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- From: ian_springer@hp.com (Ian P. Springer)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.hp.hpux,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: comp.sys.hp.hpux FAQ
- Followup-To: comp.sys.hp.hpux
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU
- Summary: This is the FAQ for the HP-UX OS, version 10 and later.
- Keywords: HP-UX, HPUX, FAQ, 10.0, 10.20, 10.x, 11.0, 11.x, 11i
- Organization: none
- Originator: faqserv@penguin-lust.MIT.EDU
- Date: 12 May 2004 12:03:56 GMT
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-
- Archive-name: hp/hpux-faq
- Comp-sys-hpux-archive-name: hp/hpux-faq
- Version: 11.23.0312.00
- Last-modified: 2003/12/30
- Maintainer: Ian P. Springer <ian_springer@hp.com>
- URL: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/faqs/hp/hpux-faq
- Revision-Frequency: monthly
- Posting-Frequency: every 10 days
- Disclaimer: Approval for *.answers is based on form, not content.
- Copyright: (c)2001-2003 Ian P. Springer
-
- comp.sys.hp.hpux FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
-
- [HTML version of this FAQ also available - please see section 4.1.1]
-
- Subject: 1. INTRODUCTION
-
- Overview
- ========
- This article contains the answers to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- seen
- in the Usenet newsgroup comp.sys.hp.hpux. Issues may also be discussed in
- comp.sys.hp.apps, comp.sys.hp.misc, and comp.sys.hp.hardware. Discussion
- in this document centers around Hewlett-Packard computer systems running
- the HP-UX[R] operating system; the focus is on HP-UX 10.20, and later,
- running on HP9000 Series 700 workstations and HP9000 Series 800 servers,
- though some of the information presented may also apply to earlier
- versions of HP-UX, including HP-UX for Series 300, 400, 500, and 600
- HP9000 machines. Previous versions of this FAQ contained some information
- specific to HP-UX 9.x and earlier; such information has been removed, as
- of version 11.11.0105 of the FAQ. This decision was made because HP-UX
- versions 10.00 and earlier have been officially classified as obsolete by
- HP, as well as to permit greater focus on the more current versions of
- HP-UX. The FAQ will be updated every other month or as the maintainer
- sees fit, and it will be posted on Usenet once a month.
-
- Copyright Notice
- ================
- This FAQ is Copyright (c) 2001-2003, Ian P. Springer, all rights
- reserved.
- It may be freely redistributed in its entirety, provided that this
- copyright notice is not removed. It may not be sold for profit or
- incorporated in commercial documents without the written permission of
- the
- copyright holder. Permission is expressly granted for this document to be
- made available for file transfer from installations offering unrestricted
- anonymous file transfer on the Internet. This article is provided as is,
- without any express or implied warranty. While every effort has been
- made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this FAQ, the
- maintainer and contributors assume no responsibility for errors or
- omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information
- contained herein. The content of this FAQ does not necessarily represent
- the opinions of the maintainer's employer, contributors' employers, or
- the Hewlett-Packard Company.
-
- Distribution
- ============
- Refer to section 4.1.1 for details on where to obtain this FAQ.
-
- Format
- ======
- This FAQ is written in "minimal digest format" as described at
- <http://www.faqs.org/faqs/faqs/minimal-digest-format/>. You can skip from
- one section to the next by pressing ^G in many newsreaders, such as rn,
- trn, and strn (but not nn or tin).
-
- What's New?
- ===========
- In the table of contents below, questions marked with a "+" were
- recently added, and questions marked with a "!" were recently updated.
-
- Unanswered Questions
- ====================
- For other questions and answers not included in this FAQ, please search
- for the answer in the newsgroup archives at <http://groups.google.com/>
- (formerly DejaNews). Many times, what you want to know has been asked and
- answered many times before, and you will get your answer quicker
- searching
- through <http://groups.google.com/>. When searching, include the
- expression "group:comp.sys.hp.hpux" along with your keywords to narrow
- the search to only comp.sys.hp.hpux.
-
- If you are unable to find the answer to your question in the newsgroup
- archives, then go ahead and post your question to comp.sys.hp.hpux.
-
- Submitting Feedback
- ===================
- All feedback is appreciated. Submissions, corrections, comments, and
- complaints should be directed to Ian P. Springer <ian_springer@hp.com>.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
-
- 1. INTRODUCTION
-
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
-
- 3. GENERAL INFORMATION
- 3.1 What does HP-UX stand for?
- 3.2 Where can I find a good overview of HP-UX?
- ! 3.3 What is the release history of HP-UX?
- 3.4 Where can I find definitions of various HP-UX terms?
- 3.5 What is HP's address and phone number?
- 3.6 How does HP-UX rank among other enterprise Unixes?
- + 3.7 How does the Compaq merger affect the HP-UX roadmap?
-
- 4. RESOURCES
- 4.1 FAQs
- 4.1.1 Where can I get a copy of this FAQ file?
- ! 4.1.2 What other HP-UX-related FAQs exist?
- 4.2 Web Sites
- 4.2.1 HP Sites
- 4.2.1.1 What is the URL of HP's main web site?
- 4.2.1.2 Where can I browse HP documentation on the Web?
- 4.2.1.3 Where can I get support from HP on the Web?
- 4.2.1.4 Other HP Sites
- 4.2.2 Non-HP Sites
- + 4.2.2.1 EnterpriseUnix.org
- 4.2.2.2 EPFL Support HP / HPLine
- 4.3 Newsgroups
- 4.3.1 List of Usenet newsgroups
- 4.3.2 HP's newsgroup policy
- 4.3.3 The ITRC HP-UX Forum
- 4.4 Mailing Lists
- 4.4.1 HPUX-Admin Mailing List
- 4.4.2 HP 9000 series 500 Mailing List
- 4.4.3 HPMINI-L Mailing List
- 4.5 Periodicals
- 4.5.1 hp-ux/usr
- 4.5.2 The HP Chronicle
- 4.6 Books
- 4.6.1 HP-UX 11.x Books
- 4.6.2 HP-UX 10.x Books
- 4.6.3 HP-UX 10.x/11.x Books
- 4.6.4 CDE Books
- 4.6.5 Books from HP
- 4.6.6 HP Product Manuals
- 4.7 Local Files
- 4.7.1 The HP-UX Reference Manual
- 4.7.2 /usr/share/doc
- 4.8 Conferences and Workshops
- 4.8.1 HP World Conference & Expo
- 4.8.2 InterWorks Conference
- 4.8.3 HP/Works Technical Workshops
- 4.9 Courses and Certifications
- 4.9.1 Courses offered by HP
- 4.10 Organizations
- 4.10.1 Organizations within the U.S.
- 4.10.1.1 Interex, The International Association of
- Hewlett-Packard Computing Professionals
- 4.10.1.2 InterWorks
- 4.10.2 Organizations outside the U.S.
- 4.10.2.1 Interex Netherlands HP User Group (AKA DutchWorks)
- 4.10.2.2 HP/Works
- 4.10.2.3 Japanese HP Computer Users Association
- 4.11 Third-Party Vendors
- 4.11.1 Hewlett-Packard Vendor Listing
-
- 5. SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION
- 5.1 Auditing and Security
- 5.1.1 How do group privileges work?
- 5.1.2 Why are mail files in /var/mail owned by 'daemon' instead
- of the recipient?
- 5.1.3 How can I restrict regular users from logging in at the
- console?
- 5.1.4 How can I disable non-root logins?
- 5.1.5 Where can I find a list of all patches corresponding to
- security advisories?
- 5.1.6 How can I protect my systems against SATAN?
- 5.1.7 What are the major differences between trusted and
- non-trusted systems?
- 5.1.8 How can I configure things like minimum password length,
- password history, and maximum simultaneous logins?
- 5.1.9 What is the sticky bit's purpose?
- 5.1.10 Does HP-UX have a /dev/random, /dev/urandom, or similar
- device?
- 5.1.11 How can I protect my system from viruses?
- 5.1.12 What information is available on configuring HP-UX for
- maximum
- security?
- + 5.1.13 Does HP-UX support /etc/shadow like Solaris and Linux?
- 5.2 Backup and Recovery
- 5.2.1 Can I put more than one backup on DDS with fbackup?
- 5.2.2 How can I use dump with a DDS tape?
- 5.2.3 Why do cpio/tar/dump/pax all backup to tape painfully slowly?
- 5.2.4 What CD burning software is available?
- 5.3 Disks and File Systems
- 5.3.1 How can I enable long file names?
- 5.3.2 Is it possible to create a RAM disk?
- 5.3.3 What happened to DUX and context dependent files (CDFs)?
- 5.3.4 Why can't I use all of my swap space?
- 5.3.5 How can I determine which disk is the boot disk?
- 5.3.6 Why does pfs_mount fail with the message 'Not Owner' when I
- try to use it?
- 5.3.7 What's new with remote mounts and the automounter?
- ! 5.3.8 Why are CDROM filenames all UPPERCASE with ;1 attached?
- 5.3.9 How can I start the PFS daemons automatically at system
- startup?
- 5.3.10 Where can I get updated disktab entries for third-party
- disks?
- 5.3.11 How can I determine whether a disk is bootable?
- 5.3.12 How do I defragment my filesystems?
- 5.4 Display
- 5.4.1 How do I define a new terminal type?
- 5.4.2 How can I change the video mode on my workstation?
- 5.5 Kernel Configuration
- 5.5.1 How can I tell if I have a 32-bit or 64-bit kernel?
- 5.5.2 How do I determine if a system supports a 32 and/or 64-bit
- kernel?
- + 5.5.3 Where can I find detailed documentation of the various kernel
- parameters?
- 5.6 Monitors, Diagnostics, and Performance
- 5.6.1 How can I look at what my system is doing?
- 5.6.2 What happened to the sysdiag command?
- 5.6.3 How can I improve overall system performance?
- 5.7 Networking and Communications
- 5.7.1 How can I change the order of hostname resolution?
- 5.7.2 How can I track network packets?
- 5.7.3 How to get the MAC address for a particular network
- interface?
- 5.7.4 Is there a Transport Level Interface (TLI) interface to
- TCP on HP-UX?
- 5.7.5 How do I disable IP Forwarding?
- 5.7.6 Why is ifconfig giving me errors when I try to configure
- my LAN?
- 5.7.7 How do I change the hostname, IP address, DNS Server, etc?
- 5.7.8 How do I determine the speed and duplexity of my network
- interface?
- 5.7.9 How do I display all active Internet (TCP and UDP)
- connections?
- 5.7.10 Can multiple IP addresses be configured on one interface?
- 5.7.11 How can I enable the LAN interface on a 700?
- 5.7.12 Where can I get STREAMS for HP-UX?
- ! 5.7.13 What version of BIND (named) comes with HP-UX?
- ! 5.7.14 What version of sendmail comes with HP-UX?
- ! 5.7.15 What version of NFS comes with HPUX?
- 5.7.16 What is the difference between automount and AutoFS?
- 5.7.17 Can I configure multiple network interfaces on the same
- subnet?
- 5.7.18 Does HP-UX come with a DHCP server?
- ! 5.7.19 Is there a port management tool / firewall for HP-UX?
- 5.8 Peripheral Devices
- 5.8.1 How do I use the floppy drive on my HP-UX workstation?
- 5.8.2 How can I format a floppy under HP-UX?
- 5.8.3 How can I get an Exabyte to work on an HP?
- 5.8.4 How can I get a stuck DDS tape out of the drive?
- 5.8.5 Do I need to terminate the internal SCSI on a 700?
- 5.8.6 How can I play audio CDs on an HP workstation's CD-ROM drive?
- 5.8.7 How can I set up /dev/audio to point to the external jack on
- a
- 700?
- 5.8.8 How can I configure the parallel port handshake on a 700?
- 5.8.9 What are the specs of the audio hardware on the 700 series?
- 5.8.10 Is there a trackball for the 700?
- 5.8.11 What keyboards and mice are compatible with HP9000
- workstations?
- ! 5.8.12 How do I change the keyboard type (e.g. from UK to German or
- vice versa) after HP-UX is already installed?
- 5.8.13 How do I ascertain which device file corresponds to my CD-ROM
- or DVD-ROM drive?
- 5.9 Printers and Plotters
- 5.9.1 What happened to lpr?
- 5.9.2 Why does lpstat report the printer down, even though it's
- not?
- 5.9.3 How can I turn off the LP banner page?
- 5.9.4 How can I print man pages without losing the formatting?
- 5.9.5 How can I view and print Postscript (.ps) files?
- 5.10 Process Management
- 5.10.1 How much memory can a process use?
- 5.10.2 Why do my processes keep dying at 64 MB memory usage?
- 5.10.3 How do I set per-process limits?
- 5.10.4 How can I tell what files, ports, etc.. a process has open?
- + 5.10.5 How can I get the ps command to display more than 64
- characters of process command lines?
- 5.11 Routine Tasks
- 5.11.1 How can I track log files and core files?
- 5.11.2 What's a good strategy for clearing /tmp and /var/tmp?
- 5.12 Software Management
- 5.12.1 General Software Management
- 5.12.1.1 Where can I find out more about Software Distributor
- (SD-UX)?
- 5.12.1.2 How can I tell what products have been loaded on my
- system?
- 5.12.1.3 How do I safely remove software from my system?
- 5.12.1.4 How is the unique node ID used for licensing
- determined?
- 5.12.1.5 What is Ignite-UX?
- 5.12.2 Patch Management
- 5.12.2.1 Where do I get HP-UX patches?
- 5.12.2.2 How can I list all installed patches?
- 5.12.2.3 How can I tell what patches are in the kernel?
- 5.12.2.4 How do I get rid of these old 10.x patches since I
- upgraded to 11.x?
- 5.12.2.5 How can I install multiple patches, without having to
- reboot more than once?
- 5.12.2.6 How do I configure swlist to not display superseded
- patches?
- 5.12.2.7 What is the naming convention used for HP-UX patch
- names?
- 5.12.2.8 Where can I get OpenView patches?
- 5.13 Time
- 5.13.1 How can I change the timezone?
- 5.13.2 How can I print yesterday's or tomorrow's date?
- 5.13.3 How can I convert a timestamp (seconds since the Epoch) to a
- date/time string?
- 5.13.4 What is the purpose of the 'timezone' and 'dst' kernel
- parameters?
- 5.14 Users and Groups
- 5.14.1 How can I tell if I need more than a 2-user license?
- 5.14.2 How can I set up group-based FTP access?
- 5.14.3 Has /etc/logingroup functionality changed in 11.x?
- 5.15 X-Windows and CDE
- 5.15.1 X Window System (X11)
- 5.15.1.1 Where can I get X11R6?
- 5.15.1.2 Where can I get the missing X11 header files?
- 5.15.1.3 How can I set up an HP-UX workstation as an X terminal?
- 5.15.1.4 How do I get a scroll bar on hpterms?
- 5.15.1.5 How can I change the title in my hpterm titlebar?
- 5.15.1.6 Why do my terminal windows keep going away by
- themselves?
- 5.15.1.7 How can I get console messages to go to an hpterm?
- 5.15.1.8 What's a good termcap entry for hpterm?
- 5.15.1.9 My screen is wedged. What should I do?
- 5.15.1.10 How can I get an X app to come up in an alternate
- workspace?
- 5.15.2 Common Desktop Environment (CDE)
- 5.15.2.1 What happened to VUE?
- 5.15.2.2 How do I start/stop/reset CDE (dtlogin)?
- 5.15.2.3 How can I enable/disable CDE (dtlogin)?
- 5.15.2.4 Why does id/groups not show secondary groups in
- dtterm/CDE?
- 5.15.2.5 How can I improve CDE's performance?
- 5.15.2.6 Is there a CDE FAQ?
- 5.15.2.7 When I log on to CDE, I want certain applications to
- automatically start. How can this be done ?
- 5.15.2.8 How do I get cut-n-paste to work correctly with CDE?
- 5.15.2.9 Why do NCD X-terminals hang when trying to connect via
- XDMCP to an HP-UX 10.20 host running CDE?
-
- 6. DEVELOPMENT
- 6.1 General
- 6.1.1 What threads support is provided?
- 6.1.2 What's the deal with _INCLUDE_xxxx_SOURCE?
- 6.1.3 Where can I find a list of all available system calls?
- 6.1.4 How can I tell if something was built debuggable?
- 6.1.5 Why is syslog() call not doing what i want it to?
- 6.1.6 How can I get C programs to automatically generate stack
- dumps?
- 6.1.7 HP C++ email discussion lists
- 6.1.8 HP-UX development email discussion lists
- 6.2 Compiling and Linking
- 6.2.1 Why is the default C compiler brain-dead?
- 6.2.2 How do I make Perl on HP-UX?
- 6.2.3 How do I deal with "too many defines"?
- 6.2.4 Why do I get "_builtin_va_start" undefined when I build with
- gcc?
- 6.2.5 Is there some kind of problem with using FLT_MIN in ANSI
- mode?
- 6.2.6 Why do I get the error "*Initialization*:1: missing
- token-sequence in `#assert'" when I compile with gcc?
- 6.2.7 How can I detect the HP-UX version at compile time?
- 6.3 Porting
- ! 6.3.1 Porting from an Earlier Release of HP-UX
- 6.3.2 Porting from Other Platforms (Solaris, AIX, etc..)
- 6.3.3 How do I know if binaries built on a one release of HP-UX are
- compatible with a different release of HP-UX?
- 6.4 Tools
- 6.4.1 Where can I get Interviews for HP-UX?
- 6.4.2 Is there a disassembler included with HP-UX?
-
- 7. APPS AND UTILS
- 7.1 Freeware
- 7.1.1 HP Freeware
- 7.1.1.1 Patches
- 7.1.1.2 Drivers
- 7.1.1.3 I heard there is a new ftpd available. Where do I get
- it?
- 7.1.1.4 HPRC FTP Site
- + 7.1.1.5 GNOME
- 7.1.2 Non-HP Freeware
- ! 7.1.2.1 The Software Porting And Archive Centre for HP-UX
- 7.1.2.2 InterWorks FTP site
- 7.1.2.3 Netperf
- 7.1.2.4 SLIP and CSLIP
- 7.1.2.5 PPP
- 7.1.2.6 SMTP
- 7.1.2.7 POP and IMAP
- 7.1.2.8 Sudo
- 7.1.2.9 Ntalk
- 7.1.2.10 TTCP
- 7.1.2.11 Free SCSI utilities for HP-UX workstations
- 7.1.2.12 PSCREEN/uX
- 7.1.2.13 GNU software
- ! 7.1.2.14 Web browsers
- 7.1.2.15 Miscellaneous freeware
- 7.1.2.16 RealAudio Player
- 7.1.2.17 CD Burning Software
- 7.2 Shareware
- 7.3 Commercial Software
- 7.3.1 HP Commercial Software
- 7.3.1.1 Where can I find release histories for various HP
- software products?
- + 7.3.1.2 Where can I find a list of all applications that are
- available for HP-UX?
- 7.3.2 Non-HP Commercial Software
- 7.3.2.1 Interex FastStart Toolbox
- 7.3.2.2 Is there anything remotely like the Apollo DM editor
- available?
-
- 8. MISCELLANEOUS
- 8.1 How can I find the HP-UX equivalent for a given
- Solaris/AIX/etc.. command?
- 8.2 What do I need to do to make my HP-UX system Year 2000
- compliant?
- 8.3 How do I boot into single user mode?
- 8.4 How can I send mail to an MPE/iX HPDESK address?
- 8.5 How can I limit core files?
- 8.6 How do I disable the Caps Lock key?
- 8.7 Why does my Korn shell login hang?
- 8.8 How can I avoid those annoying copyright notices on login?
- 8.9 How can I turn off quota checking?
- 8.10 Why can't I start Aserver?
- 8.11 How can I get a daemon to successfully start from an rc script?
- 8.12 How do I convert the uname string to a model string?
- 8.13 Is Perl included with HP-UX?
- 8.14 Why can't I type an '@' character?
- 8.15 Why can't I get my machine into boot admin mode?
- 8.16 What happened to "less"?
- 8.17 What should go in my PATH and MANPATH environment variables?
- 8.18 Why does the 10.x/11.x cksum command produce a different
- checksum than the 9.x cksum command?
- 8.19 Can I run Linux on an HP9000 system?
- 8.20 Can I run *BSD on an HP9000 system?
- 8.21 What happened to /usr/local? What are these /usr/contrib
- and /opt directories?
- 8.22 Is it OK to change root's shell?
- 8.23 Why does HP-UX 10 generate copious "Sti_save" syslog messages?
- 8.24 How can I tell which kernel was booted?
- 8.25 What is the equivalent of ldd under HP-UX?
- 8.26 How do I configure a program to automatically start up or
- shutdown when the system starts up or shuts down?
- 8.27 How can I do regular expression matching?
- 8.28 How can I play MP3s?
- 8.29 How can I use audio on HP-UX 10.x/11.x without a network?
- 8.30 Is there a tool to trace system calls?
- ! 8.31 What OS capacity limits exist?
- 8.32 How can I determine how much RAM my system has?
- 8.33 What are the various revisions of PA-RISC?
- 8.34 How do I find the clock speed of my system's CPU(s)?
- 8.35 How can I view/print PDF files?
- 8.36 How do I read an SGI-written tar format DDS tape?
- 8.37 Is the Euro supported?
- 8.38 How can I view various Windows-format files (Word docs,
- Excel spreadsheets, etc..) on an HP-UX system?
- 8.39 How is the system load average, as reported by the uptime
- and top commands, calculated?
- 8.40 Where can I get HP9000 firmware updates?
- 8.41 Where can I look up HP part numbers?
- 8.42 How can I create a /dev/zero special file?
- 8.43 Why is tail's output truncated for large amounts of input?
- ! 8.44 What commands or scripts exist for gathering and summarizing
- system information?
- 8.45 How can I convert numbers from one base to another?
- 8.46 What are the machine ID and serial number used for?
- 8.47 How can I tell what commands SAM is executing under the hood?
- 8.48 How can I view a file in octal or hexadecimal?
- + 8.49 How do I configure the kernel to write corefiles as core.<pid>?
- + 8.50 How do I analyze a system crash dump?
- ! 8.51 Is HP-UX free for non-profit users (students, hobbyists, etc..)?
- + 8.52 Where can I obtain a free HP-UX shell account?
- ! 8.53 How do I grep for an exact word as with "grep -w" in Linux?
-
- 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- 9.1 Contributors
- 9.2 Trademarks
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 3. GENERAL INFORMATION
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 3.1 What does HP-UX stand for?
- Added: 04/16/01
-
- HP-UX is short for Hewlett-Packard UNIX[R].
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 3.2 Where can I find a good overview of HP-UX?
- Updated: 08/23/01
-
- For starters, there is the HP-UX homepage:
-
- o <http://unix.hp.com/>
-
- Also, check out the HP-UX page at OSdata.com:
-
- o <http://osdata.com/oses/hpux.htm>
-
- If you have an HP-UX 11.x system, read the introduction(9) manpage. It
- contains a lot of good background information.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 3.3 What is the release history of HP-UX?
- Updated: 12/29/03
-
- Rel Date Major Features Introduced
- ==========================================================================
- 1.0 '83?
- 1.1 '83?
- 1.2 '83?
- 2.0 '83?
- 2.1 '84?
- 2.2 '84?
- 3.0 '84?
- 3.1 '85?
- 3.2 '85?
- 4.0 '85?
- 5.0 2H/85
- 5.05 '86?
- 5.1 '88
- 5.2 '89?
- 5.21 '89?
- 5.3 04/89
- 6.0 '89
- 6.0.1 '89
- 6.0.2 '89
- 6.1 '89
- 6.2 '89
- 6.3 '89
- 6.5 02/89
- 7.00 mid '90 Motif[R]
- 7.01 '89
- 7.02 '90
- 7.03 <08/89
- 7.04 '90
- 7.05 '90
- 7.06 '90
- 7.07 '90
- 7.08 '90
- 7.09 '90
- 8.00 01/91
- 8.01 '91
- 8.02 04/92
- 8.03 '91
- 8.04 '91
- 8.05 07/91
- 8.06 '92
- 8.07 '92
- 9.00 07/92 PA7100 support, POSIX[TM] shell, VUE 3.0, fastlinks,
- ioscan(1M), model(1)
- 9.01 '93 added hardware support
- 9.02 '93 added hardware support
- 9.03 '93 added hardware support, including support for floppy
- disks
- 9.04 11/93 added hardware support
- 9.05 11/93 added hardware support
- 9.06 '94
- 9.07 '94 Multi-Buffered-X, Single-Logical-Screen
- 9.08 '94
- 9.09 '94
- 9.10 03/95 10.x compatibility
- 10.00 03/95 SVR4 filesys layout, NFS, SD-UX, XNTP, traceroute(1M)
- 10.01 07/95 JFS(v2)
- 10.10 02/96 large filesys/physmem/dsize, NLS, SLVM, UNIX95, CDE(1.0),
- DHCP, perl(4)
- 10.20 08/96 JFSv3, large files/uids, MPC, RARP
- 10.30 08/97 kernel (POSIX) threads, NFS PV3, streams TCP/IP, ASE,
- PPP,
- Y2K compliance
- 11.00 11/97 64-bit OS, DLKM, iCOD, CDE 2.1
- 11.10 03/00 SCA, JFS 3.3, 128-CPU, AutoFS, new ftpd
- 11.11 11/00 OEs, SuperDome, IO board OLAR, dynamic tunables, TCP NFS,
- Linux APIs & ABIs, perl5, JRE(1.2.2.04), X11R6.2
- 11.20 06/01 IPF, BTL DLKM, kernel logging, VxVM
- 11.22 06/02 Itanium 2, MxN threads, 64-CPU, kernel config GUI, system
- inventory manager, IPv6, IPSec, CPU/RAM board OLAR (*)
- 11.23 '03? PA & IPF, select Tru64 components, 128-CPU (@), limited
- self-healing & self-tuning (@)
- 11.24? '04? TruCluster (@)
- 11.30 '05? complete self-healing & self-tuning (@)
-
- * Source: <http://www.interex.org/advocacy/survey/99uxsib.html>
- @ Source: <http://www.interex.org/hpworldnews/hpw207/news1.jsp>
-
- Hardware Processor HP-UX
- Platform Architecture Releases
- ==========================================================================
- Series 100 Motorola 680x0? n/a
- Series 200 Motorola 680x0 2.x, 5.1
- Series 300 Motorola 680x0 6.x, 7.x, 8.0/01/05/07, 9.0/01/03/10
- Series 400 Motorola 680x0 7.x, 8.0/01/05/07
- Series 500 HP Focus 1.x, 5.x
- Series 600 HP PA-RISC 2.x, 3.x, 7.0, 8.0/02/06, 9.0/02/04
- Series 700 HP PA-RISC 7.03/05/09, 8.0/01/05/07,
- 9.01/03/05/07/09, 10.x, 11.x
- Series 800 HP PA-RISC 1.x, 2.x, 3.x, 7.0, 8.0/02/06,
- 9.0/02/04, 10.x, 11.0/10/11/23
- Itanium Intel IPF 11.2x
-
- HP9000 Series 100 machines did not run HP-UX. They ran HPL, BASIC or
- Pascal. These languages were usually stored on disks and loaded from
- there, but you could also get the languages on plug-in ROM cards.
-
- Series 400 machines were basically HP9000/Apollo hybrids. The boot PROM
- contained support for two different modes - one for DomainOS (the native
- Apollo operating system) and one for HP-UX.
-
- Series 900 is the HP3000 family of business servers. These machines all
- run MPE/iX, not HP-UX. For more information on HP3000 and MPE/iX, see:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/go/hp3000>
- o <http://jazz.external.hp.com/>
- o <comp.sys.hp.mpe>
-
- s300 6.5 and s800 3.1 were both replaced by a supposedly converged HP-UX
- 7.0, but, in fact, there were significant differences, and not just
- because of the IO architectues.
-
- HP-UX releases <= 10.20 have been removed from the HP corporate price
- list
- (ie, they can no longer be purchased).
-
- HP-UX releases <= 10.00 have been classified as obsolete (ie, no longer
- supported by HP). 10.01/10/20 will be supported through June 30, 2003.
-
- For futher info on HP software discontinuance & obsolescense dates, see:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/history/slide2.html>
- o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/discon/index.htm>
-
- HP-UX 10.30 was a limited release intended for early access for 32-bit
- kernel threads development and testing, prior to the release of HP-UX
- 11.00. For this reason, it was discontinued and obsoleted fairly
- soon after the release of 11.00.
-
- HP-UX 11.10 was a limited release and is supported only on V2500 SCA and
- V2600 SCA servers. Prior to the release of 11.11, 11.10 came
- preinstalled
- on these systems. It was never available separately.
-
- HP-UX 11.11 and later is marketed as "HP-UX 11i." The "i" stands for
- "Internet" and is meant to convey that the OS is Internet-ready. Here
- are the mappings from 11i versions to HP-UX versions as reported by
- uname:
-
- 11i version Uname version CPU arch. Description
- ==========================================================================
- 1.0 11.11 PA OE Release
- 1.5 11.20 IPF Itanium Release
- 1.6 11.22 IPF Consolidation Release
- 2.0 11.23 IPF Consolidation Release
- 2T 11.24? PA+IPF Independence Release
- 3.0 11.30 PA+IPF
- TruCluster/Self-Healing/Tuning Release
-
- For a release history of HP-UX that includes discontinuance and
- obsolescence dates for the various releases, see:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/history/slide2.html>
-
- For more information on the various HP-UX releases, refer to:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/>
-
- A roadmap is available that outlines how Tru64 UNIX will be gradually
- merged into upcoming HP-UX releases:
-
- o <http://www.tru64.org/Compaq/tru64_roadmap.gif>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 3.4 Where can I find definitions of various HP-UX terms?
- Added: 04/16/01
-
- Refer to the glossary(9) manpage.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 3.5 What is HP's address and phone number?
- Updated: 10/09/01
-
- The address of HP Corporate Offices is:
-
- Hewlett-Packard Company
- 3000 Hanover Street
- Palo Alto, CA 94304-1185
-
- and the phone numbers are:
-
- o 650.857.1501 (8am-5pm PST)
- o Fax: 650.857.5518
-
- For general product information call:
-
- o 800.752.0900 (6am-5pm PST)
-
- For information on ordering HP manuals and supplies, call Parts Direct
- Ordering toll-free in the United States at:
-
- o 800.227.8164
-
- or visit the HP Parts homepage at:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/hps/parts/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 3.6 How does HP-UX rank among other enterprise Unixes?
- Added: 06/17/02
-
- The latest D.H. Brown report entitled "2002 UNIX Function Review" ranks
- HP-UX 11i #1, over Solaris 8, AIX 5.1, and Tru64 5.1, in all five
- categories - reliability, availability and serviceability; Internet and
- Web application services; directory and security services; systems
- management; and scalability.
-
- The press release is at:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/30may02b.htm>
-
- The report itself is available at:
-
- o <http://www.dhbrown.com/dhbrown/02UnixFunRev.cfm>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 3.7 How does the Compaq merger affect the HP-UX roadmap?
- Added: 06/17/02
-
- HP and Compaq both offered UNIX operating systems: HP-UX and Compaq Tru64
- UNIX.
-
- Decision: HP-UX will be the long-term UNIX for the new HP. Tru64 UNIX has
- some very advanced features -- including clustering and file systems --
- and some of those will be integrated into HP-UX over time.
-
- Rationale: HP-UX has a much larger market share and installed base of
- customers. It also has much broader ISV support than Tru64 UNIX.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4. RESOURCES
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.1 FAQs
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.1.1 Where can I get a copy of this FAQ file?
- Updated: 10/09/01
-
- An ASCII text version of this FAQ is available at:
-
- o <ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/faqs/hp/hpux-faq>
-
- An HTML version of this FAQ is available at:
-
- o <http://www.faqs.org/faqs/hp/hpux-faq/>
-
- A Japanese version of this FAQ is available from CUA (HP Computer Users
- Association); send mail to <tagami@jpn.hp.com>. The original translation
- was done by Masataka Isoya <masataka_isoya@hp.com>. Subsequent
- translations have been done by Kumiko Watanabe.
-
- o <http://www.hpcua.gr.jp/FREEFAQ.html>
-
- There is also a legacy version of this FAQ, which contains information
- on HP-UX 9.x and earlier. This is available at:
-
- o <http://www.geocities.com/ian_springer/legacy_hpux_faq.txt> (ASCII)
- o <http://www.geocities.com/ian_springer/legacy_hpux_faq.html> (HTML)
-
- Note, the legacy FAQ is no longer updated. It is archived for the benefit
- of those still running old versions of HP-UX.
-
- If all else fails, contact the maintainer.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.1.2 What other HP-UX-related FAQs exist?
- Updated: 11/10/03
-
- There is an HP-UX 11i FAQ at:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/workstations/risc/operating/hpux11i/faqs.html>
-
- There is a HP-UX on Itanium FAQ at:
-
- o
- <http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/tech/tech_TechDocumentDetailPage_IDX/1,1701,5142,00.html>
-
- HP provides an "HP-UX 11.x FAQ" on the HP-UX 11.x STK website. This FAQ
- focuses on differences between HP-UX 11.x and earlier releases of HP-UX.
- One subject that is covered throughly is upgrading to 11.x:
-
- o <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STK/hpux_faq.html>
-
- There is a "Certified for HP-UX FAQ" that discusses the offical
- certification of 3rd part applications for HP-UX:
-
- o <http://www.keylabs.com/certified4hp-ux/hpux_faq.html>
-
- There is an HP3000 FAQ available at:
-
- o <http://www.3k.com/faq/hpfaqi.html>
-
- CERN's IT department has assembled an HP-UX 10.0 FAQ, comprised of
- documents from HP ITRC:
-
- o <http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/pdp/ose/file/hpux10/tree.html>
-
- There is an Ignite-UX (IUX) FAQ available from HP:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/products/IUX/faq.html> (HTML)
- o <mailto:iux_faq@igniteux.fc.hp.com> (ASCII)
-
- There is a Java on HP-UX FAQ available from HP:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/java/java2/sdkrte1_3/faq.html>
-
- There are a number of FAQs describing building and/or using various 3rd
- party products on HP-UX:
-
- o Ximian GNOME for HP-UX 11.x FAQ:
- +
- <http://www.hp.com/workstations/support/software/hpux/gnome/doc.html#faq>
- o Building Mozilla on HP-UX FAQ:
- + <http://www.mozilla.org/unix/hpux.html>
- o Building Jikes on HP-UX FAQ:
- +
- <http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/faq/dev-hp-ux.shtml>
- o SarCheck for HP-UX FAQ:
- + <http://www.sarcheck.com/hptech.htm>
- o Domino for HP-UX FAQ:
- +
- <http://www.lotus.com/products/r5web.nsf/4efced3d866c2c2d852566cc0050ffd5/bff012fb1137d90f85256b4b00532f0a?OpenDocument>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.2 Web Sites
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.2.1 HP Sites
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.2.1.1 What is the URL of HP's main web site?
