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Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!gatech!stallion.jsums.edu!news.uoregon.edu!usenet.eel.ufl.edu!newsfeed.internetmci.com!news.sprintlink.net!usit.net!lesjones.ppp.usit.net!user From: lesjones@usit.net (Les Jones) Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.comm,comp.sys.mac.apps,comp.answers,news.answers Subject: ZTerm Frequently Asked Questions Part 2/2 Followup-To: comp.sys.mac.comm Date: Sat, 22 Jul 1995 14:03:09 -0400 Organization: Softwords Lines: 734 Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU Summary: Answers to frequently asked questions about ZTerm. Please read the FAQ before posting or emailing any questions about ZTerm. Message-ID: <lesjones-2207951403090001@lesjones.ppp.usit.net> Reply-To: macfaq@aol.com NNTP-Posting-Host: lesjones.ppp.usit.net Keywords: FAQ Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.sys.mac.comm:114545 comp.sys.mac.apps:124382 comp.answers:13253 news.answers:49046 Archive-name: macintosh/ZTerm/part2 Posting-Frequency: Monthly [5.00] File Transfers [5.01] Why can't I download a damn thing? (-120 WriteData Error) If you can't download anything, and if you get a -120 WriteData error when you try, you haven't selected a default receive folder. Go to the Settings menu and choose Receive Folder. ZTerm 1.0b handles the situation more elegantly. [5.02] This text, binary, MacBinary, and Smart MacBinary stuff makes my head spin. Which should I use? Unless you know better, use Smart MacBinary, which will automatically select the correct transfer mode. The major exception is if you are uploading non-text files, such as GIFs or .zip files, which PC users will use. In that case, use binary to prevent Finder information from being sent. This reason this setting is so important is because of the Mac's unique file format. Macintosh files have two forks, or parts -- the data fork and the resource fork. The data fork holds data, which is usually text. The resource fork holds resources such as compiled code, pictures, sounds, etc. Text files are usually all data. Applications are mostly resources. This two part structure is unique to the Mac. If you send Mac files to other types of computers, the files will be damaged. Using MacBinary transfers prevents this damage. [5.03] Which transfer protocol should I use? If the service you're calling supports ZModem, use it, because: - ZModem is very fast. - ZModem is a batch protocol, meaning you can place more than one file into a batch for uploading or downloading. Most protocols make you request files one at a time. - ZModem has crash recovery. If a 3 hour download is interrupted 1 minute before it finishes, you can redial the service, start the download again, and finish where you left off. - ZModem receives begin automatically. To start a ZModem download, simply tell the other computer to begin the transfer. Your computer will detect a ZModem transfer and automatically enter receive mode. This autoreceive feature necessitates the default download folder, which ZTerm also uses with other transfer protocols. - ZModem handles XON/XOFF software flow control better than other protocols. - ZModem detects the presence of hardware error correction, such as MNP 4 and v.42, and turns off its own error detection. The result is faster throughput when using error-correcting modems. [5.04] Does ZTerm support batch ZModem downloads? Yes. ZModem is by definition a batch protocol. To download multiple files from UNIX using ZModem, use the command sz -w 2048 filename1.txt filename2.hqx etc. [5.05] Interrupting ZModem downloads is messy. What's a modem freak to do? Send an ASCII abort or interrupt character. The abort character varies from host to host, but should be either control-x control-k, or control-c. Whichever character you send, type it repeatedly. [5.06] Can I use ZModem from my VAX or UNIX account? Yes. The necessary source code for VAX is available via anonymous FTP from ee.utah.edu in the directory /Comm/Rzsz. You will need everything but the .tar file. The source code for UNIX is available via anonymous FTP from sumex-aim.stanford.edu in the directory info-mac/comm. The four files are in UNIX shar format. I am told that the code is not ANSI C. My informant says that UNIX users can use the K & R compiler. [5.07] How do I prevent massive CRC errors during ZModem text downloads from UNIX? In the ZTerm manual, Dave Alverson suggests using "sz -w 2048 filename". Here's an explanation from Fernmail author Dave Platt: "The commonest reason for this sort of failure-to-resynchronize is, in my experience, excessive data buffering between the sending "sz" process and the receiving program. The ZModem protocol can become badly confused if you're connected to your host via a TCP-based terminal server or some similar serial data switch. If the terminal