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Newsgroups: comp.graphics.animation,news.answers,comp.answers Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!hookup!news.join.ad.jp!news.imnet.ad.jp!usenet.seri.re.kr!news.kreonet.re.kr!newsxfer.itd.umich.edu!news.mathworks.com!gatech!swrinde!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!uwm.edu!newsspool.doit.wisc.edu!night.primate.wisc.edu!relay!relay2!relay-wo!dtix.dt.navy.mil!navair2.nalda.navy.mil!avalon.chinalake.navy.mil!archimedes!dejesus From: dejesus@archimedes.vislab.navy.mil (Francisco X DeJesus) Subject: comp.graphics.animation FAQ v3.3 (7 Mar) Message-ID: <animation-faq-3.3@avalon.chinalake.navy.mil> Followup-To: comp.graphics.animation X-Permission: Permission is granted to redistribute the whole or part of this document on three conditions: i) it's not done for profit; ii) the source of the material, and its authors, are acknowledged; iii) a pointer to where to find a current copy of the FAQ is provided. Summary: This posting is what currently passes for a comp.graphics.animation FAQ. It has information on computer animation for end-users, hobbyists, career animators, and programmers. Please read this FAQ before posting to comp.graphics.animation. Originator: dejesus@archimedes Keywords: Computer Animation, Resource, FAQ. Sender: usenet@avalon.chinalake.navy.mil (NAWS news admin) Supersedes: <animation-faq-3.2@avalon.chinalake.navy.mil> <animation-faq-3.1@avalon.chinalake.navy.mil> <animation-faq-2.11@avalon.chinalake.navy.mil> Organization: Science Applications International Corp. Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 17:23:28 GMT Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU X-Copyright: (C) 1996 Francisco X. DeJesus and respective authors. Expires: Wed, 10 Apr 1996 12:00:00 GMT Lines: 1706 Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.graphics.animation:31666 news.answers:66484 comp.answers:17450 Archive-name: graphics/animation-faq Last-modified: 6 March 1996 Version: 3.3 Posting-frequency: Monthly Last-issue: comp.graphics.animation FAQ v3.2 (7 Feb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Well, what else you got?" "...OK, red throbbing balls! Moving in unison before your very eyes! Of course, with CHROME..." -- Flying Logos, Inc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION ************ Please read this FAQ before posting to `comp.graphics.animation'. Computer animation is a large and growing field, and people want different things from it; this FAQ tries to cover all bases, and as a result is rather thin on many of them! So feel free to contribute, or to offer suggestions -- the FAQ will NEVER be complete or free of errors, but your help will make it better. -- Contents -- * Introduction:: you're looking at it * Related Resources:: where your enquiries may be better directed * Miscellaneous Questions:: FAQ's that don't fit anywhere else... * Using Animation:: from the end-user's pov * Hobby Animation:: from the hobbyist's pov * Animation Media:: animation not on your VDU * Career Animation:: animation as a business * Animation Theory:: technical / programming information * Animation Software:: software you may want to use * About Box:: about the FAQ Changes ======= Updated the entries for two software packages (Impulse Imagine and Renderize Live / Visual Reality). Also added some information concerning the status of Reboot's third season. Should I post to comp.graphics.animation? ========================================= `comp.graphics.animation' is a forum for discussion of all things relating to computer animation. This includes, but is not limited to the following: (these are general guidelines ONLY!) * computer animation research * implementation of animation systems * animation software packages * animation-related hardware * computer animation in film and tv * working in the animation industry * net-accessible animation If you'd like to see the original charter for the group, as it first appeared in the usenet Call For Votes, you can find it at: URL: ftp://ftp.uu.net/usenet/control/comp/comp.graphics.animation.Z If your post is not of general interest (to `comp.graphics.animation'), but you think `c.g.anim' is the most specific, the most appropriate, or is likely to be the most fruitful forum -- don't hesitate to post. But `c.g.anim' is not for discussion of things for which there *are* more specific resources available (ie newsgroups, mailing lists, etc) and which are not of *general* *interest* to `c.g.anim' readers. If you're not sure, you may as well post -- the group's not moderated, and is frequented by mostly polite people -- you're not likely to get flamed, but please do spare a moment's thought before you post. The next chapter (see `Related Resources') lists some places you may find more suited to your particular query. Some questions about posting specific types of articles are also addressed in the `Miscellaneous Questions' chapter. Availability / Distribution =========================== The most current version of the FAQ in all its different formats is always available by FTP in URL: ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/FAQs/cga-faq/ and the latest HTML version is at URL: http://www.ridgecrest.ca.us/fx/cga-faq.html The plain-text version of the FAQ is posted the first week of