter when recompiling programs under
- MachTen?
-
- In general, since MachTen is a pure BSD UNIX, porting applications is
- relatively straightforward. However, in real-memory MachTen systems, such as
- Power MachTen, some porting issues can arise. Without protected memory, a
- bad pointer can bring down your entire machine. Additionally, it may become
- necessary, during the execution of a process, to grow the size of a segment
- to accomodate a larger stack. This is not a problem on a virtual memory
- system such as Professional MachTen. However, with Power MachTen (before VM
- is supported), you may need to make certain accommodations. See section
- 10.13 in the Power MachTen User's Guide for more inforomation.
-
- C3. What version of MachTen is recommended for software development?
-
- Because Professional MachTen supports virtual memory and protected memory,
- it is the recommended version for software development. Power MachTen, on
- the other hand, has some unique software development capabilities. Since
- Power MachTen's compilers generate the same binary PEF formats as
- Metrowerks, Symantec, and MPW, Power MachTen can develop pure Macintosh
- applications, or even combine Macintosh and UNIX software development tools
- to generate hybrid applications. Furthermore, Power MachTen is the only
- version that includes a Fortran compiler.
-
- C4. Will other Macs be able to run my applications without running
- CodeBuilder?
-
- Of course. Distribution format is completely up to the developer.
- CodeBuilder can create either Mac standalone or UNIX-based applications and
- includes examples of both types.
-
- C5. How much source code and documentation does CodeBuilder include?
-
- About 400 MB of source code and 40 MB on online docs.
-
- C6. Does MachTen support hard links?
-
- In UNIX, linking allows several file names to be associated with the same
- physical file. Power MachTen properly supports UNIX soft links and hard
- links via link(2). Professional MachTen only supports soft links.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- D. The X Window System:
-
- D1. Can you explain the basic elements of X Windows software?
- D2. What is unique about Tenon's X?
- D3. Why is Tenon's X server so much faster than eXodus or MacX?
- D4. Does Tenon's X support 24-bit color?
- D5. What 3-button mice work under MachTen?
- D6. Can I buy X separately?
-
- D1. Can you explain the basic elements of X Windows software?
-
- The X Window System is a protocol for performing windowing functions across
- a network. "Windowing functions" means drawing lines, arcs and other
- graphics primitives on any type of console or display. As a protocol, it is
- implemented in a set of libraries freely available from the Massachusetts
- Institute of Technology (MIT).
-
- If an application supports the X Window protocol, the graphical output of
- that application can be displayed on any X terminal. The application is
- called an "X client" and the X terminal is considered an "X server".
-
- D2. What is unique about Tenon's X?
-
- Because MachTen is a complete UNIX system, MachTen supports local X clients.
- The MachTen X Window Software includes a local Motif Window Manager (mwm)
- and an Open Look Virtual Window Manager (olvwm). The sources to many X
- client applications are included as example programs, along with a complete
- X client development environment and a Motif toolkit.
-
- D3. Why is Tenon's X so much faster than eXodus or MacX?
-
- Tenon's X architecture is very different than the other X servers that are
- traditional Macintosh applications. Tenon sends the output of the X commands
- directly to the Macintosh hardware screen buffers instead of using
- QuickDraw. This has profound performance implications. In addition, Tenon's
- X uses the UNIX TCP sockets for communications instead of MacTCP; this
- further improves performance.
-
- Tenon's X is said to be the fastest on the Mac market. X11perf benchmarks on
- a 25MHz 68040 Centris yield an XMark of 1.1 -- better than a SPARCStation 1!
- On a 40MHz Quadra 840av, the X performance rivals a SPARCStation 2. XMark
- ratings are not yet available for the native X performance on a Power Mac,
- but Tenon's architectural advantage carries over to that platform as well.
-
- D4. Does Tenon's X support 24-bit color?
-
- Yes. X11R6 with 24-bit color is available with Professional MachTen 2.3 and
- also for Power MachTen via the Ported Application CD, Volume 2.
-
- D5. What 3-button mice work under MachTen?
-
- In general, Tenon's X Window Software can be configured to run with any
- three-button mouse. We have the most experience with the Logitech MouseMan.
- Customers have also reported that the Kensington 4-button mouse works well.
-
- D6. Can I buy X separately?
-
- Yes, if all you need is to have your remote X client applications display on
- your Power Mac desktop, simply buy XTen.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- E. File Handling/Management:
-
- E1. Can MachTen access the MacOS file system?
- E2. Does MachTen have a native file system?
- E3. Does CodeBuilder have a native file system?
-
- E1. Can MachTen access the MacOS file system?
-
- Tenon maps the UNIX file system to the MacOS file system. So, with MachTen
- and MacOS, there is a single consistent file system. This means that
- everything is accessible to both MachTen and MacOS. You can 'see' the UNIX
- directories and files on the Finder desktop and you can 'see' the Macintosh
- folders and files from a UNIX terminal window using 'cd' and 'ls'.
-
- E2. Does MachTen have a native file system?
-
- MachTen uses the Macintosh file system (HFS) and adds a Network File System
- (NFS). MachTen 4.1 will ship with a native UNIX fast file system.
-
- E3. Does CodeBuilder have a native file system?
-
- CodeBuilder includes two support file trees: one is a Macintosh file system
- (HFS) and the other is a native fast file system (FFS). The developer can
- use either one, the tradeoff is performance vs. Mac Finder integration.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- F. Peripherals and Devices:
-
- F1. What third party devices are compatible with MachTen?
- F2. Can I use third party accelerators with MachTen?
- F3. Can I use PowerPC upgrade cards with MachTen?
- F4. What CD-ROM drives and formats are compatible with MachTen?
-
- F1. What third party devices are compatible with MachTen?
-
- Because MachTen sits on top of MacOS and makes use of the MacOS device
- drivers, all third-party devices, in general, will work with MachTen.
- Ocassionally there are exceptions. For example, tape device drivers are
- generally bundled with the application and are not part of MacOS. Thus, tape
- required special attention on Tenon 's part. MachTen supports 4mm DAT tape
- drives and 8mm Exabyte tape drives. Tape support is not yet part of the
- standard product and must be requested from Tenon Technical support.
-
- F2. Can I use third party accelerators with MachTen?
-
- CPU accelerators tend to make use of Apple's memory management hardware.
- Therefore, in general, you can usually use accelerator boards as long as you
- are not using MachTen VM. DayStar boards are generally not compatible with
- MachTen.
-
- F3. Can I use PowerPC upgrade cards with MachTen?
-
- Power MachTen (Tenon's PPC native implementation of MachTen) runs with all
- PowerPC upgrade cards.
-
- F4. What CD-ROM drives and formats are compatible with MachTen?
-
- MachTen uses either Mac HFS or Foreign File Access for non-HFS formats, such
- as ISO 9660 and RockRidge, so MachTen can read any CD-ROM that the MacOS can
- read.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- G. Technical MachTen:
-
- G1. Patches
-
- G1.a. Do I need a patch?
- G1.b. What is the difference between the CU1 on the Ported Apps CD and the
- CU1 on the FTP site?
-
- G2. Mail
-
- G2.a. Do both versions of your product (Power MachTen and Professional
- MachTen) support POP mail service?
- G2.b. Why are Eudora users having so many problems retrieving their mail?
- G2.c. How do I start popper?
- G2.d. How do I start pop3d?
- G2.e. Why do some users get a "Mail drop locked" message from Eudora?
- G2.f. Is sendmail configured out of the box to send and receive mail over
- the Internet or do I have to configure it?
- G2.g. How do I configure sendmail to restrict the size of both incoming and
- outgoing mail to some arbitrary size?
- G2.h. How can I have a mail address name that is longer than eight
- characters?