- Added: 04/10/01
-
- There are several mirrors, spread across various continents:
-
- o U.S.: <http://www.hp.com/> or <http://hp.com/>
- o Europe: <http://www.europe.hp.com/>
- o Asia: <http://www.asia.hp.com/>
-
- Russia and Germany also have their own translated mirrors:
-
- o Russia: <http://www.hp.ru/> (in Russian)
- o Germany: <http://www.hewlett-packard.de/> or
- <http://hewlett-packard.de/> (in German)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.2.1.2 Where can I browse HP documentation on the Web?
- Updated: 04/06/01
-
- The HP Technical Documentation website is at <http://docs.hp.com/>.
-
- Here you can browse, search, and view the latest product
- documentation and technical information about HP 9000 hardware
- and software products, either by topic or release.
-
- Included are installation guides, user guides, reference manuals,
- manual pages, tools, training, technical white papers, and FAQ's
- for both 10.x and 11.x releases.
-
- Note, many of the documents on <http://docs.hp.com/> are also distributed
- as part of the HP-UX media set, on the CD entitled "HP-UX Instant
- Information."
-
- There are several other HP sites that provide documentation:
-
- o HP Developer's Resource: <http://devresource.hp.com/>
- o HP Microprocessor Design Labs: <http://cpus.hp.com/>
- o HP Itanium[TM] Homepage: <http://ia-64.hp.com/>
- o HP OpenView Homepage: <http://openview.hp.com/> ("support" section)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.2.1.3 Where can I get support from HP on the Web?
- Updated: 10/09/01
-
- Go to the HP IT Resource Center (ITRC) web site; there are several
- mirrors:
-
- o America/Asia-Pacific <http://us.itrc.hp.com/> or
- Sites: <http://us-support.external.hp.com/> or
- <http://us-support2.external.hp.com/> or
- <http://us-support3.external.hp.com/> or
- <http://itresourcecenter.hp.com/>
- o European <http://europe.itrc.hp.com/> or
- Sites: <http://europe-support.external.hp.com/> or
- <http://europe-support2.external.hp.com/> or
-
- <http://www.itresourcecenter.hp.com/> or
- <http://www.itrc.hp.com/> or
- <http://itrc.hp.com/>
-
- NOTE: The America/Asia-Pacific ITRC sites do not share user registration
- data with the European ITRC sites. European support customers
- should register at and continue to use the European site, and
- Americas/Asia-Pacific support customers should register at and
- continue to use the Americas/Asia-Pacific site.
-
- The HP ITRC allows you to:
-
- o Resolve software problems by searching up-to-date support and
- problem-
- solving information, and by downloading the latest HP-UX patches
- o Browse news and current announcements
- o Subscribe to automatically receive the latest Hewlett-Packard support
- information
- o Log, track, and reply to non-urgent calls with the Response Center.
-
- HP's support offerings on the ITRC site are fairly extensive. Anyone can
- access the Patch Database, Support Information Digests, and certain
- portions of the Technical Knowledge Database.
-
- HP does require (free) registration to access anything on the ITRC.
- When you click on any of the links, it will ask you to either Enter as a
- Registered User, or Register Now.
-
- With a valid software agreement, you can also log non-urgent calls, and
- search more of the Technical Knowledge Database. You will also be able
- to access the Software Update Manager. With PSS or PAS level support,
- you are also able to access the Custom Patch Manager.
-
- If you do not have a software agreement, or you don't have the
- information for it, after you have registered and the ITRC has given you
- your userid, go back until you get the "Enter as a Registered User"
- choice again. (The only link on the page that gives you your userid
- tries to link you to a software agreement)
-
- The ITRC phone number for U.S. customers with support contracts is
- 800.633.3600. For a list of phone numbers for other countries see:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/racksolutions/pduprog/us/eng/callcenters.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.2.1.4 Other HP Sites
- Added: 04/17/01
-
- HP Software
- ===========
- HP Software Depot:
- o <http://software.hp.com/>
-
- HP Software Release Information:
- o <http://software.hp.com/SW-INFO/>
-
- Exploring HP-UX Releases and Media:
- o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/>
-
- HP OpenView Homepage:
- o <http://openview.hp.com/>
-
- HP Hardware
- ===========
- HP PartSurfer:
- o <http://partsurfer.hp.com/>
-
- HP Microprocessor Design Labs:
- o <http://cpus.hp.com/>
-
- HP Itanium[TM] Homepage:
- o <http://ia-64.hp.com/>
-
- General
- =======
- Search All of HP:
- o <http://search.hp.com/>
-
- HP Technical Computing Solutions Center:
- o <http://www.hp-tcsc.com/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.2.2 Non-HP Sites
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.2.2.1 EnterpriseUnix.org
- Added: 01/22/03
-
- EnterpriseUnix.org is a website for system administrators, developers,
- and enterprise managers, offering recent industry news, events, links,
- etc. related to the convergence of HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX running on the
- Itanium Processor Family.
-
- o <http://www.enterpriseunix.org/> or <http://www.hpunix.org/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.2.2.2 EPFL Support HP / HPLine
- Added: 04/16/01
-
- EPFL Support HP is a Swiss HP-UX Support Site that provides some useful
- information and links. Most of the site is in French, though some parts
- are in English.
-
- o <http://hpwww.epfl.ch/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.3 Newsgroups
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.3.1 List of HP-UX-related Usenet newsgroups
- Added: 04/19/01
-
- ------------------------------
-
- o <comp.sys.hp.hpux> newsgroup devoted to HP-UX
- o <comp.sys.hp.hardware> newsgroup devoted to HP hardware
- o <comp.sys.hp.apps> newsgroup devoted to HP applications
- o <japan.comp.hpux> HP-UX newsgroup for Japanese-speaking users
- o <pl.comp.os.hp-ux> HP-UX newsgroup for Polish-speaking users
- o <uvic.mlist.hpux-admin> Usenet gateway of the hpux-admin mailing list
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.3.2 What is HP's involvement in the HP-related newsgroups?
-
- HP does not, to my knowledge, have a formal policy regarding employee
- involvement in the HP-related newsgroups. There is significant activity
- from HP employees, typically Response Center engineers and lab engineers.
- Much of the information in this document originally came from internal
- HP sources.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.3.3 The ITRC HP-UX Forum
- Updated: 01/23/03
-
- The HP-UX Forum on the HP ITRC web site contains a wealth of useful
- information:
-
- o <http://forums.itrc.hp.com/cm/FamilyHome/0,,117,00.html>
-
- As with all ITRC pages, you must be registered on the ITRC in order to
- access it.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.4 Mailing Lists
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.4.1 HPUX-Admin Mailing List
- Updated: 04/30/02
-
- Bart Muyzer runs an HP-UX system administration mailing list. In short,
- the purpose of the mailing list is to discuss matters related to HP-UX
- System Administration.
-
- o Example topics:
- * Discussing debugging/problem solving
- * How do I port application this-and-this to HP-UX?
- * What patch(es) should I install to solve a problem?
- * Discussing the (un)desired effects of patches
- * HP-UX specific security issues
-
- o URLs:
- * <mailto:hpux-admin@dutchworks.nl>
- - To send a message to ALL MEMBERS of the list.
- * <mailto:majordomo@dutchworks.nl> (enter commands in body of message)
- - To subscribe to HP-UX Administrators Mailing List:
- subscribe hpux-admin [email_address]
- - To subscribe to the Digest of HP-UX Administrators Mailing List:
- subscribe hpux-admin-digest [email_address]
- - email_address is optional and, when left out, will be set to the
- contents of your "From: " line.
- - To retrieve the list charter:
- get hpux-admin hpux-admin-policy
- - To get a list of available commands:
- help
- * <http://www.dutchworks.nl/htbin/hpsysadmin/>
- - Browse & search the archives.
- * <ftp://ftp.dutchworks.nl/pub/digests/hpux-admin/>
- - Back issues are available in /pub/digests/hpux-admin/vNN.nMMM
- (where "NN" is the volume number, and "MMM" is the issue number).
- - The back issues are also available through majordomo's "get"
- command.
-
- Problems, questions, suggestions and the like should go to the address
- <mailto:owner-hpux-admin@dutchworks.nl>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.4.2 HP 9000 series 500 Mailing List
-
- There is a mailing list dedicated to the HP 9000 series 500 (HP Focus)
- machine. The purpose of the list is:
-
- o to provide help on porting software to this dated machine
- o to discuss the HP 9000 series 500
-
- To get on (or off) the list, send email to
- <hp9000-500-request@nvc.cc.ca.us>
- with the word
- subscribe (or unsubscribe)
- in the subject line.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.4.3 HPMINI-L Mailing List
- Added: 04/16/01
-
- The HPMINI-L Mailing List is dedicated to topics directly relating to
- Hewlett-Packard workstations, primarily those running HP-UX. The list
- homepage is:
-
- o <http://www.am.qub.ac.uk/world/lists/hpmini-l/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.5 Periodicals
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.5.1 hp-ux/usr
- Updated: 03/29/01
-
- - A newsletter devoted to HP-UX, published by Interex in hardcopy form
- &
- online -
-
- The archives can be viewed, by Interex members only, at:
-
- o <http://www.interex.org/hpuxusr/>
-
- Interex also publishes several other magazines related to HP-UX. For
- a complete list, see:
-
- o <http://www.interex.org/publications/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.5.2 The HP Chronicle
- Updated: 01/23/03
-
- The HP Chronicle was a tabloid-sized newspaper containing news from HP
- and other vendors of compatible hardware, software and peripherals -
- recently acquired and dissolved by ServerWorld Magazine. Archive issues
- can be viewed at:
-
- o <http://www.serverworldmagazine.com/hpchronicle/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.6 Books
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.6.1 HP-UX 11.x Books
-
- "HP-UX 11i System Administration Handbook and Toolkit", with CD (Audio)
- by Marty Poniatowski, 03/01
- ISBN: 0130600814
-
- "HP-UX 11.x System Administration: How To Book", 2nd Edition
- by Marty Poniatowski, 12/18/98
- ISBN: 0130125156
-
- "The HP-UX 11.x System Administration Handbook and Toolkit"
- by Marty Poniatowski, 06/18/99
- ISBN: 0130125148
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.6.2 HP-UX 10.x Books
-
- "Learning the HP-UX Operating System"
- by Marty Poniatowski, 07/18/96
- ISBN: 0132585340
-
- "HP-UX 10.X System Administration: How To Book"
- by Marty Poniatowski, 10/95
- ISBN: 0131258737
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.6.3 HP-UX 10.x/11.x Books
- Updated: 04/01/01
-
- "Disk and File Management Tasks on HP-UX"
- by Tom Madell, 10/96
- ISBN: 013518861X
-
- HP-UX Tuning and Performance: Concept, Tools, and Methods
- By Robert F. Sauers and Peter S. Weygant, 06/99
- ISBN: 0131027166
-
- "Clusters for High Availability: A Primer of HP-UX Solutions", 2nd
- Edition
- by Peter S. Weygant, 04/11/01
- ISBN: 0130893552
-
- "HP-UX System and Administration Guide"
- by Jay Shah, 12/96
- ISBN: 0070572771
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.6.4 CDE Books
- Updated: 04/02/01
-
- "Configuring CDE: The Common Desktop Environment"
- by Charles Fernandez, 06/14/96
- ISBN: 0131027247
-
- "Common Desktop Environment 1.0: Advanced User's and System
- Administrator's Guide"
- by CDE Documentation Group, 07/95
- ISBN: 020148952X
-
- "CDE and Motif: A Practical Primer"
- by Antonino N. Mione, 12/97
- ISBN: 0137608284
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.6.5 Books from HP
- Added: 04/10/01
-
- Prentice Hall PTR publishes books for technical professionals with the
- imprint Hewlett-Packard Professional Books. These books are generally
- written by HP employees, often the engineers who helped devlop the
- product(s) being discussed.
-
- For a list of all titles, go to:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/hpbooks/>
-
- All of the books are available for purchase from Amazon.com Books
- (<http://books.amazon.com/>).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.6.6 HP Product Manuals
- Added: 04/10/01
-
- On HP-UX 11.00 and earlier, refer to manuals(5) for a list of all HP-UX-
- related manuals, and the corresponding HP part numbers.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.7 Local Files
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.7.1 The HP-UX Reference Manual
- Updated: 09/12/03
-
- An online version of the HP-UX Reference Manual is installed as part of
- HP-UX. The HP-UX Reference is divided into eight major sections:
-
- o Section 1: User Commands
- o Section 1M: System Administration Commands
- o Section 2: System Calls
- o Section 3: Library Functions
- o Section 4: File Formats
- o Section 5: Miscellaneous
- o Section 7: Device Special Files
- o Section 9: Introduction and Glossary
-
- Sections are further divided into many individual entried called manual
- pages, or simply manpages. Manpages can be viewed using the man command.
- For more information on manpages, see man(1) - ie:
-
- $ man man
-
- On 11.x, also see introduction(9).
-
- Addtionally, hyperlinked HTML versions of the 10.x and 11.x reference
- manuals can be viewed online at:
-
- o http://docs.hp.com/hpux/os/man_pages.html
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.7.2 /usr/share/doc
- Added: 04/17/01
-
- On HP-UX 10.00 and later, the /usr/share/doc directory contains HP-UX
- release notes and technical whitepapers. Most of the documents are in
- ASCII text format. On 10.x, some of the documents are in PCL format. On
- 10.x and 11.00, several of the documents are in PostScript format. And
- on
- 11.11, a few of the documents are in PDF format.
-
- The text (.txt) files can be readily viewed using a variety of viewers
- (more, pg, vi, etc..). The PCL, PostScript, and PDF files are meant to
- be printed out, not viewed online. In order to view them online, you
- would need to install third-party applications such as GhostScript and
- GhostView. You would also need to have a graphical display and have an
- X server running.
-
- Hewlett Packard Printer Control Language (.pcl) files can be printed on
- any HP printer. If you have a non-HP printer, you can use GhostScript,
- or a number of other programs, to convert the PCL to PostScript.
-
- PostScript (.ps) files can be printed on any printer that supports
- PostScript However, it is not necessary to have a PostScript-compatible
- printer. There are public domain programs, for example, GhostScript,
- that
- can convert PostScript to other printer languages, such as PCL.
-
- To print Portable Document Format (.pdf) files, download and install
- Adobe[R] Acrobat[R] Reader (see question 8.35). Alternatively, you can
- use GhostScript to convert from PDF to PostScript or PCL.
-
- Now that you know how to view and print the documents, here is a listing
- of the documents you'll find in /usr/share/doc on 11.00, 11.11, and
- 10.20:
-
- 11.00
- =====
- 11.00RelNotes Release Notes for HP-UX 11.0, 3rd Edition - '98
- NTP_Primer.txt Network Time Protocol on HP-UX
- RelNotesNFS_TCP.txt Release Notes for NFS over TCP Enablement
- Functionality - 02/00
- RelNotes_newftp.txt Release Notes for ftp - 06/98
- bind496.txt BIND 4.9.6 Features : Summary Information - 10/97
- boot.txt HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) System Boot and Startup White
- Paper - 04/96
- configure.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) CONFIGURATION/STARTUP FILES
- doc_map.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) Documentation Map (06/97)
- euro_howto.txt How to Setup Euro Enablement for the First Time
- euro_relnotes.txt Release Notes for Euro-Software Patch
- file_sys.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) File System Layout White Paper
- - 04/95
- iconv.txt HP-UX 10.x (and 11.x) Iconv Customization
- lg_files.txt(ps) HP-UX Large Files White Paper, v1.4 - '97
- libc_y2k.txt Programming For the Year 2000: HP-UX Standard C
- Libraries White Paper, v1.9 - 02/97
- links.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Start/Kill Sequence Numbers -
- 05/96
- mem_mgt.txt(ps) HP-UX Memory Management White Paper, v1.3 - 04/97
- mem_wndws.txt 11.0 Memory Windows White Paper
- mp.txt(ps) HP-UX MultiProcessing White Paper, v1.3 - 04/97
- nls_locale.txt Locale Methods Customization
- pamized_rcom_readme.txt PAMized rexecd and remshd
- panics.txt HP-UX 11.0 System Panics White Paper, 3rd edition -
- 09/97
- partner_info.txt HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Startup and Configuration
- Developer Check List
- patch_pgrm.txt [1] HP-UX 10.X Patch Program White Paper, 4th edition -
- 06/97
- proc_mgt.txt(ps) HP-UX Process Management White Paper, v1.3 - 04/97
- sendmail8-8_delta.txt What's New in HP-UX sendmail-8.8.6?
- sendmail8-9_delta.txt What's New In HP-UX Sendmail 8.9.3?
- sendmail8-9_release.txt HP-UX Sendmail 8.9.3 Release Notes - 09/99
- sequence.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Start/Kill Sequence Links -
- Order Paradigms
- start_up.txt(ps) HP-UX 10.X (and 11.x) Startup and Configuration
- sw_patches.txt HP-UX 11.0 Version B.11.00 Patch List - 09/97
- sys_crash.txt HP-UX 11.x System Crash Dump
- 11dev.ps HP-UX 11.00 Software Developer's Guide - 10/16/97
- 64bit_driver_migration.ps How to Write a 64-bit Clean IO Driver for
- HP-UX: A 32-bit to 64-bit I/O Driver Migration
- Guide - 12/06/96
- V.4version.ps Steps to Version Your Shared Library (using V.4
- Versioning)
- dev_apps.ps File Sharing and Other Helpful Facts for HP-UX 10.0
- Software Developers, v1.0 - 09/29/94
- iop.ps Application Interoperability White Paper, v1.0 -
- 09/05/97
- ux95.ps Programming for UNIX 95 and HP-UX Binary
- Compatibility - 05/22/96
-
- NOTES:
- [1] Patch PHCO_22044 will upgrade this paper to the current version:
- patch_pgrm.txt (1) HP-UX 11.X Patch Program White Paper, 2nd edition -
- 04/98
-
- In 11.11, HP has removed most of the whitepapers from /usr/share/doc/ and
- recommends viewing up-to-date versions of the documents on
- <http://docs.hp.com/> instead. Nonetheless, there are still a number of
- useful documents in /usr/share/doc/:
-
- files that are new in 11.11
- ===========================
- README HP-UX 11i /usr/share/doc/README - 11/00
- 11iRelNotes.txt(html) HP-UX 11i Release Notes, 1st Edition - 12/00
- 11.00RelNotes Release Notes for HP-UX 11.0, 6th Edition - 10/97
- 11iSRB.txt A pointer to the HP ITRC
- (<http://us.itrc.hp.com/>)
- Previously, the 11.00SRB.Z (Software Release
- Bulletin) listed all known defects. This list is
- always changing, and there is no equivalent 11i
- version of 11.00SRB.Z.
- ASX-JPN Japanese System Environment (JSE) A.02.60 Release
- Notes
- ASX-JPN-E(S) same as above (Japanese)
- ASX-KOR Korean System Environment (KSE) A.02.60 Release
- Notes
- ASX-SCH Simplified Chinese System Environment (SSE)
- A.02.60
- Release Notes
- ASX-TCH Traditional Chinese System Environment (TSE)
- A.02.60 Release Notes
- ASX-UTF8 Asian System Environment (ASE) Unicode Release
- Notes
- PAMKerberosRelNotes.pdf PAM Kerberos Release Notes, Edition 2 - 12/00
- PRINT-ASE-NOTE Obsolescence announcement of printing options of
- Asian System Environments (ASEs)
- PRINTER-JPN-E(S) Printers supported by JSE (Japanese)
- SETNETLP_Guide-E(S) setnetlp(1M) Guide for JSE (Japanese)
- TechPrtServ/C/RelNotes Technical Print Service Release Notes
- TechPrtServ/C/tpsGuide.ps(pcl) Technical Print Service System
- Administrator's Guide,
- 1st Edition - 03/97
- planning_SuperDome_configs.pdf Planning SuperDome Configurations,
- Edition 1 - 10/00
- sw_patches.txt HP-UX 11i Version 1 Patch List - 09/00
-
- files in 10.20, that are no longer included in 11.x
- ===================================================
- 10.20RelNotes Release Notes for HP-UX 10.20, 4th Edition - 06/96
- 10.20SRB HP-UX 10.20 Software Release Bulletin
- (lists all known defects)
- RelNotesHWE.txt Release Notes for HP-UX 10.20 Hardware Extensions
- 2.0 (April 1998)
- 10.20HWE1.1_RelNotes HP-UX 10.20 Hardware Extensions 1.1 Release Notes
- -
- 02/98
- Extension_Software/xx/XSW[78]00GR1020.readme HP-UX 10.20 Extension
- Software Release xx README
- NFS.ps Installing and Administering NFS Services, HP 9000
- Networking - 02/98
- NFSD_Concepts_Admin.ps NFS Diskless Concepts and Administration White
- Paper - '94
- NFS_Client_Server.ps NFS Client/Server Configuration Topology and
- Performance Tuning Guide White Paper, Rev. 1.1 -
- 08/29/95
- bog.txt(ps).Z Name Server Operations Guide for BIND Release
- 4.9.5
- dev_apps.ps File Sharing & Other Helpful Facts for HP-UX 10.0
- Software Developers, v1.0 - '94
- patch_pgrm.txt HP-UX 10.0 Patch Program White Paper, 3rd Edition
- -
- 09/95
- rfc1034.Z RFC 1034: DOMAIN NAMES - CONCEPTS & FACILITIES -
- 11/87
- rfc1035.Z RFC 1035: DOMAIN NAMES - IMPLEMENTATION &
- SPECIFICATION - 11/87
- rfc1535.Z RFC 1535: A Security Problem and Proposed
- Correction With Widely Deployed DNS Software -
- 10/93
- sendmail8-7_manual.ps(pcl) Installing and Administering sendmail 8.7
- sw_patches.txt HP-UX 10.20 Patch List - 06/96
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.8 Conferences and Workshops
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.8.1 HP World Conference & Expo
- Updated: 03/17/01
-
- The next HP World conference is August 20-24, 2001 in Chicago, IL.
- You can find more details about the conference and register on the Web at
- <http://www.hpworld.com/>, or by contacting Interex (see subject 4.3).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.8.2 InterWorks Conference
- Updated: 03/17/01
-
- The next InterWorks conference is at the Hyatt Regency, San Francisco,
- CA,
- May 6-9, 2001. The annual InterWorks Conference is internationally
- recognized as the best place for technical professionals using HP
- technology to get in-depth training on today's most compelling computing
- issues. As an attendee, you'll gather the technical tips and techniques
- that can make your environment perform optimally. HP-UX, Linux[R], and
- Windows[R] 2000/NT[R] are just some of the critical topics that will be
- explored during the 4-day event. For more details go to
- <http://www.interex.org/conference/iworks2001/>, or contact Interex (see
- subject 4.3).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.8.3 HP/Works Technical Workshops
- Updated: 04/02/01
-
- HP/Works holds technical workshops throughout the year. For a schedule
- of
- past and upcoming events, visit:
-
- o <http://www.hpworks.org.uk/events/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.9 Courses on HP-UX
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.9.1 Courses offered by HP
- Updated: 04/02/01
-
- HP offers many courses related to HP-UX. For details, visit the
- following
- web sites:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/education/>
- o <http://education.itresourcecenter.hp.com/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.10 Organizations
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.10.1 Organizations within the U.S.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.10.1.1 Interex, The International Association of
- Hewlett-Packard Computing Professionals
- Updated: 04/02/01
-
- The Independent Association of Hewlett-Packard Computing Professionals,
- known as Interex, has a worldwide membership of more than 18,000.
- It is a not-for-profit, 20 year old organization. Interex has a monthly
- publication called "HP World", as well as a detailed technical
- publication
- called "hp-ux/usr". Interex sponsors the HP World and InterWorks
- conferences. For detailed information about Interex, including how to
- become a member, see the web site at:
-
- o <http://www.interex.org/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.10.1.2 InterWorks
- Updated: 04/03/01
-
- InterWorks, formerly the Apollo Domain User's Society (ADUS), was
- originally formed to provide a users group specifically for HP
- workstation users. Over the course of the past few years the
- organization has been merged into Interex (see question 4.10.1.1 for
- more about Interex).
-
- Despite InterWorks having been absorbed into Interex, the InterWorks
- anonymous FTP site _is_ still up and running:
-
- o <ftp://interworks.org/pub/comp.hp/>
-
- See Item 4.13 for a more detailed description of this site's content.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.10.2 Organizations outside the U.S.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.10.2.1 Interex Netherlands HP User Group (AKA DutchWorks)
- Updated: 03/26/01
-
- The Interex Netherlands HP User Group, also known as DutchWorks, was
- formed to provide a users group for technical users. It represents
- technical HP users of HP9000 Workstations and Servers, Instrument
- Controllers (RTE, HP-RT, RM BASIC, etc.), and Vectra PC's. The group
- has a BBS which maintains a library of HP-UX, DOMAIN, RTE and BASIC
- software. Since October '94, it also runs a full mirror of the Liverpool
- HP-UX Archive (<http://hpux.tn.tudelft.nl/>). The URL for the DutchWorks
- website is <http://www.dutchworks.nl/>.
-
- Membership details are available from:
-
- Hans Hartwijk,
- Weidezoom 11,
- 2742 EX Waddinxveen
- The Netherlands
- 31 (0)1828 15086
-
- or by e-mail to <mailto:jaap@klft.tn.tudelft.nl> (Jaap Kooman, chair
- DutchWorks)
-
- DutchWorks also sponsors the HP-UX Administrators Mailing List
- (hpux-admin) mailing list. Subject 4.20 of this FAQ contains information
- on this mailing list.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.10.2.2 HP/Works
- Updated: 04/02/01
-
- HP/Works is the HP Technical Computing User Group, based in the UK. It
- is
- an independent group, supporting all users of HP and Apollo computer
- systems - running the HP-UX, DOMAIN, Linux or NT operating systems -
- throughout Europe. Also supported are those who use HP products, such as
- OpenView.
-
- For further information, visit the HP/Works web site:
-
- o <http://www.hpworks.org.uk/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.10.2.3 Japanese HP Computer Users Association
- Updated: 09/12/03
-
- As of March 31, 2002, the CUA is no longer operational.
-
- However, the web site may still be accessed at:
-
- o <http://www.hpcua.gr.jp/>
-
- and you may or may not be able to contact someone by emailing
- <mailto:info@hpcua.gr.jp>.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.11 Third-Party Vendors
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4.11.1 Hewlett-Packard Vendor Listing
- Added: 03/24/01
-
- There is an extensive listing of third-party HP vendors that is
- maintained
- by volunteers and updated on a regular basis:
-
- o <http://www.triolet.com/HPVend/hpvend.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5. SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1 Auditing and Security
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.1 How do group privileges work?
- Updated: 07/11/01
-
- HP-UX 9.0 and later allows special attributes to be associated with
- groups, which allows some superuser-like capabilities to be controlled by
- defining which groups they are accessible from. In this way it becomes
- possible to distribute superuser accessible commands to other users
- without allowing them full access to all other superuser capabilities.
- Implicitly, the super-user is a member of ALL groups.
-
- This allows some (slight) relaxing of UNIX's 'all or nothing' approach to
- distributing privileged capabilities. Privileged groups are an HP-UX-
- specific feature.
-
- Here is a list of group privileges available in various releases of
- HP-UX,
- along with a brief description of the system capabilities that they
- control:
-
- 9.0 and later
- =============
- o PRIV_RTPRIO - can use rtprio() to set real-time priorities (see
- rtprio(1) and rtprio(2))
-
- o PRIV_MLOCK - can use plock() to lock process text and data into
- memory, and the shmctl() SHM_LOCK function to lock
- shared
- memory segments (see plock(2) and shmctl(2))
-
- o PRIV_CHOWN - can use chown() to change file ownerships (see chown(1)
- and chown(2))
-
- o PRIV_LOCKRDONLY - can use lockf() to set locks on files that are open
- for reading only (see lockf(2))
-
- o PRIV_SETRUGID - can use setuid() and setgid() to change,
- respectively,
- the real user ID and real group ID of a process (see
- setuid(2) and setgid(2))
-
- 10.0 and later
- ==============
- o PRIV_MPCTL - can use mpctl() to change the processor assignment,
- locality domain assignment, or launch policy of another
- process (see mpctl(2))
-
- o PRIV_RTSCHED - can use sched_setparam() and sched_setscheduler() to
- set POSIX.4 real-time priorities (see rtsched(1) and
- rtsched(2))
-
- o PRIV_SERIALIZE - can use serialize() to force the target process to
- run serially with other processes that are also
- marked by this system call (see serialize(1),
- serialize(2))
-
- 11.0 and later
- ==============
- o PRIV_SPUCTL - can use spuctl() (undocumented) to control SPU
- allocation (see /usr/include/sys/spuctl.h)
-
- 11i and later
- =============
- o PRIV_FSSTHREAD - can use fss() (undocumented) to control fair share
- scheduler (see /usr/include/sys/fss.h)
-
- o PRIV_PSET - can use pset_*() (undocumented) to control processor set
- (see /usr/include/sys/pset.h)
-
- Group privileges can be granted to individual groups, or globally (ie -
- to
- all groups, and hence, all users).
-
- Although this doesn't appear to be covered by any HP documentation, it
- appears that users are assigned the group privileges associated with
- their primary group ID, and of all secondary groups defined within file
- /etc/logingroup.
-
- By default, the setprivgrp command changes are no longer effective once
- you reboot your system. However, you can execute the command
- '/sbin/init.d/set_prvgrp start' to ensure that the privilege group
- changes
- are permanent. /sbin/init.d/set_prvgrp runs '/usr/sbin/setprivgrp -f
- /etc/privgroup'. The /etc/privgrp file should contain one or more lines
- in the following format:
-
- groupname [privileges]
- -g [privileges]
- -n [privileges]
-
- Each line in privgrp must end with a newline character. The syntax for
- 'groupname' and 'privileges' is described in the "Options and Arguments"
- section of setprivgrp(1M).
-
- If the /etc/privgrp is not found when the system boots, the PRIV_CHOWN
- privilege is automatically enabled globally (as if '-g CHOWN' was
- specified). Furthermore, by default, /etc/privgrp does NOT exist.
-
- The group privilege feature is often used to secure the chown command,
- which has the potential to be misused. The chown command may be used to
- change the owner ID of a file (or files) to another specified owner. As
- mentioned above, by default, PRIV_CHOWN is granted globally. Hence, the
- chown command may be used by any user to assign ownership of their own
- files to any other user, including root.
-
- For example, HP-UX's disk-space accounting facility may be used to report
- the total disk usage of all users. It's possible for users to conceal
- their total disk usage by using the chown command to assign the ownership
- of their own files to other users.
-
- On BSD-derived UNIX implementations, chown usage is limited to super-
- users only. By removing the global group privilege PRIV_CHOWN using the
- setprivgrp command, it's also possible to close this loophole on HP-UX,
- by limiting usage of the chown command to users who are members of
- specified groups only. This can be achieved as follows:
-
- # echo "-n CHOWN" >>/etc/privgrp
- # /sbin/init.d/set_prvgrp start
-
- HP-UX documentation recommends that you not rely on the privileged group
- mechanism to restrict access to the setuid and setgid system calls.
- They do not guarantee that group privileges will be supported by future
- releases of HP-UX.
-
- For more information, see getprivgrp(1), setprivgrp(1M), getprivgrp(2),
- setprivgrp(2), and privgrp(4).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.2 Why are mail files in /var/mail owned by 'daemon' instead
- of the recipient?
-
- The mail delivery agent /bin/rmail needs to be able to chown(2) these
- files. It can not do so if you have removed the privilege CHOWN (see
- setprivgrp(1m); removing CHOWN is recommended to prevent cheating on disk
- quotas). To get around this, noting that /bin/rmail runs setgid to group
- mail, you can grant privilege CHOWN to group mail only by inserting the
- line "mail CHOWN" in /etc/privgroup. The change takes effect on the next
- reboot, or immediately if you execute the command
- "setprivgrp -f /etc/privgroup".
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.3 How can I restrict regular users from logging in at the
- console?
- Added: 04/02/01
-
- For a terminal console
- ======================
- If the /etc/securetty file is present, login security is in effect.
- User root is only allowed to log in successfully on the ttys listed in
- this file. Restricted ttys are listed by device name, one per line.
- Valid tty names are dependent on the installation. So to restrict root
- logins to only the console:
-
- # echo console >/etc/securetty
-
- The use of /etc/securetty is documented in login(1).
-
- For a CDE console
- =================
- Create a file named 'nologin' in /etc/:
-
- # >/etc/nologin
-
- Then add something like this to your /etc/dt/config/Xstartup file:
-
- if pwget -n "$USER" | awk -F: '{exit !($3 == 0)}'; then
- if [ -f /etc/nologin ] || \
- grep '^console$' /etc/securetty >/dev/null 2>&1; then
- echo "[$(date)] non-root login attempt from CDE console -" \
- "access denied" >>/var/adm/console_login_attempts_log
- exit 1
- fi
- fi
-
- See dtlogin(1) for a detailed description of the Xstartup file.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.4 How can I disable non-root logins?
-
- Add the following to /etc/profile, then 'touch /etc/nologin'; this will
- disable all new logins, except by root:
-
- uid=`id -u`
- if [ -f /etc/nologin -a $uid -ne 0 ]; then
- echo "Sorry, no logins allowed; try later!"
- sleep 5
- exit 0
- fi
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.5 Where can I find a list of all patches corresponding to
- security advisories?