server and the network software provides a substantial amount of data buffering (as it probably does), then the two ZModem processes will each see a _long_ delay between the time that they send a message to their peer, and the time that the response to this message makes it through the network to them. This delay will interfere with the protocol's error-recovery timeouts, and can lead to an endless stream of recovery attempts. "I strongly suggest using the poorly-documented "-w" option when downloading files from a mainframe or workstation, unless you're _sure_ that all of the data communication links between you and the host are running at the same speed and don't do data buffering. The "-w" option enables a four-packet sliding-window mode, which will guarantee that sz will never "get ahead" of your Mac by more than the window-size that you specify. As long as the window size is no more than (e.g.) 10 seconds worth of data, there won't be a problem with the retry timers expiring before the window is emptied. "I usually use "sz -w 2048 filename" when downloading. In fact, I have "sz" aliased to "sz -w 2048" to ensure that I don't forget to use windowed mode." [5.08] How can I make ZModem binary downloads from UNIX more reliable? Joel Schulman wrote to say that he couldn't download binaries until he began using the -e modifier, as in sz -e filename Several readers pointed out that the -e modifier escapes control characters such as control-s and control-q. These are the XON/XOFF characters used in software flow control. If UNIX sees the XOFF character, it stops the file transfer. The -e option tells the UNIX host to ignore these characters. [5.09] I have other problems with UNIX. What's Dave been smokin'? If you have trouble with UNIX when you use the telnet command, try the rlogin command, and vice versa. This tip has solved many problems for UNIX users. [5.10] How can I do ZModem uploads to Delphi? One person reports that changing the ZModem options under Settings from rz to uz fixed his uploading problems. [5.11] Where's YModem-G Send? According to ZTerm's excellent Balloon Help, YModem1K send is the same as YModem-G send. [5.12] Why does YModem work on some systems and not others? What some BBSes call YModem is actually XModem-1K. If the BBS offers YModem and YModem Batch, use YModem Batch, which is the true YModem ZTerm expects. Otherwise, if YModem transfers aren't working, tell the BBS to send YModem, and tell ZTerm to receive XModem-1K. Frankly, this is just one more reason to use ZModem. [5.13] If I have the Kermit/VT102/etc. Tool, will ZTerm support Kermit/VT102/etc.? ZTerm doesn't use the Communications Toolbox for terminal emulation, connection, or file transfer, so it can't use Communications Toolbox tools. ZTerm 1.0 supports Kermit file transfers. [5.14] Hellfire tarnation and a monkey! Why's my transfer efficiency so low? It may not be low at all. Ignore the percent efficiency figure. The characters per second (cps) rate is a better indicator of efficiency. The reason you should ignore the percent efficiency is that ZTerm normally calculates percent transfer efficiency by dividing the actual throughput by the DTE speed (what ZTerm calls the data rate). Assuming your modem is transferring data at exactly 14400, ZTerm will report the efficiency to be 14400/19200 = 75% at 19200, 14400/38400 = 38% at 38400, and 14400/57600 = 25% at 57600. Yet in each case the actual transfer rate is the same. Having said all of that, you can use the percent efficiency figure if you initialize your modem with ATW2. When the modem is set to W2, ZTerm reports the connect speed as the DCE speed rather than the DTE speed, and calculates percent efficiency based on the DCE speed. So if your modem is transferring data at exactly 14400, ZTerm will report the efficiency to be 14400/14400 = 100%. ![5.15] How can I exchange files with my friend's computer? You can call a friend's computer and exchange files directly without going through a BBS. Here's how: 1. Set the software on both machines to local echo. 2. Set the software on both machines to 8 data bits, no stop bits, and no parity. Also set both modems to the same data rate. Start slow and work your way up. 3. Speak to each other on the phone just before calling with the modem. 4. Hangup and have one person make the call. When the phone rings on the receiving end, type ATA in ZTerm and press the return key. 5. Type a greeting to make sure you're properly connected. 6. The person sending files should have Transfer Convert under the File menu set properly. Use MacBinary to transfer files between two Macs. Use Binary for Mac-to-PC transfers. 