- G2.i. Can I run popper and sendmail under MachTen and run the Apple Internet
- Mail Server under MacOS while MachTen is just doing the routing?
-
- G3. Programming
-
- G3.a. Where are the 48-bit random number generating functions (srand48,
- drand48, etc.)?
- G3.b. Why doesn't gprof tell me anything useful about gcc generated code?
- G3.c. Why can't I get STL containers to work with g++ 2.7.2?
- G3.d. How do I use gcc math functions?
- G3.e. Where are the xdr libraries?
- G3.f. I live outside the US and I need crypt.h to compile a program. Where
- is it?
- G3.g. When I run perl 5.003 under Power MachTen, it seems that I'm missing
- some essential libraries. What's the fix?
- G3.h. How do I update GNAT on CodeBuilder from 3.07 to 3.09?
- G3.i. Can a stand alone Mac application use the Tenon libraries for a hybrid
- application that makes MacOS API calls and Mach calls without the
- CodeBuilder environment running?
- G3.j. Will apps written for or ported to MachTen/CodeBuilder run under
- Rhapsody?
-
- G4. Software and Hardware Compatibility
-
- G4.a. I ran Norton Utilities on my Mac with MachTen and now MachTen doesn't
- run correctly. What happened? How can I fix it?
- G4.b. Is there a port of Netscape Navigator for MachTen?
- G4.c. Is Power MachTen, like Professional MachTen, incompatible with
- SilverLining?
- G4.d. Why does my system crash when I use RAM Doubler 1.5.2 (or earlier) and
- MachTen at the same time?
- G4.e. If I use Power MachTen with RAM Doubler 1.6.2 (or later), the systems
- hangs on shutdown after everything has successfully quit. How can I fix
- this?
- G4.f. Any recommendations for a 3-button mouse to use with X?
- G4.g. Any suggestions for an accelerator that will work with Professional
- MachTen?
- G4.h. Why does zsh crash my system?
- G4.i. Is MachTen compatable with Microsoft Internet Explorer?
-
- G5. Networking
-
- G5.a. Can I create my own mirror of the Tenon FTP site?
- G5.b. How can I tell who logged in via anonymous FTP and which files they
- accessed?
- G5.c. If I update some of my domain name database files, what must I type in
- order to load these new database files into the MachTen DNS server without
- restarting the system?
- G5.d. Is multihoming possible under Power MachTen if I disable
- OpenTransport's TCP/IP components and run with MachTen's TCP/IP stack?
- G5.e. Is it necessary to use MacTCP rather than OpenTransport in order to
- listen on multiple IP addresses for multihoming? Is MacTCP the better choice
- for MachTen versus OT 1.1.1?
- G5.f. Are there any secrets to making MachTen work through ARA without
- interfering with existing network conditions?
- G5.g. Can I run MacOS applications like NCSA Telnet and Netscape Navigator
- while running MachTen?
- G5.h. Why do I get a message like "can't run ld on NFS filesystem" when I
- try to run executables on NFS disks? How can I fix this?
- G5.i. What must I do to automatically start my installed version of Apache
- when MachTen is run?
- G5.j. How can I access Apache under MachTen from Netscape on the same
- machine?
- G5.k. Where can I get Netscape's Enterprise Server for MachTen?
- G5.l. Why can't I use MacPPP or FreePPP to set up my serial IP connection
- when MachTen is running?
- G5.m. What /dev/ttyxx setting should I use for an internal modem?
- G5.n. What is a netmask and how do I use one?
- G5.o. How can I make Power MachTen fully Open Transport compliant?
- G5.p. How can I make Power MachTen work with FreePPP or OT/PPP?
-
- G6. System Stability and Robustness
-
- G6.a. What tips in general do you have to keep MachTen stable?
- G6.b. Why does MachTen give the error message 'vmunix: file: table is full'
- when I try to run a program?
- G6.c. Why does MachTen give the error message 'proc: table is full' when I
- try to run a program?
- G6.d. Why does MachTen give the error message '/vmunix: no namelist' when I
- try to run a program?
- G6.e. When I run several apps in MachTen at the same time and try to launch
- another application, I get "Fragment Load Err: - 2810 - Not Enough Memory in
- User's Address Space ...". I have plenty of memory left; what's the problem?
- G6.f. When I am running MachTen, the performance is poor on any program that
- accesses the disk. Moving the Scheduling Priority slider bar in the MachTen
- control panel toward UNIX priority doesn't help. How can I speed up MachTen?
- G6.g. My Power Mac has lots of memory and runs quite fast, but that is not
- reflected in MachTen's performance. I have the UNIX <-> Mac slider on the
- third tick mark from the Mac end and MachTen has a big chunk of memory. UNIX
- on the PPC 601 at 100MHz should blaze. What's up?
- G6.h. I want MachTen to run faster, so I'm going to give it 10 MBs of RAM.
- Will this speed it up?
- G6.i. Why are the load averages so high? On another workstation running a
- lot more applications, I'm used to load averages around 0.4--0.6. If
- MachTen's X is running, the load average rarely falls below 2. Is there some
- way to improve performance?
- G6.j. I installed MacOS 7.5.5 or 7.6 and MachTen 2.3 (or 2.2) won't start up
- anymore. How can I fix this?
- G6.k. MachTen fails to startup with the error "Can't find root vnode". How
- can I fix this?
-
- G7. Other System Issues
-
- G7.a. When I telnet to a (non-MachTen) UNIX system, pressing the delete key
- just gives a '^?' character; I have to press ctrl-H to backspace. How I can
- make the delete key work correctly?
- G7.b. I have a Stylewriter printer. Do you have a script that I can put into
- the /etc/printcap file so I can print?
- G7.c. When will virtual memory and protected memory use be implemented on
- Power MachTen?
- G7.d. Why can't I compile my C code that uses memory mapping system calls?
- G7.e. I seem able to only start Macintosh applications from within Power
- MachTen by becoming root, even though the documentation (and file
- protections) indicate that any user should be able to do this. Why?
- G7.f. How can I check the status of Mac applications launched from Power
- MachTen?
- G7.g. I have ftp'd some files using the Macintosh program Fetch. I had the
- files downloaded as binary files. Is there any way to convert them to the
- MachTen format so I can use them?
- G7.h. Why do active network applications stop when I launch MachTen?
- G7.i. I used adduser to create a user in the 'wheel' group, but when the
- user tries to su I get "su: you are not in the correct group to su root".
- Any suggestions?
- G7.j. How can I access Macintosh disks other than the one that MachTen
- resides on?
- G7.k. Why do I get "Diskname on /Diskname: Device busy, some process using
- this filesystem" when I try to mount a hard disk?
- G7.l. How do I start up my Macintosh with Power MachTen as the Finder?
- G7.m. How do I convert the old password files from Professional MachTen to
- Power MachTen?
- G7.n. I tried to change my root password, but the passwd program did not
- prompt me for my current passwd before creating a new one. /etc/passwd still
- lists the root passwd as *. Why?
- G7.o. Where is rfork in Power MachTen?
- G7.p. How can I safely mount a device to the /volume directory in Power
- MachTen?
- G7.q. How do I change the login banner of MachTen/CodeBuilder?
- G7.r. I lost my root password, how can I recover it?
- G7.s. How do I create an A/UX partition for a fast file system?
- G7.t. Adduser does strange things to my Power MachTen 4.1 installation, how
- can I fix it?
-
- G8. Ported Applications
-
- G8.a. Where is the "ported_apps" folder on the Power MachTen distribution
- disk?
- G8.b. Can you help me port an application or set up a ported application?
- G8.c. I am trying to port some apps to MachTen. Which vendor's UNIX is
- closest to MachTen?
- G8.d. Why does Tenon have two CD's of ported apps?