- Updated: 11/13/01
-
- See the HP-UX Patch Security Matrix at:
-
- o
- <http://us.itrc.hp.com/cki/bin/doc.pl/sid=9cc8a9cd05f671d16f/screen=ckiSecurityBulletin/?docId=PATCHMATRIX>
- - or -
- o <ftp://ftp.itrc.hp.com/export/patches/hp-ux_patch_matrix/>
-
- Also, if you are running 11.x, HP provides a free utility called
- security_patch_check that will report any security patches that are
- missing from your system. To download this utility, go to:
-
- o
- <http://software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?productNumber=B6834AA>
-
- The security patch check tool requires that Perl 5.005 or higher,
- as well as several Perl modules, be installed on the system that is
- being checked. An HP-UX depot containing all of the required
- dependencies is available at:
-
- o
- <http://www.software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?productNumber=PERL>
-
- security_patch_check is only able to analyze patches. Some HP Security
- Bulletins contain manual actions which cannot be analyzed in an automated
- fashion. An archive of all previously released HP security bulletins is
- available at:
-
- o <http://itrc.hp.com/cki/bin/doc.pl/screen=ckiSecurityBulletin>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.6 How can I protect my systems against SATAN?
- Added: 04/17/01
-
- Read CIAC Information Bulletin F-19 ("Protecting HP-UX Systems Against
- SATAN") at:
-
- o <http://ciac.llnl.gov/ciac/bulletins/f-19.shtml>
-
- NOTE: This whitepaper was written in '95, so some of the information
- contained in it may no longer apply.
-
- To find out more about SATAN, visit SATAN's homepage:
-
- o <http://www.fish.com/satan/>
-
- Also, for those less inclined toward evil, check out the SAINT homepage:
-
- o <http://www.wwdsi.com/saint/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.7 What are the major differences between trusted and
- non-trusted systems?
- Added: 05/15/01
-
- 1. A trusted system allows system auditing to be turned on.
- System auditing enables the ability to trace every system call
- issued by each user on the system. Non-trusted systems run
- with system auditing disabled.
-
- 2. Trusted systems have improved password management.
-
- Below is a list of password management features:
-
- a. Specification of a grace period and expiration period for
- passwords.
-
- b. The ability to specify system-wide password aging.
-
- c. The ability to specify an absolute account life.
-
- d. The ability to disable accounts after repeated login
- failures.
-
- e. Passwords lengths of up to forty (40) characters.
-
- f. The ability to access a random password generator.
-
- 3. Trusted systems have additional login restrictions, while
- non-trusted systems do not. Below are the features of
- trusted system login restrictions:
-
- a. In addition to account disabling, the account may also be
- locked.
-
- b. Setting accounts to be accessed only at certain times of
- the day.
-
- c. The ability to specify account location access. In other
- words, account access at specific devices, workstations,
- and so on.
-
- d. The ability to specify a single-user boot password.
-
- Note: These login restrictions are NOT available on
- NON-TRUSTED systems.
-
- 4. A trusted system has shadowed passwords, while a non-trusted
- system does not have shadowed passwords. Shadowed passwords
- are kept in locations other than /etc/passwd. This prevents
- users from viewing the /etc/passwd file and determining which
- accounts do not have passwords. This also prevents hackers from
- running "password cracker programs" against passwords in the
- /etc/passwd file.
-
- For more information, please refer to the following document:
-
- "Administering Your HP-UX Trusted System"
-
- The document is located at the following web site:
-
- o <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90121/B2355-90121.html>
-
- Locate the "Description of the HP-UX Trusted System" section in
- the left menu. The following two pages contain more information:
-
- o What is a Trusted System?
-
- o What is C2-Level Trusted Mode?
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.8 How can I configure things like minimum password length,
- password history, and maximum simultaneous logins?
- Updated: 04/22/03
-
- These settings, along with several others, can be configured via the
- security defaults configuration file /etc/default/security.
-
- The 'security' file was introduced, undocumented, by patches to 11.00,
- the
- latest iterations being:
-
- o PHCO_16127 (su(1) cumulative patch)
- o PHCO_24083 (login(1) cumulative patch)
- o PHCO_24390 (libpam and libpam_unix cumulative patch)
-
- The functionality added by these patches is included in 11i. It is also
- fully documented via the security(4) manpage, available online at:
-
- o <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STKLI/man/11iv1.5/security_4.html>
-
- The following summarizes how each of the 'security' settings were
- introduced:
-
- o ABORT_LOGIN_ON_MISSING_HOMEDIR
- (introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_24083)
-
- o MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH
- (introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_24390)
-
- o NOLOGIN
- (introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_24083)
-
- o NUMBER_OF_LOGINS_ALLOWED
- (introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_24083)
-
- o PASSWORD_HISTORY_DEPTH
- (introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_24390)
-
- o PASSWORD_MAXDAYS
- (introduced in 11.22)
-
- o PASSWORD_MINDAYS
- (introduced in 11.22)
-
- o PASSWORD_WARNDAYS
- (introduced in 11.22)
-
- o SU_ROOT_GROUP
- (introduced in 11.00 via PHCO_16127)
-
- o SU_DEFAULT_PATH
- (introduced in 11.11)
-
- o UMASK
- (introduced in 11.22)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.9 What is the sticky bit's purpose?
- Added: 08/23/01
-
- A 't' or 'T' as the last character of the "ls -l" mode characters
- indicates that the "sticky" (save text image) bit is set. See ls(1) for
- an explanation the distinction between 't' and 'T'.
-
- The sticky bit has a different meaning, depending on the type of file it
- is set on...
-
- sticky bit on directories
- =========================
- [From chmod(2)]
- If the mode bit S_ISVTX (sticky bit) is set on a directory, files
- inside the directory may be renamed or removed only by the owner of
- the file, the owner of the directory, or the superuser (even if the
- modes of the directory would otherwise allow such an operation).
-
- [Example]
- drwxrwxrwt 104 bin bin 14336 Jun 7 00:59 /tmp
-
- sticky bit on regular files
- ===========================
- [From chmod(2)]
- If an executable file is prepared for sharing, mode bit S_ISVTX prevents
- the system from abandoning the swap-space image of the program-text
- portion of the file when its last user terminates. Then, when the next
- user of the file executes it, the text need not be read from the file
- system but can simply be swapped in, thus saving time.
-
- [From HP-UX Kernel Tuning and Performance Guide]
- Local paging. When applications are located remotely, set the "sticky
- bit"
- on the applications binaries, using the chmod +t command. This tells the
- system to page the text to the local disk. Otherwise, it is "retrieved"
- across the network. Of course, this would only apply when there is actual
- paging occurring. More recently, there is a kernel parameter,
- page_text_to_local, which when set to 1, will tell the kernel to page all
- NFS executable text pages to local swap space.
-
- [Example]
- -r-xr-xr-t 6 bin bin 24111111111664 Nov 14 2000
- /usr/bin/vi
-
- sticky bit on symlinks
- ======================
- In HP-UX 10.0 and later, a symbolic link that has its sticky bit set is
- called a transition link (i.e. links to ease the transition to the new
- SVR4 filesystem layout). Transition links are a bit faster, because the
- linked-to filename is stored in the inode itself, instead of using an
- allocation unit to store the link. For more info on the purpose for
- transition links, see the tlinstall(update_aid) manpage.
-
- In order to set the sticky bit on a symlink, one must use the
- undocumented
- lchmod system call (i.e. lchmod("/bin", 041777)).
-
- [Example]
- lr-xr-xr-t 1 root sys 8 Jun 7 01:00 /bin ->
- /usr/bin
-
- ------------------------------
-
- 5.1.10 Does HP-UX have a /dev/random, /dev/urandom, or similar device?
- Updated: 09/12/03
-
- Yes, at least for 11.11.
-
- The Strong Random Number Generator provides a secure, non-reproducible
- source of true random numbers for applications with strong security
- requirements, such as for generating encryption keys. The /dev/random
- and /dev/urandom files created by this product allow the read(2) system
- call to retrieve strong random binary sequences of up to 256 bytes.
- This interface is compatible with that provided by the Linux /dev/random
- and /dev/urandom special files. The Strong RNG can be downloaded for free
- from:
-
- o
- http://software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?productNumber=KRNG11I
-
- A technical white paper on the Strong RNG is available at:
-
- o http://newfdawg.com/SSHpart5.htm
-
- There are a few alternatives for other versions of HP-UX...
-
- For limited purposes, one can always use the POSIX shell's $RANDOM to
- receive a random integer between 0 and 32768.
-
- Another option is a daemon from Lutz Jaenicke that can act as a
- replacement for a true random device:
-
- o
- <http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html>
-
- Additionally, there is a hardware crypto accelerator card that also has
- it's own random device. At least through the bundled APIs, this device
- should be usable by applications. HP order numbers are as follows:
-
- o Praesidium Public Key Cryptography (PKC) Accelerator Card HSC Format
- for K Class - A5484A
- o Praesidium Public Key Cryptography (PKC) Accelerator Card HSC Format
- for D and R Class - A5485A
- o Praesidium Public Key Cryptography (PKC) Accelerator Card PCI Format
- for K Class - A5486A
-
- This card purchase is subject to U.S. munitions laws. The card is is
- available for shipment in the U.S. and Canada. Application for
- restricted
- worldwide shipment pending with the U.S. government.
-
- The card is a Rainbow Swift, manufactured by Rainbow Technologies
- (<http://www.rainbow.com/cryptoswift/>), aka IVEA, which also has a
- UK subsidiary.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.11 How can I protect my system from viruses?
- Added: 09/20/01
-
- There are several antivirus products available:
-
- o Sophos Anti-Virus for Unix
- Info:
- <http://www.sophos.com/products/software/antivirus/savunix.html>
- Download Eval:
- <http://www.sophos.com/downloads/products/unix_505.html>
-
- o InterScan VirusWall
- Info:
- <http://www.trendmicro.com/en/products/gateway/isvw/evaluate/overview.htm>
- Download 30-day Trial:
- <http://www.trendmicro.com/download/product.asp?productid=13>
-
- o McAfee VirusScan
- + Info:
- <http://www.mcafeeb2b.com/products/virusscan/default-desktop-protection.asp>
- + Download Eval:
- <http://www.nai.com/naicommon/buy-try/try/products-evals.asp>
-
- o CyberSoft VFind Security Toolkit
- Info: <http://www.cyber.com/products/vfind/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.12 What information is available on configuring HP-UX for
- maximum security?
- Updated: 07/17/03
-
- Kevin Steves has written a couple excellent whitepapers on building
- HP-UX bastion hosts:
-
- An 11.x version of the paper is available in both HTML and PDF formats:
-
- o
- <http://www.itrc.hp.com/service/cki/docDisplay.do?docLocale=en_US&docId=200000066258828>
- (ITRC login required)
- o
- <http://secinf.net/unix_security/Building_a_Bastion_Host_Using_HPUX_11.html>
- o
- <http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/operating/infolibrary/whitepapers/building_a_bastion_host.pdf>
-
- There is also a 10.x version of the paper. However, it doesn't seem to be
- available on the Web anymore.
-
- There is also a paper from HP titled "Network Security Features of HP-UX
- 11i":
-
- o http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/2238/netsecur_final.pdf
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.1.13 Does HP-UX support /etc/shadow like Solaris and Linux?
-
- Added: 01/22/03
-
- The shadow functionality is available as of 11i v1.6 (11.22). For more
- information, see:
-
- o
- <http://www.docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/5187-0701/00/00/82-con.html#shadowpasswords>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.2 Backup and Recovery
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.2.1 Can I put more than one backup on DDS with fbackup?
-
- No. fbackup always rewinds the tape. Possible alternatives:
-
- (1) Stick with dump/cpio/tar/pax.
- (2) Use a pipe: instead of telling fbackup where the DAT is,
- let it send its output to stdout (-f -) and pipe it to the DAT,
- using
- Berkeley no-rewind device and dd with a suitable block size (e.g.,
- 10K). You'll lose fast-search and resync-after-error functionality,
- though. Also, the complexities of managing multiple archives per
- tape make this a high-risk proposition.
- (3) Use NFS[R] and mount the disks of the machine without DAT to the
- other and back them both up there. You'll have to mount 'em with
- root permissions and restoring a completely destroyed root disk will
- be messy.
- (4) Scream at HP until they fix fbackup. :-)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.2.2 How can I use dump with a DDS tape?
-
- dump was written to assume 9-track tapes, so some fudging has to be done
- for DDS tapes. The following has the info you need along with several
- alternatives for dump parameters.
-
- Approximate capacity of 60m DDS tape = 1.3G bytes
- Approximate DDS tape density = (1.3G bytes) / (60 m) = (550K bytes/in)
-
- dump assumes an inter-record gap (IRG) of 0.3 in for density = 6250,
- 0.7 in otherwise.
-
- dump uses a default blocking factor of 10 for density < 6250,
- 32 otherwise.
- ================
- density = 550000
- blocking factor = 32 (default)
- assumed IRG = 0.7 in
-
- Block length = (32K bytes/block) / (550K bytes/in) + (0.7 in) = (0.76 in)
-
- Effective tape length =
- (1.3G bytes) / (32K bytes/block) * (0.76 in/block) = (2511 ft)
- ================
- density = 6250
- blocking factor = 32 (default)
- assumed IRG = 0.3 in
-
- Block length = (32K bytes/block) / (6250 bytes/in) + (0.3 in) = (5.54 in)
-
- Effective tape length =
- (1.3G bytes) / (32K bytes/block) * (5.54 in/block) = (18325 ft)
- ===============
- density = 1600
- blocking factor = 10 (default)
- assumed IRG = 0.7 in
-
- Block length = (10K bytes/block) / (1600 bytes/in) + (0.7 in) = (7.10 in)
-
- Effective tape length =
- (1.3G bytes) / (10K bytes/block) * (7.10 in/block) = (75113 ft)
- ===============
- density = 1600
- blocking factor = 32
- assumed IRG = 0.7 in
-
- Block length = (32K bytes/block) / (1600 bytes/in) + (0.7 in) = (21.18
- in)
-
- Effective tape length =
- (1.3G bytes) / (32K bytes/block) * (21.18 in/block) = (70022 ft)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.2.3 Why do cpio/tar/dump/pax all backup to tape painfully
- slowly?
- Added: 04/17/01
-
- cpio/tar = VERY VERY OLD - never designed for DDS or DLT[TM]
-
- fbackup/ftio = designed for Gb backups and modern tape drives
-
- However, the default for fbackup is 1/2" magtapes, which almost no one
- uses anymore. ALWAYS use a config file for fbackup with at least these
- options:
-
- blocksperrecord 256
- records 32
- checkpointfreq 1024
- readerprocesses 6
- maxretries 5
- retrylimit 5000000
- maxvoluses 200
- filesperfsm 2000
-
- Check the manpage for fbackup for other parameters, including what to do
- when you run out of tape (the chgvol parameter).
-
- You need huge block sizes for modern tapes. Try ftio (block size limited
- only by hardware), pax (block sizes up to 32k), tar (which is 10k, by
- design) or cpio -B which changes from 512 to 5k (but still too small).
-
- cpio, tar, dump, pax and similar utils can NEVER backup large files and
- are single processes whereas fbackup can read from 6 different files at
- the same time.
-
- Note, the large record size (blocksperrecord), checkpointfreq, and
- filesperfsm also contribute to tape overhead.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.2.4 What CD burning software is available?
- Updated: 02/03/03
-
- You can use Cdrecord (aka CdrTools), a freeware application, available
- at:
-
- o
- <http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html>
-
- Additonally, Cdrecord-ProDVD can be used to burn DVDs; see:
-
- o <ftp://ftp.berlios.de/pub/cdrecord/ProDVD/>
-
- There are numerous X GUI frontends for CDrecord. One of the most popular
-
- is X-CD-Roast, available at:
-
- o <http://www.xcdroast.org/xcdr098/rpms-a8.html#hpux>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3 Disks and Filesystems
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.1 How can I enable long file names?
- Updated: 04/02/01
-
- HP-UX 10.00 or later creates HFS filesystems with long file names (up to
- 255 characters) enabled by default, and all VxFS filesystems support long
- file names.
-
- To change pre-10.0 HFS filesystems to support long filenames, run
- the /etc/convertfs program (see convertfs(1M)). Note that will NOT be
- able to switch back.
-
- Here's how to check if an existing HFS filesystem has long filenames
- enabled:
-
- # tunefs -v /dev/rdsk/XXX | grep magic
- magic 95014 clean FS_OK time Tue Mar 23 14:13:01 1993
- \__ if = 95014 then long filenames
- \__ if = 11954 then short filenames
-
- You can also look at this on a per directory basis with the POSIX
- command getconf:
-
- $ getconf NAME_MAX directory
-
- where 'directory' is the path to the directory.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.2 Is it possible to create a RAM disk?
- Updated: 05/10/01
-
- Yes, HP-UX 9.00 and later include a RAM disk driver. The driver is NOT
- officially supported by HP for customer use. Comments in the header file
- "/usr/conf/sio/ram.h" describe how to add RAM disk support to the kernel,
- as well as how to create a RAM disk.
-
- Here are several reasons why using RAM disks is RISKY business:
-
- 1. As stated above, RAM disks are unsupported by HP.
- 2. It is unclear (to me anyway) how "locking" down memory interacts with
- normal memory management, including pageouts and memory pseudo-swap.
- The comments in /usr/conf/sio/ram.h says say:
- "Depending on the availability of memory, allocating large amounts
- of memory for RAM disk volumes may cause system failures (panics
- or hangs)."
- 3. RAM disks can waste memory space. The "usable" yield of disk space
- from memory allocated may be less than 100%. (1 GB of real memory
- may yield less than 1 GB on "disk space".)
- 4. RAM disks aren't saved over a reboot, and require special action to do
- so.
- 5. You must write a C program to delete them from a running system.
-
- Here are the basic steps make a 128 MB RAM disk on HP-UX 10.x/11.x:
-
- 1. Modify your kernel to include the RAM disk driver:
-
- # cd /stand/build
- # /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system
- # kmsystem -c y -S system ram
- # mk_kernel -s system
- # mv ../system ../system.prev
- # cp ../vmunix ../vmunix.prev
- # mv system ..
- # mv vmunix_test ../vmunix
- # cd /
- # shutdown -r
-
- Note: "ramdisc" is an alias for "ram" that is also recognized.
-
- 2. Set up the device files and mount the RAM disk filesystem:
-
- # mknod /dev/rram1 c 9 0x008001
- # mknod /dev/ram1 b 9 0x008001
- # newfs -F hfs /dev/rram1
- # mkdir -p /ramdisk
- # mount /dev/ram1 /ramdisk
-
- Another way
- ===========
- There is a better, but not free, way to _simulate_ a RAM disk under HP-UX
- 10.20 or later...
-
- You must first purchase and install the optional OnlineJFS product, the
- advanced bundle for the VxFS file system. This enables a number of
- extra mount options for VxFS filesystems.
-
- To configure a VxFS filesystem so that most buffer cache flushes are
- prevented, specify the following options when mounting the filesystem:
-
- "tmplog,mincache=tmpcache,convosync=delay"
-
- The first two options can be configured with sam, but the convosync
- option must be edited into /etc/fstab by hand.
-
- A description and pricing info for the OnlineJFS product is available at
- <http://software.hp.com/> (just search for "onlinejfs").
-
- A third way
- ===========
- JTL Technical Services, LLC, sells a software product for HP-UX called
- RamDisc. There are two versions - RamDisc plus and RamDisc classic. For
- more information see their web site:
-
- o <http://www.jtlltd.com/ramdsk.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.3 What happened to DUX and context dependent files (CDFs)?
- Added: 03/29/01
-
- As of HP-UX 10.01, DUX (HP Diskless Clusters) has been fully replaced by
- NFS.
-
- These DUX-specific commands do not exist on HP-UX 10.01 and later:
-
- cnodes(1) cps(1) getcontext(1) makecdf(1M) showcdf(1)
-
- These DUX-specific options to commands do not exist on HP-UX 10.01 and
- later:
-
- chmod -H find -hidden -type H ls -H
- find -nodevcid find -devcid cname last -c
- pwd -H users -c who -c
- bdf -L df -L sync -l
- ftio -H pax -H -m -o -p -t device tar -H
-
- These DUX-specific library routines (including context dependent files)
- are obsolete as of HP-UX 10.01:
-
- endccent getcccid getcdf nftwh
- fgetccent getccent gethcwd setccent
- ftwh getccnam hidecdf
- cnodeid cnodes getcontext
-
- These additional DUX features were obsoleted in HP-UX 10.01:
-
- o Distributed named pipes across a cluster in diskless environments.
- o The DUX concept of global PIDs across a cluster. Temporary
- name-space collision should be avoided by each diskless client
- having private /tmp areas.
- o Using /tmp as a shared depository between diskless clients, such
- as an application using a lib routine to create unique tmp_file
- names.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.4 Why can't I use all of my swap space?
- Updated: 04/08/01
-
- The default value of the kernel parameter "maxswapchunks" limits the swap
- accessible by the kernel to 537 MB. If you want to configure more swap
- space than that, you need to increase maxswapchunks. More information on
- maxswapchunks can be found online (see section 5.5.3).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.5 How can I determine which disk is the boot disk?
- Updated: 01/03/02
-
- There are at least two ways to do this:
-
- o Use "lvlnboot -v" (must be root); this command also reports additional
- information on volume groups and logical volumes:
-
- # lvlnboot -v `vgdisplay | grep "VG Name" | awk '{print $3}'`
- ...
- /dev/dsk/c0t5d0 (8/4.5.0) -- Boot Disk
- ...
-
- o Use setboot. This command also reports the alternate bootpath, as well
- as whether Autoboot and Autosearch are enabled. However, it does not
- print the disk device names as lvlnboot does.
-
- $ setboot
- Primary bootpath : 8/4.5.0
- Alternate bootpath : 8/4.10.0
-
- Autoboot is ON (enabled)
- Autosearch is OFF (disabled)
-
- To determine which disk the currently running kernel was booted from, use
- adb as follows (must be root):
-
- # KERNEL=/stand/vmunix # set this var to the currently running kernel
- # echo 'boot_string/S' | adb $KERNEL /dev/mem | grep /
- boot_string: disc(8/4.5.0;0)/stand/vmunix
-
- On 11.x, the path of the currently running kernel can be obtained using
- the kmpath command (see subject 8.2.4).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.6 Why does pfs_mount fail with the message 'Not Owner' when
- I try to use it?
- Updated: 03/28/01
-
- This is a common problem. You (root) are probably in more than 8 groups.
- Run groups(1) to check.
-
- There are two work-arounds to the problem:
-
- + Apply the latest PFS patch:
- o 10.20: PHCO_15453
- o 11.00: PHCO_16438
-
- + Temporarily remove root from enough groups to bring it under the limit:
- o Backup /etc/group.
- o Edit /etc/group so that root is in 8 or fewer groups.
- o After running pfs_mount, restore the original version of /etc/group.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.7 What's new with remote mounts and the automounter?
-
- HP-UX 10.00 and later ships with an automounter running with a -hosts
- option, so it's easy to just say "/net/hostname/directory/...", and the
- automounter will do the rest.
-
- If you like, you can put symbolic links in to make things easier, for
- example:
-
- /x1 -> /net/x1/x1
- /usr/valid -> /net/x1/valid
-
- While this is convenient and easy to do, using explicit automount maps
- (ex: /home/username) is usually a better idea in terms of keeping things
- "tight" and maintaining server/disk independance.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.8 Why are CDROM filenames all UPPERCASE with ;1 attached?
- Updated: 11/20/02
-
- CD-ROMs are generally formatted using a filesystem called ISO-9660
- (aka ECMA-119), which is an update of an earlier specification called
- High Sierra. There are very minor differences between the two, and
- HP-UX supports them both. The user doesn't have to know which is
- which, although nobody's actually produced a High Sierra CD-ROM in
- many years.
-
- ISO-9660 "file identifiers" consist of a filename, a dot, an
- extension, a semicolon, and a version number from 1 to 32767. The
- standard specifies three levels of "interchange", the strictest of
- which limits filenames to 8 characters, extensions to 3 characters,
- and the characters can be only upper-case letters, digits and
- underscores. The reason why the letters are all uppercase is because
- most CD-ROMs are encoded to the strictest interchange level.
-
- To get rid of the semicolon and version number, and to force the
- filenames to lower case, mount the file system with the "cdcase"
- option (see mount_cdfs(1M)).
-
- There is a widely used extension of ISO-9660 called "Rock Ridge" which
- adds enough file system metadata to support full POSIX file system
- semantics. Rock Ridge filenames are formatted similarly to ISO-9660
- file identifiers -- all UPPERCASE with ;1 version numbers. Currently,
- 11.0 supports Rock Ridge via a patch. Other versions of HP-UX do not
- support Rock Ridge, except through PFS.
-
- Rock Ridge support has recently been provided for 11.x via patches:
-
- o 11.00: PHKL_21586
- o 11.11: (patch recalled due to defect)
-
- The Portable FileSystem (PFS) was originally developed by Young Minds,
- Inc. It was originally only available as a demo package, but it was
- eventually bundled with HP-UX, starting with release 10.10. PFS supports
- the following CD-ROM formats: ISO-9660, Rock Ridge, and High Sierra. As
- explained above, the HP-UX mount command currently only supports ISO-9660
- and High Sierra.
-
- You must have network loopback, and networking in general, configured
- before running PFS on HP-UX. The command 'netstat -rn' shows the network
- routing tables; the entry 'lo0' is for the loopback interface. To enable
- network loopback (if it is not already enabled), add the line:
-
- LOOPBACK_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1
-
- to the file /etc/rc.config.d/netconf.
-
- PFS is RPC-based and offers the some features that NFS provides, which
- means that a CD-ROM can be exported over your network without going
- through NFS. However, PFS does require that the nfs.core and nfs.client
- subsystems are both running. To start these, make sure NFS_CLIENT=1 in
- /etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf then run:
-
- # /sbin/init.d/nfs.core start
- # /sbin/init.d/nfs.client start
-
- Note, using these init scripts to start NFS will ensure that rpcbind,
- which PFS relies on, is also started.
-
- NOTE: On 10.20 or 11.00, you must install a patch prior to running PFS,
- or
- you might not be able to eject the CD-ROM after unmounting it. This
- problem is fixed in 11i. The patches are:
-
- o 10.20: PHCO_15453
- o 11.00: PHCO_16438
-
- All Oracle[R] installation CDROM's are RockRidge-formatted, and so must
- be
- mounted via PFS.
-
- To use PFS to mount a RockRidge CDROM:
-
- 1) Make sure the directory containing the PFS utilities (/usr/sbin) is
- in your PATH.
-
- 2) Edit (or create) the /etc/pfs_fstab file to contain a line like this:
- <device> <mount_dir> pfs-rrip xlat=rrip 0 0
- Where:
- <device> is the path to your CD-ROM reader (e.g. /dev/dsk/c1t2d0)
- <mount_dir> is the path to an *existing* directory where the CD-ROM
- will be mounted (e.g. /rr_cdrom)
-
- 3) Run the following commands:
-
- # nohup pfs_mountd &
- # nohup pfsd 4 &
-
- Alternatively, these daemons can be started from an rc script; see
- question 5.3.9.
-
- 4) Mount the drive with the command:
- pfs_mount <device> | <mount_dir>
- Or unmount it with:
- pfs_umount <device> | <mount_dir>
- Where <device> and <mount_dir> are the same as in 2).
-
- The CD-ROM should be now readable with long and mixed-case filenames.
-
- For HP-UX 10.01 and earlier, you can install a patch:
-
- o 10.01 s700: PHKL_23512
- o 10.01 s800: PHKL_23513
- o 10.00 s700: PHKL_6076
- o 10.00 s800: PHKL_6077
-
- These add a modification to the CDFS code which can translate all mounted
- CDROMs (not selectively) to accomplish the same task. This patch adds no
- additional filesystem support, such as POSIX or the RockRidge Extensions.
-
- On 10.20 and later systems, for ISO-9660 CDs that contain all-uppercase
- 8.3 filenames (ie - MS-Windows CDs), it is not necessary to use PFS.
- Instead use the mount command's "-o cdcase" option. See mount_cdfs(1M)
- for more information.
-
- HP-UX cannot read Joliet, video, or audio discs without the use of
- 3rd-party software.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.9 How can I start the PFS daemons automatically at system
- startup?
- Updated: 11/20/01
-
- Create a pfs rc script, and associated config file, as follows:
-
- ===== CUT FROM HERE - PASTE TO /sbin/init.d/pfs =====
- #!/usr/bin/sh
- #
- # pfs startup: Startup and kill script for the PFS file server
- #
-
- PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
- export PATH
-
- if [ -r /etc/rc.config.d/pfs ] ; then
- . /etc/rc.config.d/pfs
- fi
-
- # return pid of the named process(es)
- findproc() {
- pid=`ps -e |grep "$1" |sed -e 's/^ *//' -e 's/ .*//'`
- echo $pid
- }
-
- stat_pfs_fc()
- {
- PFSD=`ps -ef|grep pfsd|grep -v grep|head -1|awk '{print $2}'`
- PFSM=`ps -ef|grep pfs_mount|grep -v grep|head -1|awk '{print $2}'`
- }
-
- kill_pfsd_fc()
- {
- for PID in `ps -ef | grep pfsd | awk '{print $2}'` ; do
- if [ -n $PID ] ; then
- kill $PID 1>>/dev/null 2>>/dev/null
- fi
- done
- }
-
- kill_pfsmount_fc()
- {
- for PID in `ps -ef | grep pfs_mount | awk '{print $2}'` ; do
- if [ -n $PID ] ; then
- kill $PID 1>>/dev/null 2>>/dev/null
- fi
- done
-
- }
-
- case "$1" in
- "start_msg")
- echo "Starting PFS Daemons"
- ;;
- "start")
- if [ "$RUN_PFS_SERVER" -ne 0 ] ; then
- stat_pfs_fc
- if [ "${PFSD}x" = "x" ] ; then
- echo "starting pfs_mountd"
- /usr/sbin/pfs_mountd -D$PFS_DAEMONS &
- else
- echo "pfsd is already running with PID $PFSD"
- echo "please stop and restart if necessary"
- fi
- if [ "${PFSM}x" = "x" ] ; then
- echo "starting pfsd"
- /usr/sbin/pfsd $PFS_DAEMONS &
- else
- echo "pfs_mount is already running with PID $PFSM"
- echo "please stop and restart if necessary"
- fi
- exit 0
- fi
- exit 2
- ;;
- "stop_msg")
- echo "Terminating PFS Daemons "
- ;;
- "stop")
- kill_pfsd_fc
- kill_pfsmount_fc
- kill_pfsd_fc
- kill_pfsmount_fc
- ;;
- stat*)
- stat_pfs_fc
- if [ "${PFSD}x" = "x" ] ; then
- echo "pfsd is not running"
- else
- echo "pfsd is running"
- fi
- if [ "${PFSM}x" = "x" ] ; then
- echo "pfs_mount is not running"
- else
- echo "pfs_mountd is running"
- fi
- ;;
- *)
- echo "Bad or missing arguments..."
- echo
- echo "Usage: $0 stop|start|start_msg|stop_msg|status"
- ;;
- esac
- exit 0
- ===== END CUT =====
-
- # chmod 555 /sbin/init.d/pfs
- # chown bin:bin /sbin/init.d/pfs
- # ln -s /sbin/init.d/pfs /sbin/rc2.d/S901pfs
- # ln -s /sbin/init.d/pfs /sbin/rc1.d/K099pfs
-
- ===== CUT FROM HERE, PASTE TO /etc/rc.config.d/pfs =====
- #
- # pfs configuration: set to a non-zero value to
- # initiate pfsd and pfs_mountd at run_level 2
- #
- # Installed at /etc/rc.config.d/pfs
- #
- RUN_PFS_SERVER=1
- # Set the number of PFS daemons to run
- PFS_DAEMONS=4
- ===== END CUT =====
-
- # chmod 444 /etc/rc.config.d/pfs
- # chown bin:bin /etc/rc.config.d/pfs
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.10 Where can I get updated disktab entries for third-party
- disks?
- Updated: 04/20/01
-
- Disktabs are obsolete for HP-UX 10.00 and later. For HP-UX 9.x and
- earlier, see:
-
- o <http://hpwww.epfl.ch/HPUX/tools/disktab.html>
-
- Installing patches PHCO_5236, PHCO_6819, PHCO_7253, and PHCO_7461 will
- give you the latest and greatest HP-provided disktab entries for 9.x.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.11 How can I determine whether a disk is bootable?
- Added: 08/29/01
-
- To display the different bootstrings for a disk:
-
- # lifls <rawdevice>
-
- For example:
-
- # lifls /dev/rdsk/c0t6d0
-
- A bootable disk reports something like:
-
- ISL AUTO HPUX PAD LABEL
-
- While a non bootable disk reports:
-
- lifls: Can't list /dev/rdsk/c0t6d0; not a LIF volume
-
- To show the content of the bootentries:
-
- # lifcp <blockdevice>:<STRING> -
-
- For example:
-
- # lifcp /dev/dsk/c0t6d0:AUTO -
- hpux
-
- For further information on LIF, refer to lif(4).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.3.12 How do I defragment my filesystems?
- Added: 05/02/02
-
- VxFS filesystems can be defragmented using the fsadm command. However,
- the online reorganization and online resize features of fsadm are
- enabled only with the HP OnLineJFS optional product.
-
- Here are the relevant options:
-
- -D Report on directory fragmentation. If specified in
- conjunction with the -d option, the fragmentation
- report is produced both before and after the
- directory reorganization.
-
- -d Reorganize directories. Directory entries are
- reordered to place subdirectory entries first, then
- all other entries in decreasing order of time of last
- access. The directory is also compacted to remove
- free space.
-
- -E Report on extent fragmentation. If specified in
- conjunction with the -e option, the fragmentation
- report is produced both before and after the extent
- reorganization.
-
- -e Reorganize extents. Minimize file system
- fragmentation. Files are reorganized to have the
- minimum number of extents.
-
- An example:
-
- # fsadm -dDeE /var
-
- See fsadm_vxfs(1M) for further details.
-
- No commands are available for defragmenting HFS filesystems.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.4 Display
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.4.1 How do I define a new terminal type?