every month on comp.graphics.animation, and the article (like all other `official' FAQs) is archived on `rtfm' URL: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-group/news.answers/graphics/animation-faq All official FAQs, and then some, are available on the WWW (plaintext and/or HTML-ized) at: URL: http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/FAQ-List.html ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RELATED RESOURCES ***************** ...or, does my post really belong in `comp.graphics.animation'? Computer animation, like its progenitor computer graphics, abuts on a large number of fields. There are a lot of crossover topics, and a lot of related resources other than this newsgroup. Please try and direct your questions to the most appropriate place! Graphics/Animation Newsgroups ============================= comp.graphics.misc - general image generation, modelling comp.graphics.algorithms - algorithms for graphics comp.graphics.animation - you're looking at the FAQ right now! comp.graphics.raytracing - bouncing light around comp.graphics.visualization - scientific / data visualization comp.graphics.apps.wavefront - CG software from Wavefront comp.graphics.apps.alias - CG software from Alias Research comp.graphics.apps.lightwave - CG software from NewTek comp.graphics.apps.softimage - CG software from Softimage comp.graphics.apps.photoshop - Adobe Photoshop comp.graphics.packages.3dstudio - CG package from AutoDesk comp.graphics.rendering.raytracing - Raytracing software (POV, etc) comp.graphics.rendering.renderman - rendering via Renderman comp.graphics.rendering.misc - misc rendering discussions comp.sys.XXX.graphics \ comp.sys.XXX \ comp.sys.XXX.hardware.video } how do I do YYY on/under XXX comp.os.ms-windows.* / comp.windows.* / comp.multimedia - sound and text and vision alt.3d - SIRDS, holograms, etc. 3d perception. alt.movies.visual-effects - SFX for film and TV alt.graphics.pixutils - picture manipulation, conversion rec.arts.animation - discussion of traditional animation rec.arts.disney.animation - discussion of Disney's animation rec.arts.anime* - discussion of Japanese animation alt.animation.warner-bros - Chuck Jones and mates rec.video.{desktop,production} - video, desktop video sci.image.processing - sophisticated image manipulation sci.virtual-worlds* - anything about VR comp.compression - compression issues (JPEG, MPEG, etc) alt.ascii-art.animation - yes, vt100 animation alt.binaries.pictures.* - posts of pictures, anims, utils, etc fj.rec.animation - discussion of anime (in japanese) *.test (misc.test, etc.) - test postings (some people...) comp.*.advocacy - Mac vs PC vs SGI vs Amiga, etc... Web Resources ============= These references are specific sources of information in various broad areas relevant to this FAQ. If you don't understand the syntax used here to specify where to reach these resources on the net, check out the 'About Box' section of the FAQ for information on Resource Specifications. 3DSite 3DSite (URL: http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/): a great CGI/animation WWW site. Industry resumes (submit yours!) and job offers, information on CGI production houses. Literature, references, discussion for animation (not just computer animation). Information on relevant hardware and software firms, software packages. Pointers to CGI organizations, labs, projects, and some VR pointers. IRC panels on animation and more. Maintained by Daniele Colajacomo (daniele@netcom.com). Thanks Daniele! GWEB GWEB (URL: http://www2.cinenet.net/GWEB/): An informal trade journal for the computer animation industry. Includes monthly interviews with industry luminaries, job postings, and information on production houses. Also information on relevant hardware and software. Maintained by Rob and Sharil (gweb@cinenet.net). Thanks! Avalon This FTP/Web site was created to be a 3D repository site for the 'net. It's primarily a stockpile of free 3D objects and models in various different formats, along with file format descriptions, conversion/display/plug-in utilities, and some textures and demo software. Although FTP access is still available, Viewpoint asks anyone with web-browsing capabilities to access the site thru their home page (URL: http://www.viewpoint.com/) for a *much* better interface to the archive. Comp.Graphics.Misc FAQ The `comp.graphics.misc' FAQ: graphics references, groups, standards, various algorithms, etc. HTML version available at URL: http://www.primenet.com/~grieggs/cg_faq.html Maintained by John T. Grieggs (grieggs@netcom.com). Thanks John! Other graphics-related FAQs can be found at: URL: http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/graphics/top.html More Specific Resources ======================= More specific resources are scattered throughout the FAQ in the sections dealing with the specific topic, so for instance for resources concerning animation file formats, see `Animation File Formats', and for resources concerning individual software packages, see `Animation Software'. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS *********************** Here are some of the FAQ's that are not answered elsewhere in this document. If there are any questions that you feel belong here, or wish to add to any of the answers, please don't hesitate to contact me. 001. Is it ok to post job offers to this newsgroup? Although not specifically mentioned in the charter, and there *is* a newsgroup for job offers (misc.jobs.offered), the general concensus is that yes, they are welcome. 