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From: Bruce Grubb <[e-mail]>
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.comm,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: comp.sys.mac.comm FAQ (v 2.2.8) Aug 1 2001 [3/3]
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=====================================================================
[5] Internet Networking
==========================================

[5.1] What kind of hardware and software do I need to have a
      direct connection (ie use TCP/IP protocol) to the Internet?
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Regardless of whether you using Classic or Open Transport networking
(see [4.2]) there are some common hardware and software requirements:

     a program that implementes the Defense Advanced Research Projects
     Agency (DARPA) TCP/IP Protocols (see [4.1])

     a direct connection to an Ethernet or TokenRing network, PPP
     dialup connection, or a connection to a LocalTalk network with
     a DDP-IP router such as a Shiva FastPath, Cayman Gatorbox,
     Webster Multigate, or Compatible EtherRoute TCP.

Both Classic Networking and Open Transport use a TCP/IP Control Panel
plus a PPP extension.  MacTCP 2.0.6 (Classic Networking) requires a
Macintosh Plus or later CPU and System 6.0 or better and became part
of the OS with System 7.5. TCP/IP (Open Transport) became part of the
MacOS with 7.5.3 and needs OT/PPP 1.0 or better.

Both programs provided a standard interface to TCP/IP network
hardware, and makes it possible for more than one TCP/IP based
application to run on a Macintosh at any one time.  For example,
you can simultaneously use a Telnet program, an FTP program, and
share a filesystem via NFS when you use MacTCP or OT to provide the
interface to your TCP/IP network.

For more detailed information regarding connecting a Macintosh
to a TCP/IP network using MacTCP consult Eric Behr's report on MacTCP
<http://www.math.niu.edu/~behr/docs/mactcp.html>.  This report also
provides a lot of useful information for first-time Macintosh
networking administrators.

For those interesting in using Open Transport please consult Mark
Sproul's <http://msproul.rutgers.edu/macintosh/OpenTpt.html> and
Apple's <http://www.apple.com/macos/opentransport/> Open Transport
sites.


[5.2] What are SLIP, CSLIP and PPP?
-------------------------------------

SLIP stands for Serial Line Internet Protocol.  SLIP was a "non-standard"
for framing IP packets and shipping them over a serial line (e.g. a
cable, or a pair of modems), thus allowing a home machine to dial up and
become part of the Internet. Effectively, SLIP turned a serial port into
a logical Ethernet port.  PPP (see below) has effectively replaced SLIP
as the standard of choice for Internet connections.

CSLIP stands for Compressed SLIP.  CSLIP reduces the size of the
headers in IP packets by eliminating a certain amount of redundancy.
This improves interactive performance.

     Synergy Software offers a CSLIP MacTCP extension with its
     VersaTerm/VersaTerm-PRO packages. If you already own Versaterm,
     SLIP is a $20 upgrade. If you buy the complete VersaTerm 5.0.4
     package, you will also get an FTP server and client, a Telnet
     connection tool, and MacTCP. Performance is comparable to that
     of MacSLIP.  Contact: [USA] [phone]

PPP stands for Point-to-Point Protocol.  PPP has been stated as a
standards-track protocol by the Internet Engineering Task Force and
the Internet Activities Board.  PPP can support both synchronous
and asynchronous connections and protocols that are not IP-based
(such as AppleTalk). It provides specifications for error detection,
feature negotiation, escaping control characters, etc.  As a result
PPP has become the defacto standard for connecting to the Internet
with FreePPP being the most popular extension for Classic Networking.


[5.3] FreePPP and OT/PPP (Remote Access) Frequently Asked Questions
---------------------------------------

As stated in the FreePPP FAQ
<http://www.rockstar.com/Support/ppp_faq.html#1>:
     "FreePPP is a group effort, by the not so coincidentally named
     FreePPP Group, aimed at 'unifying' the various enhancments to
     MacPPP  that have been released since 2.0.1 as well as
     coordinating the efforts of the people making these enhancments."