- Added: 04/26/01
-
- In HP-UX 10.0 and later, the terminfo database
- (/usr/share/lib/terminfo/?/*) is designed to take the place of the
- termcap database (/usr/share/lib/termcap). However, because of the many
- programs that have been written with and for the termcap database, the
- termcap database is still included with HP-UX. All additions and
- modifications to either of these databases should be done with extreme
- caution. These files are critical to the proper operation of your
- terminal.
-
- NOTE: The terminfo database contains printer definitions, in addition to
- terminal definitions.
-
- To convert one or more termcap entries to terminfo source format, use the
- captoinfo(1M) command:
-
- $ captoinfo termcap_entry.txt >terminfo_entry.txt
-
- To compile a terminfo source file, and add the compiled entry to the
- terminfo database, use the tic(1M) command:
-
- # tic terminfo_entry.txt
-
- If you must have both termcap and terminfo terminal descriptions, keep
- the
- terminfo description only, and use infocmp -C to get the termcap
- descriptions. This is recommended because the terminfo entry will be
- more
- complete, descriptive, and accurate than the termcap entry possibly could
- be.
-
- If you have been using cursor optimization programs with the -ltermcap or
- -ltermlib option in the cc command-line, those programs will
- still be
- functional. However, these options should be replaced with the -lcurses
- option.
-
- Richard S. Shuford maintains an archive of video terminal information.
- The archive is a collection of information concerning character-cell
- video-display terminals, serial-line remote-graphics terminals, and
- software that emulates them. The URL is:
-
- o <http://www.cs.utk.edu/~shuford/terminal_index.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.4.2 How can I change the video mode on my workstation?
- Added: 06/17/02
-
- Use the following command:
-
- # /opt/graphics/common/bin/setmon
-
- setmon is a program that allows you to change video formats. When you
- run setmon, it will print a table of available formats. The first
- number on each line is an index. Enter the index number for the entry
- you want to use and setmon will change the card to match. The change
- can be either temporary (until next boot) or permanent. Similar
- functionality is available in sam. The -h option gives limited help.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.5 Kernel Configuration
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.5.1 How can I tell if I have a 32-bit or 64-bit kernel?
- Added: 04/19/01
-
- First off, in all versions of HP-UX prior to 11.00, the kernel is always
- 32-bit. That being said, on 11.x systems, there are several ways to
- determine whether you're running a 32 or 64 bit kernel...
-
- From the command-line
- =====================
- $ getconf KERNEL_BITS
-
- or:
-
- $ file /stand/vmunix
- /stand/vmunix: PA-RISC1.1 executable ---> 32-bit
- /stand/vmunix: ELF-64 executable object file ---> 64-bit
-
- From SAM
- ========
- 1) goto Performance Monitors -> System Properties -> Operating System
- 2) check OS Kernel Width: value
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.5.2 How do I determine if a system supports a 32 and/or a
- 64-bit kernel?
- Added: 09/13/01
-
- From the command-line
- =====================
- $ getconf HW_CPU_SUPP_BITS
- 32 ---> system supports only 32-bit
- 32/64 ---> system supports both 32 and 64-bit
- 64 ---> system supports only 64-bit
-
- From SAM
- ========
- 1) goto Performance Monitors -> System Properties -> Processor
- 2) check Kernel Width Support: value
-
- The following summarizes the 11.00 implementations supported on HP9000
- Servers:
-
- 32-bit only
- ===========
- * A-Class: A180/180C
- * D-Class: D200/x10 (only w/ XSW 9806+)
- Dx20/x30/x50/x60
- * E-Class: all
- * F/G/H/I-Class: all
- * K-Class: K100/200/x10/x20
- * T-Class: T500/520
-
- 32/64-bit
- =========
- * D-Class: Dx70/x80/D390
- (Dx70/Dx80 supports 64-bit only w/ Firmware rev. 38.30+)
- (D390 supports 64-bit only w/ Firmware rev. 38.31+)
- (Dx70/x80/D390 require XSW 9808+ to run 64-bit)
- and provide NO support for any EISA cards!)
- * K-Class: Kx50/x60/x60EG/460XP/x70/x80
- * R-Class: all
- * T-Class: T600
- * Enterprise Parallel Servers: all
-
- 64-bit Only
- ===========
- * A-Class: A400/500
- * L-Class: all
- * N-Class: all
- * V-Class: all
-
- The following summarizes the 11.00 implementations supported on HP9000
- Workstations:
-
- 32-bit Only
- ===========
- * B-class: B132L/160L
- * C-class: C100/110/160/160L/180/180-XP/200/240/360/3000/3600
- * J-Class: J200/210/210XC
- * 700-Series: 712, 715/64, 715/80, 715/100, 715/100XC, 725/100,
- 743, 744
-
- 32/64-bit
- =========
- * B-Class: B132L+/180L/1000 (only w/ XSW 9808+)
- * C-Class: C200/240/160/180/180XP (only w/ XSW 9808+)
- * J-Class: J280/282/2240 (only w/ XSW 9808+)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.5.3 Where can I find detailed documentation of the various
- kernel parameters?
- Added: 01/22/03
-
- The following URLs provide documentation for kernel parameters on 11.00
- and 11i:
-
- o 11.00:
- <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/939/KCParms/KCparams.OverviewAll.html>
- o 11i: <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/TKP-90202/TKP-90202.html>
-
- Additionally, in 11.22 and later, each kernel parameter has its own
- manpage in section 5. These generally contain greater detail than the
- above URLs and much of it is also applicable to 11.00, 11.11, and/or
- 11.20. These manpages can be viewed online at:
-
- o <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B3921-90010/00/20/2040-con.html>
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.6 Monitors, Diagnostics, and Performance
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.6.1 How can I look at what my system is doing?
- Updated: 04/08/01
-
- The best tool for monitoring your system is HP GlancePlus. In the U.S.
- call 800.237.3990 for a trial version. Outside the U.S. contact your HP
- sales representative. HP sells other performance tools as well including
- HP Performance Collection Software, HP PerfRX (for long-term performance
- analysis of a single system), and HP PerfView which runs under OpenView
- (for simultaneous monitoring of a network of systems including HP-UX,
- Solaris[TM], and AIX[R].
-
- A couple cheaper, but less robust, options are the sar(1M) and top(1)
- commands.
-
- On 9.x systems, you can use /usr/contrib/bin/monitor.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.6.2 What happened to the sysdiag command?
- Updated: 03/27/01
-
- For HP-UX 10.01 and later, the HP-UX Online Diagnostic System, of which
- sysdiag(1M) was a part, has been replaced with the HP-UX Support Tools
- package (HP Part No. B6191AAE). sysdiag's replacement is called Support
- Tools Manager (STM). See stm(1M).
-
- The Support Tools come preinstalled on HP9000 systems purchased on or
- after May 1999. Note, the SD bundle name for Support Tools is
- 'OnlineDiag'. For older systems, the latest release of Support Tools can
- be downloaded, free of charge, from the "network & system administration"
- section of <http://software.hp.com/>. For Support Tools documentation,
- see
- <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/diag/>.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.6.3 How can I improve overall system performance?
- Updated: 05/03/02
-
- There are, of course, many answers to this question. Many people have
- noticed that HP's conservative choices in some configuration areas affect
- performance, especially as compared to Solaris. A couple examples:
-
- o 'fs_async' kernel parameter
-
- HP-UX by default makes all file systems I/O synchronous. Sun[R],
- by contrast, defaults to asynchronous I/O and depends on the
- syncer.
- Changing this parameter's value from 0 to 1 can significantly
- increase write speeds, BUT at the risk of losing data in a system
- crash. You can change this parameter using SAM.
-
- o 'async' NFS option
-
- Similar to local writes, NFS writes to a filesystem exported from
- an
- HP-UX system are synchronous by default. Add the async option to
- your /etc/exports if you want to change that, but be sure to
- carefully read the exports(4) manpage first.
-
- An abundance of performance tuning tips are provided by HP in the
- following
- tuning guides:
-
- o HP-UX Workstation System Tuning and Performance Guide, 08/31/00:
-
- <http://www.hp-partners.com/tcl_public/html/technical_support/tuning.html>
-
- o HP-UX Kernel Tuning and Performance Guide v3.1, 03/15/00:
- <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/os/11.0/tuningwp.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7 Networking and Communications
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.1 How can I change the order of hostname resolution?
- Updated: 03/22/01
-
- Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf. See nsswitch.conf(4).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.2 How can I track network packets?
-
- TRACING - Trace all packets seen by the device driver on the HP nodes,
- except diskless packets. Trace packets sent by the node, or
- addressed to the node.
-
- Network tracing can be done with nettl(1M). nettl can only be used by
- the
- superuser, so su to root before proceeding.
-
- 1. Start Trace - put data into 1MB trace file. The data
- will be stored in /tmp/raw.TRC0 and /tmp/raw.TRC1
- The most recent data will always be in TRC0, when
- it fills up, TRC0 is renamed TRC1, and new logging
- continues in the TRC0 file. They fill up quickly!
-
- nettl -tn all -e ns_ls_ip -size 1024 -tracemax 99999 -f /tmp/raw
-
- This will trace packets in, packets out, and loopback packets at the
- IP
- Layer (ns_ls_ip). If you need link-specific packet tracing you must
- specify the appropriate network driver or "-e all".
-
- 2. Stop trace as soon as an event occurs!
-
- nettl -tf -e all
-
- 3. Format trace into a print file:
-
- netfmt -N -n -l -f /tmp/raw.TRC0 [ -c /tmp/filter ] > /tmp/fmt0
- netfmt -N -n -l -f /tmp/raw.TRC1 [ -c /tmp/filter ] > /tmp/fmt1
-
- -N - print in "nice" format (e.g. interpret)
- -n - print IP addresses, not hostnames
- -l - do not highlight fields (for hpterm)
- -f - input file (nettl-generated trace data)
- -c - optional, use a filter file (see "filtering", below)
-
- NOTE: netfmt takes a while to run! There will be plenty of info in
- the trace file - interpretation may be necessary!
-
- 3a. Filtering. Create a filter file to tell netfmt what packets you
- are interested in seeing.
-
- E.g. only display packets to/from IP address 192.10.11.1:
- filter ip_saddr 192.10.11.1
- filter ip_daddr 192.10.11.1
-
- Filter out all put NFS packets (to/from UDP port 2049)
- filter udp_sport 2049
- filter udp_dport 2049
-
- Filter out all but TCP packets to/from port 25 (sendmail):
- filter tcp_sport 25
- filter tcp_dport 25
-
- Filter on ethernet addresses:
- filter dest 08-00-09-49-91-4a
- filter source 08-00-09-49-91-4a
-
- You can put these together (e.g. filter all NFS packets to/from IP
- addr):
- filter ip_saddr 192.10.11.1
- filter ip_daddr 192.10.11.1
- filter udp_sport 2049
- filter udp_dport 2049
-
- 3b. To create timestamped 1-liner trace analysis file of all packets in
- capture file:
-
- # netfmt -N -n -l -1 -T -f /tmp/raw.TRC0 >/tmp/fmt0-1
-
- ...take note, that there is a -l (ell) and a -1 (number one)
- specified!
-
- To create a timestamped 1-liner trace analysis file using a packet
- filter, first see information in Step #3a on creating a filter file,
- then:
-
- # netfmt -N -n -l -1 -T -c /tmp/filterfile -f /tmp/raw.TRC0 \
- >/tmp/fmt0-1f
-
- ...take note, that there is a -l (ell) and a -1 (number one)
- specified!
-
- HP-UX 10.20 and 11.X can use tcpdump/libpcap as found at
- <ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/> To select the interface to trace, one uses the -i
- option and gives the interface name as "/dev/dlpiN" where N is the PPA
- of the device. One uses lanscan to find PPAs. On 10.20, the PPA happens
- to be the same as the Network Management ID (NMID) and is not the same
- as the N in "lanN." On 11.X, the PPA happens to be the same as the Card
- Instance number and happens to be the same as the N in "lanN." The
- /dev/dlpiN specified to tcpdump/libpcap is not the same as the device
- file /dev/dlpiM. What actually happens is tcpdump/libcap opens /dev/dlpi
- and bind to PPA N. The /dev/dlpiM device files are for other uses.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.3 How to get the MAC address for a particular network
- interface?
- Added: 04/09/01
-
- From the command-line
- =====================
- Run lanscan(1M).
-
- The output will look similar to this:
-
- Hardware Station Crd Hdw Net-Interface NM MAC HP-DLPI
- DLPI
- Path Address In# State NamePPA ID Type Support
- Mjr#
- 0/0/0/0 0x00306E06C47D 0 UP lan0 snap0 1 ETHER Yes 119
- 0/2/0/0 0x001083FB9956 1 UP lan1 snap1 2 ETHER Yes 119
-
- The output will have one entry for each LAN card in the computer. The
- second field ("Station Address") is the MAC address.
-
- To get the MAC addresses of another machine on the LAN, try the
- following:
-
- $ ping {hostname} -n 1
- $ arp -a | grep {hostname}
-
- where {hostname} is the hostname or IP address of the remote machine.
-
- Programmatically
- ================
- The old (9.x) way to do this was by using the LLA (Link Level Access)
- API,
- which is obsolete in 10.x/11.x. The new way to do it is by using the
- DLPI
- (Data Link Provider Interface) API, LLA's replacement. For information
- on migrating your code from LLA to DLPI, refer to chapter one of the LLA
- Programming and Migration Guide (HP Part No. 98194-90053) at
- <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/98194-90053/00/00/1-con.html>.
-
- You might want to check for a "logical" MAC address, rather than the
- physical, if the software is going to be used in a switchover
- environment.
-
- For more information on DLPI programming, refer to the DLPI Programmer's
- Guide (HP Part No. B2355-90139), available online at
- <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90139/B2355-90139.html>.
-
- Side Note
- =========
- To figure out what vendor made your Ethernet card based on the MAC
- address, check out
- <http://www.cavebear.com/CaveBear/Ethernet/vendor.html>.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.4 Is there a Transport Level Interface (TLI) interface to
- TCP on HP-UX?
-
- In HP-UX 10.00-10.20, a special module exists which provides XTI access
- over the BSD stack - TLI is not supported. TLI, for the most part after
- SVID 3 volume 5, has stopped evolving and is being replaced by XTI in
- most implementations. XTI is standardized by X/Open and the current
- versions from most vendors should be XPG4 compliant with some being
- branded as the branding test suites are made available by X/Open.
-
- Note the reason one needs a streams-based TCP is that both TLI and XTI
- rely upon a streams-based module, timod, to provide specific
- functionality
- within the kernel and this module needs to be pushed upon the transport
- stack. Since HP-UX uses a BSD transport which is not streams-based and
- is therefore incapable of having a streams-based module pushed upon it,
- one can not run TLI/XTI directly upon it, and, hence, a special streams
- module was created to provide this functionality for HP-UX 10.0.
-
- As of HP-UX 10.30, the BSD-based transport is replced by a Streams-based
- one. XTI no longer requires a special streams module. In the past,
- where
- one would open /dev/inet_cots to get TCP, one can open /dev/tcp and get
- TCP.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.5 How do I disable IP Forwarding?
-
- For HP-UX 10.x, one uses nettune to set the variable ip_forwarding to 0.
- For HP-UX 11.x, one uses ndd to set the variable ip_forwarding to 0. For
- HP-UX 11.x, this tune can be placed in the file /etc/rc.config.d/nddconf
- and will then be applied automagically on every reboot.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.6 Why is ifconfig giving me errors when I try to configure
- my LAN?
-
- When I try to configure my lan device on my s700 I get the error
- ifconfig: no such interface - why is that?
-
- This is because the interface's hardware state is down. The s700 machines
- need to be connected to a network before they can be configured with
- ifconfig. Add the s700 machine to the network and then reset the
- interface
- by running landiag (LAN->RESET). If no errors are reported, then you
- should be able to ifconfig that interface.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.7 How do I change the hostname, IP address, DNS Server,
- etc?
- Updated: 06/20/01
-
- To change these system parameters, you should use the /sbin/set_parms
- sehll script. This script modifies the system configuration file
- /etc/rc.config.d/netconf. set_parms does not backup the netconf file, so
- it's a good idea to back it up yourself before running set_parms:
-
- # cd /etc/rc.config.d
- # cp -p netconf netconf.prev
-
- To print the usage for set_parms, run the script with no arguments:
-
- # /sbin/set_parms
-
- After modifying netconf, set_parms will ask you whether you want to
- reboot
- the system; this is necessary in order to apply the configuration
- changes.
- You can answer "Yes, Reboot", or you can answer "No, Do Not Reboot" and
- reboot at a later time.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.8 How do I determine the speed and duplexity of my network
- interface?
- Updated: 04/19/01
-
- Use the lanadmin(1M) tool as follows:
-
- # echo "lan display quit" | lanadmin
-
- The "Description" line shows the duplexity, if the network interface
- supports something other than half duplex. The "Speed" line shows the
- speed in bits per second (bps).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.9 How do I display all active Internet (TCP and UDP)
- connections?
- Added: 06/01/01
-
- # netstat -anf inet
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.10 How can multiple IP addresses be configured on one
- interface?
- Updated: 11/18/01
-
- ifalias
- =======
- On 10.x, a patch can be installed that adds a new command called ifalias,
- allowing one to add multiple IP addresses on one interface without having
- to buy MC/ServiceGuard:
-
- o For 10.20: PHNE_12492
- o For 10.10: PHNE_7108
- o For 10.01: PHNE_7107
- 0 For 10.00: not available
-
- After installing the patch, see the ifalias(1M) manpage. The command's
- syntax is very straightforward:
-
- # ifalias lanX add <address_list>
-
- where X is the interface number, and <address_list> is the list of IP
- addresses you wish to alias.
-
- It is also a good idea to install the latest ARPA Transport patch:
-
- o For 10.20: PHNE_22507
- o For 10.10: PHNE_19935
- o For 10.01: PHNE_20188
- o For 10.00: PHNE_13474
-
- ifconfig
- ========
- On 11.x, no additional patches are required, and one does not use the
- ifalias command. The functionality is part of the ifconfig(1M) command.
- For additional aliases on the same physical interface, one would do:
-
- # ifconfig lanX:0 ...
- # ifconfig lanX:1 ...
- ...
- # ifconfig lanX:N ...
-
- where X is the interface number. Note, 'lanX' is equivalent to 'lanX:0'.
-
- To persist the configuration, modify /etc/rc.config.d/netconf. The
- format
- should resemble the following:
-
- INTERFACE_NAME[0]="lan0"
- IP_ADDRESS[0]=13.13.10.1
- SUBNET_MASK[0]=255.255.255.0
- BROADCAST_ADDRESS[0]=""
- INTERFACE_STATE[0]=""
- DHCP_ENABLE[0]=0
-
- INTERFACE_NAME[1]="lan0:1"
- IP_ADDRESS[1]=13.13.20.15
- SUBNET_MASK[1]=255.255.255.0
- BROADCAST_ADDRESS[1]=""
- INTERFACE_STATE[1]=""
- DHCP_ENABLE[1]=0
-
- Again, it is a good idea to install the latest ARPA Transport patch:
-
- o For 11.11: PHNE_27063
- o For 11.00: PHNE_27886
-
- cmmodnet
- ========
- HP's MC/ServiceGuard product also allows you to configure multiple IP
- addresses on one interface, using the cmmodnet command which adds IP
- addresses to existing interfaces. For example:
-
- # cmmodnet -a -i 15.13.169.16 15.13.143
-
- Where -a is add, -i 15.13.169.16 is the IP address to add, and 15.13.143
- is the subnet on which to add it. The cmmodnet command (via the
- ioctl()s)
- then figures out which interface the subnet is currently on and adds
- the new IP address to that interface.
-
- VIF
- ===
- Similar functionality for HP-UX 9.x can be obtained using the VIF kernel
- driver by Steinar Haug <sthaug@nethelp.no>. For more info, see:
-
- o <http://www.nethelp.no/net/vif/readme.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.11 How can I enable the LAN interface on a 700?
-
- This can be problem when the LAN isn't connected at boot time. To resolve
- the problem, use the 'reset' command in 'landiag'.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.12 Where can I get STREAMS for HP-UX?
- Updated: 03/30/01
-
- STREAMS/UX is included with and fully supported on HP-UX 10.00 and later.
-
- For HP-UX 9.x, STREAMS/UX was a product that could be purchased
- separately. STREAMS/UX is based on the OSF/1[R] streams code, which in
- turn is based on streams code from Mentat.
-
- The HP manual "STREAMS/UX for the HP 9000 Reference Manual" (Part No.
- J2237-90005) can be viewed online at:
-
- o <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/J2237-90005/00/00/1-con.html>
-
- Or purchased in hardcopy form from:
-
- o
- <http://software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?productNumber=B8679BA:J2237-90005>
-
- Also, there are a number of kernel parameters for streams. An
- explanation of these parameters is provided online (see section 5.5.3
- for more info).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.13 What version of BIND (named) comes with HP-UX?
- Updated: 12/11/02
-
- HP-UX 11.20 comes with BIND version 9.2.
- HP-UX 11.11 comes with BIND version 8.1.2.
- HP-UX 11.00 comes with BIND version 4.9.6.
- HP-UX 10.20 comes with BIND version 4.9.3.
- HP-UX 10.00 comes with BIND version 4.8.3.
-
- Use what(1) to determine what version of BIND is installed:
-
- $ what /usr/sbin/named | grep named
- /usr/sbin/named:
- named 8.1.2 Tue Feb 15 06:58:53 GMT 2000
-
- There are several patches available for BIND:
-
- o 11.11: PHNE_23275 - provides several bug fixes & new 'nsupdate' tool
- o 11.00: PHNE_23274 - upgrades BIND to v4.9.7.
- o 10.x: PHNE_23277 - upgrades BIND to v4.9.7.
-
- One can download a free copy of BIND 9.2.0 for 11i or BIND v8.1.2 for
- 11.00 from <http://software.hp.com/> ("enhancement releases" section).
- Note there are substantial differences between BIND 4.x and BIND 8.x/9.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.14 What version of sendmail comes with HP-UX?
- Updated: 12/11/02
-
- HP-UX 11.20 comes with sendmail version 8.11.1.
- HP-UX 11.11 comes with sendmail version 8.9.3.1.
- HP-UX 11.00 and 10.20 come with sendmail version 8.7.1.1.
- HP-UX 10.00/01/10 come with sendmail version 5.65.
-
- Use what(1) to determine what version of sendmail is installed:
-
- $ what /usr/sbin/sendmail | grep version
- /usr/sbin/sendmail:
- version.c 8.9.3.1 (Berkeley) 10/01/2000
-
- There are several patches available for sendmail:
-
- o 11.11: PHNE_25184 - provides a couple bug fixes
- o 11.00: PHNE_24419 - upgrades sendmail to v8.9.3.1 and provides a
- bunch of bug fixes
- o 10.20: PHNE_25183 - upgrades sendmail to v8.9.3.1 and provides a
- bunch of bug fixes
-
- One can download a free copy of sendmail 8.11.1 for 11.x or sendmail
- v8.8.6 for HP-UX 9.x or 10.0x/10 from <http://software.hp.com/>
- ("enhancement releases" section). Note there are substantial differences
- between sendmail 5.x and sendmail 8.x.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.15 What version of NFS comes with HPUX?
- Updated: 01/03/02
-
- o HP-UX 11.00/10/11 come with NFS Version 2 and 3 over UDP and TCP.
- o HP-UX 10.20 comes with NFS Version 2 over UDP. NFS Version 3 over
- UDP can be added by installing the latest XSW patch bundle or by
- installing the latest NFS patch - currently:
- - PHNE_25234
- o HP-UX 10.00/01/10 come with NFS Version 2 over UDP only.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.16 What is the difference between automount and AutoFS?
- Updated: 09/12/03
-
- There are two versions of the Automounter available:
-
- o automount: Also called the "legacy" or "user space" automounter,
- ported from SunOS 4.X. The legacy automounter supports
- NFS Version 2 over UDP ONLY (even on 11.x). When it
- runs, you see a process named "automount" running.
-
- o AutoFS: This is an older version of the Solaris AutoFS automounter.
- The AutoFS automounter supports NFS Version 2 and 3 over UDP
- and TCP. When it runs, you see a process named "automountd"
- running, and a kernel helper process called "autofs_proc".
- The "automount" command is used to re-read and update the
- AutoFS configuration. AutoFS is only available on 10.20 NFS
- patch versions since 1999. It is available on all 11.x NFS
- patch levels.
-
- The /etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf variable AUTOFS controls if the legacy
- automounter is used (AUTOFS=0), or if the AutoFS is used (AUTOFS=1). You
- cannot run both versions simultaneously on the same host. You can change
- between the versions by stopping the nfs.client service, updating
- nfsconf, and then restarting the nfs.client service.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.17 Can I configure multiple network interfaces on the same
- subnet?
- Added: 05/14/01
-
- You can configure it, but it may not do what you expect.
-
- When two ore more interfaces are configured into the same subnet, all
- interfaces can recieve traffic. However, only one of them will be used
- for outbound traffic - either the first or last configured (ifconfig)
- - I can never remember which.
-
- On 10.20, you are pretty much stuck unless you want to configure
- static routes pointing at each specific local interface IP to give you
- the outbound pattern you deisre.
-
- On HP-UX 11.X, you can use ndd to set ip_strong_es_model to a value of
- 1. This will force route lookup to include the source IP address. In
- effect, you get per-interface routes. It also means that the system
- will only accept traffic to a given IP address on the interface with
- that same IP address configured.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.7.18 Does HP-UX come with a DHCP server?
- Added: 08/23/01
-
- Yes, bootpd can act as a DHCP server, as well as a BOOTP server. To
- configure it you'll need to add client entries in /etc/dhcptab and
- uncomment the bootps line in /etc/inetd.conf. See bootpd(1M) for
- details.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- 5.7.19 Is there a port management tool / firewall for HP-UX?
- Updated: 01/23/03
-
- Yes, for HP-UX 11.x there is HP IP Filter. It is a free add-on and is
- based on the public domain IP Filter package. You can find it on the
- HP-UX Applications CDs from March 2001 or later. Look for the following
- bundle:
-
- B9901AA HP IPFilter 4.0alpha18 A.04.00
-
- It is also available for download from:
-
- o
- <http://software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?productNumber=B9901AA>
-
- It is recommended that you install the latest ARPA Transport patch before
- using IP Filter:
-
- o For 11.11: PHNE_27063
- o For 11.00: PHNE_27886
-
- HP IP Filter is not available for 10.x.
-
- You can find documentation, source code, and instructions for building IP
- Filter for HP-UX 11.x from source at the IP filter homepage:
-
- o <http://www.ipfilter.org/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8 Peripheral Devices
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.1 How do I use the floppy drive on my HP-UX workstation?
- Updated: 04/30/01
-
- HP9000 workstations can be equipped with a 3.5" floppy drive, which
- enables the use of DOS-formatted 1.44 MB floppy disks. Older systems
- use SCSI floppy drives, newer systems use standard PC floppy drives.
- To use the floppy drive:
-
- If you intend to write to the floppy disk, make sure that the write
- protect tab is set to WRITE (tab closed). Insert the disk into the
- floppy drive. To view the contents of the floppy disk enter the
- command:
-
- $ dosls /dev/rfloppy/c0t1d0:
-
- (The exact name device file depends on your machine type.) To copy
- files to or from the floppy disk, use the doscp command. For example:
-
- $ doscp somefile /dev/rfloppy/c0t1d0:
- $ doscp /dev/rfloppy/c0t1d0:/somefile ~
-
- For details of these commands and other related commands (dosmkdir,
- dosrm, etc.), consult dosif(4). To eject the floppy disk, press the
- button located below and to the right of the slot where you inserted
- the floppy disk.
-
- The dosif commands are very slow; a faster alternative that can handle
- long filenames and also works with ZIP drives and similar devices is
- the free Mtools package, available from the HP-UX Porting and Archive
- Center (see 7.1.2.1) and <http://www.tux.org/pub/knaff/mtools/>.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.2 How can I format a floppy under HP-UX?
-
- There is no HP-fully-supported way of getting an MS-DOS floppy formatted
- on HP-UX. (Once you have a PC-compatible floppy, the series of commands
- referenced in the dosif(4) manpage allow you to read and write the
- floppies).
-
- However, there is a workaround. Perform the basic mediainit with the
- -f16 switch (this causes the floppy to beeeeeeeee formatted with the full
- 80
- tracks, rather than HP's default safer-but-nonstandard 77+3spare tracks,
- 512-byte sectors, no sector skew: just like the most basic PC floppies).
- Then copy on the FAT, directory, label, and other such magic from an
- honest-to-goodness formatted-on-a-real-PC drive into the first N sectors.
- For sizes up to 1.44MB floppies, N=20 is more than enough; I don't have
- the values for the rarely used 2.88MB size (and I don't think the drives
- in the s700 handle that size anyway). This header magic should be copied
- off an honest-to-goodness PC floppy once with the command
-
- # dd if=/dev/rfloppy of=/a/good/place/to/store/the/header bs=512 \
- count=20
-
- and then written back to each "cloned" floppy with the same command,
- reversing "if" and "of". (Slightly faster performance is possible using
- the variant:
-
- # dd of=/dev/rfloppy if=/the/copied/header ibs=512 count=20 obs=9k \
- conv=sync
-
- This causes floppy I/O to be done in multiples of 9kB, i.e. one cylinder
- at a time.)
-
- You should of course have two such headers, one for 720kB and one for
- 1.44MB floppies: lying to MS-DOS or the dos* utilities about the floppy
- capacity would be a bad idea. If you're writing a script to automate
- all this, you can determine the capacity of a floppy loaded in the drive
- using the following fragment of Korn shell:
-
- kbsize=$( diskinfo -b /dev/rfloppy 2>/dev/null )
- if (( $? != 0 || $kbsize == 0 )) ; then
- print -u2 "$0: Wot, no media!?"
- rm -f core # 9.01s700 diskinfo coredumps
- exit 1
- fi
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.3 How can I get an Exabyte to work on an HP?
- Updated: 01/23/03
-
- A number of Exabyte drives are supported by HP-UX, though, in some cases,
- the tape drive's firmware may need to be updated. Information on
- upgrading your tape drive to the latest firmware can be obtained here:
-
- o <http://www.exabyte.com/downloads>
-
- To determine the level of firmware installed in a tape drive, try:
-
- # ioscan -funC tape
-
- It is also not a bad idea to upgrade the system's SCSI tape drivers -
- stape (tape2 also, on 10.x). However, this will require a reboot...
-
- o For HP-UX 10.10, install PHKL_19804.
- o For HP-UX 10.20, install PHKL_22855.
- o For HP-UX 11.00, install PHKL_28216.
- o For HP-UX 11.11, install PHKL_28217.
-
- Several third-party vendors of backup software (to be specific - BakBone,
- Computer Associates, Legato, SCH, SOPRA, and VERITAS) support certain
- Exabyte drives on HP-UX. For a complete listing of which vendors support
- which drives, see:
-
- o <http://www.exabyte.com/support/online/documentation/os.cfm?id=11>
-
- What about OmniBack, you may ask. Though
- <http://www.exabyte.com/support/online/documentation/software.cfm?id=31>
- indicates that HP's OpenView OmniBack II software supports Exabytes only
- on the Windows platform, HP does support the Exabyte 8505XL drive
- (internal and external) with OmniBack 2.1 and later for HP-UX systems.
- For details, see:
-
- o
- <http://www.managementsoftware.hp.com/products/omniback/specifications/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.4 How can I get a stuck DDS tape out of the drive?
-
- 1) Power down your machine (remember shutdown!!! ;-))
- 2) Open it up (you'll prob. need Torx screwdrivers).
- 3) On the side of the drive, you should see a small rectangular piece
- of plastic. Gently pry it off... it should come off quite easily.
- 4) The aforementioned piece of plastic covers a hole, which houses a
- small dial. Spinning this dial ejects the tape.
- 5) Replace plastic piece, close machine... and Bob's your uncle.
-
- p.s. The dial has very little torque (ie. the tape comes out quite
- slowly, but you can see it move. It'll take about 2-3 minutes of
- spinning before the tape comes out.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.5 Do I need to terminate the internal SCSI on a 700?
-
- According to some people, an unterminated internal SCSI on a 700
- will cause interrupts which are ignored but slow down the machine.
- Terminate to be safe.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.6 How can I play audio CDs on an HP workstation's CD-ROM
- drive?
- Updated: 03/29/01
-
- Use xmcd.
-
- Xmcd is a full-featured CD Player utility package including xmcd, a CD
- Player for the X window system using the Motif graphical user interface,
- and cda, a command-line driven, text-mode CD Player which also features a
- curses-based, screen-oriented mode. Both utilities transform your
- CD-ROM,
- CD-R or CD-RW drive into a stereo CD player, allowing you to play music
- CDs on your computer.
-
- A CD database feature is supported, maintaining the disc artist/title,
- track titles, and arbitrary text (such as band information and song
- lyrics). A large Xmcd database can be downloaded from the Liverpool
- archive; the name of the package is xmcd_cddb.
-
- Moreover, xmcd supports CD recognition via CDDB[TM], and even supports
- using a proxy server to get to CDDB[TM] servers from behind a firewall.
-
- Xmcd controls the CD-ROM drive only, and does not control the built-in
- audio hardware on SGI, Sun, HP and some other workstations. Thus, there
- is no way to make the CD-ROM play via the workstation's internal
- speakers,
- unless an external program is used to control the audio hardware.
-
- Use headphones or high quality external amplified speakers,
- connected to the front jack on your CD-ROM drive. This setup should
- provide sound quality that is superior to the system's internal speakers.
-
- If you are running HP-UX 10.x or later, you may need to install an
- "Audio Subsystem" patch from HP in order for the system to recognize the
- CD-ROM drive as an input source:
-
- o 10.01/10/20: PHSS_22935
- o 11.00: PHSS_22936
-
- Xmcd is free, Open Source software, released under the GNU General Public
- License.
-
- Precompiled binaries can be downloaded from the Xmcd homepage
- (<http://www.ibiblio.org/tkan/xmcd/>) or the Liverpool HP-UX archive.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.7 How can I set up /dev/audio to point to the external jack
- on a 700?