002. Is it ok to post advertisements for software, services, etc to the newsgroup? Gray area. For the most part, this is bad netiquette. However, posting a short message with a pointer (email address, web page, etc) so those who actually want more information can go and find it without flooding the group, is ok. 003. I want to study [CG] animation for a career. Are there any good schools? Craig Slagel (Craig@craig5.demon.co.uk) has put together a "computer animation schools FAQ", which includes excerpts from many responses that have been posted to this question. It is posted to the newsgroup, and it's available via ftp at: URL: ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/FAQs/computer.animation.school.faq Also, GWEB (URL: http://www2.cinenet.net/GWEB/) has a nice page of schools, indexed by general locations. 004. What should I put on a demo reel? Quick answer: your best stuff. Keep it short (3-10 minutes max). Show the kind of thing you want to get a job doing (ie., be careful about including flying logos unless that's what you want to do). 005. How much should I charge for my work? Quick answer: how much are you worth, and how much are your clients willing to pay you? If you just want experience, you can charge little (or nothing), but your client(s) *will* get used to it, and it will be harder for you to convince them to pay you later if you want to do it as a business. Since the amount of work varies from one animation job to another, there's no clear-cut figure to give. Variables to consider are time needed to do the job, and what resources are required. 006. What is the best system for CG/animation? Flammable topic! Don't ask. If you must ask, be more specific... what type of CG/animation work do you want to do, what quality, will you be doing work with any other H/W and/or specific S/W package, and how much are you willing to spend in both time and money. Even so, every system has strengths, weaknesses, and advocates. Don't expect a concensus. Your best bet is to try out as many different ones as you can firsthand, and make your own decision. 007. What is the best software package for CG/animation? See above. 008. How do I contact ILM (Industrial Light & Magic)? Is there an email address? You don't, they call you :-) ...actually, they do have a P.O. Box number (probably more than one, really): P.O. Box 2009, San Rafael, CA 94912. They also have a net connection, but it's not "advertised", and those who know it are not going to give details. They wish to remain as anonymous as possible on the net... *please* respect their privacy. 009. What about ILM/Lucasfilm internships for students? (from the rec.arts.movies.production FAQ): Both Lucasfilm and ILM run an intership program three times a year for several months. Only the summer program is available to those who reside outside the United States. For more information contact Lucasfilm at (415) 662-1800. 010. Has anyone seen or know anything about the cartoon "Reboot"? Reboot is produced by Alliance Communications and BLT Productions in Vancouver. They use SGI hardware and Softimage software (along with their own propietary stuff for facial animation and lip sync). They don't use motion capture. They started production in 1994 (though the show's copyright lists a 1991 date), and the show just finished its second season. An "Unofficial" Reboot home page is at: URL: http://www.inwap.com/Reboot.html NOTE: Word is that a third season of Reboot will be produced and shown in Canada (starting in September), but ABC has decided to drop it from its Saturday morning lineup. No information has surfaced yet on who might pick up the series for US distribution in the fall... 011. I need an object/model/mesh of... See the `Related Resources' section of the FAQ as well as the specific sections for each software package below for info on FTP sites for freely available models. Additionally, there are several companies which sell ready-made or custom-made models in most formats. They usually advertise in some of the magazines listed in the "Journals" section (below). Here are a few of the well-known ones and where to find them on the web: Viewpoint Datalabs - URL: http://www.viewpoint.com/ In addition to having their catalog online, Viewpoint also hosts the Avalon archive for the largest collection of free 3D models on the net (now with a cool HTML interface!) Acuris - URL: http://www.acuris.com/ 3Name3D - URL: http://www.ywd.com/ 3DSite (URL: http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/) also has a "model market" service available from their web page, and another similar service is Richard Tilmann's "MeshMart" (URL: http://cedar.cic.net/~rtilmann/mm/index.htm), and visit Harry H. Chang's home page at URL: http://www.loop.com/~hhc/ for some cool Star Wars objects (3DStudio format). 