- G8.e. Why does Tenon suggest purchasing Ported Apps Volume 2 for use with
- CodeBuilder?
-
- G9. Miscellaneous
-
- G9.a. How can I view an "info" file?
-
- G10. X-Windows
-
- G10.a. Is it possible to cut and paste from X Windows to the Mac desktop?
- G10.b. How can I change the keyboard mapping under X?
- G10.c. Where is libXshr?
- G10.d. Why can't Mosaic find any URL's?
- G10.e. Why do I get a "connection reset by peer" error message when I open a
- local xterm window and try to rlogin to another system?
- G10.f. Whenever X is running, the entire system is unstable, whether I'm
- using MacTCP clients or X exclusively. Is there a configuration that will
- make things more stable?
- G10.g. The Tenon Web pages say that XTen is X11R6, but my Power MachTen came
- with X11R5. Did I get an old MachTen distribution?
- G10.h. I tried to launch XWindows with a ctrl-T, but I got the following
- error: 'fatal IO error 32 (Broken pipe) on X server ":0.0"' What happened?
- How do I fix it?
- G10.i. The background for the X Window is 'opaque', i.e. I can't see my
- underlying Mac windows. How do I do this on the Tenon X Server?
- G10.j. Why does creating a new window from the File menu kill the X session?
- G10.k. System memory likes to bloat up to 20 or so MBs whenever I have more
- than a few things running under X. Is this normal?
- G10.l. Is there a way to scale the display in X?
- G10.m. X won't start on my system. It just goes to a white screen then drops
- me back into the finder (or hangs the system) How do I fix this?
-
- G1. Patches and updates
-
- G1.a. Do I need a patch?
-
- G1.a. If you are having problems with MachTen, the first question to ask
- yourself is "Do I need a patch?" Check to see if your problem matches or is
- similar to any of those below. If so, install the patch. If the problem
- persists and this FAQ doesn't answer it, please contact us.
-
- MachTen 4.0.3:
-
- * The system freezes or gives "MacTCP error" when using almost any
- networking software under MachTen or while MachTen is running.
- * Other systems can ping your MachTen machine but can't connect to it.
- * MachTen was killed during startup with line "at0:IP encapsulated in
- appletalk:net:0 node:1" or with "Network is unreachable".
- * Issuing rlogin, telnet and other remote commands gives "Unable to
- connect to remote host: Connection reset by peer".
- * Quitting Netscape 2.01 gives continual "Please wait for network
- operations to complete".
- * Internet Explorer 2.0 says it needs MacTCP version 2.0 when starting
- under MachTen.
- * PCI PowerMac freezes after exiting X and running ShutDown.
- * PCI PowerMac gives "Type one error" message when you click at the upper
- edge of an X window.
-
- MachTen 4.0.2:
-
- * xconsole displayed following error message: " xterm:Error 29, errno 95:
- No bufferspace available".
- * Fragment Load Err: - 2807 - Loaded Fragment has Unacceptable Unresolved
- Symbols ... mgmainnet init: can't exec getty '/usr/libexec/getty' for
- port /dev/console: Input/output error.
- * telnet or rlogin to any host causes Macintosh to freeze.
- * Netscape Atlas won't run.
- * Error Type 1 when using the X Windows environment in full screen mode
- (..X -fs) and clicking on the upper edge to go see the menu.
- * sendmail problems, especially when trying to serve additional domains
- and sending attachments with the e-mail.
- * Macintosh hangs after launching pppclient.
- * pppclient script negotiates with the server to use the IP address that
- is set up for MachTen's ethernet interface, instead of using the
- pre-determined address for the PPP client.
-
- MachTen 2.2:
-
- * An error occurs when MachTen is looking for MultiFinder in System 7.5.3
- and 7.5.5.
- * "Unimplemented Trap" after the line displaying hardware and net address
- in MachTen startup under System 7.5.2 or 7.5.3.
- * "Mouse cursor droppings" while running X 3.1 under MacOS 7.5.3 on a
- PowerBook 190 or under emulation on a PowerMac.
- * xdm starts X server but gives no login prompt.
-
- XTen 6.0:
-
- * Netscape 2.0 and 3.0B2 hang the system if run while XTen is running
- (the latter hangs if I try to shut it down after running it from the
- Mac desktop -- MacTCP is trying forever to complete network services).
-
- G1.b. What is the difference between the CU1 on the Ported Apps CD and the
- CU1 on the FTP site?
-
- The CU1 on the FTP site is newer and has the following additional features:
-
- * minor processor (604) dependent bug fixed
- * 1400/2300/5300 powerbook bug fixed
- * gdb on non-root volume bug fixed
-
- G2. Mail
-
- G2.a. Do both versions of your product (Power MachTen and Professional
- MachTen ) support POP mail service?
-
- Yes. We've recently found that popper (the public domain pop server that
- ships with Power MachTen) has some inherent bugs in it, so we've ported a
- different POP server, pop3d, that seems to work well. You can find pop3d on
- the Ported Applications CD and on our FTP site.
-
- G2.b. Why are Eudora users having so many problems retrieving their mail?
-
- Some POP (e.g. popper) servers have a hard time with the following:
-
- * spaces or dots in passwords,
- * user id's of less than 10, or
- * user names with capital characters
-
- The POP daemon is case sensitive, and it only wants lowercase. If your users
- want to use POP clients, they will need to specify their user names all in
- lowercase in the Eudora settings. Make sure that the UID of the person
- trying to pop the mail is greater than 10. The UID requirement is hard coded
- into the POP daemon. pop3d solves all these problems.
-
- G2.c. How do I start popper?
-
- Popper is enabled if the "enable incoming connections" box is checked. It
- may not show up in the process list, however, since it is called on the fly
- when an incoming connection comes in.
-
- G2.d. How do I start pop3d?
-
- Almost the same way as popper. Install pop3d. Then edit /etc/inetd.conf on
- the line that begins with 'pop' -- change '/usr/libexec/popper' to
- '/usr/libexec/pop3d' and change 'popper' to 'pop3d'. You must restart inetd
- for the change to take effect. The simplest way to do this is to restart
- MachTen.
-
- G2.e. Why do some users get a "Mail drop locked" message from Eudora?
-
- Delete the .pop.xxxx files in your mail server's spool directory. These
- files occasionally remain locked when a POP connection is broken, so
- deleting them should clear up the problem.
-
- G2.f. Is sendmail configured out of the box to send and receive mail over
- the Internet or do I have to configure it?
-
- The MachTen control panel has an "enable incoming mail" box. If the
- hostname, IP addresses, and domain name are all correct, sendmail should
- work out of the box.
-
- G2.g. How do I configure sendmail to restrict the size of both incoming and
- outgoing mail to some arbitrary size?
-
- We are not aware of any sendmail configuration option that will do this.
-
- G2.h. How can I have a mail address name that is longer than eight
- characters?
-
- Assign an alias in the /etc/aliases file like this: webmaster: webmstr
- All mail addressed to webmaster will then go to webmstr. You'll need to
- restart MachTen for the change to take effect.
-
- G2.i. Can I run popper and sendmail under MachTen and run the Apple Internet
- Mail Server under MacOS while MachTen is just doing the routing?
-
- That should be fine. Disable incoming connections and receipt of mail for
- MachTen.
-
- G3. Programming
-
- G3.a. Where are the 48-bit random number generating functions (srand48,
- drand48, etc.)?
-
- These functions are part of UNIX System V. Since MachTen is BSD, these
- functions are not included.
-
- G3.b. Why doesn't gprof tell me anything useful about gcc generated code?
-
- Gprof does not work for any version of gcc right now. We are working to
- resolve this.
-
- G3.c. Why can't I get STL containers to work with g++ 2.7.2?