7. The person sending the file should use ZModem. The other computer will automatically receive the file. 8. The receiving party must have selected a default receive folder by choosing Set Receive folder under the Settings menu. ![5.16 How can I make Kermit transfers faster? Choose Transfer Options from the Settings menu. Choose Kermit from the Send and Receive popup menus. Set Error Checking to CRC and set Packet Size to 1000. [6.00] Sound, ANSI Graphics, and Color [6.01] Why oh why won't the ZTerm sounds play? The sounds must be stored in the System file (AKA System suitcase). See below. [6.02] Can I use sounds other than the ones that come with ZTerm? Absolutely. You can rename any sound to "Connect", "Filedone" or "Termbell" and install the sound in the System file. Under System 7, quit all applications and desk accessories and drag the sounds to the icon of the closed System Folder. When asked if you want the sounds installed in the system file, click OK. System 6 users can install sounds into the System file using the Riccardo Ettore's shareware SoundMover (part of the SoundManager Package) or Apple's ResEdit. You can also use a resource manager, such as Fifth Generation System's SuitCase or Alsoft's MasterJuggler, to open the sounds with ZTerm. [6.03] Is there any limit on the length of the sounds? ZTerm doesn't limit the length of the sounds, but ZTerm can't send or receive data while the sounds are playing. A long connect sound may cause connection problems, so keep it short. [6.04] How do I turn my modem speaker down or off? This one is near and dear to my heart, as I used to have the 2400 bps Modem for the Deaf(TM). ZTerm offers three ways to turn the modem speaker off (AT M0), or to turn the speaker down (AT L0) if it's on. (All 0's are zeroes, as they always are in the Hayes language. The only exception is The ATOn command, which is used to return the modem to online mode. In that case, "O" is an "oh". The n is a placeholder for an integer number.) M1 turns the speaker back on. L1 turns the volume back up. 1. You can manually do the deed by typing AT M0 or AT L0 before you make a connection. This method is best if you only want to silence the modem for some sessions. 2. To automatically change the volume when dialing a particular service, enter AT M0 or AT L0 in the "Pre-dial init" field in that service's Connection dialog. This method is best if you want the speaker on for some services and off for others. 3. To automatically control the volume for all services, select Modem Preferences. Click in the "Initialize" field and use the cursor keys to move to the far right. Move the cursor just to the left of ^M and type M0 or L0. This method is best if you want the speaker off for every service, every time. Incidentally, these three techniques work for any initialization string. [6.05] How do I get ANSI graphics when connecting to a PC BBS? 1. Select Terminal Settings for that service and choose the PC ANSI BBS radio button. 2. Also in the Terminal Settings dialog, uncheck the "No Extended Characters (Strip hi bit)" box if it's checked. 3. In the Color Preferences dialog, check the Use Color box. 4. In the Terminal Preferences dialog, set the font size to 9 or 12 point. Other sizes will not display ANSI graphics. 5. In the Monitors control panel, set the monitor depth to 256 colors or higher. 16 colors will do in a pinch. If you normally use 16 color video, I recommend using Jon Snell's ZTerm High Speed Patch, which installs a 16 color palette into ZTerm. 6. ZTerm 1.0b only: in Terminal settings, select Terminal Font. [6.06] I did all of that and the ANSI graphics still look a little funny. What gives? ZTerm 0.9 uses 8 colors for ANSI emulation, while some ANSI graphics use 16 colors. ZTerm 1.0 supports 16 color ANSI emulation, so you're better off using 1.0. [6.07] How can I edit the colors ZTerm uses for ANSI graphics? The ANSI colors in ZTerm 1.0 are editable. Choose Color Preferences from the Settings menu and doubleclick any color to change it. Ordinarily you can't edit the colors in ZTerm 0.9, but you can if you use Jon Snell's ZTerm Speed Patch. Once you install the patch, open a copy of ZTerm with ResEdit, doubleclick the pltt resource, doubleclick the ID 128 resource, and edit the colors by doubleclicking them. ![6.07] What ANSI color settings should I use? Keith Corwin (kcorwin@delphi.com) posted a table of RGB color values that closely match the ANSI colors on many PC systems. Apple RGB Color Picker (System 7.5) +----------------------------+ +-----------------------------+ |Color | %R | %G | %B | |Color | %R | %G | %B | +-------------+----+----+----+ +--------------+----+----+----+ |Dark Black | 0 | 0 | 0 | |Light Black | 33 | 33 | 33 | |Dark Red | 67 | 0 | 0 | |Light Red |100 | 40 | 40 | |Dark Green | 0 | 67 | 0 | |Light Green | 40 |100 | 40 | |Dark Yellow | 60 | 40 | 0 | |Light Yellow |100 |100 | 40 | |Dark Blue | 0 | 0 | 67 | |Light Blue | 40 | 40 |100 | |Dark Magenta | 60 | 0 | 60 | |Light Magenta |100 | 40 |100 | |Dark Cyan | 0 | 60 | 60 | |Light Cyan | 40 |100 |100 | |Dark White | 67 | 