There is a 2.5 version of MacPPP around that is reasonally stable but
it is recommended that FreePPP (currently at version 2.6) be used
instead.

   * What things in MacTCP or TCP/IP do I -not- need to bother with?

          You can safely ignore the IP address field, Gateway Address,
          Subnet Mask, and generally the LCP and IPCP Options.  These
          will be set up by the server at connect time.

   * How should I set the 'Obtain address' setting for MacTCP or OT
     TCP/IP?

       This should be set to 'server'  The load on the Internet today
       has rendered manual addressing virtually useless.

   * Do I need to set the Domain Name Servers in MacTCP or the
     Name servers in TCP/IP?

       Yes.  This information needs to provided to you from your system
       administrator or service provider.  Without this information
     internet programs will not work correctly.

   * Which Port Speed setting should I use for FreePPP?

     If you are using a modern modem (e.g. V.32bis, V.34) then the
       best setting is likely to be 57,600. This will give you the
       best possible throughput of data.  The Modem control panel of OT
       selects the best port speed for you automatically.

   * Which Flow Control setting should I use and
     what modem initialization string should I use?

       With a modern modem connected with a hardware handshaking cable
       (see [1.2]) set this to 'CTS & RTS (DTR)'.   While the exact
       modem initialization string will depend on which modem you have
       (Consult your modem manual or local systems administrator for
       advice.) some genralizations can be made.

       The modem must be configured to match the Flow Control and in
       addition the modem must be set for 'DTR override' (&D0) in your
       initialization string.  Many modems have at least one factory
       defalt setting (&F) that can be used as a starting point.

   * Should I specify my username/password in the
     Accounts/Connections box?

       These Authentication Dialogue boxes are only for use if you
       are connecting to a PPP server that supports PAP.  If setting
       your username and password in the Accounts box does not result
       in a successful login, and you are sure that the information
       is correct, and you have ruled out any other problems, then
       you should not use this part of Accounts box; its fields must
       be left blank.
     In this case use the Connection Script dialogue to build a script
     which includes your username and password. If you do not know
     whether your PPP server supports PAP, check with your service
     provider or System administrator.

    * Do I need to specify a connection script?

     If you are connecting to a PPP server which does not support
       PAP, then you must specify a connection script rather than using
       the Authentication Dialogue box (see above). The connection
       script must include your username and password. If you want to
       "watch what happens" in order to develop a connection script,
       both FreePPP and OT/PPP have a Terminal Window option.  Note,
       however, that if the Terminal Window box is checked, FreePPP
       will ignore your modem initialization string and telephone
       number. You will have to issue the modem commands by hand to
       establish your connection. You may need to include a command to
       start PPP at the remote end (this often happens automatically) -
       if you need to, put this command at the end of your script.

    * Can I control FreePPP or OT/PPP using AppleScript?

    Yes, this ability is allowed by the FreePPP Control add on whose
    homepage is <http://www.snafu.de/~sebastian.kloska/>  OT/PPP
    supports AppleScript directly and comes with documentation and
    example scripts.

    * How do I make a FreePPP or OT/PPP Connection Script pause?

      You can build a pause into the connection script using the '\d'
      special character in an out string. '\d' represents a 1 second
      pause.   If you need a 5 second pause use '\d\d\d\d\d'.

    * FreePPP or OT/PPP drops the line after a few minutes.
      What's wrong?

      This phenomena has a number of causes.

   1) One cause is not setting your modem for DTR override when
      using 'CTS & RTS (DTR)' or 'RTS (DTR) Only' Flow Control. Mac
      hardware handshaking cables have the hardware line from the Mac
      wired to both the RTS and DTR lines of the modem. This means
      that when the Mac drops its handshake line to stop the flow of
      data from the modem, both RTS & DTR are dropped at the modem end.
    Dropping the modem's RTS line is fine because that stops the
    flow of data to the machine (until the machine is ready,
    whence the line is raised again and the flow of data
      resumes). However, if DTR is dropped, the modem will hang up.
      To avoid this, configure the modem for 'DTR override' by
      including the appropriate setting (&D0) in your modem
      initialization string.