-
- G++'s template support isn't quite up to the task yet. FSF thinks g++ 2.8.0
- will be able to fully utilize the STL.
-
- G3.d. How do I use gcc math functions?
-
- The math functions aren't in the libraries that are included by default when
- you compile. Try
-
- % cc test.c -lm
-
- to include the math libraries.
-
- G3.e. Where are the xdr libraries in MachTen?
-
- They are included in CU1 for Power MachTen, which is on the PowerPC Ported
- Apps CD and on our FTP site.
-
- G3.f. I live outside the US and I need crypt.h to compile a program. Where
- is it?
-
- Due to munitions export regulations, it was not possible to include this
- with MachTen for foreign distribution. You should have no problem finding
- crypt.h on a non-US FTP site.
-
- G3.g. When I run perl 5.003 under Power MachTen it seems that I'm missing
- some essential libraries. What's the fix?
-
- Perl 5.003 source, binaries, and the necessary libraries are included on the
- PowerPC Ported Apps CD and on our FTP site.
-
- G3.h. How do I update GNAT on CodeBuilder from 3.07 to 3.09?
-
- Download the file
- ftp://cs.nyu.edu/pub/gnat/powermac/gnat3.09-Codebuilder_ppc.tar.gz. Move it
- to your CodeBuilder_HFS directory. Start up CodeBuilder and log in as root.
- Change to the /hfs directory and run
-
- dfork -i gnat3.09-Codebuilder_ppc.tar.gz
- tar -zxvf /hfs/gnat3.09-Codebuilder-ppc.tar.gz
-
- Now you may have to rebuild your Ada libraries, to do so:
- cd /usr/macppc/lib/ada/MacOS
- gcc -c -gnatp /usr/include/ada/MacOS/*.ad[sb]
-
- This should only take a few minutes inside the FFS.
-
- G3.i. Can a stand alone Mac application use the Tenon libraries for a hybrid
- application that makes MacOS API calls and Mach calls without the
- CodeBuilder environment running?
-
- No, the calls could be made, but they rely on the interprocess communication
- to talk to the Mach microkernel. Without this microkernel process, they
- won't work. Technically, some calls might, but most of them will really need
- to have CodeBuilder (or MachTen) running.
-
- G3.j. Will apps written for or ported to MachTen/CodeBuilder run under
- Rhapsody?
-
- MachTen supports the same APIs as Rhapsody's core OS, so anything that runs
- on MachTen will be able to run on Rhapsody.
-
- G4. Software and Hardware Compatibility
-
- G4.a. I ran Norton Utilities on my Mac with MachTen and now MachTen doesn't
- run correctly. What happened? How can I fix it?
-
- Norton Utilities changes any file name starting with a period to instead
- start with a dash. Also, Norton unmangles the names of some files (mangling
- is needed to tell the MacOS that, for example, 'INSTALL' and 'install' are
- different files). This, of course, throws off MachTen. We recommend using
- MacTools Pro from Central Point instead. To fix the Norton damage, the
- options are pretty limited. Either rename all the files that Norton changed
- back to their original names, or reinstall MachTen.
-
- G4.b. Is there a port of Netscape Navigator for MachTen?
-
- There is no Navigator for MachTen because Navigator is a commercial program
- and the source is not available to us. We do offer Mosaic, which has a
- publicly-available source.
-
- G4.c. Is Power MachTen, like Professional MachTen, incompatible with
- SilverLining?
-
- Power MachTen is compatible with SilverLining. Since Power MachTen does not
- implement UNIX virtual memory, the Professional MachTen problem with
- SilverLining doesn't apply; however, this may become a problem again when we
- implement UNIX virtual memory.
-
- G4.d. Why does my system crash when I use RAM Doubler 1.5.2 (or earlier) and
- MachTen at the same time?
-
- RAM Doubler version 1.5.2 (or earlier) is not compatible with MachTen.
-
- G4.e. If I use Power MachTen with RAM Doubler 1.6.2 (or later), the systems
- hangs on shutdown after everything has successfully quit. How can I fix
- this?
-
- Install CU1. This will fix all known incompatibilities. We recommend using
- these versions with MachTen 4.0.3 and CU1.
-
- G4.f. Any recommendations for a 3-button mouse to use with X?
-
- We use the Logitech MouseMan. Almost any mouse should work, but some
- no-names have had some trouble.
-
- G4.g. Any suggestions for an accelerator that will work with Professional
- MachTen?
-
- Almost any accelerator will operate correctly as long as it encompasses a
- full upgrade (i.e., it doesn't leave out crucial operations, such as the
- presence of an MMU). Some DayStar boards do not function correctly because
- they do not support a working MMU system. There is no real list, as there
- are so many cards out on the market and keeping track would be almost
- impossible.
-
- G4.h. Why does zsh crash my system?
-
- It was ported by a Japanese customer, so we presume the crashing is related
- to the differences in Japanese and American systems. Tenon Technical Support
- may do a port someday, but there are quite a few higher priority items.
-
- G4.i. Is MachTen compatable with Microsoft Internet Explorer?
-
- Internet Explorer is an Open Transport-only application. If you are running
- Tenon's TCP stack then Explorer will not run. If you demand this
- functionality and are running Power MachTen 4.0.3 CU1 or later, then you can
- run MachTen using Open Transport.
-
- G5. Networking
-
- G5.a. Can I create my own mirror of the Tenon FTP site?
-
- Sure, but we'd like you to be authorized. Once you are authorized, we can
- add you to the list of sites waiting to be on the mirror program. Contact
- Jaime Julca to get started on a mirror site.
-
- G5.b. How can I tell who logged in via anonymous FTP and which files they
- accessed?
-
- Almost all of that information is in /var/log/ftplog. You can't be certain
- of who logged in by anonymous ftp, but you can at least get the site that
- they came from, and the e-mail address that they gave as a password (plus
- all the files they got).
-
- G5.c. If I update some of my domain name database files, what must I type in
- order to load these new database files into the MachTen DNS server without
- restarting the system?
-
- Most programs will usually restart when killed with a SIGHUP. To load the
- new database files, run 'ps -aux' to get the pid (process ID) of 'named.
- Then run 'kill -HUP pid' where 'pid' is the ID of 'named'. Also remember to
- update your serial number in your DNS files, so as to allow for propagation
- to other DNS servers.
-
- G5.d. Is multihoming possible under Power MachTen if I disable
- OpenTransport's TCP/IP components and run with MachTen's TCP/IP stack?
-
- Yes, you can multihome if you disable OpenTransport and run with our TCP/IP
- stack, .
-
- G5.e. Is it necessary to use MacTCP rather than OpenTransport in order to
- listen on multiple IP addresses for multihoming? Is MacTCP the better choice
- for MachTen versus OT 1.1.1?
-
- MachTen has its own TCP stack which allows multihoming. Neither MacTCP nor
- OpenTransport have support for multihoming. In either case, MachTen's stack
- should be used. MachTen's stack prefers to have MacTCP be the original
- stack, so this is the preferred base.
-
- G5.f. Are there any secrets in making MachTen work through ARA without
- interfering with existing network conditions?
-
- Remove the 'MacTCPdLib' from the MachTen Libraries folder. This will remove
- MachTen's interaction with the Macintosh TCP/IP Stack. You *can* use both
- OpenTransport and MachTenTCP if you have two IP addresses. If you move your
- MacTCPdlib out of your Tenon Kernel Libraries (in the extensions folder),
- the Mac applications will use OpenTransport. To do this, configure
- OpenTransport on one IP address and MachTen on another.
-
- G5.g. Can I run MacOS applications like NCSA Telnet and Netscape Navigator
- while running MachTen?