67 | 67 | |Light White |100 |100 |100 | +----------------------------+ +-----------------------------+ Old Color Picker (System 7.1 and below), RGB codes +-------------------------------+ +--------------------------------+ |Color | R | G | B | |Color | R | G | B | +-------------+-----+-----+-----+ +--------------+-----+-----+-----+ |Dark Black | 0 | 0 | 0 | |Light Black |21626|21626|21626| |Dark Red |43908| 0 | 0 | |Light Red |65535|26214|26214| |Dark Green | 0 |43908| 0 | |Light Green |26214|65535|26214| |Dark Yellow |39321|26214| 0 | |Light Yellow |65535|65535|26214| |Dark Blue | 0 | 0 |43908| |Light Blue |26214|26214|65535| |Dark Magenta |39321| 0 |39321| |Light Magenta |65535|26214|65535| |Dark Cyan | 0 |39321|39321| |Light Cyan |26214|65535|65535| |Dark White |43908|43908|43908| |Light White |65535|65535|65535| +-------------------------------+ +--------------------------------+ [6.08] How can I add excitement to my dull and monotonous life? Select Color Preferences and choose colored text on a darker background. I use yellow text on a black background. Use whatever colors you want. It's your life. [7.00] VT100 Emulation [7.01] I'm wiggin' out, Les! Why don't the home, end, page up, and page down keys on my extended keyboard work? During VT100 emulation, those keys are assigned to VT100 operations. To make them work like normal Macintosh application keys, hold down the shift key and then press them. [7.02] Why don't the f1-f4 editing keys on my extended keyboard work? During VT100 emulation, all of the function keys are assigned to VT100 operations. Use the command key shortcuts or the Edit menu. [7.03] How can I emulate a control key on a Mac Plus? If you are using System 7 on a U.S. system, install the ZTerm Keyboard layout. To do this, drag the keyboard layout to the icon of the closed system folder. When asked if you want to install the keyboard layout, click OK. The option key will now emulate the control key. If you are using a non-U.S. system, or a system earlier than 7.0, select Terminal Settings from the Settings menu. Assign the control key function to the command key. [7.04] How can I emulate an escape key on a Mac Plus? When Option for Control is checked in Terminal Preferences, the accent/grave key in the upper left hand corner of the keyboard emulates the escape key. [7.05] How can I emulate function keys on a PowerBook? Connectix PowerBook Utilities (CPU) provides function key emulation for PowerBooks. CPU is commercial software. If anyone knows of freeware or shareware for emulating function keys, please let me know. Date: Fri, 12 May 1995 20:55:39 +0059 (EDT) From: Rich Scarlet <rscarlet@world.std.com> Subject: Function keys-powerbooks-for Zterm To: lesjones@usit.net In your Zterm FAQ you wrote: Connectix PowerBook Utilities (CPU) provides function key emulation for PowerBooks. CPU is commercial software. If anyone knows of freeware or shareware for emulating function keys, please let me know. I think there are two shareware solutions, available from the usual sources. One is Keyboard Plus. From the documentation: Keyboard PLUS was written by me, Berrie Kremers. I can be reached at: Prof. Cobbenhagenlaan 464 5037 DJ Tilburg The Netherlands or via e-mail: berrie@kub.nl This is a special-purpose control panel designed just to provide extended keys on a PowerBook or other more limited keyboard. Another is KeyQuencer, by Alex Levi Montalcini lmontalcini@pmn.it This is a general-purpose programmable macro control panel. It's a bit of work to program all the extended keys you'd like to use, but straightforward. And it's a very useful control panel for many other things. I've used both on my Powerbook (with Zterm 0.9) (all registered!). I've finally settled on KeyQuencer, because after it's programmed it can do all that Keyboard Plus can do, plus lots more. === Many thanks for the FAQ! Rich Scarlet rscarlet@world.std.com [7.06] How can I emulate a numeric keypad on a PowerBook? Use NumericKeypad (AKA U.S. Keypad), a ResEdit resource and keypad written by Mel Park, of the University of Tennessee, Memphis. NumericKeypad maps the numeric keypad to the regular keyboard when the caps lock key is engaged. [7.07] How can I use the numeric keypad to enter numbers or PF keys? The numeric keypad is sometimes used for special editing functions on the host machine. If you want to use the numeric keypad for PF keys, make sure VT100 Keypad is turned on. Conversely, if you always want to use it for entering numbers, turn off the "VT100 Keypad" option in the Terminal dialog for that service. [7.08] How can I get ZTerm to work with Lynx? Lynx is a popular text-based World Wide Web browser. To configure ZTerm for Lynx, open the Terminal settings window, click the VT100 option, and make sure that Auto Line Feed is turned OFF. [7.09] Tip: positioning the cursor with the mouse. You can not only use