-
- Alter the /dev/audio device file as follows:
-
- crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 57 0x208011 /dev/audio ; external
- jack
- crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 57 0x208000 /dev/audio ; internal
- speaker
-
- The command is:
-
- # mknod /dev/audio c 57 0x2080?? # replace ?? w/ 00 or 11
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.8 How can I configure the parallel port handshake on a 700?
-
- Check out cent(7).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.9 What are the specs of the audio hardware on the 700
- series?
-
- This is a summary of the audio features supported by the model 715, 725,
- 735, and 755 workstations. The 705 and 710 also have audio, but the
- specs
- are not available. The 720, 730, and 750 models DO NOT have audio.
-
- Audio features Programmable sample rates (kHz): 8, 11.025, 16,
- 22.05,32, 44.1, 48
- Programmable output attenuation: 0 to -96 dB in 1.5 dB
- steps
- Programmable input gain: 0 to 22.5 dB in 1.5 dB steps
- Input monitoring
- Coding formats: 16-bit linear, 8-bit mulaw, or A-law
-
- Audio inputs Line in
- (not on all models) Mono microphone with 1.5V phantom power
-
- (Editorial comment - a Sun microphone appears to work just fine.)
-
- Audio outputs Line out
- (not on all models) Headphone
- Mono speaker jacks
- Built-in mono speaker
-
- Audio CODEC Crystal CS4215
-
- Typical specifications measured on a stock 715. Values will differ only
- slightly on other models.
-
- Frequency response 25 - 20,000 Hz
-
- Input Sensitivity/Impedance
- Line In 2.0 V(pk) / 47 kohms
- Microphone 22 mV(pk) / 1 kohm
-
- Output Impedance (nominal)
- Line out 619 ohms
- Headphone 118 ohms
- Speaker (ext) 11 ohms
-
- Max Output Level/Impedance
- Line Out 2.8 V (p-p) / 47 kohms
- Headphone 2.75 V (p-p) / 50 ohms
- Speaker (ext) 5.88 V (p-p) / 48 ohms
-
- Signal to Noise
- Line In 61 dB
- Line Out 65 dB
- Microphone 57 dB
- Headphone 61 dB
- Speaker (ext) 63 dB
-
- THD (at nominal load)
- Line In -75 dB
- Line Out -73 dB
- Microphone -73 dB
- Headphone -70 dB
- Speaker (ext) -68 dB
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.10 Is there a trackball for the 700?
- Updated: 04/04/01
-
- Yes, there are two options.
-
- BKS manufactures and markets THE ORIGINAL HP M1309A HP-HIL Trackball,
- plug-compatible with HP's standard 3-button HP-HIL mouse (~$350):
-
- o <http://www.trackballs.com/xlhil.htm>
- o <http://www.trackballs.com/xx.htm>
-
- Various MOUSE-TRAK trackballs are available for s700 HP workstations -
- no quad port adapter required (~$99-$325)
-
- o <http://www.mousetrak.com/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.11 What keyboards and mice are compatible with HP9000
- workstations?
- Added: 04/30/01
-
- Michael Piotrowski has assembled a web page that lists PS/2 and USB
- keyboards and mice that have been reported to work on HP9000
- workstations:
-
- o <http://www.linguistik.uni-erlangen.de/~mxp/kbd.en.html>
-
- As for serial mice, most Logitech or Microsoft models should work. The
- following entry would need to be in /etc/X11/X0devices:
-
- Begin_Device_Description
- Name pcmouse.1
- Use Pointer
- Path /dev/tty0p0
- End_Device_Description
-
- Be sure to change the device file if needed, and chmod it to 666 (the
- Xserver runs as 'daemon', not 'root', and it must have read/write access
- to the device file).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.12 How do I change the keyboard type (e.g. from UK to
- German
- or vice versa) after HP-UX is already installed?
- Updated: 12/30/03
-
- To change the keyboard type only until the next system reboot, execute
- the
- following commands as root:
-
- # /sbin/itemap -i -L
-
- To persist the new keyboard type setting across system reboots, execute
- the
- following commands as root:
-
- # rm /etc/kbdlang
- # /sbin/itemap -i -L -w /etc/kbdlang
-
- In either case, you will be prompted for the keyboard type, as you were
- during the OS installation.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.8.13 How do I ascertain which device file corresponds to my
- CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive?
- Added: 03/05/02
-
- To get the path of your CD-ROM or DVD-ROM device file:
-
- $ CDROM=`ioscan -fkn -C disk | awk '{if(match($0,"(CD|DVD)-"))\
- {getline;print $1}}'`
- $ echo $CDROM
-
- To verify that this device file path is correct:
- $ ioscan -k $CDROM
- or, as root:
- # diskinfo `echo $CDROM | sed 's:^/dev/:/dev/r:'`
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.9 Printers and Plotters
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.9.1 What happened to lpr?
- Updated: 04/05/01
-
- lpr is part of the BSD-style print queue system, which is being phased
- out
- over the next few years in favor of the System-V-style system. As of
- HP-UX 10.00, the SYSV system is bundled. Here's a quick cheatsheet:
-
- lpr -Pvaxps -> lp -dvaxps
- lpq -Pvaxps -> lpstat vaxps
- lprm -Pvaxps ID -> cancel vaxps ID
-
- Why would I want to switch over to the System-V-style HP-UX LP spooler?
-
- Because you can do neat things like:
-
- $ lp -dvaxps -odouble FILENAME
-
- which will print double-sided, that is, on both sides of the paper, if
- your printer supports it.
-
- How do I send output from nroff to HP LaserJet printers?
-
- Try this:
-
- $ nroff -Tlj ... | lp -onroff
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.9.2 Why does lpstat report the printer down, even though it's
- not?
-
- You may be missing the following line in your /etc/passwd, required for
- the LP system to function properly:
-
- lp:*:9:7::/var/spool/lp:/sbin/sh
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.9.3 How can I turn off the LP banner page?
- Updated: 04/04/01
-
- Depending on the type of spooler script, do either:
-
- a) Edit your /var/spool/lp/interface/"printer name" file, and disable
- the banner page. Note that if you are using the JetAdmin tool, the
- script will instead be /var/spool/lp/interface/model.orig/"printer
- name" The most commonly used means of diabling the banner page is
- changing the BANNER variable's value from "yes" to "no"
-
- b) Newer interface files (in /var/spool/lp/interface/*) may call
- /usr/sbin/rlp; if your model script does this then insert the
- following line before the /usr/sbin/rlp statement:
-
- BSDh="-h"
-
- The model script would now look something like:
-
- ...
- shift; shift; shift; shift; shift
- # Added the no banner option here
- BSDh="-h"
- /usr/sbin/rlp -I$requestid $BSDC $BSDJ $BSDT $BSDi $BSD1 $BSD2
- ...
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.9.4 How can I print man pages without losing the formatting?
- Updated: 04/07/01
-
- To get the italic and bold fonts from the man file on a LaserJet:
-
- $ zcat manfile.1 | nroff -man -Tlj | lp ...
-
- On a PostScript printer (you'll need GNU groff):
-
- $ zcat manfile.1 | groff -man -Tps | lp ...
-
- If your man file is a complex one including tables, pipe it through 'tbl'
- before piping it through 'nroff'.
-
- Some man pages like ioctl(2) may need the HP macros:
-
- $ zcat manfile.1 | groff -t -e -C -M/usr/lib/tmac -man -Tps | lp ...
-
- Note, on man files that are not compressed, use cat in place of zcat.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- 5.9.5 How can I view and print Postscript (.ps) files?
- Added: 07/08/02
-
- To view PostScript files, install the GhostScript package as well as the
- GhostView (gv) package. Then you can use gv (an X app) to display .ps
- files.
-
- To print PostScript (.ps) files, it is necessary to have a
- PostScript-compatible printer.
-
- If you do have a PostScript printer, simply use the 'lp' command as
- follows:
-
- $ lp foo.ps
-
- If you do not, there are public domain programs, for example,
- ghostscript,
- that can convert PostScript to other printer languages such as PCL.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.10 Process Management
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.10.1 How much memory can a process use?
- Updated: 04/07/01
-
- There are three kernel parameters that control this.
-
- The maximum user-stack segment size for a process is specified via the
- 'maxssiz' kernel parameter. The user-stack segment is where dynamically
- allocated (ie - malloc'ed) data is stored.
-
- The maximum shared-text segment size for a process is specified via the
- 'maxtsiz' kernel parameter. The shared-text segment is where executable
- code is stored.
-
- The maximum data segment size for a process is specified via the
- 'maxdsiz'
- kernel parameter. The data segment is where statically allocated data
- (ie - arrays) is stored.
-
- The max[std]siz parameters are fences, not consumable resources.
- Therefore, you can set them to large values with no impact on the kernel.
- Their sole purpose is to prevent poorly written programs from using
- massive amounts of memory.
-
- For the values of both maxssiz maxdsiz, use integers that are multiples
- of 4096 bytes, the system pagesize.
-
- More information on maxdsiz, maxssiz, and other process-related kernel
- parameters is provided online (see section 5.5.3 for more info).
-
- Another potential limiter is swap space. The combined virtual data space
- of all running processes can't exceed swap size. Run /etc/swapinfo -t
- and
- look at the "total" line. That's what you have left.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.10.2 Why do my processes keep dying at 64 MB memory usage?
- Updated: 04/08/01
-
- You need to increase the kernel parameter "maxdsiz". By default, the
- per-process data space is limited to 64 MB. More information on maxdsiz
- can be found online (see section 5.5.3).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.10.3 How do I set per-process limits?
- Added: 09/13/01
-
- Many system-wide per-process limits can be set by root by modifying
- kernel
- parameters. Regular users can also set some per-process limits via shell
- builtins. Of course, system-wide limits cannot be exceeded.
-
- In the POSIX and Korn shells, the 'ulimit' builtin command can be used to
- set pre-process limits. Though both builtins have the name ulimit, their
- capabilities and syntax are different.
-
- For the Korn shell (ksh), ulimit only affects the filesize limit, which
- defaults to 4194303, which ksh interprets to mean unlimited. See ksh(1).
-
- For the POSIX shell (sh), there are several variables that can be set
- with ulimit. The 'ulimit -a' command lists all the variables that can be
- set. There are soft and hard limits for these variables, and some ulimit
- maximum values are based on certain kernel parameters:
-
- Soft Limit Relevant Kernel Params
- ========================================================
- $ ulimit -aS
- time(seconds) unlimited
- file(blocks) unlimited
- data(kbytes) 65536 max determined by maxdsiz
- stack(kbytes) 8192 max determined by maxssiz
- memory(kbytes) unlimited
- coredump(blocks) 4194303
- nofiles(descriptors) 60 max determined by maxfiles
-
- Hard Limit Relevant Kernel Params
- ========================================================
- $ ulimit -aH
- time(seconds) unlimited
- file(blocks) unlimited
- data(kbytes) 65536
- stack(kbytes) 8192
- memory(kbytes) unlimited
- coredump(blocks) unlimited
- nofiles(descriptors) 1024 max determined by maxfiles_lim
-
- See also sh-posix(1).
-
- The C shell (csh) has similar variables. These variables can be set
- using
- the csh 'limit' builtin command. See csh(1).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.10.4 How can I tell what files, ports, etc.. a process has
- open?
- Added: 11/10/01
-
- You need to download and install lsof (LiSt Open Files), an indispensable
-
- freeware utility. The lsof homepage is:
-
- o <http://www-rcd.cc.purdue.edu/~abe/>
-
- HP-UX binaries can be downloaded from one of the below sites:
-
- o <ftp://vic.cc.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/binaries/hpux/>
- o <http://hpux.connect.org.uk/hppd/hpux/Sysadmin/lsof-4.64/>
-
- However, the author discourages using precompiled binaries, and instead
- recommends compiling lsof yourself on the same system on which you'll be
- running it.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.10.5 How can I get the ps command to display more than 64
- characters of process command lines?
- Added: 01/22/03
-
- It is finally possible on any 11.x system!
-
- 11i adds a new option -x to ps that will display up to 1K of the command
- line. On 11.00, this functionality can be added by installing the
- following patches:
-
- o PHKL_28202
- o PHKL_26008
- o PHCO_26274
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.11 Routine Tasks
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.11.1 How can I track log files and core files?
-
- SAM allows you to track all standard log files and trim them if desired.
- It will also find all core files on a file system and allow you to get
- rid of them.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.11.2 What's a good strategy for clearing /tmp and /var/tmp?
- Updated: 03/29/01
-
- Run the below shell script from root's crontab:
-
- #!/bin/sh
- DAYS=7
- DIRS="/tmp /var/tmp"
- find $DIRS -depth -fsonly vxfs -fsonly hfs -atime +$DAYS \
- -exec rm -rf {} \;
-
- The -depth option ensures no directory is removed before its contents,
- -fsonly options are to avoid attempting ttttttttto remove files beneath
- NFS or
- CDFS mountpoints that might exist.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12 Software Management
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.1 General Software Management
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.1.1 Where can I find out more about Software Distributor
- (SD-UX)?
- Updated: 03/30/01
-
- HP Software Distributor, also known as SD-UX, is used to install, update,
- remove, and package software on HP-UX 10.0 and later. SD-UX is often
- informally shortened to just SD (even though there is also an unbundled
- HP OpenView product called SD-OV that offers enhancements over SD-UX).
- All HP-UX 10.x and 11.x software is shipped on media compatible with SD.
-
- SD offers three user interfaces:
-
- 1. An interactive graphical user interface available for the swinstall,
- swcopy, and swremove commands.
-
- 2. An interactive user interface suitable for ASCII terminals (on S800)
- for the swinstall, swcopy, and swremove commands.
-
- 3. A non-interactive command-line user interface for all commands.
-
- The SD-UX manual ("Managing HP-UX Software With SD-UX") is available
- online:
-
- o for 11.11:
- <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90699/00/00/1-con.html>
- o for 11.00:
- <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90154/00/00/1-con.html>
- o for 10.xx:
- <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90127/00/00/1-con.html>
-
- There are also several excellent whitepapers available on SD-UX's
- patch-related features:
-
- For 11.x:
-
- o <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STK/hpuxpatch.html>
- o <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STK/partner/hpuxpatching.html>
- o <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/os/11.0/index.html#Patch%20Management>
-
- For 10.x:
-
- o <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/os/10.x/index.html#Patch%20Management>
-
- For additional information on SD commands and features, see the SD manual
- pages (start with sd(5)) and the SD GUI's online help.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.1.2 How can I tell what products have been loaded on my
- system?
-
- Use the swlist command. See swlist(1M).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.1.3 How do I safely remove software from my system?
-
- Use the swremove command. See swremove(1M).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.1.4 How is the unique node ID used for licensing
- determined?
- Added: 04/16/01
-
- Most licensing systems (LicensePower/iFOR, FLEX/lm, SentinelLM, NetLS,
- etc..) uniquely identify a system by the MAC address of the system's
- primary network interface (the interface with the lowest ID number -
- usually lan0). The MAC address (aka - Station Address or Physical
- Address) can be obtained by running lanscan, like so:
-
- $ lanscan
-
- HP-UX 10.x/11.x comes with the LicensePower/iFOR product, which uses only
- the rightmost eight bytes of the MAC address as the "target ID." This
- number can be obtained using the following iFOR command:
-
- $ /opt/ifor/ls/bin/i4target -v
-
- There is also the hardware identification number which is stored on the
- SPU board. This is the number that is used by HP Software Distributor to
- uniquely identify a system. The SPU ID can also be used on systems that
- have no network interface. SPU IDs can only be reset by certified HP
- technicians.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.1.5 What is Ignite-UX?
- Added: 04/16/01
-
- Ignite-UX is an HP-UX administration toolset to help you:
-
- o Install HP-UX 10.x, 11.0 and 11i on multiple systems in your network.
- o Create custom install configurations.
- o Recover HP-UX systems remotely.
- o Monitor system-installation status.
-
- Ignite can be downloaded free of charge from:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/products/IUX/>
-
- This page also contains links to Ignite documentation, release notes,
- FAQ,
- specifications, mailing lists, and training.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.2 Patch Management
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.2.1 Where do I get HP-UX patches?
- Added: 04/06/01
-
- All customers with a valid software agreement are sent quarterly releases
- titled "Support Plus" (previously called "Extension Software"). On each
- CD are the latest patch bundles for ALL supported OS/platform
- combinations. If you are not receiving "Support Plus" CDs and would like
- to start receiving them, contact HP.
-
- Note that you can get "Support Plus" on tape, but HP is encouraging folks
- to use CD-ROM. If you have a support contract you can call the Response
- Center (800-633-3600) and have the patches sent to you on tape.
-
- For information on how to download "Support Plus" patch bundles, or
- individual patches, from the Internet, see question 7.1.1.1.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.2.2 How can I list all installed patches?
- Updated: 04/16/01
-
- On 10.00 and later, use:
-
- $ swlist -l product 'PH??_*'
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.2.3 How can I tell what patches are in the kernel?
- Updated: 03/23/01
-
- Kernel patches are required to register their presence when they are
- installed into the system's kernel (/stand/vmunix). The what(1) utility
- will list this information:
-
- $ what /stand/vmunix | grep PH.._
-
- You can compare the output of the above with the output of the command
- "swlist -l product 'PH??_*'" command.
-
- A typical kernel patch string is in HP-UX 10.x or 11.0 looks like:
-
- PATCH_11.00: pty.o 1.6.118.4 00/03/29 PHNE_21433
-
- And in 11.x, patch strings look like:
-
- mem.c $Date: 2001/01/29 17:53:59 $Revision: r11.11/1 PATCH_11.11...
- ...(PHKL_23250)
-
- All patches named PHKL*, and some patches named PHNE*, are kernel
- patches.
- See question x.x.x for a description of the patch naming scheme used by
- HP.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.2.4 How do I get rid of old 10.x patches or superseded
- patches?
- Updated: 05/06/03
-
- DO NOT USE SWREMOVE! swremove will check the scripts for the patch you
- ask it to remove, and happily remove whatever file you tell it to, and
- replace it with an earlier version of the patch from /var/adm/sw/patch/
- (if one exists).
-
- NOTE: If you have already removed previous OS version patches with
- swremove, you will either 1) need to restore from backup, or 2) reload
- the OS.
-
- First download and install one of the following patches, which contain
- the HP-UX patch tools:
-
- o 10.x: PHCO_20824 ('cleanup' only)
- o 11.00: PHCO_27779 ('cleanup', 'check_patches', & 'show_patches')
- o 11.11: PHCO_27780 ('cleanup', 'check_patches', & 'show_patches')
-
- The patch tools come with 11.00, but you should still install patch
- PHCO_24347 to fix several bugs that exist in it.
-
- The 'cleanup' tool is used to commit patches while preserving a set level
- of rollback, remove HP-UX 10.x patch information from the IPD, and prune
- superseded patches from a depot. The 'check_patches' utility checks for
- partially installed (split) patches, incorrect patch_state, patch
- attribute corruption, and objects within an archive library. The
- 'show_patches' tool can display the set of active or superseded patches
- on a system.
-
- To remove old 10.x patches from /var/adm/sw/patch/, use the command:
-
- # cleanup -i
-
- Committing a patch causes rollback files associated with that patch to be
-
- deleted from /var/adm/sw/save/.
-
- To commit all patches that have been superseded at least twice, use
- the command:
-
- # cleanup -c 2
-
- On 11.x, to commit a patch that has not been superseded, use the command:
-
- # swmodify -x patch_commit=true <patch-name(s)>
-
- In case you were wondering, 'cleanup -c 0' does not work.
-
- WARNING: Once the above swmodify command has been executed, you CANNOT
- roll back (remove) the patch unless you remove the associated
- base software that the patch modified. For this reason, I do
- not recommend doing it unless you desperately need to free up
- space under /var, and you have exhausted all other means of
- doing so.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.2.5 How can I install multiple patches, without having to
- reboot more than once?
- Updated: 04/10/01
-
- Use swcopy(1M) on each patch to copy the patch into a local depot, then
- use swinstall(1M) to install all patches contained in the local depot.
-
- # swcopy -s /tmp/PHCO_12345.depot -x enforce_dependencies=false \* \
- @ /tmp/my_patch_depot
- # swcopy -s /tmp/PHCO_67890.depot -x enforce_dependencies=false \* \
- @ /tmp/my_patch_depot
-
- etc..
-
- # swinstall -s /tmp/my_patch_depot -x autoreboot=true \*
-
- The following script automates the process of creating the depot:
-
- #!/sbin/sh
- # cd to the directory where the patches are (PHxx_xxxx) and start
- # this script. it will extract the patches one by one and create
- # a patch-depot in $PDEPOT.
-
- PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
- PDEPOT=/tmp/my_patch_depot
- for PFILE in PH*[0-9]; do
- sh $PFILE
- rm $PFILE
- done
- # It's a good habit first reading the PHxx_xxxx.text files before
- deleting
- # them.
- # rm *.text
- for PFILE in PH*depot; do
- swcopy -s -x enforce_dependencies=false $PWD/$PFILE \* @ $PDEPOT
- done
- clear
- echo
- "*********************************************************************"
- echo " PLEASE NOTE: The Patch depot $PDEPOT has been created."
- echo
- "*********************************************************************"
- echo "Please start swinstall with $PDEPOT as the source, and don't"
- echo "forget to unregister the depot (e.g. swreg -u -l depot $PDEPOT)."
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.2.6 How do I configure swlist to not display superseded
- patches?
- Added: 04/10/01
-
- A new option to swlist, "show_superseded_patches", was introduced in
- HP-UX
- 11.00 via the SD-UX cumulative patch PHCO_20078. In 11.00, by default,
- swlist displays all installed patches, including superseded ones. In
- 11.10+, by default, swlist does not display superseded patches.
-
- Assuming you have PHCO_20078, or any more recent SD-UX cumulative
- patch installed, you may change the default behavior of swlist in 11.00.
- To do so, add the following line to the file /var/adm/sw/defaults:
-
- swlist.show_superseded_patches = false
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.2.7 What is the naming convention used for HP-UX patch
- names?
- Added: 04/05/01
-
- A patch name consists of the characters "PH" (Patch HP-UX), followed by
- a two-character type-identifier, followed by an underscore, followed by
- a four or five-digit number.
-
- The currently defined patch types are:
-
- CO - COmmands & libraries
- KL - KerneL
- NE - NEtworking
- SS - SubSystems
-
- An example name of a Kernel patch name would be "PHKL_23507."
-
- Kernel patches always require a system reboot, so that the newly updated
- kernel can be loaded. Many Networking patches (PHNE*) also make
- modifications to the kernel, and hence require a reboot.
-
- Note that the numerical portion of any given patch name is unique, among
- ALL patches. So there would never be a patch named "PHCO_23507", in
- addition to a patch named "PHKL_23507." This lends itself nicely to
- grepping for a particular patch (ie - to see if "PHKL_23507" is
- installed, one could use "swlist -l product | grep 23507"
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.12.2.8 Where can I get OpenView patches?
- Added: 04/17/01
-
- Patches for the various HP OpenView products, can be obtained at:
-
- o <http://support.openview.hp.com/cpe/patches/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.13 Time
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.13.1 How can I change the timezone?
- Updated: 05/03/02
-
- The timezone is dtermined by reading the 'TZ' environment variable.
-
- This variable is set when you execute 'set_parms timezone'. Set_parms
- edits the file '/etc/TIMEZONE,' which exports the 'TZ' environment
- variable. When you reboot after executing set_parms, the file
- /etc/TIMEZONE will be read and your TZ variable set to the value you
- specified. The value is in the format:
-
- [:]STDoffset[DST[offset][,rule]]
-
- For example: PST8PDT for the U.S. Pacific Time Zone
-
- See the environ(5) manpage for a detailed description of the format.
-
- Note, the offset for daylight savings time is supplied by the
- '/usr/lib/tztab' configuration file.
-
- libc functions like ctime use the 'TZ' variable to determine the
- timezone.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.13.2 How can I print yesterday's or tomorrow's date?
- Updated: 07/31/01
-
- From the command-line:
- ======================
- [Using Perl]
- To print yesterday's date:
-
- $ perl -e
- '@T=localtime(time-86400);printf("%02d/%02d/%02d",$T[4]+1,$T[3],($T[5]+1900)%100)'
-
- To print tomorrow's date:
-
- $ perl -e
- '@T=localtime(time+86400);printf("%02d/%02d/%02d",$T[4]+1,$T[3],($T[5]+1900)%100)'
-
- [the TZ trick]
- If the system is located WEST of the Greenwich Meridian (ie - in the
- Americas), you can determine tomorrow's date by temporarily subtracting
- 24 hours from the timezone offset, like so:
-
- $ offset=`echo $TZ | tr -d '[A-Z+]'`
- $ new_offset=`echo $offset - 24 | bc`
- $ TZ=`echo $TZ | sed "s/[+-]\{0,1\}[1-9][0-9]\{0,1\}/$new_offset/` \
- date +%D
-
- Unfortunately, in this part of the world, a similar method method cannot
- be used to obtain yesterday's date, because, under HP-UX, the timezone
- offset can not be greater than +24.
-
- If the system is located EAST of the Greenwich Meridian (ie - in Europe),
- you can determine yesterday's date by temporarily adding 24 hours to the
- timezone offset, like so:
-
- $ offset=`echo $TZ | tr -d '[A-Z+]'`
- $ new_offset=`echo $offset + 24 | bc`
- $ TZ=`echo $TZ | sed "s/[+-]\{0,1\}[1-9][0-9]\{0,1\}/$new_offset/` \
- date +%D
-
- Unfortunately, in this part of the world, a similar method method cannot
- be used to obtain tomorrow's date, because, under HP-UX, the timezone
- offset cannot be less than -24.
-
- [GNU date]
- The GNU date command has a powerful -d option that the HP-UX date command
- does not have. You can do things like:
-
- $ date -d yesterday
- $ date -d '2 days ago'
- $ date -d '1 week ago'
- $ date -d tomorrow
- $ date -d '2 days'
- $ date -d '1 week'
-
- GNU date is part of the GNU sh_utils package. You can grab precompiled
- HP-UX binaries from the Liverpool archive.
-
- Programmatically
- ================
- You can write a simple (and portable) C program that does the job using
- the good ol' time() function:
-
- #include <time.h>
- time_t today = time(null);
- time_t yesterday = today - (time_t)(24 * 60 * 60);
- time_t tomorrow = today + (time_t)(24 * 60 * 60);
- char *date_yesterday = ctime(&yesterday);
- char *date_tomorrow = ctime(&tomorrow);
-
- NOTE: Daylight Savings Time causes problems with the above code, since
- there are two days in the year when this program would fail due to
- the fact that some days don't have 24 hours. Calling this program
- early in the morning, the day after a 23-hour day, will give you
- the day before yesterday. Calling this program late at night, on
- a 25-hour day would give you the same day.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.13.3 How can I convert a timestamp (seconds since the Epoch)
- to a date/time string?
- Added: 04/06/01
-
- This can be accomplished using 'adb' as follows:
-
- echo "0d$timer=Y" | adb | tr -d '\011'
-
- where $timer is the timestamp you wish to convert.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.13.4 What is the purpose of the 'timezone' and 'dst' kernel
- parameters?
- Added: 05/03/02
-
- The 'TZ' environment variable and the 'timezone' and 'dst' kernel
- parameters are two independent features to handle timezones and daylight
- savings time. The former is meant to replace the latter. Unless your
- application programs use out-of-date system calls, you do not have to
- configure the 'timezone' or 'dst' kernel parameters.
-
- According to the SAM help menu, the 'timezone' and 'dst' kernel
- parameters
- should be kept in sync with the 'TZ' variable. This was true in the past,
- when older system calls were used which referenced the kernel parameters.
- These two system calls are gettimeofday(2) and ftime(2). HP-UX
- applications and most third party applications do not use these system
- calls any more. The manpage for gettimeofday(2) states: "Programs should
- use this time zone information only in the absence of the 'TZ'
- environment
- variable."
-
- As long as your application programs use standard libc functions to
- obtain
- timezone information, you do not have to set the 'timezone' or 'dst'
- kernel
- parameters.
-
- If you still need to set these parameters, here is how to do so:
-
- o for 'timezone': multiply the TZ_offset by 60; i.e. for EST5EDT:
- TZ_offset = 5, so timezone = 5 * 60 = 300
- (Valid values range from -720 to 720)
- o for 'dst': check the DST setting and select the proper 'dst' kernel
- value (valid dst values are listed in the SAM help menu
- for 'dst' kernel parameter)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.14 Users and Groups
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.14.1 How can I tell if I need more than a 2-user license?
- Updated: 04/10/01
-
- For Series 700/800 machines running HP-UX 10.20 or 11.00, this is no
- longer an issue, since HP is giving away unlimited user licenses!
- Simply go to <http://software.hp.com/> and search for "unlimited
- license".
- Then, download the UnlimUserLic bundle, and install it. No more 2-user
- limit!
-
- An unlimited license is included with 11.11 and later.
-
- For earlier HP-UX releases, there are several fundamental things to
- remember about HP-UX licensing:
-
- o Display console counts as one user
- o Each ASCII terminal counts as a user, regardless of how it is
- connected
- o The LAN connection counts as one user
-
- ASCII Terminals
- ===============
- The simple rule to remember is any ASCII terminal that is logged in
- counts as a user.
-
- ASCII terminal connections can come in several different forms:
- o Direct-connected via a serial terminal multiplexer
- o Connected via Data Terminal Concentrators (DTCs) or via
- terminal servers
- o Personal Computers (PCs) acting in terminal emulation mode,
- whether connected via serial line or via Local Area Network (LAN)
-
- X-terminals and workstations
- ============================
- When a customer buys an X-terminal or workstation from HP or from
- another vendor, HP acknowledges that the customer has also bought a
- single UNIX license-to-use.
-
- Therefore, the customer has the right to an unlimited number of logins
- and
- terminal windows _over_the_LAN_ to a Series 700 or Series 800 from either
- X-terminals or workstations. These logins can be via X terminal windows
- (_hpterm_ and _xterm_), _telnet_, _rlogin_, or other means.
-
- PC's that use X-terminal emulation software such as XView each count the
- same as an X terminal. This is because the PC essentially becomes an
- X-terminal when it is running the X server software. Therefore, when a PC
- is running an X-terminal emulator, the PC has the right to an unlimited
- number of logins to an HP-UX system.
-
- To purchase license upgrades for HP-UX 10.10 and earlier, go to
- <http://software.hp.com/> and search for "operating license upgrade".
- You'll be provided with a link to a reseller from which you can purchase
- upgrades.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.14.2 How can I set up group-based FTP access?
- Updated: 04/20/01
- See-Also: item 7.1.1.3
-
- Here is how to set up ftp so that a group of users only have ftp access,
- they all have their own individual passwd, but they all access the same
- set of files (i.e., the system thinks they are all really the same ftp
- user). With only a slight change, you can have a group of users that
- only have ftp access, each with their own individual passwd, and access
- only to their own set of files (this is left as an exercise for the
- reader).
-
- 1) Set up anonymous ftp (assumed in later instructions to be at
- /users/ftp).
-
- 2) Add a user and group to /etc/passwd and /etc/group.
-
- For example, in /etc/passwd:
-
- ftpuser:*:1000:1000:FTP User:/users/ftp/ftpusers:/bin/false
-
- and in /etc/group:
-
- ftpgroup:*:1000:ftpuser
-
- Note that ftpuser login is disabled (a "*" in the password field).
- This allows various utilities (such as "ls") to recognize files
- that belong to an ftp user (particularly important for backups).
-
- 3) In /users/ftp/etc, you must have a group and passwd file, of the same
- format as their related system files. For example, in
- /users/ftp/etc/group add:
-
- ftpgroup:*:1000:
-
- and in /users/ftp/etc/passwd add:
-
- ftpuser:*:1000:1000:FTP User:/ftpusers:/bin/false
-
- Also, for each individual that you want to give access, add an
- additional entry. Note that these have passwords (see passwd(1)
- for instructions on setting passwords in this file).
-
- george:3RgfBzfnipJPQ:1000:1000:George Smith \
- (FTP User):/ftpusers:/bin/false
-
- A few things to notice. "ftpuser" is disabled. The home directory
- for ftpuser is simply "/ftpusers", since anonymous ftp performs a
- chroot to the home directory specified for ftp in /etc/passwd (see
- chroot(2) and chroot(1M) for details). "george" has the
- same uid, gid, and home directory that ftpuser has. "george"
- will login as george with his own password.
-
- 4) Under /users/ftp, create a directory "ftpusers". Make this
- directory with owner "ftpuser" and group "ftpgroup", with 770
- permissions. This effectively prevents anonymous ftp access to this
- directory, since it is not world readable/writable.
-
- That's it.
-
- Users access the system via anonymous:
-
- $ ftp sysname
- Connected to sysname.whatever.
- 220 sysname FTP server
- Name (something:someuser): ftp
- 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.
- Password:
- 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
- Remote system type is UNIX.
- Using binary mode to transfer files.
- ftp>
-
- Then, they use a sublogin to access their files:
-
- ftp> user george
- 331 Password required for george.
- Password:
- 230 User george logged in.
- ftp> pwd
- 257 "/ftpusers" is current directory.
- ftp>
-
- Users are placed in whatever directory is specified as their
- home directory in /users/ftp/etc/passwd (relative to the
- chroot at /users/ftp).
-
- To remove access, remove their passwd entry from
- /users/ftp/etc/passwd.
-
- This is all documented (though poorly) in the various ftp-related
- manpages.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.14.3 Has /etc/logingroup functionality changed in 11.x?
- Added: 05/03/02
-
- HP has confirmed the change from 10.x to 11.x in the setting of the
- group id at login time vis-a-vis /etc/logingroup.
-
- It's not documented, but now the behavior is sort of the *reverse* of
- 10.x behavior:
-
- 10.x:
- o no /etc/logingroup --> only GID is that from /etc/passwd.
- The user must execute 'newgrp' to change GID.
- o /etc/logingroup exists --> user is effectively the member of every
- group in which he is listed in /etc/logingroup, without
- having to do a 'newgrp'.
-
- A common trick is simply 'ln -s /etc/group /etc/logingroup' if you want
- membership in all groups listed in /etc/group.
-
- 11.x:
- o no /etc/logingroup --> user is effectively the member of *every*
- group in which he is listed in /etc/group
- o /etc/logingroup exists --> user is effectively the member of *only*
- the groups in which he is listed in /etc/logingroup.