-
- Yes. As long as MachTen is the first TCP/IP application you run, you can run
- any other TCP/IP application. MachTen must be the first one loaded because
- it establishes its own networking environment, including its own TCP stack.
- Other TCP/IP applications then run using MachTen's TCP stack.
-
- G5.h. Why do I get a message like "can't run ld on NFS filesystem" when I
- try to run executables on NFS disks? How can I fix this?
-
- Because of the way MachTen runs them, you can't execute or link binaries
- over NFS or any other file-sharing system that isn't AppleShare. This is
- because we take advantage of the Code Fragment Manager in System 7. The
- upside is that our executables occupy less RAM when running and can
- dynamically allocate the RAM that they use. The downside is that you can't
- link or execute binaries over non-AppleTalk networks. As a workaround, the
- following script should help you.
-
- #!/bin/sh
- #
- # Currently, MachTen running on PowerMacs can only execute programs
- # located on Mac volumes (type ufs). If this is the case, just go do
- # it. Otherwise, make a temporary copy of the program (presumably
- # from NFS) in /tmp, run it from there, and clean up afterwards.
-
- statfs $1 | grep -q ' ufs '
- if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
- exec "$@"
- fi
-
- FN=$1 ; shift
- TN=/tmp/$$-`basename $FN`
- cp -p $FN $TN && $TN "$@"
- val=$?
- rm -f $TN
- exit $val
-
- G5.i. What must I do to automatically start my installed version of Apache
- when MachTen is run?
-
- You'll need to edit two files -- one is the /etc/rc file. Change the line
- that says '/usr/libexec/httpd' to '/usr/local/etc/httpd'. Then, change the
- /etc/rc.conf file so that START_httpd = "yes". That should do it.
-
- G5.j. How can I access Apache under MachTen from Netscape on the same
- machine?
-
- First start Apache using the <httpd> command. Then you can access it with
- Netscape at the following URL <http://localhost> or <http://127.0.0.1>
-
- G5.k. Where can I get Netscape's Enterprise Server for MachTen?
-
- There is no version of Netscape's Enterprise Server available for MachTen.
- They only target some UNIX systems. We do have the Apache server available
- on our ftp site, but the Enterprise server has some more features.
-
- G5.l. Why can't I use MacPPP or FreePPP to set up my serial IP connection
- when MachTen is running?
-
- The IP layer within the MachTen BSD protocol stack does not provide an
- interface to MacPPP or FreePPP, forcing the use of MachTen's PPP. The
- OpenTransport interface to MachTen available with CU1 for Power MachTen
- allows the use of MacPPP, MacSLIP and other transport protocols while
- MachTen is running.
-
- G5.m. What /dev/ttyxx setting should I use for an internal modem?
-
- You will have to use the Communications Toolbox.
-
- G5.n. What is a netmask and how do I use one?
-
- Note: for this answer "address" refers to just the last number in an IP
- address (e.g. 236.192.43.79 is just 79).
-
- Think of the addresses that have been given to you as binary numbers.
- 161 would be represented as:
- 10100001 ( 128 + 32 + 1 = 161 )
- And 175 would be represented as:
- 10101111 ( 128 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 175 )
- Your netmask, 240, would be represented as:
- 11110000 ( 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 = 240 )
-
- A netmask is like a face mask, with holes in it. The 1's are the holes, and
- the 0's are the rest of the mask. So if you see the addresses as faces, and
- the netmask as the mask, you can actually only see the first 4 bits - 1010.
- Kind of like this:
-
- "Face" (Address) 10100001
- "Mask" (Netmask) 11110000
- "You" (Router) 1010----
-
- The router "looks" through the netmask at each bit of data on the network,
- and if it's going to a destination that doesn't start with 1010, then it
- knows it has to route that bit of data somewhere else. That's how routers
- work. So your ISP has said that all of the machines on your network must
- have addresses beginning with 1010. If you look at those numbers in binary,
- that comes out as 10100000 to 10101111 (160-175).
-
- Now, suppose you're trying to split this network, which has a total netmask
- of 240 (11110000) into two networks. You can see that the largest either of
- these subnets can be is 8 machines, because you'll need to have a larger
- netmask for the router to work correctly. The next netmask you could pick
- would be 248 (11111000), which only allows 8 machines to "look the same" to
- the router:
- 10100000 (160) 10100100 (164)
- 10100001 (161) 10100101 (165)
- 10100010 (162) 10100110 (166)
- 10100011 (163) 10100111 (167)
- - or -
- 10101000 (168) 10101100 (172)
- 10101001 (169) 10101101 (173)
- 10101010 (170) 10101110 (174)
- 10101011 (171) 10101111 (175)
-
- So, if you're going to split your network up, you can't have more than 8
- machines on each subnetwork - otherwise routing won't work. The only other
- solution would be to call your Internet Service Provider and request more IP
- numbers, say 160-191. That would give you a netmask of 224, and you could
- use 240 as a subnet mask, giving you up to 16 machines on each subnet.
-
- G5.o. How can I make Power MachTen fully Open Transport compliant?
-
- First you must be at version 4.0.3 CU1. Make sure that Open Transport is on
- using Apple's Network Software Selector which is included with the system
- software. Now, using the Finder, open the folder /System
- Folder/Extensions/Tenon Kernel Libraries. Inside this folder resides two
- files, SocketLib and MacTCPdLib--move these to the folder /System
- Folder/Extensions/Tenon Kernel Libraries/Disabled. Now in the folder /System
- Folder/Extensions/Tenon Kernel Libraries/Disabled is a file called
- OTSocketLib--move this file to the folder /System Folder/Extensions/Tenon
- Kernel Libraries and reboot for full OT compliance.
-
- G5.p. How can I make Power MachTen work with FreePPP or OT/PPP?
-
- If FreePPP or OT/PPPis set up correctly on your system then just switch
- MachTen to Open Transport compliance, and the next time you start MachTen,
- it will start FreePPP or OT/PPP for you (if it isn't already running).
-
- G5.q. How do I create a pppclient chat script?
-
- A ppp chat script is composed of lines of the form:
-
- receive send
-
- In the situation above, when chat receives the word ``receive,'' it sends
- the word ``send.'' The information to send and receive need only be
- seperated by a white space, so in order to send or receve multiple words,
- one must use the double-quote (") to surround the text like this:
-
- "multiple words to receive" "and now multiple words to send"
-
- G5.r. I'm trying to establish a PPP connection, my modem appears to connect
- from the sound but nothing happens. What's wrong?
-
- Probably pppclient is expecting the server to send "login:" and that isn't
- occuring. ppplogin isn't that intelligent, it needs to have specific
- instructions, so if the situation is just a little bit different that you'd
- expect, it doesn't work.
-
- If you turn on debugging (by typing "pppclient debug" instead of just
- "pppclient"), pppclient will tell you what's going on while it's trying to
- log in and connect. Look for lines that say "alarm". That means that
- pppclient waited 45 seconds for whatever was on the previous line (probably
- login: or password:) and it was never sent from the server. Find out what
- line it's expecting. Then dial your ISP with a terminal program like ZTerm
- or VersaTerm from the Macintosh side, and see what comes up. Find out if you
- need to type return a couple of times before that login: prompt comes up. If
- you do, then at the "" "" line, change that to "" "\d\n\n\n" (that means as
- soon as the modem connects, wait one second (\d) and type return (\n) three
- times.)... Mess around with it a little bit until you get to a script that
- works. Use that debug option to see what's going on.
-
- Remember that login scripts are very much a "trial and error" sort of
- endeavor, on all kinds of computers. It may take a few tries before you get
- it right.
-
- G5.s. Why does my ppp connection drop the line?
-
- Try using ttyfa or ttya instead of using cm.out This sometimes proves to be
- more reliable than using the communcations tool box. There are instructions
- on how to do this in the pppclient script. Basically all it requires to be
- done is change the LINE variable and change the chat script to allow for the
- dialing of the modem by MachTen.