012. I need an image/texture/picture of... There are a few textures at avalon.viewpoint.com. There is also a huge collection of pictures (though most are not tileable) at URL: ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/multimedia/images There are numerous other ftp sites with clumps of pictures and textures out there... too many to list. Additionally, there are also several CD-ROM's out with tileable texturemaps and other images in most popular formats. If anyone has any good finds, please let me know and I'll list those here. 013. What is motion capture? Motion capture is a technique by which a performer's movements can be recorded digitally, and reproduced by a CG character either in real-time or after the data has been processed (depending on how the data is sampled). This allows for more realistic and natural motion in character animation. A variation of this technique uses an armature instead of a performer, and movements are made and keyframed the same way that stop-motion animators have been doing it for many years. 014. What resolution should I render my animations in? That depends greatly on what the final media will be. If it's going to remain on a computer screen (MPEG, Quicktime, etc), then factors to consider are disk space, playback speed, and memory requirements. If it will be transferred to video or film, best to ask whoever will be recording it for you, because it might depend on the recording device. See the section on `Animation Media' in this FAQ for a few more specifics. 015. So what do you know about Toy Story? The Pixar movie "Toy Story" is currently playing in theaters in the US. They have a deal with Disney to produce two more movies (and are reportedly already working on the next one). What the next one will be about is still a closely-guarded secret. There's a lot of inside jokes in the movie, mainly in the brands and company names seen, as well as references to several of the animators and Pixar's previous works in the titles of the books in Andy's room. For some more info on the movie, visit the web site HTTP: http://www.toystory.com. For information on the technical aspects of the film (resolution, number of objects, etc) see the August 1995 issue of Computer Graphics World. Another good article about the movie appears in the December 1995 issue of Cinefex. One last note: According to CNN, "Toy Story" came out as the #3 movie for US domestic box office performance in 1995 (behind "Batman Forever" and "Apollo 13", but ahead of Disney's "Pocahontas"). Congrats Pixar! 016. Where can I get the Pixar videos? Pixar reportedly sells them directly (in VHS format). Call 510-236-4000 and follow the instructions, or you can try them at 1001 West Cutting Blvd., Richmond CA 94804. Fax: 510-236-0388. They are not currently available on Laserdisc except for a few bits here and there in general CG animation collections. Additionally, there are at least two (*unconfirmed*) sources for the video which includes "Red's Dream", "Luxo, Jr.", "Tin Toy", and "Knick-Knack": Expanded Entertainment 1-800-996-TOON extension 125 (Mon-Fri 9am-6pm Pacific) $25 plus S&H Media Magic 1-800-882-8284 (credit card orders) (order #v145) for $25 017. Is there a program to convert {MPEG,FLI,MOV,QT,AVI,single images, etc} to {single images,AVI,QT,MOV,FLI,MPEG, etc}? Stephane Woillez (wos@prism.uvsq.fr) has put together a web page (URL: http://www.prism.uvsq.fr/public/wos/multimedia/) with several conversion utilities available for downloading. So far, this is the best single collection of such tools I know of. Mainactor (for Amiga) available on Aminet (in `gfx/edit', will read 14 formats including GIF, IFF-ILBM, IFF-ANIM[5,7,8], MPEG, FL[CI], and write most of these (not GIF or MPEG) You can add sound effects and edit your animations too. 018. Is computer art "cheating"? The overwhelming opinion (of the informed public) is that no, it is not. Computer art is simply a new form, much like photography was when it was first introduced. Computers do little more than sit there and take up space unless a human uses them to create something. It is just a bad misconception when the media reports something was done "by" a computer, when it was a really a human being using a computer the way a painter uses a paintbrush. The computer is just a tool. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- USING ANIMATION *************** This chapter's for those who simply want to see the results of others' hard labour -- animation file formats and conversions, animation players and sites. Much of the information here is presented much better in the graphics file formats FAQ: URL: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/graphics/fileformats-faq Animation File Formats ====================== See also: Murray, Vanryper, "Encylopedia of Graphics File Formats", O'Reilly & Assoc, 1994, ISBN 1565920589. It covers most 2-d and 3-d graphics file formats out there today. Murray also maintains an FAQ (see above) which covers much of the same material. [text by mark podlipec and others] For code that reads: DL, FLI, FLC, GIF, IFF, MovieSetter, PFX, Quicktime, and RLE animation formats, see the `xanim' entry in `Players', below. Other players' source may also be useful for these and other formats. AVI (PC): Resources: URL: ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/ (RIFF AVI format. doesn't include compression format). DL: ?? FLI, FLC (Autodesk) (PC): FLI support is for 320x200 images, and is a series of images and deltas. The colour map can be changed during the animation. FLC has a few additional chunks and supports larger image sizes. Resources: FLC article in