the mouse to select text, you can also use it to position the cursor. Hold down the option key. The pointer will become diamond shaped and will move the cursor, somewhat slowly, to wherever you click. [8.00] Text and Text Files [8.01] Can I make the terminal font bigger? Yes. Select Terminal Preferences from the Settings menu and enter a larger size. [8.02] Can I change the font ZTerm uses? Beginning with ZTerm 1.0b, you can change the font in the Terminal settings for each service. Be aware, however, that most fonts do no work well for terminal emulation. ZTerm╣s built-in font is unique in that it's monospaced (every character is the same width) and that the bold characters are the same width as plain characters. Few fonts have both of these characteristics. Some that do include VT100, and the Adobe PostScript version of Monaco and Courier. The TrueType versions of Monaco and Courier which came with your Mac don't work especially well, because the bold characters are wider than the plain characters. Thanks to Walter Ian Kaye (boodlums@genie.geis.com) for his input on fonts. [8.03] How can I increase the size of the scroll buffer? ZTerm stores the contents of the scroll buffer in memory. To increase the memory partition, quit ZTerm, select ZTerm's icon, and choose Get Info from the File menu. Now enter a larger size for ZTerm's memory partition. [8.04] Why do some characters get corrupted when I copy text from my word processor and paste it into ZTerm? The characters you've pasted are illegal on the system you're logged in to. A lengthy explanation follows. On the Macintosh, all eight bits of a byte are used for characters, producing 256 possible characters (two to the eighth power is 256). Internet mail and Usenet newsgroups use only seven bits for text, producing only 128 possible characters (two to the seventh power is 128). If you use any characters which use the eighth bit, the host computer ignores the last bit and uses the first seven bits to determine which character to display. To avoid illegal characters when composing text for a mainframe, never use any characters which require pressing the option key. Also, in your word processor, turn off smart (curly) quotes, which use the eighth bit. When smart quotes are turned on, the word "don't" usually becomes "donUt" when pasted to a mainframe. And I'll bet dollars to donUts you donUt want that to happen. If you need to upload or paste text files containing illegal eighth bit characters, process the file with the Zap Gremlins command in BBEdit Lite (freeware by Richard Siegel). [9.00] Macros and Scripting ![9.01] What are macros and how do I use them? Macros are mainly used to send strings of text. Choose Edit Macros from the Macros menu and type in the text you'd like to send. You can activate the macro by choosing it from the Macro menu or typing the command-key shortcut. I store "anonymous" in one macro and my email address in another. When an ftp host asks for my user name and password, I can send them with two keystrokes. In ZTerm, macros can also be used to run scripts. Simply type the name of the script into the macro editor, and place the (option-r) character in front of it. The script must be stored in the ZTerm folder, and it must have the name you typed into the script editor. If ZTerm can't find the script in the ZTerm folder, it will return a "[" (left bracket) when you try to run the script with a macro. [9.02] How do I know my script is running? You will see a letter or two in the lower right hand corner of the terminal window. These letters are abbreviations for the command the script is preparing to execute. By noting which commands have executed, you can more easily debug scripts. These are the abbreviations and their meanings, as provided by Dave Alverson: b : beep s : send w : wait (time) wp: wait prompt wq: wait for quiet [9.03] How do I cancel a script? Hold down the command key and type a period. Command-period, AKA the International Mac Distress Code, also cancels printing and pastes, in ZTerm or most other applications, and is the keyboard shortcut for the cancel button in most dialog boxes. [9.04] How do I send an escape/linefeed/break/etc. in a script? To send an escape, use the line: send "^[" where "[" is the lowercase left hand bracket, and "^" is the shift-6 control character. Substitute "^j" for linefeeds. Basically, you can send any ASCII character using a script. All you need is a table of ASCII characters and their meaning. Note that a break is not an ASCII character, so ZTerm 0.9 couldn't send a break in a script. ZTerm 1.0 now has a send break command. [9.05] Do I have to use the Wait for "da da da" prompt syntax? Nope. Wait prompt "da da da" works just fine. [9.06] Why is ZTerm sending only part of a line? When a line begins with the "send" command, ZTerm sends everything between the first set of quotes