-
- G5.t. How do I know the dynamic IP address that is allocated to my system
- for a PPP session?
-
- Typing "ifconfig ppp0" at the prompt will tell you the address ppp is using.
-
- G6. System Stability and Robustness
-
- G6.a. What tips in general do you have to keep MachTen stable?
-
- Watch your memory. Running Netscape 3.0 and MachTen at the same time is a
- bad idea if you have only 16 MB of RAM. Run a disk error checker often and a
- disk defragmenter at least once every three weeks (assuming daily use of
- MachTen). Install all necessary patches and updates.
-
- G6.b. Why does MachTen give the error message 'vmunix: file: table is full'
- when I try to run a program?
-
- This error is caused by the open files value in the MachTen control panel
- being set to low. Increase the number of files allowed to be opened in the
- control panel and the error message will disappear. Don't increase the open
- files value too drastically, because each file handle requires memory.
- Ideally, increase the open files value in increments of 20, until the error
- message no longer appears.
-
- G6.c. Why does MachTen give the error message 'proc: table is full' when I
- try to run a program?
-
- You are unable to start another process because you are at the maximum
- capacity. You can raise the maximum using the MachTen Control
- Panel/Memory/UNIX Processes.
-
- G6.d. Why does MachTen give the error message '/vmunix: no namelist' when I
- try to run a program?
-
- If you rename your MachTen application to something else, this will happen.
- This might also happen if the MachTen application is moved away from where
- it was originally installed. These programs scan the kernel for information.
- If the kernel isn't where they think it is, they give you this error. This
- error can also occur when running MachTen on top of OpenTransport using the
- OT Socket Library with network utilities.
-
- G6.e. When I run several apps in MachTen at the same time and try to launch
- another application, I get "Fragment Load Err: -2810 - Not Enough Memory in
- User's Address Space ..." I have plenty of memory left. What's the problem?
-
- MachTen is running out of memory in "User's Address Space", which means
- within the application. Increase the amount of memory you give to the
- MachTen application by a megabyte or so, and restart.
-
- G6.f. When I am running MachTen the performance is really poor on any
- program that accesses the disk. Moving the Scheduling Priority slider bar in
- the MachTen control panel toward UNIX priority doesn't help. How can I speed
- up MachTen?
-
- Move the slide bar in the MachTen control panel down toward the MacOS. By
- running MachTen at the highest priority you are wasting cycles waiting for
- the MacOS to get a time slice for disk activity. Try pulling the slide bar
- down closer to the middle. In tech support, we generally leave the slider
- three ticks from the UNIX end. You can put this one or two tick marks closer
- to the UNIX side when compiling or running other processor-intensive
- application in MachTen. Also, we recommend not running MachTen and File
- Sharing at the same time.
-
- G6.g. My Power Mac has lots of memory and runs quite fast, but that is not
- reflected in MachTen's performance. I have the UNIX <-> Mac slider on the
- third tick mark from the Mac end and MachTen has a big chunk of memory. UNIX
- on the PPC 601 at 100MHz should blaze. What's up?
-
- The major bottleneck in terms of I/O and performance is caused solely by
- MacOS. This will change when we come out with our fast file system. For the
- time being the only workaround is something like Speed Doubler.
-
- G6.h. I want MachTen to run faster, so I'm going to give it 10 MB's of RAM.
- Will this speed it up?
-
- You probably don't want to allocate more than about 5 MB to the MachTen
- application, since MachTen actually gets most of its memory from the System
- software. You'll notice that if you watch the About This Macintosh... box
- (Apple Menu, in the Finder) while doing some intense processing in MachTen,
- the System Software bar will grow rapidly. That's MachTen allocating memory.
- If you give the MachTen application too much memory, it won't be able to get
- its memory from the System, and it may randomly crash or give 'out of
- memory' errors.
-
- G6.i. Why are the load averages so high? On another workstation running a
- lot more applications, I'm used to load averages around 0.4-0.6. If
- MachTen's X is running, the load average rarely falls below 2. Is there some
- way to improve performance?
-
- The load averages are reported differently under MachTen. This load average
- is by no means a measure of system performance. Load averages are not meant
- for speed comparisons. Typically a high load average (say 10+) is an
- indicator that you need a faster, more powerful machine. The load average is
- calculated by counting the number of processes waiting for the processor.
- The MacOS is always counted as a waiting process, so our load average is
- typically one higher than you would expect.
- G6.j. I installed MacOS 7.5.5 or 7.6 and MachTen 2.3 (or 2.2) won't start up
- anymore. How can I fix this?
-
- First, download new kernels from ftp://ftp.tenon.com/pub/updates/2.3/. Get
- the files unix.hqx and vmunix.hqx. Now, after decompressing these files,
- place them in the MachTen 2.3 Root/MachTen folder on your hard drive. Start
- the MachTen control panel, and while holding down the 'Option' key select
- 'General'. In the window that opens is a box labeled 'MultiFinder Offset'
- which is probably set to '0'. Set this to '1900' for MacOS 7.5.5 and to
- '1876' for MacOS 7.6, save, exit, and start MachTen.
-
- G6.k. MachTen fails to startup with the error "Can't find root vnode". How
- Can I fix this?
-
- There are two volumes on your computer with the same name, probably the hard
- drive that MachTen is installed on is the same as the name of the MachTen
- CD. Change the name of the hard drive to a one that doesn't conflict with
- other volumes.
-
- G7. Other System Issues
-
- G7.a. When I telnet to a (non-MachTen) UNIX system, pressing the delete key
- just gives a '^?' character; I have to press ctrl-H to backspace. How I can
- make the delete key work correctly?
-
- At the command line on the foreign system type 'stty erase [DELETE KEY]'. If
- you access the foreign system primarily through MachTen, then you should put
- the 'stty erase [DELETE KEY]' line in a login script such as .login or
- cshrc, so it will change the delete to backspace every time you log into
- the foreign system. Incidentally, [DELETE KEY] means press the key, not to
- type out DELETE KEY.
-
- G7.b. I have a Stylewriter printer. Do you have a script that I can put into
- the /etc/printcap file so I can print?
-
- MachTen does not support QuickDraw based Stylewriters, only line and
- PostScript printers. You can use a Stylewriter as a straight ASCII line
- printer by setting up an entry in the printcap as an ASCII printer pointing
- to a serial device. There are examples in the /etc/printcap file on how to
- do this.
-
- G7.c. When will virtual memory and protected memory use be implemented on
- Power MachTen?
-
- Virtual memory and protected memory, features of our 68K version of MachTen,
- have always been a top priority for Tenon. However, perturbations in Apple's
- OS strategy have made this development very problemmatic. In the absence of
- virtual memory and protected memory, Tenon has worked hard to make Power
- MachTen a very substantial software development platform. Even in a 'real
- memory' system, we are able to port applications with over a million lines
- of code with good results.
-
- G7.d. Why can't I compile my C code that uses memory mapping system calls?
-
- Memory mapping will not work under Power MachTen since we do not yet have a
- true UNIX virtual memory implementation. I would recommend that you, instead
- of using distinct processes and trying to communicate between them, try
- using a multithreaded approach -- we do have the POSIX threads library, and
- all threads share the same memory space. Alternately, you can use sockets
- for IPC.
-
- G7.e. I only seem able to start Macintosh applications from within Power
- MachTen by becoming root, even though the documentation (and file
- protections) indicate that any user should be able to do this. Why?