   2) If you have selected an Idle Timeout, then FreePPP or OT/PPP
      will seek to drop the connection when there has been no traffic
      for the period you have specified.  A dialogue box will
      appear alerting you that PPP is disconnecting.

   3) Some PPP servers will cut the link after a number of minutes
      of inactivity. This is to stop you tying up a network line if
      you are not making use of it. If you want to defeat this you
    will need to generate some network activity every few minutes.

 4) A significant drop in the quality of the connection.  To some
    degree the higher the modem connection is the less tolerant
    it is of connection quality variation.  This cause is the
    least likly but does occur often enough that it should be
     noted.

    * When I have closed FreePPP or OT/PPP but leave some Internet
      programs open I discover that after while it will attempt to
      reconnect.  How do I stop this?

      With FreePPP select General in the FreePPP Setup application
      uncheck the 'Allow Applications to open connections' box.

      With OT/PPP click Options, select connection, and uncheck
      the 'Connect automatically when starting TCP/IP appplications'
      box.

[5.4] Do I have to know anything about Unix to use the Internet?
---------------------------------------------------------------------

For the most part the answer to this question is no though there are
some Unix and Internet protocals you should know about.  The ones
followed by a * you need to be aware of.

DNS (Domain Name Server) *
     desinates the servers that translates domain names to IP
     numbers.  If this server has problems then you cannot use
     domain names at all and have to use IP numbers. Two Mac
     programs that do DNS lookup are DNS Lookup and MacTCP Watcher.

NFS (Network File System)
     file sharing protocol used by many UNIX workstations.  The
     average Internet surfer doesn't need to worry about this as
     most file transfers involve FTP or HTTP not NFS.  The one commecrcial
     product that allows NFS to be used on the MacOS is:
          PathWay Client NFS from Attachmate

NNTP (Net News Transfer Protocol) *
     a protocol used to transfer articles between a central news
     server and many client machines over TCP/IP or a serial link.
     Used by about every MacOS newreader program available.

SMTP (Simple-Mail-Transfer-Protocol) and POP (Post-Office-Protocol) *
     These are two protocols for transfering electronic mail between
     machines that have a TCP/IP interface or equivalent.  Without
     these you cannot send or receive e-mail.

UUCP
    UUCP (Unix-to-Unix-Copy) is a protocol originally intended to be
    used to transfer files between Unix machines over telephone lines.
    As with NFS it can be safely ignored by the average Internet
    surfer.

[5.5] Is there a UNIX program that will convert between BinHex and
      MacBinary?
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Yes, there are at least two that will handle BinHex 4.0, MacBinary II,
and other conversions. macutil and mcvert are distributed as UNIX shar
archvies and can be found in the unix directory at InfoMac sites.
Source code is included (of course) so you will need a C compiler to
build the programs.  Be warned all of these programs are old and are
no longer supported by their authors.

     * macutil (Last upload Aug 1992)
          macutil is a collection of utilities for manipulating
          Macintosh files in MacBinary [see 2.2] or BinHex [see 2.3]
          format, or over AppleDouble, AUFS, or CAP servers.  It
          includes three programs:

          hexbin - a program to convert BinHex 4.0 to MacBinary; it
          also converts uuencode (and UULite) files to their native
          binary format; support for .dl, .hex, and .hcx formats
          (all predecessors of BinHex 4.0) also exists

          macsave - a MacBinary filter program to convert between
          various MacBinary representations, including a single .bin
          file, three separate .data, .rsrc, .info files, and AUFS
          format. macsave  also allows one to "peek" inside MacBinary
          files

          macunpack - a program that decompress PackIt, Compact Pro,
          StuffIt (Classic format), Diamond, DiskDoubler,
          LHarc/MacLHa, .Z (UNIX compress) and Zoom
          It also decodes BinHex 5.0, MacBinary, and uuencode.

          Support for password protected and/or multi-segment
          archives of various types is minimal or non-existent.