and the second set of quotes. If the string looks like this: send " "It is not I who am crazy ... It is I who am MAD!!!" ^M" ZTerm will send a space, because that's what's between the first and second set of quotes. [9.07] How can I send quotation marks within a send statement? I used to say it couldn't be done, but I found a way. ZTerm recognizes four varieties of quotation marks: single quote, double quote, smart single quote, and smart double quote. If you begin a send statement with one type, ZTerm won't stop sending until it reaches another quote of the same type. (It doesn't, however, care which way the smart quotes face.) For instance, if the send line looks like this: send ' "It is not I who am crazy ... It is I who am MAD!!!" ^M' ZTerm will send everything within the single quote marks (apostrophes). If your send string contains double and single quotes, enclose the string within smart quotes. KeyCaps DA will show you the correct keys for producing smart quotes in your word processor or text editor. As a rule of thumb, don't enclose smart quotes within the send string, because smart quotes use the eighth bit. [9.08] What does error -49 mean? It means that the script ZTerm tried to use is open in another application, such as your word processor. Close the script file and try again. [9.09] I'm goin' nuts! Why won't my login script run? Here's a shotgun blast of possibilities: 1. The file may not be in the right place. Login scripts must be stored in the root level of the ZTerm folder. That is, scripts should be inside the ZTerm folder, but not inside any other folders. 2. The file may not have the correct name. Login scripts should have the same name as the service, with the ".zts" extension on the end. If the service is called " MacClique" (note the space), the script should be called " MacClique.zts", with a space. 3. The script may not be in text only format. ZTerm can only read text only files (files of type code text), such as TeachText files. If you write the script with your word processor, be sure to use the Save As command and select a text only format. If TeachText can't open the file, it is not in text only format. (One exception: TeachText can't open text files larger than 32K. Or had I mentioned that already? If you have a working, useful script larger than 32K, I'd like to shake your hand.) 4. The script may be an alias. ZTerm 0.9 doesn't recognize aliased scripts. ZTerm 1.0 does. 5. There may be something wrong with your login script. To test your script, connect to the service, select the Run Script command, and tell ZTerm to use the login script. If the script doesn't work when run manually, the script is faulty. Check spelling and syntax. [9.10] Login script example This is the login script I used to use for my university's timesharing network: wait prompt "Local>" send "c vax^M" wait prompt "Username:" send $account "^M" wait prompt "Password:" send $password "^M" Note that $account and $password are NOT inside quotation marks. For this script to work, the values for $account and $password must be entered into the Connection dialog. [9.11] Tip: sending a sig with a script and macro. UNIX users often include a signature at the end of their messages. The signature, or sig, often includes the person's name, email address, company, etc. Sigs are automated in UNIX. ZTerm users can easily include a sig with their email by creating a sig script. Launch your favorite text editor or word processor, set the font to Monaco, and write the sig as you want it to appear. Then enclose each line of text in quotation marks, type "send" without the quotes in front of each line, and include a ^M before the second set of quotation marks. To send a blank line, send a ^M by itself. Save the script in the ZTerm folder and name it sig. If you use a word processor, be sure to use Save As and save in a text only format. Example: send "-- ^M" send "Les Jones" send "The America Online and ZTerm FAQs^M" send "ftp://usit.net/pub/lesjones/^M" Now launch ZTerm and choose Edit Macros from the Macro menu. Name the new macro sig, and type "(option-r)sig" in the Macro String field. Now your sig is only a macro away. You could also use the Run Script command under the Macro menu, but it wouldn't be as convenient. Enjoy! [9.12] Other uses of scripts and macros Scripts and macros can eliminate a lot of needless typing. I used to use the following script to log on to the sumex-aim FTP site. send "FTP sumex-aim.stanford.edu^M" wait prompt "Username:" send "anonymous^M" wait prompt "Password:" send "ljones@utkvx.utk.edu^M" wait prompt "FTP>" send "cd info-mac^M" Send in those corrections and tips! And send Dave your shareware fee! -- | macfaq@aol.com | AOL, Good Times and ZTerm FAQs | Les Jones | lesjones@usit.net | ftp://usit.net/pub/lesjones/ | \\\ Okra-Kola: East Tennessee's favorite okra-flavored soda ///