-
- As of now only root, or users authorized in the following manner, can
- execute Mac apps -- the Power MachTen documentation is incorrect. Before
- proceeding, please recognize that allowing users to run Macintosh
- applications will make your system significantly less secure. To allow users
- to run Macintosh applications, you have to change the resource settings of
- the MachTen application. First start MachTen and get the user ID (the
- numbers) of the users you want to allow to run Macintosh applications. Exit
- MachTen and start ResEdit. Inside ResEdit, open the MachTen application (in
- the MachTen Root:MachTen folder). Double click on the Luid icon, this will
- open a window titled "Luids from MachTen". In that window, double click on
- the line that contains "Launch User ID's". This will open a window titled
- "Luid 'Launch User IDs' ID=-8192 from MachTen". Highlight the last number in
- this window with your mouse, then select "Insert New Field(s)" from the
- Resources menu. This will create a box below the highlighted number; in that
- box enter one of the user id's that you previously retrieved. Repeat this
- process: select last number, etc. until you have entered all the user id's
- that you want. Remember to save the file.
-
- G7.f. How I can check the status of Mac applications launched from Power
- MachTen?
-
- Power MachTen, unlike Professional MachTen, is unable to check the status of
- currently running Macintosh applications.
-
- G7.g. I have ftp'd some files using the Macintosh program Fetch. I had the
- files downloaded as binary files. Is there any way to convert them to the
- MachTen format so I can use them?
-
- Fetch (and basically all other Macintosh apps) saves your files with both a
- resource fork and a data fork. Before using the file in MachTen, the
- resource fork should be removed by running 'dfork -i <filename>'.
-
- G7.h. Why do active network applications stop when I launch MachTen?
-
- As long as the MachTen TCP/IP stack is used, all running TCP/IP applications
- must be quit before launching MachTen. With CU1 for Power MachTen, the
- requirement to quit Macintosh TCP/IP applications before MachTen launch is
- eliminated.
-
- G7.i. I used adduser to create a user in the 'wheel' group, but when the
- user tries to su I get "su: you are not in the correct group to su root" Any
- suggestions?
-
- Do you have a line in /etc/group that says:
- wheel:*:0:root,your_user
- What's important here is that wheel is group ID 0, and the list of users is
- delimited by the comma. The adduser command may not correctly set your
- group. Check the /etc/groups file and add it manually if needed.
-
- G7.j. How can I access Macintosh disks other than the one that MachTen
- resides on?
-
- You can mount desktop items. For example, if you have a volume called "Hard
- Disk" on your desktop, you can mount it with 'mount "Hard Disk" /mnt' where
- /mnt is your local mount point.
-
- G7.k. Why do I get "Diskname on /Diskname: Device busy, some process using
- this filesystem" when I try to mount a hard disk?
-
- This message means that either you have the drive mounted at another
- location, or that the disk is password protected or locked by a Macintosh
- securty application.
-
- G7.l. How do I start up my Macintosh with Power MachTen as the Finder?
-
- At this time the you can do one of two things. You can rename the NoFinder
- application to Finder, rename the Finder something else and reboot. Your
- machine will boot NoFinder and you can start applications from there. You
- can also boot normally and use NoFinder to kill the Finder. Right now there
- is no way to boot Power MachTen automatically without the Finder or
- NoFinder. Alternatively, the NoFinder application can be used to terminate
- Finder. NoFinder is available at
- file://ftp.tenon.com/pub/applications/contributed/NoFinder.gz
-
- G7.m. How do I convert the old password files from Professional MachTen to
- Power MachTen?
-
- Because Power MachTen is BSD 4.4 compliant, we have moved to the shadow
- password suite. As a result, the old databases are no longer compatible. The
- following two perl scripts will convert the password files for you. The
- first takes your passwd file and outputs what your master.passwd should look
- like. Just run it and redirect your output to /etc/master.passwd. You should
- also chmod 600 this file so only root can read it. The second modifies your
- passwd file so it no longer contains the passwords. You should back up your
- passwd file before you try any of this, in case anything goes wrong. If you
- don't already have perl, you can get it from our ftp site.
-
- Using the "vipw" command, you should edit the password information. Just
- modify it so it will update the database, i.e., change something then change
- it back. When you exit vipw, it will build the spwd.db and pwd.db databases.
-
- **** First Script ****
- #!/usr/local/bin/perl
-
- open(PASSWD, "/etc/passwd");
-
- while(<PASSWD>){
- chop;
- ($name, $password, $uid, $gid, $realname, $homedir, $shell) = split(/:/);
- print
- "$name:$password:$uid:$gid::0:0:0:$realname:$homedir:$shell\n" ;
- }
-
- **** Second Script ****
- #!/usr/local/bin/perl
-
- open(PASSWD, "/etc/passwd");
-
- while(<PASSWD>){
- chop;
- ($name, $password, $uid, $gid, $realname, $homedir, $shell) =
- split(/:/);
- print "$name:\*:$uid:$gid::$realname:$homedir:$shell\n" ;
- }
-
- G7.n. I tried to change my root password, but the passwd program did not
- prompt me for my current password before creating a new one. /etc/passwd,
- still lists the root passwd as *. Why?
-
- The passwd program does not ask for your old password when changing it.
- Power MachTen uses shadow password that it keeps in a separate encrypted
- file. Your /etc/passwd file should contain * for the passwords. Refer to the
- passwd man page for more details.
-
- G7.o. Where is rfork in Power MachTen?
-
- We did not set this up correctly in Power MachTen. You must make a soft link
- between dfork and rfork: 'ln -s rfork dfork'. When rfork runs, it will
- notice its name and act accordingly.
-
- G7.p. How can I safely mount a device to the /volume directory in Power
- MachTen?
-
- On Power MachTen startup, as part of the cleanup, MachTen deletes the
- contents of the /volume directory. Potential results, if a disk or partition
- is mounted to /volume using /etc/fstab are obvious. The following changes to
- "/etc/rc" will solve the problem. Details about "/volume" and its
- directories are included below. In "/etc/rc" change:
-
- $ECHO -n " /volume"; cd /volume && $RM -fr *
-
- to:
-
- $ECHO -n " /volume"; cd /volume && /bin/rmdir * 2>/dev/null
-
- The intent of cleaning "/volume" is to remove old directory entries which
- were previously used as mount points for Macintosh volumes, NOT the contents
- of any volume currently mounted there! "rmdir" will remove a directory
- if-and-only-if it is empty and not mounted on, which is what we want.
- Directory entries are created in "/volume" by "macmntd(8)". Macmntd get a
- signal when a removable Mac volume comes online. It gleans the name of the
- new Macintosh volume, then check "/etc/fstab" for an entry dictating where
- to mount this volume. If no entry exists in fstab, macmntd creates a
- directory in "/volume", using the Macintosh volume name. It then mounts the
- new Mac volume on this directory. When the removable volume is ejected, or
- MachTen quits, the directory entry remains in "/volume". Thus "/volume"
- could, over time, get cluttered with directory entries.
-
- G7.q. How do I change the login banner of MachTen/CodeBuilder?
-
- Change the default entry in the /etc/gettytab file. This is the line to
- change:
-
- default:\
-
-
- G7.r. I lost my root password, how can I recover it?
-
- You must have physical access to the computer. During system startup, wait
- until you see the "Cleaning up..." on the startup screen, then quickly press
- CTRL-C two or three times. This will halt the system startup, press RETURN
- one time to enter MachTen in single-user mode. You should be at a '#'
- prompt. Type '/usr/bin/passwd' then change the root password when prompted.
- Now run 'sync' twice from the '#' prompt, then run '/sbin/reboot'. Once
- MachTen quits completely, drag and drop the MachTen_FFS or CodeBuilder_FFS
- onto 'Fast File First Aid" repeatedly until FFFA gives the FFS file a clean
- bill of health. Restart MachTen and login with your new root password.
-
- G7.s. How do I create an A/UX partition for a fast file system?