          The various authors of the macutil utilities are too numerous
          to list here; consult the README files that come with the
          package for the details.

     * mcvert (Last upload Oct 1994)
          mcvert allows you to convert BinHex files to MacBinary files
          and vice versa. In addition, you can create MacBinary files
          with empty resource forks from normal files, as well as
          perform other transformations. mcvert can also decode
          PackIt archives.

          mcvert was originally written in 1987 by Doug Moore, but had
          many many new features and a better interface added by
          Joseph Skudlarek.

=====================================================================
[6] Miscellaneous
========

[6.1] I just downloaded an .AVI file but Quicktime will not play it
      correctly.  Am I missing something?
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Quite possibly as there have been serveral codecs for AVIs over the
years each of which have been respresented on the mac with it own
extension: Intel Raw Video (1.10.20.02), Indeo Video (3.22.24.09),
Indeo Video4 (4.4.0), and Indeo Video5 (5.0).  While Windows did have
an i235 AVI codec no Mac extension exists to view these AVIs.

The mac extensions Intel Raw Video and Indeo Video codecs were
originally included in a Quicktime 1.5 and higher program called
Video For Windows (c1994) which allowed to QT view these AVIs. Today the
Indeo Video codecs 3 through 5 plugins for Quicktime 3.0 and 4.0 can be
found at <http://www.apple.com/quicktime/technologies/indeo/> and the
Intel Raw Video seems to be part of the MacOS 8.5 install.

Futher complicating matters is the emergence of a new AVI codec known
as DivX.  Currently the only way to play these DivX AVIs on a Mac is
use DivX Player <http://mac.divx.st/download/index.html> with Windows
Media Player 6.3 (DivX Player does NOT work with version 7 of the
player); unfortunity the OpenDiv codec
<http://www.divx-digest.com/software/divxcodec4.html> which is usable
with Quicktime does not seem to be able to decode DivX AVIs.

=====================================================================
Appendix
========

[A] List of Common Abbreviations
--------------------------------

        Abbrev-
        iation  Description
        ------- ------------------------------------------------------
        ADB     Apple Desktop Bus
        ARA     Apple Remote Access (was AppleTalk Remote Access)
        bps     bits per second
        CSLIP   Compressed SLIP
        csmc    comp.sys.mac.comm
        CTB     Communications Tool Box
        CTS     Clear-To-Send
        DSR     Data-Set-Ready
        DTR     Data-Terminal-Ready
        FTP     File Transfer Protocol
        IP      Internet Protocol
        LAP     Link Acess Protocol
        MNP     Microcom Networking Protocol
        NNTP    Net News Transfer Protocol
        PPP     Point-to-Point Protocol
        RTS     Request-To-Send
        SID     Sound Input Device
        SLIP    Serial Line Internet Protocol; also seen as SLIP
        TCP     Transmission Control Protocol


[B] Mac program archive list link and Vendor Information
------------------------------------------------------------------

Nearly all shareware or freeware programs described in this FAQ are
available from one of the many archives that mirror the InfoMac and
UMich archives. Over 90 of these mirror sites are listed in the FTP
section of the Mac-FTP-list
<http://members.aol.com/BruceG6069/ftp-list.html#mirrors>

These vendors are either mentioned in this FAQ or provide products
relating to Macintosh networking. Neither the editor of this list
nor any of the contributors necessarily endorse any of the vendors
or their products. The following information is provided for your
convenience only.

Please bring any errors or additions to the attention of the editor.