-
- So, the "workaround" to get 11.x to behave as 10.x did, is simply:
-
- # >/etc/logingroup
-
- Now the user is now not listed in any groups in /etc/logingroup and so is
- only a member of the group listed /etc/passwd. I'm not sure why you'd
- ever
- want to fall back to the 10.X behavior except, maybe, legacy situations
- of
- some sort.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15 X-Windows and CDE
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1 X Window System (X11)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1.1 Where can I get X11R6?
- Updated: 04/09/01
-
- Despite the fact that the top of the X(1) manpage says "X Version 11
- Release 5", HP-UX 10.20 and later actually come with Release 6. If you
- want proof, just do a "what /usr/bin/X11/X". 10.20 comes with X11R6.1,
- and 11.x comes with X11R6.3. If you want to run the very latest release,
- you'll have to download the source from
- <http://www.x.org/Downloads_XWinSys.htm> and build it yourself - probably
- not worth the hassle.
-
- The basic core distribution of X11R6.1.1 can also be obtained from the
- Liverpool archive. The package names are:
-
- o XR6src - source
- o XR6built - binaries
-
- Notes:
-
- - the binaries are meant to be installed in /usr/local/X11R6
- (if you want them elsewhere, use a symbolic link, or grab the source)
- - most libraries come with archive and shhhhhhhhhared versions
- (and the built binaries mostly use the .sl versions)
- - this is JUST the core distribution (xc/////////)
- - xc/test and xc/workInProgress aren't innnnnnnnncluded in the built
- package
- (the source is present, but hasn't been looked at in the src packages)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1.2 Where can I get the missing X11 header files?
- Updated: 02/27/02
-
- As you may have noticed, HP does not ship a "full" set of X11 header
- (.h) files. You can obtain the missing files from one of three places:
-
- o HP ANSI C or HP ANSI C++ (aCC) optional products
-
- o HP's free HP-UX Linux Porting Kit:
- - order CD:
- <http://software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?productNumber=B9891AA>
- - download: <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/LPK/>
-
- o the InterWorks FTP site: <ftp://interworks.org/pub/comp.hp/X11R6/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1.3 How can I set up an HP-UX workstation as an X
- terminal?
- Updated: 01/08/01
-
- Add the following lines to /etc/inittab:
-
- # X server:
- X0:3:respawn:env PATH=/usr/bin/X11:/usr/bin X -query <hostname>
-
- Replace <hostname> with the hostname or IP address of the host running
- xdm, vuelogin, dtlogin, etc..
-
- See Xserver(1) for additional X server options.
-
- To prevent the login process from rapidly restarting at the console,
- disable getty (login) at runlevel "3".
-
- Edit /etc/inittab, and change the line:
- cons:123456:respawn:/usr/sbin/getty console console # system console
- to:
- cons:12456:respawn:/usr/sbin/getty console console # system console
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1.4 How do I get a scroll bar on hpterms?
- Updated: 04/01/01
-
- There are two ways to do this...
-
- At the command-line, enter:
-
- $ hpterm -sb -sl 1000 &
-
- The second way is to execute the following series of commands, prior to
- running hpterm:
-
- $ xrdb -m
- HPterm*scrollBar: True
- HPterm*saveLines: 1000
- (Ctrl-D)
-
- You can set saveLines to 1000 or some other arbitrarily large number.
- Alternatively, you can set saveLines to something like "4s", which
- indicates four screens. You can also set the above resources in an
- app-default file (/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/HPterm).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1.5 How can I change the title in my hpterm titlebar?
- Updated: 03/25/01
-
- From the command-line
- =====================
- LEN=`echo "$1\c" | wc -c`
- echo "\033&f0k${LEN}D${1}\c" # set title bar name
- echo "\033&f-1k${LEN}D${1}\c" # set icon name
-
- You can stick the following lines in your .profile or .kshrc to display
- the system name and current directory in your hpterm title bar & icon:
-
- if [ "$TERM" = hpterm ]; then
- alias cd=Hcd
- Hcd ()
- {
- if [ $# -ne 0 ]; then
- 'cd' "$@"
- else
- 'cd'
- fi
- NAME="$(uname -n):${PWD}"
- LEN=`echo "$NAME\c" | wc -c`
- # reset name of hpterm title bar & icon to $NAME
- echo "\033&f0k${LEN}D${NAME}\c" # set title bar name
- echo "\033&f-1k${LEN}D${NAME}\c" # set icon name
- }
- Hcd .
- fi
-
- Programmatically:
- =================
- Here's a two-line C program that'll do the trick:
-
- /* Quick and dirty program to put argv[1] in the title bar of an hpterm
- Tom Arons, March 1992
- */
- #include <string.h>
- main(argc,argv)
- int argc; char **argv;
- {
- printf("\033&f0k%dD%s", strlen(argv[1]), argv[1]);
- printf("\033&f-1k%dD%s", strlen(argv[1]), argv[1]);
- }
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1.6 Why do my terminal windows keep going away by
- themselves?
- Updated: 03/31/01
-
- You are probably using C Shell (/bin/csh) and have the autologout
- variable
- set (it is set to 60 minutes by default). Put an "unset autologout" in
- your .cshrc.
-
- If you are using the Korn (/bin/ksh) or POSIX shell (/bin/sh) it is
- probably due to the value set for the shell variable TMOUT. Set it to 0
- (infinite timeout) in your .kshrc or .profile.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1.7 How can I get console messages to go to an hpterm?
- Updated: 04/01/01
-
- You can avoid console messages writing to your graphics planes and
- trashing your CDE session by starting an hpterm and designating it to
- receive console messages, and to de-iconify, when console messages are
- received. Put something like this in your ~/.dt/sessions/sessionetc:
-
- # Start up the Terminal Console as iconic, and raise it if any output
- hpterm -C -iconic -ls -sb -sl 256 -name Console -T Console -map \
- -xrm *mapOnOutputDelay:\ 30 -xrm Console*********clientFunctions:\ -close
- \
- -xrm *workspaceList:\ all &
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1.8 What's a good termcap entry for hpterm?
- Updated: 04/07/01
-
- Although it is not supported for hpterm use, the 262x entry in
- /usr/newconfig/usr/share/lib/termcap will do the trick.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1.9 My screen is wedged. What should I do?
-
- One thing you can try is to unplug the keyboard for about 5 seconds.
- Note
- that you will have to rerun "xset -r" to get autorepeat to work after
- doing
- this.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.1.10 How can I get an X app to come up in an alternate
- workspace?
-
- Try:
-
- $ client -xrm "*workspaceList: <name>"
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.2 Common Desktop Environment (CDE)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.2.1 What happened to VUE?
-
- VUE has been replaced with CDE, which debuted with HP-UX 10.10. Starting
- with 10.20, CDE became the default windowing environment, though VUE was
- still provided as an option. As of 11.00, VUE is no longer part of
- HP-UX.
-
- The design of the CDE desktop incorporates and enhances many HP VUE
- features. Although the CDE desktop has a similar appearance to HP VUE,
- there are important differences. The differences include:
-
- o New and more customizable Front Panel
- o Graphical MIME-enabled mail application
- o Graphical Calendar
- o Graphical Print Queue Manager
- o New terminal emulator
- o Action and datatype syntax changes
- o ToolTalk messaging support
- o Desktop application registration
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.2.2 How do I start/stop/reset CDE (dtlogin)?
- Added: 04/03/01
-
- First off, to start/stop/reset CDE, you must first su to root.
-
- To start CDE (/usr/dt/bin/dtlogin):
-
- # /sbin/init.d/dtlogin.rc start
-
- To stop CDE (kill the dtlogin process):
-
- # /sbin/init.d/dtlogin.rc stop
-
- To Reset CDE (tell the dtlogin process to reread CDE config files to
- incorporate any changes):
-
- # /sbin/init.d/dtlogin.rc reset
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.2.3 How can I enable/disable CDE (dtlogin)?
- Added: 04/03/01
-
- To disable CDE:
-
- o Become root
- o Stop CDE as described in the previous item in this FAQ.
- o Execute the command "/usr/dt/bin/dtconfig -d"
-
- To enable CDE:
-
- o Become root
- o Start CDE as described in the previous item in this FAQ.
- o Execute the command "/usr/dt/bin/dtconfig -e"
-
- Under the covers, what "dtconfig -d" and "dtconfig -e" actually do is
- modify the file /etc/rc.config.d/desktop, which is the config file that
- is read by the CDE rc script, /sbin/init.d/dtlogin.rc.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.2.4 Why does id/groups not show secondary groups in
- dtterm/CDE?
- Updated: 04/22/03
-
- Under HP-UX 10.20 with CDE, if your account (at least with NIS[TM]) has
- multiple groups associated with it, the id/groups commands will not show
- the secondary groups inside a dtterm window ... and they in fact do not
- work. What is confusing is that they *do* work when you fire up an
- xterm.
- Note that /etc/logingroup is correctly symlinked to /etc/group.
-
- Installing the latest CDE Runtime patch will correct this problem, along
- with numerous other defects:
-
- o 11.20: patch PHSS_28058
- o 11.11: patch PHSS_27872
- o 11.00: patch PHSS_27869
- o 10.20: patch PHSS_27877
- o 10.10: patch PHSS_26488
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.2.5 How can I improve CDE's performance?
- Added: 04/03/01
-
- Performace can be substantially by disabling the 'enableMultiKeyBindings'
- resource as follows:
-
- o [ ! -f /etc/dt/config/C/sys.resources ] && \
- cp /usr/dt/config/C/sys.resources to /etc/dt/config/C/sys.resources
- o Edit /etc/dt/config/C/sys.resources, and find the resource:
- *enableMultiKeyBindings: True
- o Change the resource value from "True" to "False"
- *enableMultiKeyBindings: False
- !*enableMultiKeyBindings: True
- o Save /etc/dt/config/C/sys.resources and re-log into CDE.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.2.6 Is there a CDE FAQ?
- Added: 04/11/01
-
- Yes, it lives at:
-
- o <http://www.math.unizh.ch/locinfo/cde.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.2.7 When I log on to CDE, I want certain applications to
- automatically start. How can this be done ?
- Added: 04/11/01
-
- Create a script in ~/.dt/sessions named 'sessionetc' containing any
- commands you want CDE to execute at startup.
-
- If necessary, you can also use ~/.dt/sessions/sessionexit to execute
- commands at CDE exit time.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.2.8 How do I get cut-n-paste to work correctly with CDE?
- Updated: 04/22/03
-
- Text cut-n-paste (with the mouse buttons) does not work correctly between
- applications under HP-UX 10.x CDE, as delivered by HP. To fix this,
- set the 'enableBtn1Transfer' resource to 'False' as follows:
-
- o [ ! -f /etc/dt/config/C/sys.resources ] && \
- cp /usr/dt/config/C/sys.resources to /etc/dt/config/C/sys.resources
- o Edit /etc/dt/config/C/sys.resources, and find the resource:
- *enableBtn1Transfer: button2_transfer
- o Change the resource value from "button2_transfer" to "False"
- !*enableBtn1Transfer: button2_transfer
- *enableBtn1Transfer: False
- o Save /etc/dt/config/C/sys.resources and re-log into CDE.
-
- For 10.20, installing the latest CDE Runtime patch will fix the problem:
-
- o 10.20: patch PHSS_27877
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5.15.2.9 Why do NCD X-terminals hang when trying to connect via
- XDMCP to an HP-UX 10.20 host running CDE?
- Updated: 04/09/01
-
- This is probably a language negotiation problem. Copy the file
- /usr/dt/config/Xconfig into /etc/dt/config, then edit it. Find the bit
- that reads:
-
- ##########################################################################
- # To specify a default language for the display.
- #
- # Dtlogin*language: <lang>
-
- and modify it so it looks something like:
-
- ##########################################################################
- # To specify a default language for the display.
- #
- # Dtlogin*language: <lang>
- Dtlogin*language: en_GB.iso88591
-
- i.e. - Specify a language/locale rather than letting dtlogin use the
- default value of "C", which may not be acceptable to the client.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- 6. DEVELOPMENT
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.1 General
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.1.1 What threads support is provided?
- Added: 04/13/01
-
- The HP DCE package (version 1.5) shipped with HP-UX 10.x provides support
- for a threads package derived from The Open Group[TM]'s DCE 1.2.1 version
- which is based on the POSIX.4a draft 4 API and several extensions. In
- addition, it provides an exception support not specified in the POSIX.4a.
- HP-UX 10.x DCE threads are user-space threads.
-
- For more information on DCE threads, see thr_intro(3).
-
- HP-UX 11.x ships with DCE v1.7. In addition, 11.x provides a POSIX
- threads package based on the POSIX.1c-1996 standard. 11.x POSIX threads
- are kernel-space threads.
-
- For more information on POSIX.1c threads, see pthread(3T).
-
- For an in-depth look at threads, pick up a copy of the book:
-
- "ThreadTime" by Scott J. Norton and Mark D. DiPasquale, Prentice-Hall,
- ISBN 0131900676, 1996.
-
- Another valuable resource is the comp.programming.threads FAQ:
-
- o <http://www.serpentine.com/~bos/threads-faq/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.1.2 What's the deal with _INCLUDE_xxxx_SOURCE?
-
- The ANSI standard clearly states what identifiers it reserves, and says
- the rest are available to you, the programmer. Many "important things"
- like "ulong" are *not* specified by ANSI, so ANSI header files are not
- allowed by the standard to define them. Each standard supported by HP-UX
- (POSIX1, POSIX2, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, AES, etc) has its own set of reserved
- identifiers and header files, and the convention is to require
- "-D_POSIX_SOURCE" (et al) to enabled their respective namespaces. Since
- HP could not predict what future standards would come along and claim
- more header files and identifiers, it proved much simpler to make the
- namespace as restrictive as possible unless "-D_HP-UX_SOURCE" is
- specified. While this has turned into one the most frequently asked of
- FAQs about HP-UX, at least once you learn this, you don't have to deal
- with inconsistencies again. Whereas, had we allowed all non-standard
- headers to define all non-standard symbols, you'd find identifiers
- randomly "disappearing" from headers over time as they were claimed by
- various standards.
-
- Also check the man page for "cc -Ae"; it enables the HP-UX_SOURCE
- namespace.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.1.3 Where can I find a list of all available system calls?
- Added: 04/19/01
-
- o On 11.x, see /usr/include/sys/scall_define.h
- o On 10.x, see /usr/include/sys/syscall.h
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.1.4 How can I tell if something was built debuggable?
-
- If the output of "/usr/contrib/bin/odump -spaces file.o" shows a space
- named $DEBUG$, then it was compiled with -g.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.1.5 Why is syslog() call not doing what i want it to?
-
- My program looks like:
-
- #include <syslog.h>
- void main(int argc,char *argv[])
- {
- syslog(LOG_EMERG,"This is an emergency message\n"));
- syslog(LOG_ALERT,"This is an alert message\n");
- syslog(LOG_CRIT,"This is a critical message\n");
- syslog(LOG_ERR,"This is an error message\n");
- syslog(LOG_WARNING,"This is a warning\n");
- syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"This is a notice\n");
- syslog(LOG_INFO,"This is an informal message\n");
- syslog(LOG_DEBUG,"This is a debug message\n");
- }
-
- It doesn't log all the messages to /var/adm/syslog - why not?
-
- First of all, the LOG_EMERG can not be used with user processes and
- should
- return -1 (if you check the return status). This is not documented in
- the
- man page! All the other messages should appear, but your /etc/syslog.conf
- file might not be configured correctly. To test it, replace the
- /etc/syslog.conf with the following line:
-
- *.debug /var/adm/syslog
-
- Then do: kill -HUP `cat /etc/syslog.pid`
- Then run the test program and then tail the /var/adm/syslog file
- and you should see all the messages, ie:
-
- Nov 23 09:02:54 orca syslogd: restart
- Nov 23 09:02:58 orca syslog: This is an alert message
- Nov 23 09:02:58 orca syslog: This is a critical message
- Nov 23 09:02:58 orca syslog: This is an error message
- Nov 23 09:02:58 orca syslog: This is a warning
- Nov 23 09:02:58 orca syslog: This is a notice
- Nov 23 09:02:58 orca syslog: This is an informal message
- Nov 23 09:02:58 orca syslog: This is a debug message
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.1.6 How can I get C programs to automatically generate stack
- dumps?
-
- Here is how you get a C program automatically generate a stack dump
- when they abend:
-
- U_STACK_TRACE() is an undocumented function that resides in libcl. Set
- up
- the signal handling like this:
-
- #include <signal.h>
- extern void U_STACK_TRACE();
- signal(SIGSEGV, U_STACK_TRACE);
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.1.7 HP C++ email discussion lists
-
- Rich Rauenzahn <mailto:rrauenza@cup.hp.com> has set up majordomo
- based Email lists for the discussion of HP C++ compilers (both ANSI
- C++/aCC and Cfront/CC).
-
- The available lists are as follows:
-
- o cxx-dev HP C++ Development Discussion List
- o cxx-dev-announce HP C++ Development Announcements
- o cxx-dev-digest HP C++ Development Discussion List Digest
-
- cxx-dev-announce is also broadcast to cxx-dev, so there is only a need
- to subscribe to one of the lists. The digest also includes both
- cxx-dev and cxx-dev-announce.
-
- To subscribe to the list, send a message to <majordomo@cxx.cup.hp.com>
- with the following command in the body of the message:
-
- subscribe list-name
-
- For additional help/information, send a message to
- <majordomo@cxx.cup.hp.com> with the word "help" in the body of the
- message.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.1.8 HP-UX development email discussion lists
-
- Rich Rauenzahn <mailto:rrauenza@cup.hp.com> has set up majordomo based
- Email lists for the discussion of the HP toolchain, from compilers to
- linkers, libraries to debuggers.
-
- The available lists are as follows:
-
- o hpux-devtools HP-UX Development Discussion List
- o hpux-devtools-announce HP-UX Development Announcements
- o hpux-devtools-digest HP-UX Development Discussion List Digest
-
- hpux-devtools-announce is also broadcast to hpux-devtools, so there is
- only a need to subscribe to one of the lists. The digest also includes
- both hpux-devtools and hpux-devtools-announce.
-
- To subscribe to the list, send a message to <majordomo@cxx.cup.hp.com>
- with the following command in the body of the message:
-
- subscribe list-name
-
- For additional help/information, send a message to
- <majordomo@cxx.cup.hp.com> with the word "help" in the body of the
- message.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.2 Compiling and Linking
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.2.1 Why is the default C compiler brain-dead?
- Updated: 04/13/01
-
- The C compiler shipped with HP-UX is intended only to rebuild the kernel
- with, not for program development. To get a "real" C compiler, you have
- two options:
-
- o buy HP's ANSI C product
- o use the GNU C Compiler (gcc), downloadable in binary form from the
- Liverpool archive
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.2.2 How do I make Perl on HP-UX?
- Updated: 04/02/01
-
- Reply like this to the Configure script's prompts:
-
- 1. When it asks for optimization flags answer
- -O
- 2. When it asks for additional flags to cc answer
- -DJMPCLOBBER
- 3. When it asks for additional libraries answer
- -lndbm -lm (ignore the other libraries Configure finds).
- You can also safely add -lBSD if you want BSD signal semantics.
- 4. When it asks if you want to use perl's malloc answer
- n
- 5. When perl asks on which boundary a double must be aligned answer
- 8
-
- NOTE: Precompiled versions of Perl 5.6.0 for 10.20 and 11.x can be
- found on the Liverpool archive.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.2.3 How do I deal with "too many defines"?
-
- Use the "-Wp,-Hxxxxxxx" where xxxxxxxx is the number of bytes to add
- to cpp's table size.
-
- There is no equivalent in lint or cflow to the cc driver's -W flag to
- pass options to subprocesses like cpp. However, both lint and cflow
- invoke cpp via the cc driver, so you can achieve the same effect by
- setting the CCOPTS environment variable. For example,
-
- CCOPTS="-Wp,-H500000"
- export CCOPTS
- lint large_file.c
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.2.4 Why do I get "_builtin_va_start" undefined when I build
- with gcc?
-
- The <varargs.h> and <stdarg.h> include files define va_start in terms of
- this function, which is built-in on the HP C compiler.
-
- If you're using GCC you should be picking up include files
- from the gcc library directory. These include files do the right
- thing for both GCC and HP C.
-
- More often than not these files were never installed, or someone has
- placed a copy of varargs.h/stdarg.h into /usr/local/include (gcc searches
- there *first*).
-
- When all else fails, you can replace the definition of va_start as
- follows, depending on whether you are using varargs or stdarg (K&R or
- ANSI, respectively).
-
- #include <varargs.h>
- #ifdef __hppa
- #undef va_start
- #define va_start(a) ((a)=(char *)&va_alist+4)
- #endif
-
- #include <stdarg.h>
- #ifdef __hppa
- #undef va_start
- #define va_start(a,b) ((a)=(va_list)&(b))
- #endif
-
- For <varargs.h>, this replacement should always work.
-
- For <stdarg.h>, this replacement will work unless the last fixed
- parameter ("b" in the call to va_start) is a structure larger
- than 8 bytes. Large structures are passed by reference, with the
- callee responsible for copying the structure to a temporary area
- if it will be modified. In this case, "&b" will take the address
- of that temporary area instead of the position in the argument
- list, and va_next won't work. That's why HP uses a compiler
- built-in.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.2.5 Is there some kind of problem with using FLT_MIN in ANSI
- mode?
-
- The C compiler dislikes this construct in ANSI mode:
-
- x = FLT_MIN; /* <---- warning here */
-
- The problem is that the ANSI mode (_PROTOTYPES) version of
- FLT_MIN/FLT_MAX in <float.h> end their constants with an F, which seems
- to upset the compiler.
-
- The workaround is to temporarily undef _PROTOTYPES around the <float.h>
- inclusion:
-
- #ifdef _PROTOTYPES
- #undef _PROTOTYPES
- #include <float.h>
- #define _PROTOTYPES
- #else
- #include <float.h>
- #endif
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.2.6 Why do I get the error "*Initialization*:1: missing
- token-sequence in `#assert'" when I compile with gcc?
- Updated: 04/18/01
-
- This error is caused by the HP and GNU compilers using the -A command
- line option for different things.
-
- The HP compiler uses -A to set which dialect of C the compiler expects
- to see in the input files, K&R (-Ac), ANSI (-Aa) or Extended ANSI (-Ae).
- In recent versions, Extended ANSI mode is the default. In earlier
- versions, K&R mode is the default.
-
- The GNU compiler has a conditional compilation mechanism that allows
- questions to be asked during the compilation using the construct '#if
- #question(answer)' and a mechanism of telling the compiler in advance
- the answers to questions with the construct '#assert question(answer)'.
- For the GNU compiler the -A optoion is equivalent to a #assert
- directive.
-
- The error message above occurs when the GNU compiler gets the option -Aa
- intended for the HP compiler and reads it as an attempt to provide the
- answer to the question 'a' but the answer itself (which would appear in
- brackets) is missing.
-
- The problem can be resolved by removing the -Aa option from the command
- line used for the compiler (check Makefiles for CC and CFLAGS settings)
- as the GNU compiler defaults to understanding ANSI C anyway.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.2.7 How can I detect the HP-UX version at compile time?
- Added: 05/02/02
-
- The below macro sequence allows you to figure out the HP-UX major
- version number:
-
- #include <sys/privgrp.h>
- #if defined(PRIV_PSET)
- #define _hpux_11i
- #elif defined(PRIV_SPUCTL)
- #define __hpux_11x
- #elif defined(PRIV_SERIALIZE)
- #define __hpux_10x
- #elif defined(PRIV_SETRUGID)
- #define __hpux_9x
- #endif
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.3 Porting
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.3.1 Porting from an Earlier Release of HP-UX
- Updated: 01/10/03
-
- See the HP-UX 11.x STK: Source Code Transitions page at:
-
- o <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STK/srctransitions.html>
-
- Also refer to the release notes for the release of HP-UX that you are
- porting TO (release notes are in /usr/share/doc).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.3.2 Porting from Other Platforms (Solaris, AIX, etc..)
- Updated: 06/12/02
-
- Porting Guides & Kits from HP
- =============================
- o Solaris to HP-UX 11.0 Porting Guide:
- +
- <http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/tech/tech_TechDocumentDetailPage_IDX/1,1701,980,00.html>
-
- o IRIX to HP-UX Migration Guide:
- +
- <http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support/SupportManual/lpv37626/lpv37626.pdf>
-
- o Linux Porting Kit 1.0 for HP-UX 11.x (porting from Linux to HP-UX
- 11.x):
- + <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/LPK/>
-
- Porting Guides from Interex
- ===========================
- o HP-UX/Sun Interoperability Cookbook, Version 2:
- + <http://www.interex.org/tech/9000/Tech/sun_hpux_interop/>
-
- o AIX/HP-UX Interoperability Guide, Version 2:
- + <http://www.interex.org/tech/9000/Tech/aix_hpux_interop_v2/>
-
- o SunOS to HP-UX 9.05 Porting Guide:
- + <http://www.interex.org/tech/9000/Tech/sun_hpux_port/>
-
- o All three Interex porting & interoperability guides are also available
- via FTP, in ASCII, HTML, and Postscript format at:
- + <ftp://interworks.org/pub/comp.hp/porting_info/>
-
- Other Porting Resources
- =======================
- o Mike Peterson's HP-UX porting tricks (last updated 06/16/99):
- + <http://www.noc.utoronto.ca/~mikep/unix/HPTRICKS>
-
- o HP-UX to Compaq Tru64 UNIX Porting Guide:
- + <http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/docs/porting/HP-Porting/TITLE.HTM>
- (reverse everything it says :-)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.3.3 How do I know if binaries built on a one release of HP-UX
- are compatible with a different release of HP-UX?
- Added: 12/03/01
-
- The general rule is binaries built on a given release of HP-UX will
- always
- run on that release and all later releases, but will never run on earlier
- releases. Of course, if you will be limited to the APIs provided by the
- release of HP-UX running on the build machine. So a binary compiled on a
- 10.20 system will run on 10.20, 11.00, and 11i.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.4 Tools
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.4.1 Where can I get Interviews for HP-UX?
- Updated: 03/28/01
-
- HP released a product called Interviews Plus in 1992, which is now
- officially obsolete. However, the public-domain version of Interviews
- can still be obtained from:
-
- o <ftp://foofoo.stanford.edu/pub/interviews/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 6.4.2 Is there a disassembler included with HP-UX?
- Added: 01/23/03
-
- First off, if you have the source code for the program, the best way to
- produce assembly code is to use cc's -S option, which writes out the
- assembly language code into a file with a .s extension.
-
- Now, as for disassembling a binary...
-
- The dis command is possibly the only XPG4 command that is not included
- with HP-UX.
-
- If you simply wish to disassemble a function in a program, gdb can do
- this. If you don't have it in /opt/langtools/bin already, get it from
- <http://www.hp.com/go/wdb>. For a given executable, if you know the name
- of a function:
-
- $ gdb <name of executable>
- (gdb) disassem <name of function>
- ... disassembly produced ...
-
- If you wish to decode machine codes yourself, I asked this question a
- little earlier in the week: the solution I opted for was to fork off an
- "adb" process and use that to disassemble. I only wanted to decode a
- single instruction so that is what my code does. It should be reasonably
- easy to send more than one command before closing the adb session if
- that's what you need, although I'm not sure how practical this is for
- large scale disassembly; Dave's suggestion of investigating the gdb
- source may be better in this instance. It also lacks any support for
- helpful annotations and symbolic names some disassemblers can add to aid
- understanding.
-
- I've included my function for your information; I make no guarantees
- about its correctness or that it makes sufficient checks for errors:
-
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <ctype.h>
-
- const char *ProcInfo::disassemble(long long unsigned int mc) {
-
- static char result[200];
- // First create a couple of pipes for the new I and O, and fork the
- // process.
- int fildes_in[2], fildes_out[2];
- pid_t pid;
- fildes_in[0] = fildes_in[1] = fildes_out[0] = fildes_out[1] = -1;
- bool fail = true;
-
- if (pipe(fildes_in) == 0 && pipe(fildes_out) == 0) {
- switch (pid = fork()) {
- case 0:
- {
- // I'm the child, I have to setup the pipes to be stdin,
- // and stdout and then start adb.
- close(0); dup(fildes_in[0]); close(fildes_in[1]);
- close(1); dup(fildes_out[1]); close(fildes_out[0]);
- execlp("adb", NULL);
- // If the exec returns, we've failed. Just report the
- // error to the parent and exit.
- perror("adb");
- exit(1);
- }
- default:
- {
- // I'm the parent, I'll just close the appropriate sides
- // of the pipe and send the request and expect an answer.
- // I'd rather not block on the write, but if it does I'm
- // not going to check.
- close(fildes_in[0]);
- close(fildes_out[1]);
- char command[20];
- sprintf(command, "0x%X=i\n", mc);
- write(fildes_in[1], command, strlen(command));
- int readlen = read(fildes_out[0], result, sizeof(result)
- - 1);
- result[readlen] = '\0';
- if (readlen == 0) {
- strcpy(result, "No translation");
- }
- // We've got an answer, let's bin the pipes and let 'adb'
- // tidy up for itself.
- close(fildes_in[1]);
- close(fildes_out[0]);
- fail = false;
- }
- case -1:
- {
- // Just drop out since the fork() call failed.
- break;
- }
- }
- }
-
- if (fail) {
- // We've failed... let's return an error and clean up.
- strcpy(result, strerror(errno));
- close(fildes_in[0]);
- close(fildes_in[1]);
- close(fildes_out[0]);
- close(fildes_out[1]);
- }
-
- // Now reformat the result to get rid of any excess space.
- int len = strlen(result);
- bool need_space = false;
- for (int s = 0, d = 0; s != len && result[s] != '\n'; s++) {
- if (isspace(result[s])) {
- need_space = true;
- } else {
- if (need_space && d != 0) {
- result[d++] = ' ';
- }
- result[d++] = result[s];
- need_space = false;
- }
- }
- result[d] = '\0';
- return result;
- }
-
- There are a couple 3rd-party PA-RISC disassemblers available:
-
- o Allegro's AVATAR Disassembler (~$2000):
-
- A disassembler/patcher/code-explorer for PA-RISC based HP-UX systems,
- by Allegro Consultants, Inc. See:
-
- + <http://www.allegro.com/products/hp9000/avatar.hpux.info.html>
-
- o DataRescue's IDA Pro HP-PA RISC Disassembler (~$495):
-
- IDA Pro is a Multi-Processor Interactive DisAssembler that combines a
- powerful automatic analysis engine with your interactivity to achieve
- outstanding reverse engineering results. See:
-
- + <http://www.datarescue.com/idabase/idahp-pa.htm>
-
- If you are looking to decompile PA-RISC assembly code to C or some other
- high-level language, it can not easily be done, especially via an
- automated process. The problem is that with optimizing compilers, a
- given output of the compiler has an infinite (or thereabouts ;) number of
- possible source programs. The fact is, that a decompiler can produce
- perfectly valid C code, that makes barely any sense to normal humans.
-
- Source Recovery has recently released a HP-UX C/C++ SOM decompiler called
- DOC C/C++! SOM is the file format of 32-bit PA-RISC executables. For
- more information, see:
-
- o <http://www.sourcerecovery.com/abstract.htm>
-
- Or if you want to take a shot at doing it manually, you should look over
- the following web sites:
-
- o PA-RISC Resources:
- +
- <http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/tech/tech_TechTypeListingPage_IDX/1,1704,10403,00.html>
-
- o HP Assembler Reference Manual, 9th Edition - 06/98:
- + <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/92432-90012/92432-90012.html>
-
- o The Decompilation Page:
- +
- <http://www.program-transformation.org/twiki/bin/view/Transform/DeCompilation>
-
- o fravia's pages of reverse engineering:
- + <http://www.instinct.org/fravia/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- 7. APPS AND UTILS
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.1 HP Freeware
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.1.1 Patches
- Updated: 04/22/03
-
- Individual patches for HP-UX, MPE/iX, and HP firmware can be downloaded
- from the HP IT Resource Center (ITRC):
-
- ITRC web site, Americas / Asia Pacific
- ======================================
- URL: <http://us.itrc.hp.com/>
- Alt URL 1: <http://www1.itrc.hp.com/>
- Alt URL 2: <http://www2.itrc.hp.com/>
- Note: Go to "maintenance / support" -> "patching" ->
- "individual patches"
-
- ITRC ftp site, Americas / Asia Pacific
- ======================================
- URL: <ftp://ftp.itrc.hp.com/>
- - or -
- <ftp://us-ffs.external.hp.com/>
-
- ITRC web site, European
- =======================
- URL: <http://europe.itrc.hp.com/>
- Alt URL 1: <http://itrc.hp.com/>
- Alt URL 2: <http://www4.itrc.hp.com/>
-
- Note: Go to "maintenance / support" -> "patching" ->
- "individual patches"
-
- ITRC ftp site, European
- =======================
- URL: <ftp://europe-ffs.external.hp.com/>
-
- HP-UX Support Plus patch bundles can be downloaded from the HP Software
- Depot web site:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/SUPPORT_PLUS/>
-
- There are three varieties of patch bundles available:
-
- o General Release
- + tested sets of HP-UX core patches
- + superset of Hardware/Critical bundle
- + formerly known as eXtension SoftWare (XSW)
- o Hardware/Critical
- + hardware-enablement & critical OS patches only
- + subset of General Release Bundle
- + formerly known as Independent Peripheral Release (IPR)
- o Quality Pack (QPK)
- + contains defect fixes and performance enhancements
- + some patches in the QPK are also in the General Release bundle,
- and others are not
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.1.2 Drivers
- Added: 04/19/01
-
- Drivers are normally found on the HP-UX Applications CDs. See:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.1.3 I heard there is a new ftpd available. Where do I get
- it?
- Added: 04/11/01
-
- The "new ftpd" is WU-FTPD 2.4 ported to HPUX, with added bug and security
- fixes. It was released by HP in June '98, as a patch for 11.00.
-
- WU-FTPD contains a slew of enhancements over the "legacy ftpd."