-
- As far as we know, you cannot do this with Drive Setup. We recommend using
- FWB's Hard Disk Toolkit, simply set the Partition Type to Apple_UNIX_SVR2
- when creating a scratch partition.
-
- G7.t. Adduser does strange things to my Power MachTen 4.1 installation, how
- can I fix it?
-
- Please read MachTen 4.1 Adduser Problems, with Fixes.
-
- G8. Ported Applications
-
- G8.a. Where is the "ported_apps" folder on the Power MachTen distribution
- disk?
-
- Sorry for the confusion, but the documentation is in error. On the Power
- MachTen 4.0.3 disk there is no "ported_apps" folder. You can get source for
- ported apps from our ftp site and from the Power Mac Ported Applications CD,
- which contains source and binaries.
-
- G8.b. Can you help me port an application or set up a ported application?
-
- Quite possibly. We can help with "core" applications such as Apache or INN
- or other apps that are run on a standard Internet-aware UNIX system. If you
- have a large, intricate and obscure application, we may not be able to help
- as much, simply because we may not have the resources required to understand
- the intricacies of your application. We will, of course, help as much as we
- can with any specific MachTen-related questions you might have.
-
- G8.c. I am trying to port some apps to MachTen. Which vendor's UNIX is
- closest to MachTen?
-
- Since MachTen is a straight BSD port, anything BSD is a good choice. If the
- source has flags for BSD, it's a great place to start. The next best are
- NexT or SunOS. You will have to recompile anything that was not compiled for
- MachTen. O'Reilly has a good book on porting UNIX programs.
-
- G8.d. Why does Tenon have two CD's of ported apps?
-
- Ported Apps Volume 1 is for Professional MachTen. Volume is applications for
- Power MachTen.
-
- G8.e. Why does Tenon suggest purchasing Ported Apps Volume 2 for use with
- CodeBuilder?
-
- Two reasons. First, Ported Apps extends CodeBuilder's suite to include
- advanced UNIX-based tools. Second, Ported Apps comes with over 200 MB of
- source code, which can be used to develop UNIX-based or standalone Macintosh
- applications.
-
- G9. Miscellaneous
-
- G9.a. How can I view an "info" file?
-
- You can view .info files with emacs: type meta-x info and hit return, and it
- will bring up lots of interesting information, including tutorials. (The
- meta key is usually your escape key.) Alternatively, you can view it using
- TeXinfo. Both emacs and TeXinfo are available on the Ported Apps CD.
-
- G10. X Windows
-
- G10.a. Is it possible to cut and paste from X Windows to the Mac desktop?
-
- The fact that our X consumes the screen is a direct result of our X
- architecture. Sending the X drawing primitives directly to the hardware
- screen buffers give us a big performance advantage. What we lose, of course,
- is the 'cut & paste' capability that we would get for 'free' from QuickDraw.
- Even though our X is exactly what you would get if you bought an X terminal,
- we recognize that, since we are running on a Mac, people expect 'cut &
- paste'. This is a feature that, from the beginning, was planned for a future
- upgrade. As a workaround you can copy your text to the X clipboard, then
- save the clipboard to a file and access the file from MachTen windows or
- with BBEdit.
-
- G10.b. How can I change the keyboard mapping under X?
-
- Checkout is the xmodmap program. It will allow you to manipulate your
- keyboard mappings, or you can move the appropriate Xmodmap (located in
- /usr/X11/lib/X11/xinit/) to your home directory and remap the key within the
- file.
-
- G10.c. Where is libXshr?
-
- LibXshr is a library that was present in earlier versions of MachTen, but is
- no longer used. Binaries compiled under previous versions need to be
- recompiled.
-
- G10.d. Why can't Mosaic find any URL's?
-
- When X appears to start but Mosaic complains that the URL cannot be found,
- it is an indication that the Web server (httpd) has not started. Using the
- OpenWindows menu, start an xterm and use the <ps -aux | grep httpd> command
- to verify that the server is not running. Edit the
- /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf file. Uncomment the following line:
-
- #ServerName new.host.name
-
- In addition, you can change the entry <new.host.name> to a name of your
- choice. Save the file and start the Web server with the <httpd -x> command.
- To gain access to the X configuration pages, push the reload button within
- Mosaic or restart Mosaic.
-
- G10.e. Why do I get a "connection reset by peer" error message when I open a
- local xterm window and try to rlogin to another system?
-
- Try setting the TCP/IP control panel (the one for Open Transport) to "Load
- Only When Needed". (You can get to this by clicking the "Options..."
- button).
-
- G10.f. Whenever X is running, the entire system is unstable, whether I'm
- using MacTCP clients or X exclusively. Is there a configuration that will
- make things more stable?
-
- Get all updates (XTen users should upgrade to 6.0.1+). If this doesn't help,
- try taking the TCP/IP control panel out of the Control Panels folder. On
- some systems, this can greatly help our dealings with OpenTransport.
-
- G10.g. The Tenon Web pages say XTen is X11R6, but my Power MachTen came with
- X11R5. Did I get an old MachTen distribution?
-
- MachTen ships with R5, but XTen ships with R6. MachTen with X11R6 is
- available on the PPC Ported Apps CD. CU1 is also included on this disk and
- should be installed before installing X11R6.
-
- G10.h. I tried to launch XWindows with a ctrl-T, but I got the following
- error: 'fatal IO error 32 (Broken pipe) on X server ":0.0"' What happened?
- How do I fix it?
-
- MachTen 4.0.x comes with X11R5, which supports only up to 256 colors. Make
- sure that your monitor is set to 256 colors. An incorrect monitor depth is
- usually the cause of the above error message.
-
- G10.i. The background for the X Window is 'opaque', i.e. I can't see my
- underlying Mac windows. How do I do this on the Tenon X Server?
-
- There is no way to use "rootless" windows in MachTen. Dedicated X windows
- enhances performance many-fold.
-
- G10.j. Why does creating a new window from the File menu kill the X session?
-
- It doesn't. Visit the window menu and reselect the X session as the window
- you would like to view.
-
- G10.k. System memory likes to bloat up to 20 or so MBs whenever I have more
- than a few things running under XTen. Is this normal?
-
- Traditionally, X assumes your system has limitless memory, so this is normal
- behavior for any X system. Most of the memory allocation from MachTen/XTen
- takes place in conjunction with the Code Fragment Manager, which allows us
- to dynamically allocate memory in the System bar. Very little allocation
- happens within the MachTen/XTen program space, which is why we ship with a
- rather low amount of memory assigned to MachTen/XTen in the "Get Info" box.
-
- G10.l. Is there a way to scale the display in X?
-
- No, but you could bump up the monitor resolution (if your monitor and
- computer support higher resolutions).
-
- G10.m. X won't start on my system. It just goes to a white screen then drops
- me back into the finder (or hangs the system) How do I fix this?
-
- The two most likely possibilities are not enough memory or lack of
- networking. If you are running only the MacOS and MachTen, set memory for at
- least 32 MB. X will also fail to start if MachTen is configured to use
- OpenTransport networking and there is no network active (e.g. PPP not
- connected). Simply quit MachTen and open the folder /System
- Folder/Extensions/Tenon Kernel Libraries. Inside this folder resides
- OTSocketLib--move this to the folder /System Folder/Extensions/Tenon Kernel
- Libraries/Disabled. Now in the folder /System Folder/Extensions/Tenon Kernel
- Libraries/Disabled is a file called SocketLib--move this file to the folder
- /System Folder/Extensions/Tenon Kernel Libraries, reboot your computer and
- try X again.
-
- Copyright(c)1998 Tenon Intersystems, 1123 Chapala Street, Santa Barbara, CA
- 93101. All rights reserved.
-