Aladdin Software <http://www.aladdinsys.com/>
     [USA] [phone]

Alverson Software
     e-mail: [e-mail]

Apple Developers Association (APDA)
     [USA] [phone]

Asante <http://www.asante.com/>

Ascend Communications <http://www.ascend.com/>

Attatchmate <http://www.twg.com/>

Carnation Software
     <http://www.webcom.com/~carn/carnation/HT.Carn.Home.html>

Celestin Company
     [USA] [phone]
     [USA] [phone]
     [FAX] [phone]
     AOL: Celestin
     e-mail: [e-mail]

COM One [France] <http://www.com1.fr>

Compatible Systems <http://www.compatible.com/>
     [USA] [phone]

Creative Solutions, Inc.
     [USA] [phone]
     [USA] [phone]
     [FAX] [phone]
     AppleLink: CSI
     CompuServe: 70240,504
     e-mail: [e-mail]

Dayna Communications <http://www.dayna.com/>
     [USA] [phone]

Farallon Computing <http://www.farallon.com/>
     [USA] [phone]

FreePPP Group <http://www.rockstar.com/ppp.shtml>

Global Village <http://www.globalvillag.com/>
     [USA] [phone]
     [USA] [phone]

Hayes Corporation <http://www.hayes.com/>
     [USA] [phone]
     [CANADA] [phone]
     [UK] 081-848-1858
     [UK] 081-569-1774 {BBS}
     [HK] 852-887-1037

ICE Engineering, Inc. <http://www.ice.com/>
     [USA] [phone]

Mark/Space Softworks <http://www.markspace.com/>
     [USA] [phone]

Mercury System, Inc.
     [USA] [phone]
     [USA] [phone] (fax)

QUALCOMM, Incorporated <http://www.qualcomm.com/>
     [USA] (800) 2-EUDORA
     [USA] [phone]

Quiotix Corporation <http://www.quiotix.com/>
     [USA] [phone]

Raine Storm Softworks         <http://www.kagi.com/raine/>

Sassy Software <http://www.cstone.net/~rbraun/mac/telnet/>

Shiva <http://www.shiva.com/>
     [USA] [phone]

Software Ventures Corporation <http://www.svcdudes.com>
     [USA] [phone]

Sonic Systems <http:/www.sonicsys.com/>
     [USA] [phone]
     [USA] [phone]

Synergy Software <http://www.synergy.com/>
     [USA] [phone]

Webster Computer Corp.
     [AUSTRALIA] 61 3 764 1100

Walker Richer & Quinn, Inc.   <www: http://www.wrq.com>
     [North America]    [phone]
     [Elsewhare]      +1.206.217.7100

ZyXEL Communications <http://www.zyxel.com/>
     [USA] [phone]
     [USA] [phone]
     [CANADA] [phone]
     [CANADA] [phone]


[C] Contributors
----------------

The editor of this FAQ would like to graciously thank all of the
following individuals who have contributed in some form or another
to the answers provided above, and to the many others not listed
who have nonetheless encouraged and corrected us along the way.

       Erik Adams                 (DivX information)
       Steve Baumgarten           (Versaterm)
       Jack Brindle               (BinHex, MacBinary)
       Eric Behr                  (MacTCP)
       Jim Browne                 (NCSA Telnet)
       Josh Cole                  (Networking, MacTCP, AppleDouble)
       Bill Coleman               (Smartcom)
       Steve Dorner               (Eudora, SLIP)
       Don Gilbert                (SLIP)
       Tom Gewecke                (European E-Mail, Archives)
       Elliotte Rusty Harold      (General, File Transfer Programs)
       Patrick Hoepfner           (various tidbits)
       Greg Kilcup                (CSLIP, PPP)
       Andy Y. A. Kuo             (Networking)
       Yves Lempereur               (MacBinary/BinHex)
       Peter N. Lewis             (General)
       Ward McFarland               (Mac serial port speeds)
       Dick Napoli                (DivX information)
       David Oppenheimer          (original c.s.m.comm FAQ maintainer)
       Leonard Rosenthol          (General, StuffIt)
       Richard Saint              (MacPPP [now FreePPP] FAQ)
       Bonze Saunders             (dataComet Inforamation)
       Dan Schwarz                (Mac serial port speeds)
       Eric P. Scott              (General)
       Jon L. Spear               (General, Baud Etymology)
       Tony Stuckey               (AppleDouble information links)
       Christopher Swan           (Black Night)
       Werner Uhrig               (Macintosh Expert)
       dzubera                    (56K and .z information)
=====================================================================