-
- To get the new ftpd for 11.00, download and install PHNE_21936. After
- installing the patch, you can get information on the new features
- introduced by this new version of ftpd from the file:
-
- o /usr/share/doc/RelNotes_newftp.txt
-
- This version of FTP has some new configuration files that can be used to
- take advantage of new functionality. Sample of the new configuration
- files are provided in /usr/newconfig/etc/ftpd. You can edit these files
- as per your need and copy them to the location /etc/ftpd.
-
- NOTE: WU-FTPD has a problem with passwords starting with a '-': if a
- password starts with a '-', you need to prepend another '-' to the
- password.
-
- The new ftpd is not available for 10.x, and it is included with 11.10 and
- later.
-
- Note, WU-FTPD 2.6.1 binaries for 10.20 and 11.00 can be downloaded from
- the Liverpool archive (the package name is 'wu_ftpd'). Of course, this
- version is not supported by HP.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.1.4 HPRC FTP Site
- Added: 04/20/01
-
- The HP Response Center (HPRC) maintains an FTP site containing a
- collection of unsupported tools, FAQs and white papers. The tools are
- NOT supported, although the author may allow email communication for bug
- reports. You can email bugs about the FAQs, config guides, & white
- papers to <hprc@hprc.external.hp.com>. General help or support is NOT
- available from this site.
-
- The URL of the HPRC FTP site is:
-
- o <ftp://contrib:9unsupp8@hprc.external.hp.com/>
-
- For more information on the purpose of the FTP site, see the HPRC
- homepage
- at:
-
- o <http://hprc.external.hp.com/>
-
- Here are some of the more useful bits available from the HPRC site:
-
- XVG
- ===
- XVG is an LVM display program for Xwindows. It will
- show disk layouts, volume groups, unused space, device
- files, non-contiguous volumes, etc. Can be run on
- workstations or servers with any version of HP-UX
- from 9.xx and higher, and displayed on any Xwindow
- device including PCs with Xwindow emulators. The latest
- version can be downloaded at:
-
- o <ftp://contrib:9unsupp8@hprc.external.hp.com/sysadmin/xvg/>
-
- pdcinfo
- =======
- The pdcinfo programs allow you to retrieve PDC (PIM) information from HP
- computer systems. On some systems (such as the T-Class), this program can
- retrieve HPMC tombstone data. The latest version can be downloaded at:
-
- o <ftp://contrib:9unsupp8@hprc.external.hp.com/hardware/pdc/>
-
- memwin_stats
- ============
- The memwin_stats command is intended for usage with the new memory
- windows
- functionality. For 11.00, memory windows functionality is installed via
- two patches:
-
- o patch PHKL_18543 (kernel)
- o patch PHCO_23705 (commands)
-
- For future releases, memory windows is part of the core release.
- Download
- memwin_stats from:
-
- o <ftp://contrib:9unsupp8@hprc.external.hp.com/sysadmin/memwin/>
-
- various sys-admin scripts
- =========================
- o various "cool" scripts:
- + <ftp://contrib:9unsupp8@hprc.external.hp.com/sysadmin/coolscripts/>
- o system inventory scripts:
- + <ftp://contrib:9unsupp8@hprc.external.hp.com/sysadmin/inventory/>
- o scripts to run as cronjobs:
- + <ftp://contrib:9unsupp8@hprc.external.hp.com/sysadmin/cronjobs/>
- o improved versions of /etc/profile, /.profile, and /etc/skel/.profile:
- + <ftp://contrib:9unsupp8@hprc.external.hp.com/sysadmin/profiles/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.1.5 GNOME
- Added: 12/30/03
-
- Ximian GNOME for HP-UX is a modern, highly customizable desktop
- environment that runs on top of the X Window System, as an alternative to
- CDE. It runs on all 11.x releases of HP-UX. Binaries, source, and
- documentation are available at:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/products/GNOME/>
-
- Note, HP does not provide support for GNOME for HP-UX.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2 Non-HP Freeware
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.1 The Software Porting And Archive Centre for HP-UX
- Updated: 01/22/03
-
- The Software Porting And Archive Centre for HP-UX, commonly referred to
- as the Liverpool Archive contains over 2,100 packages ported to HP-UX
- 10.20, 11.00 and/or 11.20, conveniently packaged in SD-UX format.
-
- As of June 2002, HP-UX 10.20 binaries are no longer produced by the
- Porting Centre for new package releases.
-
- Send comments and porting requests to <hpux@connect.org.uk>.
-
- WWW
- ---
- URL: <http://hpux.connect.org.uk/> United Kingdom
- Mirrors: <http://hpux.cs.utah.edu/> Unites States
- <http://hpux.asknet.de/> Germany
- <http://hpux.cict.fr/> France
- <http://hpux.tn.tudelft.nl/> Netherlands
- <http://hpux.ee.ualberta.ca/> Canada
-
-
- FTP
- ---
- URL: <ftp://hpux.connect.org.uk/> United Kingdom
- Mirrors: <ftp://hpux.cs.utah.edu/> United States
-
- <ftp://hpux.asknet.de/> Germany
- <ftp://hpux.cict.fr/> France
- <ftp://hpux.tn.tudelft.nl/> Netherlands
- <ftp://hpux.ee.ualberta.ca/> Canada
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.2 InterWorks FTP site
- Updated: 04/18/01
-
- The anonymous FTP server for what used to be InterWorks (see question
- 4.10.1.2). It contains lots of HP-UX utilities and information, most of
- which are outdated. The site also keeps the last 4-6 months of
- comp.sys.hp.hpux online (via an Interex member logon. An archive going
- back to June 1990 is available -- contact the InterWorks librarian for
- details. Additionally, a large (~1300 line) "HP-UX Troubleshooting
- Guide" is available under the Interex member logon.
-
- o <ftp://interworks.org/pub/comp.hp/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.3 Netperf
- Added: 04/04/01
-
- Netperf is a benchmark that can be used to measure the performance of
- many different types of networking. It provides tests for both
- unidirectional throughput, and end-to-end latency. The environments
- currently measureable by netperf include:
-
- o TCP and UDP via BSD Sockets
- o DLPI
- o UNIX Domain Sockets
- o Fore ATM API
- o HP HiPPI Link Level Access
-
- Note that, though it is written and maintained by an HP employee (Rick
- Jones), Netperf is not an official HP product, and its use is in no way
- supported by HP.
-
- o <http://www.netperf.org/netperf/NetperfPage.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.4 SLIP and CSLIP
-
- Both SLIP and CSLIP come with HP-UX 10.00 and later. As of HP-UX 10.30,
- the PPP daemon (pppd) also handles incoming SLIP and CSLIP connections.
- In HP-UX 10.x, SLIP and CSLIP were handled by a program called ppl.
- See slip(1).
-
- For more information on CSLIP and SLIP refer to the manual:
-
- o Installing SLIP/PPL Software on HP-UX ((Part No. 98194-90051):
- + <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/98194-90051/00/00/1-con.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.5 PPP
- Updated: 11/24/01
-
- PPP comes with HP-UX 10.30 and later.
-
- The PPP manual "Installing and Adminsistering PPP" (Part No. B2355-90137)
- can be viewed online at:
-
- o <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/B2355-90137/B2355-90137.html>
-
- Or purchased in hardcopy form from:
-
- o
- <http://software.hp.com/cgi-bin/swdepot_parser.cgi/cgi/displayProductInfo.pl?productNumber=B8679BA:B2355-90137>
-
- Follow these steps to configure PPP on your 11.x system:
-
- 1. Execute the GSP (Guardian Service Processor) DR command to
- disable
- the remote.
-
- Note: It is not necessary to run this command if the modem is on
- the MUX (mulitplexer) port.
-
- 2. Modify the 19200 entry in /etc/gettydefs to include the following
- information:
-
- 19200 #B19200 HUPCL CS8 SANE ISTRIP IXANY TAB3
- #B19200 SANE CS8 ISTRIP IXANY TAB3 HUPCL
- #login: #19200
-
- 3. Create a device file for calling into a remote console port:
-
- mksf -C tty -H 0/0/4/0 -m 0x000202 /dev/ttyd0p2
-
- Note: For MUX cards, use SAM (System Administration Manager) or
- use the following command:
-
- mksf -d <mux_driver> -H <hw_path> -I <instance> \
- -p <port_number> -a 2
-
- 4. Add the following line in /etc/inittab:
-
- a1:3:respawn:/usr/bin/pppd <hostname>:<remote_host_IP> netmask
- <netmask> idle 150 requireauth <port_device_file> 19200
-
- Note: See the pppd(1) man page for more information.
-
- 5. Re-initialize the /etc/inittab file so that the changes will take
- effect:
-
- init q
-
- 6. Edit /etc/ppp/Auth against authentication of dial-up networking
- users:
-
- <username> <password_in_cleartext> ...
- ... <optional_address_restrictions>
-
- Note: Please see the ppp.Auth(4) man page for more
- information.
-
- 7. Next, test the ppp connection from a PC. Launch:
-
- Start
- --> Programs
- --> Accessories
- --> Dial-up Networking
-
- Use the same username/passwd pair that was entered into the
- /etc/ppp/Auth file.
-
- As for HP-UX 9.x and 10.x, there are a couple options:
-
- o iij-ppp: a public-domain PPP implementation that has been ported to
- HP-UX
-
- Check out Barthold Lichtenbelt's "PPP for HP-UX" web page at:
-
- o <http://www.interex.org/~borg/ppp.html>
-
- This page provides instructions for installing and configuring
- iij-ppp.
-
- o Sun/Cobalt/Progressive Systems/Morningstar PPP: Once upon a time,
- this
- was a fine, supported product. Due to merger-mania, Sun now owns
- this
- product, but offers no support for it. Expect no further
- development.
- But, you can still buy a license for the product if you ask your Sun
- salesperson. The product offers PPP and SLiP on HP-UX 9.x or 10.x
- systems. Works with SecurID[R] cards and dialback modems.
-
- It is a good idea to install the latest Mux/Pty patch before using PPP:
-
- o 11.11: patch PHNE_27760
- o 11.00: patch PHNE_27788
- o 10.20: patch PHNE_21872
- o 10.10: patch PHNE_20838
- o 10.0x: patch PHNE_9436
-
- For additional general information on PPP and SLIP, check out:
-
- o <http://www.stokely.com/unix.serial.port.resources/ppp.slip.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.6 SMTP
- Added: 08/24/01
-
- Sendmail comes with HP-UX. See item 5.7.14 for information on upgrading
- to a more recent version of Sendmail.
-
- Postfix is a popular alternative to Sendmail. The Postfix homepage is:
-
- o <http://www.postfix.org/>
-
- Ralf Hildebrandt provides Postfix binaries for HP-UX at:
-
- o <http://www.stahl.bau.tu-bs.de/~hildeb/postfix/>
-
- There are a number of other alternatives:
-
- o Exim: <http://www.exim.org/>
- o Courier: <http://courier.sourceforge.net/>
- o Qmail: <http://www.cgiscripts.net/mirrors/qmail/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.7 POP and IMAP
- Updated: 08/24/01
-
- QUALCOMM[R], makers of the Eudora[R] email client for Macs and PCs, is
- currently maintaining Qpopper[TM], a modified version of Berkeley's
- 1.831beta popper. It can be downloaded for free (in source form) from:
-
- o <ftp://ftp.qualcomm.com/eudora/servers/unix/popper>
-
- The Qpopper homepage is:
-
- o <http://www.eudora.com/qpopper/>
-
- When building, use the 'sysv' target for HP/UX (i.e. "make sysv").
-
- Do NOT install popper 1.831beta (or any version of Berkeley POP). It is
- vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. Use qpopper instead.
-
- A second alternative is the free IMAP developer's kit from The University
- of Washington, Computing & Communications department. The kit includes
- sources for an imapd server, an `ms' demo client, pop2 and pop3 servers,
- and a C-client library. Download from:
-
- o <ftp://ftp.cac.washington.edu/mail/>
-
- If you are running Qmail, Exim, or Postfix as your mail server and you
- have maildirs configured, the best way to go is Courier IMAP, available
- at:
-
- o <http://www.inter7.com/courierimap/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.8 Sudo
- Added: 03/26/01
-
- Sudo binaries can be downloaded from the Sudo FTP site
- (<ftp://ftp.courtesan.com/pub/sudo/binaries/>) or the Liverpool archive.
- The binaries on the Sudo site may be a more recent version of Sudo.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.9 Ntalk
- Updated: 03/26/01
-
- There are several problems with the version of Ntalk that comes with
- HP-UX
- 9.x. A patched version of the Ntalk source, ported to run on HP-UX, can
- be downloaded from:
-
- o <ftp://ftp.amtp.cam.ac.uk/pub/HP/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.10 TTCP
- Added: 04/19/01
-
- TTCP (Test TCP Program) can be used to test network TCP and UDP
- throughput. A separate use of this tool is to create network pipes for
- transferring user data. Cisco routers now incorporate a version of this
- tool, enabling you to easily evaluate network performance. Source code
- and manpages are provided here for this useful tool:
-
- o <http://www.pcausa.com/Utilities/pcattcp.htm>
-
- NOTE: Do not confuse this with "ttcp - copy files and inform the ToolTalk
- service"!!
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.11 Free SCSI utilities for HP-UX workstations
- Added: 03/25/01
-
- MDL Corporation provides several free SCSI uitlities for HP-UX and
- DomainOS.
-
- o <http://www.mdlcorp.com/bugfixes.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.12 PSCREEN/uX
- Added: 04/25/01
-
- PSCREEN/uX is a screen-capture utility for HP-UX. pscreen runs on HP-UX
- 9.x and later, on both S800s and S700s, and assumes that you have either
- an HP-compatible terminal (or emulator) or hpterm.
-
- PSCREEN can be downloaded from Allegro Consultants, Inc., at:
-
- o <http://www.allegro.com/software/hp9000/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.13 GNU software
- Added: 04/19/01
-
- Check the Liverpool archive (see question 7.1.2.1) for the latest GNU
- packages compiled for HP-UX 10.x and 11.x.
-
- Also, for 11.x, you can order a free Linux Porting Kit CD, which contains
- the HP Open Source Developer's Toolkit, from <http://software.hp.com/>
- (search for "linux porting").
-
- The toolkit includes the following popular open source tools:
-
- autoconf, automake, bash, bison, bzip2, ddd, dejagnu, diffutils, emacs,
- enscript, expect, fileutils, flex, gawk, gcc, gdb, gdbm, gettext,
- ghostscript, glib, gmake, grep, gtk+, gv, gzip, imake, inc, jpeg,
- lclint, less,libgd, libpng, m4, ncurses, patch, perl, python, readline,
- sed, tar, tcl, tcp_wrappers, tcsh, texinfo, textutils, tiff, tk, unzip,
- vim, xalan, xaw3d, xemacs, xerces, xpm, zip, zlib
-
- For descriptions of each of the tools, or to download tools on an
- individual basis, go to:
-
- o
- <http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/tech/tech_TechDocumentDetailPage_IDX/1,1701,4682,00.html>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.14 Web browsers
- Updated: 09/12/03
-
- HP-UX 10.20 and 11.00 come with Netscape Navigator Gold 3.01 (installed
- under /opt/navgold/). HP-UX 11.11 includes Netscape Communicator 4.75
- (installed under /opt/netscape/).
-
- The open source Mozilla browser will be the supported browser on HP-UX
- going forward. Packaged Mozilla binaries for HP-UX 11.x can be
- obtained from HP at:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/go/mozilla>
-
- Packaged binaries of Netscape 7.0 for 11.x, Netscape Communicator 4.8 for
- 11.x, and Netscape Communicator 4.75 for 10.20 can be obtained from HP
- at:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/go/netscape>
-
- Microsoft no longer officially provides Internet Explorer and Outlook
- Express 5 for HP-UX or any other UNIX platform. For more information,
- see:
-
- o <http://www.microsoft.com/unix/ie/>
-
- However, it can still be downloaded from:
-
- o
- <http://download.microsoft.com/download/ie5/128bit/5.0/HPUX/EN-US/ie5setup_128>
-
- Lynx binaries can be downloaded from the Liverpool archive, or the source
- is available at:
-
- o <http://lynx.isc.org/release/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.15 Miscellaneous freeware
- Added: 04/16/01
-
- URL: <ftp://ftp.lut.fi/pub/hpux/>
- Contents: Various HP-UX binaries (has not been updated since '94)
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.16 RealAudio Player
- Added: 05/02/02
-
- RealPlayer can be downloaded from:
-
- o <http://scopes.real.com/real/player/unix/unix.html>
-
- A Helix Universal Server (aka RealServer) evaluation version can be
- downloaded from:
-
- o <http://licensekey.realnetworks.com/rnforms/products/servers/eval/>
-
- Both are for 11.x only.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.1.2.17 CD Burning Software
- Updated: 02/04/03
-
- Please see section 5.2.4.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.2 Shareware
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.3.1 HP Commercial Software
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.3.1.1 Where can I find release histories for various HP
- software products?
- Added: 11/14/01
-
- Up-to-date release histories for the following products are available:
-
- o HP-UX: <http://software.hp.com/RELEASES-MEDIA/>
-
- o HP aC++:
- <http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/tech/tech_TechSoftwareDetailPage_IDX/1,1703,1743,00.html>
-
- o HP C:
- <http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/tech/tech_TechDocumentDetailPage_IDX/1,1701,1255,00.html>
-
- o HP Fortran:
- <http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/tech/tech_TechSoftwareDetailPage_IDX/1,1703,1847,00.html>
-
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.3.1.2 Where can I find a list of all applications that are
- available for HP-UX?
- Added: 01/08/02
-
- The HP-UX Application Availability Matrix shows what HP-UX Application
- Software is available on particular HP-UX Operating System releases.
- This matrix will be continuously updated at least once monthly to reflect
- changes in software availability:
-
- o <http://www.software.hp.com/MATRIX/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.3.2 Non-HP Commercial Software
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.3.2.1 Interex FastStart Toolbox
- Updated: 03/24/01
-
- Interex is now packaging HP-UX freely available software, ported
- to HP-UX 11.00 in depot format, on a CD called the FastStart 11.0
- Toolbox. See <http://www.interex.org/index/fstart.html> for more
- information.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7.3.2.2 Is there anything remotely like the Apollo DM editor
- available?
- Updated: 06/27/03
-
- HP had a product called DMX, which ran on both Domain & HP-UX, and
- enabled
- a standard "Domain-like" interface for both platforms. Unfortunately,
- this product is no longer available. It was replaced by VUE/vuepad,
- which has since been replaced by CDE/dtpad.
-
- Nevertheless, for all you hardcore DM-junkies, there is still hope...
-
- The ARPUS[TM]/ce[TM] editor is a full-screen, X-Windows-based editor that
- provides easy-to-use text editing across a variety of UNIX platforms.
- Developed originally for users migrating from Apollo's Domain
- environment,
- ce was modeled after the Display Manager (DM) editor. ETG has
- incorporated the features of the DM editor that Apollo users liked best,
- as well as adding new features. Some features of ce include: ceterm,
- multiple edit sessions, rectangular cut & paste, global bounded search
- and replace, coordinated mouse and text cursor control, command macros,
- unlimited UNDO & REDO, customized keyboard mapping, vertical and
- horizontal scrolling, and automatic file backup and save.
-
- To download an evaluation copy of ce for HP-UX, go to:
-
- o <http://www.swlink.net/~styma/ce.shtml>
-
- A university in France also maintains a copy of the web pages at:
-
- o http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/informatic/jussieu/docs/ce/
-
- See the "README" file for detailed instructions.
-
- The eval files normally expire 30-60 days from the date you downloaded
- them. See the "README.Pricing" file for pricing information.
-
- For more information, contact:
-
- Robert E. Styma
- Principal Engineer
- AG Communication Systems, Phoenix - A subsidiary of Lucent
- Email: stymar@agcs.com
- Phone: 623-582-7323
- FAX: 623-581-4884
- Company: http://www.agcs.com
- Personal: http://www.swlink.net/~styma
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8. MISCELLANEOUS
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.1 How can I find the HP-UX equivalent for a given
- Solaris/AIX/etc.. command?
- Added: 03/31/01
-
- Rosetta Stone for UNIX (A Sysadmin's Universal Translator; or "What do
- they call that in this world?") provides a very nice
- AIX/DG-UX/FreeBSD/HP-UX/IRIX/Linux/NetBSD/OpenBSD/Solaris/SunOS/Tru64/...
- ...Ultrix equivalency table at:
-
- o <http://bhami.com/rosetta.html>
-
- UNIXguide.net also provides a
- AIX/FreeBSD/HP-UX/Linux(RedHat)/Solaris/Tru64 equivalency table, at:
-
- o <http://www.unixguide.net/unixguide.shtml>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.2 What do I need to do to make my HP-UX system Year 2000
- compliant?
- Updated: 03/16/01
-
- This isn't exactly a question burning on people's minds anymore, but the
- answer is to install the latest HP-UX hardware/critical patch bundle
- (previously known as the Indepedent Product Release (IPR) bundle). The
- bundle is freely available from the HP Software Depot
- (<http://software.hp.com/>), in the "Enhancement Releases" section.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.3 How do I boot into single user mode?
-
- Press ESC to stop the auto-boot.
- When the list of boot devices is presented:
-
- b PX ISL (where X is your root disc)
-
- And at the ISL> prompt:
-
- HP-UX9.x: ISL> hpux -iS disc(;0)/hp-ux
- HP-UX-10.x: ISL> hpux -iS disc(;0)/stand/vmunix
-
- The '-iS' are the flags to init which says come up single user. The rest
- of the command is what the bootprocess does automatically.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.4 How can I send mail to an MPE/iX HPDESK address?
-
- For a person whose DESK address is:
- JANE DOE /HP1234/XY
-
- Ignore the subentity (XY) and use the form:
- jane_doe@hp1234.desk.hp.com
-
- Send them a test message and tell them to make a note of the return
- address, as forming internet addresses on DESK is a little more
- complicated. If there is an X.400 system between you and the DESK
- person, what you get back may look like a very strange internet address,
- but it generally works.
-
- Notice the underscore between names. Names can be first_last or
- last_first, but first_last is easier to remember and get correct,
- especially if they have initials in their name as in
- fred_l_doe@hpatc1.desk.hp.com. Be sure that the DESK address they give
- you is exactly what is reported by DESK when they send a message to
- themselves or look at the distribution list on a piece of mail the
- recipient already has to verify the address.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.5 How can I limit core files?
- Updated: 04/03/01
-
- In the POSIX shell (/usr/bin/sh):
-
- $ ulimit -c 0
-
- To disable core dump generation for all POSIX shell users on the system,
- add the following line to your /etc/profile:
-
- ulimit -c 0 2>/dev/null # swallow ksh error msg
-
- In the C shell (/usr/bin/csh):
-
- % limit coredumpsize 0
-
- To disable core dump generation for all C shell users on the system, add
- the following line to your /etc/csh.login:
-
- limit coredumpsize 0
-
- There is no coredump limit facility available in the Korn shell
- (/usr/bin/ksh) or the Bourne shell (/usr/old/bin/sh).
-
- As originally shipped, HP-UX 10.01/10/20 create a 0-byte core file if the
- core dump limit has been set to 0. The following patches will change
- the behavior to not creating a core file at all if the limit is 0 (the
- commonly expected behavior):
-
- o 10.20 700: PHKL_22701
- o 10.20 800: PHKL_22702
- o 10.10 700: PHKL_23477
- o 10.10 800: PHKL_23478
- o 10.01 700: PHKL_23512
- o 10.01 800: PHKL_23513
-
- Prior to 10.01, HP-UX had no built in function to limit core file
- generation from the standard shells.
-
- One way to limit core file generation is to create a directory called
- "core" with 000 permissions in the directory in which you expect a core
- dump to occur. Additionally, two programs are available (nocore and
- corelimit) that can be used as wrappers around other programs that you
- may expect to dump. And, many publicly available shells (tcsh, bash,
- etc..) allow core file limits. Or, you can place a link called "core"
- to /dev/null in the directory you expect the core dump to occur.
-
- Here is the source for corelimit. It is completely unsupported; the
- Response Center will disavow all knowledge of you and your mission should
- you call them with a problem relating to this. Build it in the usual way
- (cc -o corelimit corelimit.c) and use it like so: "corelimit hpterm 0".
- This example will limit the core file size of all children of the hpterm
- process to 0.
-
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <sys/resource.h>
- #define RLIMIT_CORE 4 /* core file size */
-
- main(argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char **argv;
- {
- int res;
- struct rlimit rlp;
- if (argc != 3) {
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: wrong number of parameters\n", argv[0]);
- fprintf(stderr, "\tformat: %s command core_size\n", argv[0]);
- exit(-1);
- }
- rlp.rlim_cur = atoi(argv[2]);
- res = setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlp);
- if (res < 0) {
- perror("setrlimit: RLIMIT_CORE");
- exit(-2);
- }
- system(argv[1]);
- }
-
- To start all of CDE with core dumps disabled:
-
- o compile corelimit (above) and copy the binary to /usr/local/bin/
- o edit /usr/dt/config/dtrc.d/90_dtlogin_st
-
- replace:
- exec $DTLOGIN $VL_ARGS </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1
- with:
- /usr/local/bin/corelimit exec $DTLOGIN $VL_ARGS </dev/null \
- >/dev/null 2>&1
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.6 How do I disable the Caps Lock key?
- Updated: 04/07/01
-
- To disable the "placement challenged" Caps Lock key on the ITF keyboard,
- use an xmodmap script:
-
- Add the below lines to your ~/.dt/sessions/sessionetc:
-
- /usr/bin/X11/xmodmap - <<'EoF'
- clear lock
- keycode 55 = Control_L
- keycode 86 = Caps_Lock
- keycode 39 = grave asciitilde guillemotleft guillemotright
- keycode 71 = Escape
- add Lock = Caps_Lock
- add Control = Control_L
- EoF
-
- This works until logout/login, when Caps Lock toggles the control
- feature,
- even though 'xmodmap -pm' shows that Lock has no assignments. You have
- to
- restart the X server to reset completely, which can be automated by
- uncommenting the line:
-
- Dtlogin*terminateServer: True
-
- in the file {/usr,/etc}/dt/config/Xconfig.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.7 Why does my Korn shell login hang?
-
- This can happen if your home directory is across an NFS mount point;
- you can workaround the problem by completely unprotecting (chmod 777)
- ~/.sh_history, or by pointing HISTFILE to somewhere local.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.8 How can I avoid those annoying copyright notices on login?
-
- The following code in /etc/profile prints the copyright notice only the
- very first time a user logs in:
-
- NUMLOGINS=`/etc/last -2 $LOGNAME | wc -l`
- [ $NUMLOGINS -lt 2 ] && cat /etc/copyright
-
- And, for /etc/csh.login:
-
- set NUMLOGINS=`/etc/last -2 $LOGNAME | wc -l`
- if ( $NUMLOGINS<2 ) cat /etc/copyright
-
- Technically, each user will get the copyright on their first login after
- each time the /etc/wtmp file is pruned, but that needn't be often.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.9 How can I turn off quota checking?
-
- There are a few ways to go about this:
-
- 1) # chmod -x /usr/bin/quota
- This prevents quota from running. It's also a self documenting flag
- in that a future system manager who tries to run /etc/quota will get
- the "can not execute" error message.
-
- 2) # chmod -x /usr/bin/quote /etc/edquota
- This appears to turn quota's completely off (which is what I
- suspect the vast majority of people want) and not only speeds
- up the login process, but you don't get any annoying messages.
-
- 3) # mv /usr/bin/quota /usr/bin/quota_check ; cp /bin/true /usr/bin/quota
- This will still make the login program do the quota-check, but at
- least
- it goes by very very quickly now (as opposed to actualy checking every
- single NFS mount with quota, and so on). Then, just run quota_check
- whenever you want.
-
- 4) Remove the DiskQuota product ("swremove DiskQuota"). This will still
- allow you to keep using quotas, as long as the NFS server still has
- quota enabled, and is exporting the home directory filesystems with
- all
- the quotas enabled. Watch out though, since this deletes
- /usr/bin/quota. So make a copy before removing the package, if you
- still want to have the ability to do "quota -v", etc..
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.10 Why can't I start Aserver?
-
- Often this is because "localhost" isn't configured in DNS. Try:
-
- $ nslookup localhost
-
- If that command fails, you will want to have an entry added to your
- name server(s) or /etc/hosts file for "localhost.your.particular.domain"
- pointing at 127.0.0.1.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.11 How can I get a daemon to successfully start from an rc
- script?
- Updated: 03/08/01
-
- When /sbin/rc exits, all child processes, including daemons that have not
- yet daemonized themselves (called setsid()), will be killed.
-
- To ensure that a process is not killed, invoke it via nohup(1). This
- will
- work for all programs, not just daemons.
-
- Another trick is to start the command via at(1), as follows:
-
- /usr/bin/at now <<EoF
- mydaemon
- EoF
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.12 How do I convert the uname string to a model string?
- Updated: 04/09/01
-
- BTW, if you're running 9.00 or later, on hardware that was released in
- '92
- or later, you can use the model(1) command to get an expanded model
- string. For example:
-
- $ uname -m
- 9000/829
- $ model
- 9000/829/K400
-
- Here are the mappings for older HP9000 Series 800 machines:
-
- Model number on the String returned
- outside of the box by uname -m
- =============================================
- default ----------> 9000/800
- E25 --------------> 9000/806
- E35 --------------> 9000/816
- E45 --------------> 9000/826
- E55 --------------> 9000/856
- F10 --------------> 9000/807
- F20 --------------> 9000/817
- H20 --------------> 9000/827
- K400 -------------> 9000/829
- F30 --------------> 9000/837
- G30/H30 ----------> 9000/847
- I30 --------------> 9000/857
- G40/H40 ----------> 9000/867
- I40 --------------> 9000/877
- G50/H50 ----------> 9000/887
- I50 --------------> 9000/897
- G70/H70 ----------> 9000/887
- I70 --------------> 9000/897
- G60/H60 ----------> 9000/887
- I60 --------------> 9000/897
- T500 -------------> 9000/891
-
- On earlier machines, "9000/800" was returned by "uname -m" when HP-UX
- could not determine the model number of the machine. This generally
- indicated that the machine was not properly configured.
-
- On more recent machines (As, Rs, Ls, Ns, etcx..), "uname -m" ALWAYS
- returns "9000/800." To ascertain the machine's model string you MUST
- use the model command.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.13 Is Perl included with HP-UX?
- Added: 04/09/01
-
- Yes, HP-UX releases 10.10 through 11.10 are shipped with Perl v4.0.1.8.
- 11.11 comes with Perl 5.005_02. The perl executable is
- /usr/contrib/bin/perl. A little known gem of knowledge is that the Perl
- 4
- exectuable that is included with 10.10 through 11.10 is statically
- linked!
- Since the binary is only 532k, you should consider the option of placing
- a copy in /sbin. That way, if you ever need to boot into single-user
- mode
- to do system maintenance or emergency recovery, you'll have all the power
- of Perl at your disposal! :-)
-
- Perl 5.6.0 binaries for 10.20 and 11.x can be obtained from on the
- Liverpool archive.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.14 Why can't I type an '@' character?
-
- If you do a 'stty -a' and you will see that your 'kill' character is
- set to '@'. You need to set your 'kill' character to be something
- other than the '@' character by doing something like 'stty kill '^U''.
- You should add this to your .profile or .cshrc file.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.15 Why can't I get my machine into boot admin mode?
-
- When i reboot my workstation I do not get the "..push and hold the ESCAPE
- key to ..." - why?
-
- The machine is configured in secure boot mode. To get into boot admin
- mode you will need to remove all bootable media (i.e. disconnect disks,
- LAN, etc.) and then power on - the boot will fail and you can then get
- to boot admin and switch off secure boot mode.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.16 What happened to "less"?
- Updated: 04/05/01
-
- Use "more" or "pg" instead. Under HP-UX 10.00 and later, "more" is just
- as robust as "less". If you really want "less", you can grab it from the
- Liverpool archive.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.17 What should go in my PATH and MANPATH environment
- variables?
- Updated: 03/05/01
-
- PATH
- ----
- At least:
-
- /usr/bin /usr/contrib/bin /usr/bin/X11 /usr/contrib/X11/bin
- /usr/contrib/bin/X11 /usr/local/bin
-
- If you have the HP ANSI C compiler installed:
-
- /opt/ansic/bin /opt/langtools/bin /usr/ccs/bin
-
- And, for system management stuff:
-
- /usr/sbin /sbin
-
- Alternately, you can simply add the following to your .profile:
-
- PATH=`cat /etc/PATH` # for sh or ksh
- setenv PATH `cat /etc/PATH` # for csh
-
- The "/etc/PATH" file is supposed to be updated every time new software
- is installed under /opt/. /etc/PATH will contain everything mentioned
- above, except for "/usr/sbin" and "/sbin".
-
- Simply add any additonal command directories you need. For example:
-
- PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
-
- MANPATH
- -------
- First pull in /etc/MANPATH (works the same way as /etc/PATH):
-
- MANPATH=`cat /etc/MANPATH` # for sh or ksh
- setenv MANPATH `cat /etc/MANPATH` # for csh
-
- Then add any additonal manual directories you need. For example:
-
- MANPATH="$HOME/man:$MANPATH"
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.18 Why does the 10.x/11.x cksum command produce a different
- checksum than the 9.x cksum command?
- Updated: 04/05/01
-
- The 9.x cksum was defective - it did not correctly implement the POSIX
- spec. That is understandable, because the POSIX cksum spec does not
- supply a test suite to easily verify an implementation is correct.
-
- The 10.x/11.x cksum is correct. Unfortunately that means it can not
- match 9.x cksum.
-
- Another implementation that did not match POSIX spec was in AIX 3.*; I
- haven't checked AIX 4.* or Solaris.
-
- Other good implementations (they give the same answer as 10.x/11.x
- cksum):
- - GNU cksum
- - Solaris 7/8
- - HP Software Distributor swpackage program, on both 9.x and 10.x
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.19 Can I run Linux on an HP9000 system?
- Updated: 04/22/02
-
- Yes!
-
- PA-RISC Linux is an activevly developed (and working) native port of
- Linux
- to the PA-RISC architecture, which will eventually be merged into the
- mainstream kernel tree and into commercial distributions. HP officially
- supports and endorses the project. Currently, PA-RISC Linux supports
- practically any HP workstation, as well as the A180 server. Support for
- Ls and Ns is in the works. See:
-
- o <http://parisc-linux.org/>
-
- MkLinux was successfully ported to PA-RISC 1.1. This project has not
- been
- active since '97:
-
- o <http://www.openpa.net/other.html#mk>
-
- There is also an HP9000/300 Linux port that has been merged with the
- Linux/m68k kernel tree as of about Linux 2.1.119. The homepage for this
- effort is:
-
- o <http://www.tazenda.demon.co.uk/phil/linux-hp/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.20 Can I run *BSD on an HP9000 system?
- Added: 04/18/01
-
- Yes!
-
- There are HP9000 ports of both OpenBSD and NetBSD. Check out the
- following links:
-
- o Series 700/800 (32-bit only):
- + <http://www.openbsd.org/hppa.html>
- + <http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hp700/>
-
- o Series 300/400:
- + <http://www.openbsd.org/hp300.html>
- + <http://www.openbsd.org/hp300/hp300faq.html>
- + <http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hp300/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.21 What happened to /usr/local? What are these /usr/contrib
- and /opt directories?
- Updated: 04/04/01
-
- As of HP-UX 10.00, things have been moved around some -- probably for
- the better:
-
- /opt
- optional HP software packages like the ANSI C & C++ compilers and
- debuggers, and the Java[TM] SDK; larger 3rd-party apps (ie - emacs,
- Perl 5)
- /usr/contrib
- Unsupported, 3rd-party or public-domain software compiled and
- maintained by the local IT group on their software depot
- (ie - nn, gzip & other GNU utils)
- /usr/local
- workstation-unique software packages that users have installed
- themselves, or are local to a specific machine. This directory
- is world-writable (ack!).
-
- For more information on the SVR4 filesystem layout, see hier(5).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.22 Is it OK to change root's shell?
- Updated: 04/05/01
-
- No! root's shell has to be /sbin/sh, the default setting, or another
- shell that resides on the root filesystem (ie - /sbin/csh). The /usr
- filesystem isn't mounted in single-user mode, so changing root's shell
- to /usr/bin/ksh, or any other shell not on the root filesystem, can
- potentially cause you serious grief.
-
- A nice compromise is to add something like the following at the very end
- of /.profile:
-
- # if /usr/ is mounted, change our shell to ksh...
- /usr/bin/true 2>/dev/null && exec /usr/bin/ksh
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.23 Why does HP-UX 10 generate copious "Sti_save" syslog
- messages?
- Updated: 04/05/01
-
- HP-UX 10 generates a FLOOD of syslog messages that look like this:
- vmunix: Warning! [82194698 ticks since boot] Sti_save:IteLock not...
- ...available for 60 seconds
-
- From what I can gather, these are spurious messages than can be ignored.
-
- One way to turn them off (any suggestions for others?) is to uncomment
- the "Dtlogin@grabServer: False" line in {/usr,/etc}/dt/config/Xconfig.
-
- After this, reset CDE (see question 4.15.2), and you won't see 'em again!
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.24 How can I tell which kernel was booted?
- Updated: 01/02/02
-
- In 11.x, this can be done using the kmpath command (must be root):
-
- # /usr/sbin/kmpath
- /stand/vmunix
-
- Prior to 11.20, the kmpath command was undocumented. The 11.20 manpage
- can be viewed online at:
-
- o <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STKLI/man/11iv1.5/kmpath_1m.html>
-
- I don't know how to do ascertain the running kernel in 10.x. If you
- know of a way to do it, please let me know, and I'll update this item.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.25 What is the equivalent of ldd under HP-UX?
- Updated: 04/05/01
-
- In 10.x, you can use one of the below methods:
-
- o chatr yourprog
- o odump -sllibload yourprog
- o _HP_DLDOPTS="-ldd" yourprog
-
- ldd is actually shipped with HP-UX 11.x, though, in many cases, chatr is
- still a good alternative.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.26 How do I configure a program to automatically start up or
- shutdown when the system starts up or shuts down?
-
- In 10.x and 11.00, this is documented in the following files in the
- /usr/share/doc directory:
-
- o file_sys.txt
- o sequence.txt
- o start_up.txt
-
- As of 11i, these white papers are no longer available in the
- /usr/share/doc directory. However, the "10.0 File System Layout"
- white paper can be viewed online at:
-
- o <http://docs.hp.com/hpux/onlinedocs/5963-8942/00/00/1-con.html>
-
- Also refer to rc(1M), init(1M), and inittab(4).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.27 How can I do regular expression matching?
- Added: 04/13/01
-
- First of all, refer to regexp(5) for the definitions of basic and
- extended
- regular expressions.
-
- From the command-line
- =====================
- The following commands support basic regular expression matching:
-
- o grep(1)
- o sed(1)
- o ed(1)
- o ex(1)
- o vi(1)
-
- The following commands support extended regular expression matching:
-
- o egrep(1) (grep -E)
- o awk(1)
-
- Perl supports Perl regular expressions, a superset of extended regular
- expressions.
-
- Programmatically
- ================
- Use regcomp(3C). Do not use regcmp(3X) or re_comp(3X); these are
- obsolescent and may be removed in a future HP-UX release.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.28 How can I play MP3s?
- Added: 03/29/01
-
- Use mpg123.
-
- mpg123 is a real time MPEG Audio Player for Layers 1, 2, and 3. It can
- play MP3s in stereo on reasonably fast machines. mpg123 is only for
- non-commercial use. Precompiled binaries for 10.20 or 11.00 can be
- obtained from the Liverpool archive.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.29 How can I use audio on HP-UX 10.x/11.x without a network?
- Updated: 04/24/01
-
- The problem is that audio relies on the DCE rpcd, which doesn't start if
- there's no network. Consequently, the audio server (Aserver) fails to
- start either.
-
- You can always access /dev/audio directly, but you won't be able to
- use HP's audio software, such as the Audio Control Panel or the Audio
- Editor. Furthermore, this method is not documented by HP.
-
- To get Aserver to work, you basically have to make the machine believe
- it's on a network. You have to get the lan interface up; loopback is
- not enough. Plugging a transceiver into the AUI port is reported to
- work on 715s and 712s.
-
- Another solution is to restore /usr/audio/*, llbd and libAt.* from a
- 9.x backup tape and replace rpcd with a symbolic link to llbd. Then,
- you can use audio in much the same way as on HP-UX 9.x. The only
- problem is that the buttons in the audio_editor don't have any text in
- them, so one has to guess which one does what.
-
- Unfortunately, SD-UX doesn't work with this configuration, which makes it
- impossible to install or remove SD packages. To fix this, you have to
- recreate the standard RPC symlinks - link /usr/bin/rpcd to
- /opt/dce/sbin/rpcd,
- and /opt/dce/sbin/rpcd to dced.
-
- Michael Piotrowski created a page to collect solutions for this problem:
-
- o <http://www.linguistik.uni-erlangen.de/~mxp/audio>
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.30 Is there a tool to trace system calls?
-
- Yes, for HP-UX 11.x, the tusc command provides system call tracing
- functionality. It is available from:
-
- o <ftp://ftp.cup.hp.com/dist/networking/tools/>
-
- Tusc is made available by the good graces of Chris Bertin of HP.
-
- For earlier HP-UX releases, the situation is murkier. A system call
- tracing program called trace is available from Interworks, as well as the
- Liverpool archive. However, this program only works on some systems
- (mostly 700s). The author, Kartik Subbarao. has declared trace obsolete
- in favor of tusc, and has discontinued further development and bug fixes.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.31 What OS capacity limits exist?
- Updated: 12/11/02
-
- Attribute 10.01 10.10
- ==================================================
- Physical RAM: 2 GB 3.75 GB
- Shared Memory: 1.75 GB 1.75 GB
- Process Data Space: 0.9 GB 1.9 GB
- # File Descriptors: 60,000 60,000
- # User Ids: 60,000 60,000
- CPUs: ? ?
-
- 10.20,
- Attribute 32-bit 11.0/11i 64-bit 11.0/11i v1.x
- ===============================================================
- Physical RAM: 3.75 GB 256 GB
- Shared Memory: 2.75 GB 512 GB?
- Process Data Space: 1.9 GB 256 GB?
- # File Descriptors: 60,000 60,000
- # User Ids: 2,147,483,647 2,147,483,647
- CPUs: 16? 32/64
-
- Attribute 11i v2.x
- ======================================
- Physical RAM: 1 TB
- Shared Memory: 2 TB?
- Process Data Space: 1 TB?
- # File Descriptors: 60,000
- # User Ids: 2,147,483,647
- CPUs: 128
-
- Beginning with Release 10.10, the supported sizes for files and file
- systems on HP-UX have gradually increased. Below is a summary of the
- supported sizes for Releases 10.01 through 11i.
-
- NOTE: Although it may be possible to create files or file systems larger
- than these documented limits, such files and file systems are not
- supported, and the results of using them may be unpredictable.
-
- HFS Supported Sizes
- ===================
- The maximum file and filesystem sizes supported by HFS are listed in the
- table below.
-
- TABLE 1. HFS Supported File and File System Sizes
- ====================================
- HP-UX File Filesystem
- Release Size Size
- ====================================
- 10.01 2 GB 4 GB
- 10.10 2 GB 128 GB
- *10.20,11.x 128 GB 128 GB
- ====================================
-
- * On these releases it is possible to exceed the 128 GB limit to 256
- GB, but it is not supported.
-
- JFS (VxFS) Supported Sizes
- ==========================
- The maximum file and file system sizes supported by the Journaled File
- System (JFS), also known as the VERITAS File System (VxFS), are listed in
- the table below.
-
- TABLE 2. VxFS Supported File and Filesystem Sizes
- ==============================================================
- HP-UX JFS Disk Layout File Filesystem
- Release Version Version Size Size
- ==============================================================
- 10.01 - Version 2** 2 GB 4 GB
-
- 10.10 - Version 2** 2 GB 128 GB
-
- 10.20 Version 3.0 Version 2 2 GB 128 GB
- 10.20 Version 3.0 Version 3** 128 GB 128 GB
-
- 11.00 Version 3.1 Version 2 2 GB 128 GB
- *11.00 Version 3.1 Version 3** 1 TB 1 TB
-
- 11.00 Version 3.3 Version 2 2 GB 128 GB
- 11.00 Version 3.3 Version 3** 1 TB 1 TB
- 11.00 Version 3.3 Version 4 1 TB 1 TB
-
- 11i Version 3.3 Version 2 2 GB 128 GB
- 11i Version 3.3 Version 3 2 TB 2 TB
- 11i Version 3.3 Version 4** 2 TB 2 TB
- 11i v2.x Version ? Version ? 4 TB 4 TB
- ==============================================================
- * PHKL_22719 is needed to avoid mount problems if extending
- or creating file systems beyond 128 GB.
-
- ** default disk layouts for particular HP-UX Releases.
-
- Related JFS Patches
- ===================
- On HP-UX 10.20, several patches have been introduced to prevent the
- creation or extension of JFS filesystems beyond the supported maximum
- size of 128 GB:
-
- o PHCO_23035 - extendfs_vxfs(1M) cumulative patch
- o PHCO_23036 - fsadm_vxfs(1M) cumulative patch
- o PHCO_23037 - mkfs_vxfs(1M) cumulative patch
-
- Corresponding patches for HP-UX 11.00 and 11i are being prepared. The
- patch numbers were not known when this document was written. For the
- latest information about available patches, see the IT Resource Center:
-
- o <http://ITresourcecenter.hp.com/>
-
- If you have a support contract, select Browse Support Info By Product.
- If
- you do not have a support contract, select Individual Patches to search
- the Patch Database. Then select HP-UX Patches, select 11.00 or 11i or
- 11.11 as the OS version, and search for the keyword JFS to get a list of
- JFS patches.
-
- NOTE: You must register with the IT Resource Center to search the
- patch database
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.32 How can I determine how much RAM my system has?
- Updated: 06/14/02
-
- From SAM
- ========
- 1) goto Performance Monitors -> System Properties -> Memory
- 2) check Clock Frequency: value
-
- From the command-line
- =====================
- If you are root, you can use adb to query the kernel:
-
- # echo "memory_installed_in_machine/D" | adb -k /stand/vmunix /dev/mem
- | \
- tail -1 | awk '$2 > 0 { print $2 / 256 }'
-
- Or if /etc/dmesg is still current, you can grep it:
-
- $ /etc/dmesg | grep "real mem" | tail -1 | \
- awk '$4 > 0 { print $4 / 1048576 }'
-
- A few more methods that can be used (as root only):
-
- o As of 10.x, the following SAM command will show memory in MB:
- # /usr/sam/lbin/getmem
- However, getmem reportedly does not work on systems with >512 MB of
- RAM,
- and it is not supported by HP.
-
- o It's painfully slow, but the following cute method will also give the
- total MB:
- # expr `wc -c /dev/mem | cut -d' ' -f1` / 1048576
-
- o The following creative method suggested by Siem Korteweg
- <siem@xs4all.nl> prints the size in MB but works only on 10.x:
- # dd if=/dev/mem of=/dev/null bs=1024k 2>&1 | grep in | cut -d+ -f1
-
- Programmatically
- ================
- Here is a short program that will print the system's RAM size (can be run
- by any user):
-
- /* mem.c - To compile: cc +DAportable -o mem mem.c */
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <sys/param.h>
- #include <sys/pstat.h>
- #define BYTES_PER_MB 1048576
- main()
- {
- struct pst_static pst;
- union pstun pu;
-
- pu.pst_static = &pst;
- if ( pstat( PSTAT_STATIC, pu, (size_t)sizeof(pst), (size_t)0, 0 ) != -1
- ) {
- printf( "Physical RAM = %ld MB\n",
- (long)( (double)pst.physical_memory * pst.page_size / BYTES_PER_MB
- ) );
- exit( 0 );
- } else {
- perror("pstat_getstatic");
- exit( errno );
- }
- }
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.33 What are the various revisions of PA-RISC?
- Updated: 01/23/03
-
- Rev Bits Rel Models
- ==========================================================================
- 1.0 32-bit '86 TS1, NS, NS1, CS1, NS2, PCx
- 1.1 32-bit '89 PA7000 (PCx-S), PA7100 (PCx-T), PA7150 (PCx-T+),
- PA7100LC (PCx-L), PA7200 (PCx-T'), PA7300LC (PCx-L2)
- 2.0 64-bit '94 PA8000 (PCx-U), PA8200 (PCx-U+), PA8500 (PCx-W),
- PA8600 (PCx-W+),PA8700 (PCx-W2), PA8800, PA8900
-
- o The PA8700 is scheduled for release in the first half of 2001.
- o The PA8800 is slated for release in the first half of 2002.
- o The PA8900 is slated for release in the first half of 2003, and will
- probably be the final processor in the PA-RISC family.
-
- o HP-UX 10.10 is the last supported release for all PA-RISC 1.0 systems.
- o HP-UX 10.20 is the first supported release for PA-RISC 2.0 systems.
- o HP-UX 11.00 is the first release to utilize the 64-bit capacity of
- PA-RISC 2.0.
-
- PA-RISC architecture evolution
- ==============================
- When the original PA-RISC 1.0 Architecture was designed in the early
- eighties, its goal was to be a single architecture that efficiently spans
- Hewlett-Packard's three computer lines: the HP3000 commercial
- minicomputers, the HP9000 technical workstations and servers, and the
- HP1000 realtime controllers. Before introduction, the program was
- codenamed SPECTRUM. At introduction in 1986, it was known as HP's
- Precision Architecture, HP-PA, or just PA. Subsequently, the
- architecture was called PA-RISC, with the first version of the
- architecture known as PA-RISC 1.0.
-
- Since its introduction, the PA-RISC architecture has remained remarkably
- stable. Only minor changes were made over the next decade, to facilitate
- higher performance in floating-point and system processing. When PA-RISC
- 1.0 was designed, floating-point performance was not essential for the
- majority of the HP computer systems targeted at that time. Hence, the
- architecture defined floating-point support as optional coprocessor
- instructions, without emphasizing high performance. In 1989, driven by
- the performance needs of the HP9000 technical workstation line, PA-RISC
- 1.1 was introduced. This included additional floating-point capabilities,
- such as more floating-point registers, doubling the amount of register
- space for single-precision floating-point numbers, and introducing
- combined operation floating-point instructions[3]. These floating-point
- features enabled higher performance in technical computations, including
- graphics, where single-precision floating-point numbers are extensively
- used.
-
- In the system area, PA-RISC 1.1 architectural extensions were made to
- speed up the processing of performance-sensitive abnormal events, such as
- misses in the address translation cache (also called the TLB). Such
- architectural changes are only visible to the operating system, and do
- not affect any applications programs. Minor system changes have been
- added to the three editions of the PA-RISC 1.1 architecture, known as
- editions 1, 2 and 3, respectively, of the architecture manual.
-
- PA-RISC 1.1 also added bi-endian support. Previously, PA-RISC 1.0 was a
- consistently big endian machine, but in PA-RISC 1.1, support for little
- endian was also provided by means of a mode bit.
-
- The PA-RISC 2.0 architecture represents the first time that user-visible
- changes have been made to the core integer architecture. In addition to
- support for 64-bit integer data and 64-bit flat addresses, other
- user-visible changes have also been added to enhance the performance of
- new user workloads. For example, Multimedia Acceleration eXtensions (MAX)
- have been added to speedup multimedia processing by software running on
- the main processor, rather than on separate optional hardware. Some
- additional floating-point and system-level changes have also been added.
-
- (Excerpt from "64-bit and Multimedia Extensions in the PA-RISC 2.0
- Architecture" by Ruby Lee <rblee@ee.princeton.edu> and Jerry Huck
- <huck@cup.hp.com>, (c)Hewlett-Packard, 01/15/97)
-
- For further information on PA-RISC processors, see the below URLs:
-
- o <http://cpus.hp.com/technical_references/parisc.shtml>
- o
- <http://www.hp.com/products1/itanium/infolibrary/information/pa-risc_illuminata.pdf>
-
- For a description of considerations for 32-bit and 64-bit program
- development, including cross-platform development, see:
-
- o <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STK/crossplatform.html>
-
- You can expect programs compiled on a particular release of HP-UX to run
- on that release, or on any later release, but NOT on an earlier release.
- Hence, a program compiled on 11.00 can not be expected to run on 10.20.
-
- The HP compilers' scheduling option, +DS xxx, does not affect the
- compatibility of the generated object code. It affects only how the
- optimizer schedules instructions that have long latencies, so it is
- usually to your advantage to schedule the code for the fastest machine
- currently shipping, even if you are generating code for an earlier
- architecture.
-
- HP will gradually transition its servers from PA-RISC to the new
- Itanium[TM] processor family (IPF), also known as IA-64, starting in mid
- 2001. The IA-64 architecture was co-developed by Intel and HP, and so it
- inherits many features (and instructions) from PA-RISC. PA-RISC binaries
- will run on IA-64 systems.
-
- Intel's Itanium roadmap can be viewed at:
-
- o <http://www.openvms.org/hp/intel_itanium_roadmap.jpg>
-
- For more information on Itanium[TM], visit:
-
- o <http://www.hp.com/products1/itanium/>
-
- Information on transitioning to IA-64 is available as part of the HP-UX
- 11.x Software Transition Kit:
-
- o <http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STK/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.34 How do I find the clock speed of my system's CPU(s)?
- Updated: 04/03/01
-
- From the command-line
- =====================
- # echo "itick_per_usec/D" | adb /stand/vmunix /dev/mem | tail -1
- itick_per_usec: 552
-
- From SAM
- ========
- o Go to Performance Monitors -> System Properties -> Memory
- o Check Clock Frequency: value
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.35 How can I view/print PDF files?
- Added: 04/16/01
-
- You must install the HP-UX version of Adobe Acrobat Reader, which can be
- downloaded for free from:
-
- o <ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/acrobatreader/unix/>
-
- or:
-
- o <http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html>.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.36 How do I read an SGI-written tar format DDS tape?
-
- The secret (at least in this case) is to byte-swap the tape before
- passing it to tar:
-
- # dd if=/dev/rmt/0m conv=swab | tar -xvf -
-
- Byte swapping is believed to only be necessary if the device which
- created the tape was a swapping one (swapping tape devices are the
- default on IRIX 4, but not in IRIX 5). One can use /dev/nrtapens on
- either system to produce tapes which are not byte-swapped.
- If the SGI is running Irix 5.0x and above, a large (512k) block
- size is used:
-
- # dd if=/dev/rmt/0m ibs=512k obs=10k| tar -xvf -
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.37 Is the Euro supported?
- Added: 04/17/01
-
- 11i, as well as later 11.00 refresh releases, includes Euro support.
-
- Euro support can be added to 10.20 or 11.00 by installing a set of
- patches. These patches are listed at:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/products/EURO/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.38 How can I view various Windows-format files (Word docs,
- Excel spreadsheets, etc..) on an HP-UX system?
- Added: 04/17/01
-
- There is an excellent product called Quick View Plus[R] that is made by
- IntraNet Solutions (INSo). You can purchase a single copy of Quick View
- Plus for HP-UX from IntraNet Solutions. The cost is $59.00 and annual
- support can be purchased for an additional $8.85. Support provides
- technical assistance and any product enhancements for a 12-month period.
- Call INSo if you are interested in purchasing; they accept credit cards
- or purchase orders:
-
- Laura Pierce
- Corporate Sales
- IntraNet Solutions
- 800.989.9774 x2090
- 952.903.2090
- 952.829.5424 fax
- <mailto:laura.pierce@intranetsolutions.com>
- <http://www.intranetsolutions.com/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.39 How is the system load average, as reported by the uptime
- and top commands, calculated?
- Added: 04/17/01
-
- The load average is the average number of processes in the queue waiting
- for CPU time, over the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.40 Where can I get HP9000 firmware updates?
- Added: 04/19/01
-
- Firmware updates can be downloaded from the HP ITRC (see question 4.2.1.3
- for info on the ITRC). Go to:
-
- maintenance and support ---> patching: individual patches ---> firmware
-
- Check the "CPU patches" checkbox, before clicking the "SEARCH" button.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.41 Where can I look up HP part numbers?
- Added: 12/18/01
-
- Go to the HP PartSurfer web site:
-
- o <http://partsurfer.hp.com/>
-
- or purachase the HP Service Parts Information (HP-SPI) CD-ROM:
-
- o <http://partsurfer.hp.com/hp-spi/>
-
- Once you know the part numbers, you can order parts from the HP Parts
- Direct web site:
-
- o <http://partsdirect.hp.com/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.42 How can I create a /dev/zero special file?
- Updated: 10/14/02
-
- Prior to 11.11, HP-UX did not come with the special device file
- /dev/zero.
- However, it is possible to create one in 11.0 using the following
- command:
-
- # mknod /dev/zero c 3 4
-
- Of course, use of the device file on an 11.0 system is unsupported by HP.
-
- In conjunction with the dd command, /dev/zero can be used to fill a file
- with a given number of the '\0' (nul) character. For example, to create a
- 1 MB file named "foo" full of nul characters, use the command:
-
- $ dd bs=1024k count=1 if=/dev/zero of=foo
-
- Note the same thing can be accomplished in 10.x using the prealloc(1)
- command as follows:
-
- $ prealloc foo 1048576
-
- Note, filling a file with zeroes is not a secure way to wipe file data
- from disk. For this, you must use a utility such as 'shred', which is
- part of the GNU fileutils package.
-
- A device file with slightly similar behavior to /dev/zero can be created
- on 10.x as follows:
-
- # mknod /dev/full c 3 3
-
- Reading from this device will always succeed and report that the
- requested number of bytes were read. However, no data will actually be
- copied to the read buffer.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.43 Why is tail's output truncated for large amounts of input?
- Added: 05/02/02
-
- From the tail(1) manpage:
-
- WARNINGS: Tails relative to end-of-file are stored in a 20-Kbyte
- buffer,
- and thus are limited in length. Therefore, be wary of the
- results when piping output from other commands into tail.
-
- For HP-UX 11.11, the 20K limitation is corrected by PHCO_24707. For
- HP-UX
- 11.0 and earlier, GNU tail, part of the GNU textutils package, can be
- used
- instead.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.44 What commands or scripts exist for gathering and
- summarizing
- system information?
- Updated: 08/14/02
-
- If Ignite-UX is installed, the print_manifest command provides a good
- amount of information, including model, serial number, device info, swap
- & LVM info, IP and kernel parameters, and installed filesets.
-
- # /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest
-
- Ignite-UX comes preinstalled on newer boxes, or the latest version can be
- obtained for free from:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/products/IUX/>
-
- If you're running 11.20 or later, the new machinfo command provides
- similar information:
-
- # /usr/contrib/bin/machinfo
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.45 How can I convert numbers from one base to another?
- Added: 05/03/02
-
- You can use adb(1) to convert decimal to hexadecimal and hexadecimal to
- decimal as follows:
-
- To convert decimal 127 to hex:
-
- $ echo '0d127=X' | adb
-
- You should receive the following output:
-
- 7F
-
- To convert hex 7F to decimal:
-
- $ echo '0x7f=D' | adb
-
- You should receive the following output:
-
- 127
-
- Alternatively, the 'typeset' and 'set' shell builtins can be used to do
- base conversions. See sh-posix(1) or ksh(1).
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.46 What are the machine ID and serial number used for?
- Added: 05/03/02
-
- The machine (or software) ID # is not the same as the system serial #.
- Here is my attempt at summarizing what the two #'s mean and how they can
- be obtained:
-
- Machine ID #
- ============
- This number uniquely identifies a machine. It is usually 10 digits. It
- is used by HP and some 3rd party vendors for associating a software
- license with a particular machine. The number is stored on the system
- board and can only be changed by an HP support technician. It can be
- obtained using one of the following methods:
-
- $ uname -i # standard method
-
- $ getconf CS_MACHINE_IDENT # 11.11 and later only
-
- # print_manifest | grep "Software ID:" # if Ignite-UX is installed
- # (must be root)
-
- According to Dave Peter <dave.peter@eu.citrix.com>, some older
- workstations (735s for example) do not have unique machine ID #s.
-
- System Serial #
- ==============
- I don't think this number is unique among all HP systems. I'm guessing
- that it's at least unique only among systems with the same model #.
- Unlike the machine ID #, it is not stored on the system board. In fact,
- on older machines and non-factory-installed machines, it is not stored
- anywhere on the system, even on disk.
-
- On more recent factory-Ignited machines (As, Ls, Ns, etc..), the serial
- number is stored in the file
- '/var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.seed'
- You can check if the serial number is stored in this file by executing
- the
- following command as root:
-
- # print_manifest | grep "Serial number:"
-
- If the above command doesn't produce any output, you'll have to find the
- serial number the old-fashioned way. Look for it in the documents that
- shipped with the machine or on a sticker somewhere on the machine itself.
- Once you've found the serial number, use the following undocumented
- method
- to store it, along with your company's name, in the 'manifest.seed' file:
-
- # echo 'SERIAL xxxxxxxxxx'
- >>/var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.seed
- # echo 'CUSTOMER "My Company, Inc."' \
- >>/var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.seed
-
- Now give 'print_manifest' another try. You should see the serial # and
- your company's name in the output.
-
- Another command that is supposed to print the serial # on 11.11 and later
- is:
-
- # getconf CS_MACHINE_SERIAL
-
- However, I have not been able to get this command to print anything other
- than a blank line. It apparently does not read from the 'manifest.seed'
- file is used by Ignite-UX.
-
- ---
-
- If you have a system which does not support FRU IDs (currently every
- system
- except the N- and L-Class) take a look into the predictive configuration.
- The serial no. should be entered there. On a V2500/V2600 you can execute
- the
- command 'jf-ccmd_info' on the TestStation.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.47 How can I tell what commands SAM is executing under the
- hood?
- Added: 07/08/02
-
- From within SAM, select the 'View SAM Log' option to view part or all of
- the SAM log file at varying levels of detail. The log viewer can also be
- accessed by executing '/usr/sam/bin/samlog_viewer'.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.48 How can I view a file in octal or hexadecimal?
- Added: 07/08/02
-
- For octal, use:
-
- $ od -b file
-
- For hexadecimal, use:
-
- $ xd -b file
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.49 How do I configure the kernel to write corefiles as
- core.<pid>?
- Added: 07/24/02
-
- If you are using 11.00 or later, set the 'core_addpid' kernel parameter
- to a non-zero value. The kernel will now create corefiles as core.<pid>.
- SAM can be used to easily modify kernel paramters. Note, a reboot will
- be necessary.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.50 How do I analyze a system crash dump?
- Added: 07/24/02
-
- The tool to read them is called q4, although you can also get some info
- from adb by going into the the directory and running:
-
- # echo "msgbuf+8/s" | adb -m vmunix .
-
- Don't forget the dot on the end :-)
-
- If you really want to learn as much as possible for a customer about the
- HP-UX kernel, and so gain some insight as to what's going on inside a
- dump, then the best thing is to take the "Inside HP-UX" course from HP;
- it's course number is H5081S.
-
- The normal way to deal with crash dumps is to have an HP support
- contract,
- and then get their Responce Center to have a look at the dump, ascertain
- if it's a known problem, and if so tell you which patch(es) you need to
- apply.
-
- Analyzing a crash dump takes a great deal of experience, knowledge and
- access to the source code for HP-UX and a large data mine full of
- similar crash dumps. The msgbuf will say something like:
-
- data segmentation violation
-
- which means: the kernel made a mistake and a pointer to an integer has an
- odd address (must be an even address). However, this is of no use until
- you try to unwind why the kernel made this mistake, look at the source
- code to see if a fix has been made, and finally recommend a patch.
-
- Here are a few reasons that you'll see in msgbuf (and also
- /etc/shutdownlog):
-
- freeing free frag
- freeing free inode
-
- This means severe filesystem corruption exists on the disk (not to be
- confused with I/O errors unless the error is undetected).
-
- HPMC
-
- This is a hardware failure and a board will have to be replaced.
- Determining which board is actually easier than finding a patch for a
- software problem.
-
- The vast majority of crash mistakes have been corrected through patches,
- so you can save your self a lot of time by applying the complete set of
- patch bundles from your SupportPlus CDROM. Any CD from the past year is a
- good choice. Or you can download the latest SupportPlus patch bundles
- from:
-
- o <http://software.hp.com/SUPPORT_PLUS/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.51 Is HP-UX free for non-profit users (students, hobbyists,
- etc..)?
- Updated: 01/10/03
-
- In the past, if you owned an HP-UX workstation (series 700) system, HP-UX
- 11.0 media could be obtained for free as part of HP's Easy Setup
- initiative. Unfortunately, since Easy Setup functionality is now built
- into the standard HP-UX 11.0 and 11i distributions, free media is no
- longer provided.
-
- If you own a server (series 800) system, you must either purchase an
- HP-UX media kit from HP, or make a copy of someone else's OS media.
-
- As for HP-UX licenses, they basically come with the hardware, though for
- used _servers_, a license transfer request form, signed by the buyer and
- the seller, has to be submitted to HP. For 10.20 and later,
- unlimited-user license upgrades can be obtained for free from HP; see
- 5.14.1 for details.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.52 Where can I obtain a free HP-UX shell account?
- Added: 08/14/02
-
- The HP/Compaq test drive program allows you to test drive some of the
- latest HP/Compaq hardware running HP-UX or other HP-supported operating
- systems:
-
- o <http://www.testdrive.compaq.com/>
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 8.53 How do I grep for an exact word as with "grep -w" in
- Linux?
- Added: 09/12/03
-
- From 11.11 onwards, the -w option is supported. Otherwise, use:
-
- $ grep -E "(^|[^[:alnum:]_])(<word_to_be_searched>)([^[:alnum:]_]|$)"
-
- or install GNU grep and use its -w option.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 9.1 Contributors
-
- Thanks to all those who have contributed to this FAQ over the years!
-
- And special thanks to all former maintainers of this FAQ:
-
- o Greg Cagle <greg_cagle@hp.com> of HP, Portland (OR) site, was the FAQ
- maintainer until Nov '94.
-
- o Colin Wynd formerly of HP, was the maintainer until Nov '95.
-
- o Craig Gilmore <craig_gilmore@hp.com> of HP, Mountain View (CA)
- site, was the maintainer until Feb '96.
-
- o Alek Komarnitsky <alek@komar.org> got conned into doing this by
- Greg starting in Aug '96 (where's that six-pack of Hank's?!? ;-)
-
- o Ian P. Springer <ian_springer@hp.com> of HP, Mount Laurel (NJ)
- site, took over maintaining the FAQ in Mar '01.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 9.2 Trademarks
-
- Adobe[R] and Adobe Acrobat[R] are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc.
-
- AIX[R] is a registered trademark of IBM Corp.
-
- ARPUS and Ce are trademarks of Enabling Technologies Group, Inc.
-
- DLT is a trademark of Quantum Corp.
-
- Eudora[R] is a registered trademark of the University of Illinois Board
- of
- Trustees, licensed to QUALCOMM, Inc.
-
- HP-UX[R] and PA-RISC[R] are registered trademarks of Hewlett Packard
- Company.
-
- Intel[R] is a U.S. registered trademark of Intel Corp.
-
- Itanium[TM] is a trademark or registered trademark of Intel Corp. in the
- U.S. and other countries.
-
- Java[TM], NIS[TM], and Solaris[TM] are trademarks of Sun Microsystems,
- Inc., in the U.S. and other countries.
-
- Linux[R] is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
-
- Oracle[R] is a registered U.S. trademark of Oracle Corp., Redwood City,
- CA.
-
- The Open Group[TM] and X Window System[TM] are trademarks of the Open
- Software Foundation in the U.S. and other countries.
-
- OSF/1[R], Motif[R], and UNIX[R] are registered trademarks of the Open
- Software Foundation in the U.S. and other countries.
-
- POSIX[TM] is a trademark of the The Institute of Electrical and
- Electronics Engineers, Inc.
-
- QUALCOMM[R] is a registered trademark and Qpopper[TM] is a trademark of
- QUALCOMM, Inc.
-
- Quick View Plus[R] is a registered trademark of IntraNet Solutions, Inc.
-
- SecurID is a registered trademark of RSA Security Inc.
-
- Sun[R] and NFS[R] are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in
- the U.S. and other countries.
-
- Windows[R] and Windows NT[R] are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft
- Corp.
-
- All other trademarked brand or product names mentioned in this FAQ are
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- properties of their respective owners.
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