DDJ'93 - `ftp://simtel20.../graphic/...' and URL: ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/format_specs/Autodesk_fli_and_flc_format.txt (specification of format). GIF (PC): A GIF file consists of a screen colour map and a series of images, each with an optional colour map. The images don't have to be at the origin and can be any size smaller than the screen size. This allows GIF animations to be created that only update the part of the screen that changes. GIFs (including transparent GIFs) are also discussed in the Comp.Graphics.Misc FAQ. GL (PC): (not to be confused with SGI's GL programming language) IFF ANIM (Amiga): The Amiga's IFF format was designed as a universal (extensible) data format. Many different data types and chunks can be found in IFF ANIMs. Many ANIMs include sound chunks or colour cycling. There are a plethora of compression techniques (with different tradeoffs) used. Most IFF ANIMs are meant to be double-buffered, with deltas applying to frames two distant. A looping ANIM means the last two deltas produce images that are the same as the first two. The Amiga has a large number of display modes (a couple of them, EHB and HAM are unusual; HAM is the hardest to emulate). Resources: (specification of format) URL: ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/format_specs/iffspecs.lzh MovieSetter (GoldDisk) (Amiga): A very flexible animation format. Animations are stored as a bunch of backgrounds, sounds and sets. Sets are smaller images that get placed on top of the background (with transparent pixels). A frame list at the end describes each frame. Each frame specifies which background to use (backgrounds can also scroll in different directions and speeds), and a list of sets to put on that background with depth information so characters can pass behind or in front of each other. Sound information is contained here as well to sync it up to the action. There is also colour cycling and specialty fades and wipes. Can come as one file or as three directories and a control file. MPEG (lossy): Resources: `faq://graphics/mpeg-faq', also in germany ftp://ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de/pub/msdos/dos/graphics/mpegfa??.zip' (covers specification, future, software (players, &c), hardware, incl. pointers to other information...); `post://alt.binaries.pictures.utilities/"WHERE TO GET MPEG UTILS"'; Luigi's MPEG FAQ (URL: http://www.crs4.it/~luigi/MPEG/mpegfaq.html); another WWW MPEG site (URL: http://w3.eeb.ele.tue.nl/mpeg/index.html); URL: ftp://ftp.crs4.it (MPEG, and other image compression techniques). PFX (PageFlipper Plus F/X) (Amiga): A series of deltas with a play list at the end. Supports colour map changes, nested loops and dynamic timing. RLE (URT) (Unix): One or more runlength encoded images, viewable with an X11 viewing program. Tools for creating consistent colour maps and for many other operations are part of the toolkit. Players ======= `display' v1.84 (PC) (Jih-Shin Ho). AVI, DL, FLC, GL, MPEG. `ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/PC/graphics/disp*' (also on `simtel20') MPEG players for IBM, Mac, Unix, VMS, Next. See `post://alt.binaries.pictures.utilities/"WHERE TO GET MPEG UTILS"', or the MPEG FAQ at URL: http://www.cs.tu-berlin.de/~phade/mpegfaq/ MPEG player for Atari, X11, IBM URL: http://w3.eeb.ele.tue.nl/mpeg/index.html `xanim' (X-Windows) (Mark Podlipec). DL, FLI, FLC, GIF, IFF, MovieSetter, PFX, Quicktime, RLE Official FTP site: `ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/applications/xanim???.tar.Z'. WWW page URL: http://www.univ-rennes1.fr/ASTRO/fra/xanim.html DFV From the same person who gave you DTA (Dave's Targa Animator), comes Dave's Flic Viewer (?). Available in URL: ftp://ftp.povray.org/pub/povray/utilities For animation file format converters, see the 'Miscellaneous Questions' section. Animation Sites =============== URL: ftp://ftp.univ-rennes1.fr/Images/ASTRO/anim/ -- Space anims URL: ftp://ftp.cnam.fr/pub/Fractals/anim/ -- Fractal anims URL: http://w3.eeb.ele.tue.nl/mpeg/index.html -- Various MPEG anims URL: ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/gfx/anim/Kinetic.lha (**DOWN**) -- Various Amiga anims (also on other aminet sites) URL: ftp://ftp.povray.org -- POV-anims (and all other things POV...) URL: http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/imager/imager.html -- MPEG animations done using hierarchical b-splines. For more on the modeller see `Dragon'. URL: http://archpropplan.auckland.ac.nz/People/Mat/gallery/animations.html -- Mat Carr's animations URL: ftp://ftp.ridgecrest.ca.us/pub/users/dejesus/rednightmare.mpg -- Red's Nightmare (a nice take on Red's Dream - 3.6MB) URL: http://animation.filmtv.ucla.edu/ -- UCLA Animation Workshop URL: http://www.aw.sgi.com:80/Product/library/Animation_Gallery.html -- Animation Gallery at the Alias|Wavefront Site (lots of cool stuff) URL: http://www.eecs.wsu.edu/IRL/ANIM/Anim.html -- WSU Computer Animations "Grinning Evil Death" (featuring a cockroach and a breakfast cereal superhero) and other computer animation is available in video stores as "The Computer Animation Festival, Volume 1". See 3DSite (URL: http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/) for more sites. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HOBBY ANIMATION *************** This chapter's for those who want to make their own animations for fun. Animation Process ================= [by charles king and angus] Things don't necessarily have to happen in this order (or at all), and there's room for plenty of feedback between them, especially in computer animation, but here's the basic flow. Although it's an advantage (both for the animator and the software) to integrate as many stages as possible in the one package, and most `animation' packages do so, in practice all packages have their relative merits and work may be swapped from package to package to exploit their strengths, especially in `high end' studios. This sequence assumes that the animation has already been scripted. *Model Design* *input* script *tool* Modeller *task* making the models to be animated *output* models *Animation Design* *input* models, script *tool* Animation Package *task* planning and tuning sequences of motion, action, interaction, lighting (very important!), etc... *output* animation script *Production / Rendering* *input* models, animation script *tools* Renderer front-end, Renderer *task* generating images from which the animation is to be constructed *output* images *Post-Production* *input* images, script *tools* Editor, Compositor, Paint, Image Processing, other SFX Packages *task* modifying, compositing, sequencing the images *output* final sequence of images *Transfer* *input* sequence of images *tools* various media, media i/o hardware *task* transferring the frames to the desired medium *output* the product Venues ====== Conferences and other Events ---------------------------- SIGGRAPH ACM's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics. Annual conference includes courses, vendor shows and demos, displays of the year's best animations, paper presentations, etc. SIGGRAPH '95 will be held in Los Angeles, California, August 6-11. There are numerous local chapters, and meetings held in each region. For more information, ftp to ftp.siggraph.org or check out their home page at URL: http://www.siggraph.org/ Prix Ars Electronica: International Competition for the Computer Arts. This is an annual event. Information follows: ~$80k US in prizes for the animation category alone! General Info '94: (Peter Schoeber) mail: ORF-Prix Ars Electronica, Europaplatz 3, A-4010 Linz, Austria. phone: +43 (732) 6900-267, fax: -270, telex: +21616 email: `schoeber@jk.uni-linz.ac.at' (if you have trouble reaching that address, try rito@rito.com) Animation Info '96: (Christine Schpf) phone: +43 (732) 6900-218 For more info, check out their web page: URL: http://www.rito.com/prix/index.htm [note: I need more info on these...] Imagina EG w'shop (eg) CGI (cgs) Computer Animation (cgs) Graphics Interface ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANIMATION MEDIA *************** This chapter's about the various media an animation might end up on, and how to get it there. Both GWEB (URL: http://www2.cinenet.net/GWEB/) and 3DSite (URL: http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/) have information on animation hardware and software. Media Properties ================ Video ----- (NTSC PAL SECAM HDTV fields composite component synch RGB analog digital...) Video Formats ------------- -format- -by- -use- -A/D- -comp...- -other- VHS JVC home analog composite 1/2" Video8/8mm Sony home analog ... 8mm Betamax Sony home analog composite 1/2" SVHS JVC prosumer analog ... 1/2" Hi-8 Sony prosumer analog ... 8mm ED Beta Sony prosumer? analog component ... M (M1)? Matsu industrial? analog ... ... U-Matic 3/4" Sony? industrial analog composite 3/4" Betacam Sony industrial? analog component 1/2" Digital Betacam Sony broadcast digital component compressed M2 Matsu broadcast? analog component ... U-Matic SP Sony? broadcast? analog ... ... Betacam SP Sony broadcast analog component ... D-3 Matsu broadcast digital composite ... DCT Ampex broadcast digital component compressed D-2 Ampex master on-air digital composite uncompressed? D-1 Sony master RGB digital component uncompressed other formats? other properties (image encoding techniques, sound quality, effective number of `lines', ...) notes: D-1 endorsed by SMPTE committee Matsu == Matsushita == Panasonic Film ---- (8mm super-8 16,32,72mm anamorphic stock ...) normal film grain ~2500 lpi resolution. slow film <-> higher resolution. 32mm: 0.875" x 1.3125" (2:3) Media I/O ========= (VCRs genlocks frame-stores film-scanners) *Film Recorders:* most film recorders have at least 2000 lpi resolution, 4000 is typical. For optimum quality, your image should be a little over twice the resolution of the recording medium. *Screen-To-Camera:* a cheap (but surprisingly effective) option for images that can be displayed at full resolution on your monitor is to photograph the screen directly using a single-framing camera. Film better than super-8 is likely to be overkill. Any lights on your monitor should be taped over, and the whole lot should be put under a black hood (made of cardboard or anything else handy). A slow film (100 ASA or slower, the slower the better), f8 exposure, and loong exposures should eliminate any scanline artifacts. Resolution / Aspect ------------------- film recorders: 2000+ lpi (4000 typical). 35mm: ~2500 lpi at .875" x 1.3125" ~= 2200 x 3300 pixels. (2:3) lpi == lines per inch. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CAREER ANIMATION **************** This chapter's for those who want to make a career of computer animation. (See `Hobby Animation' for Animation Process, Software, Venues) 3DSite (URL: http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/) holds resumes, and has information on job offers, CGI production houses, organizations, laboratories and projects. GWEB (URL: http://www2.cinenet.net/GWEB/) has industry interviews, information on production houses, and job listings. Your Union ========== The Motion Picture Screen Cartoonists and Affiliated Optical Electronic and Graphic Arts, Local 839 IATSE (California) has an ftp site with copies of their negotiated awards, news, courses, etc: URL: ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/mp/mpsc839/ (email `mpsc@netcom.com' for more info). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANIMATION THEORY **************** This chapter covers the basics of what computer animation is about according to graphics academics (well, it's meant to). Types of Computer Animation =========================== 2-D --- Most computer animation takes place in the 3-D world, as our world is itself basically 3-D, and model interpolation becomes a problem in fewer dimensions, due to a lack of context. 2-D animation packages mostly replicate the processes of cel-based animation, where "key-frames" are used to plot the course of the animation, and the "inbetweens" (interpolating the keys) are filled in later (by an animator, not the computer). The main difference is that the images are created using pixel-based, rather than oil-based techniques. "Morphing" is probably the major 2-D animation technique in use today. Like most other computer work used for SFX in film (wire-removal, compositing, other retouching, etc), it is largely a matter of image manipulation (image processing) rather than image creation (computer graphics), although morphing *is* an animated technique, unlike many other SFX `graphics' techniques. A good starter on morphing by Valerie Hall (1992) is at URL: ftp://marsh.cs.curtin.edu.au/pub/graphics/bibliography/Morph/morph_intro.ps.Z It references more detailed works for those interested, and she's also written a morphing article in DDJ (1993). 3-D --- Almost all `computer animation' done today is done within the "event-based" or, interchangeably, "track-based" computer animation paradigm, which is based loosely on the key-framing system used in cel-based animation. Most computer animation systems today are built around time-varying parameters, known as "tracks", which determine the state of the animation world at any time. Tracks take the place of the variables which determine the state of a static scene: they're `animation variables'. A track's value at a given time depends on the "events" (<time, value> tuples) that define the track's state, and on the interpolation technique being used [see `Interpolation']. Events are conceptually similar to the key-frames of cel-based animation, but allow much more flexibility due to their finer grain (state-variable, rather than world-state). Although tracks may not be independant, they may usefully be treated as such, leading to the "hierarchical animation" technique espoused by Lasseter [see `References'], where the gross motion of a model is animated first, followed by animation of progressively finer detail. The number of tracks that need to be dealt with, and their often compicated interdependencies, make animating anything of reasonable complexity a big job both in terms of time and effort. Hence most of the subsequent research in computer animation. Particle System --------------- A particle system is usually different than a track/keyframe-based animation system, and more like a state machine. They are particularly good for simulating and animating natural phenomena, such as rain, fire, smoke, etc. Particle systems work by defining states and rules of behavior for each particle or group of particles. A particle can usually be anything, from a point to an object. Objects and particles can usually emit other particles, and thus you can go to a new level of complexity that isn't feasible with keyframing. Instead of exploding an object into five large pieces, a particle system makes it simple to blow it up into hundreds or thousands of smaller pieces, without having to define individual motion for each one. The pieces can emit other particles, so they can have smoke trails, etc. Particle systems are also a good way to animate groups of animals such as herds and flocks of birds, by treating each individual member as a particle and defining actions such as "follow the first particle" and having forces that make each particle repel each other at a close distance. Throw in a little randomness and other general rules and you start to get group motion that looks realistic. If you want the group to move thru a specific path, you could just keyframe the "leader" particle, as opposed to keyframing hundreds of individual elements. Inverse Kinematics ------------------ "Kinematics" is the science of movement: position, velocity, acceleration, and their rotational equivalents. "Forward kinematics", used in the context of an articulated structure (something with joints), is determining the positions of the links given the joint angles between them -- ie starting at the `top' of the hierarchy, we work our way along it, applying the relevant transformations, until the end-positions are known -- it's easy for the programmer, and it's the way things are normally done. However, it's quite difficult for an animator who simply wants the hand of a model to be `here', or `there' -- what the animator has to do is adjust each of the joints in the structure in order to arrive at the desired position. "Inverse kinematics" reverses the situation, making things easy for the animator by allowing an end-effector to be dragged wherever desired, but hard for the programmer/computer because the problem is underconstrained (many configurations of the joints may produce the desired end-position, which one is used?) and ill-conditioned (small changes in the end-position can mean large changes in the joints). Rotoscoping ----------- [NOTE: these are two replies to a question specifically asking about the rotoscoping techniques used for the Lightsabers in the "Star Wars" movies and don't go into detail about current digital methods, but the principles are basically the same. From Craig Good (good@pixar.com): Rotoscoping is animating directly to live action footage. One way to do it is to make blowup prints of each frame from a shot and lay the animation cell over the top. It's then a matter of "tracing" or matching your effect to the picture. It's essentially painting the light saber into Luke's hand in every frame. Sometimes the rotoscope animation effect isn't directly seen on the screen. In "Return of the Jedi" it was impossible to use blue screen in the dark, glossy Emperor's throne room, so mattes were hand drawn to hold out the windows where stars and ships would be composited in. Look at it some time and think about tracing all of those "dental tools" and googaws hanging from the ceiling which pass in front of the windows during long tracking shots. I heard that the animator who did that sequence nearly went insane. Another technique which gets called Rotoscope these days is matching a 3D computer graphics element to a live action plate, frame by frame by eye. Generically it refers to just about any kind of animation effect being matched to live action by direct reference to the image in the frame. It has also been used in animated films since very nearly the beginning. Ralph Bakshi relied on it heavily in "Lord of the Rings", and you can find examples of it in Warner Brothers classic cartoons and in many others. It always looks different than free-hand drawn animation, standing out as looking "too smooth" and a little too life-like. It's a cheap way to produce certain kinds of animation, but usually not a very good way. From Hal Hickel (hal@pixar.com): The type of Rotoscoping referred to here is done in the following way: A positive registered print is made from the original negative for the scene that fx animation will be added to. The registered print is loaded into the camera of an animtion stand (often an Oxberry or Mechanical Concepts, or a dedicated roto stand). The camera has been fitted with a light source and prism which make the camera function as a projector, projecting the image from the print down onto the table top of the stand. So basically you've got the equivalent of a really big darkroom enlarger. The camera can be advanced one frame at a time in either direction. The rotoscoper places a cel or piece of punched paper down on the pegs on the table top, and can see the image of the first frame projected onto the paper. He/she can then create artwork that matches exactly to that frame. Then he/she advances the camera one frame and puts down a new cel. When the artwork is complete, the print, prism, and lamp are removed from the camera, it is loaded up with raw stock and the artwork is shot just like any other drawn animation. What that artwork is depends on the effect that is desired and how it will be added to the live action plates. It can be simple black on white (ink on paper) drawings that will be reversed in optical and burned in with diffusion, or it could be back-lit artwork that is colored and diffused right on the animation stand. Of course much of what is described here is the old fashioned way. Interpolation ============= To be done. * 1-d interpolation * 3-d rotation interpolation * euler angles and gimbal lock * quaternions References ========== For general computer graphics references, check out the comp.graphics FAQ. In particular, "Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice" and "Digital Image Warping" both have relevance. For information on animation (computer and general) books, try DeBry (URL: http://www.xmission.com/~grue/animate/index.html) and 3DSite (URL: http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/) A recently started collection of off-the-cuff reviews of animation books is at: URL: http://www.cs.monash.edu.au/~aland/reviews/reviews.index.html Information about a mailing list for animators (of all persuasions) and wannabees is at URL: http://www.xmission.com/~grue/animate/index.html A good place for information and papers on Collision Detection is at URL: http://www.cs.unc.edu/~manocha/collide.html Books (Industry) ---------------- Morrison, Mike, "Becoming a Computer Animator", Prentice-Hall, 1994. covers computer animation history, technology (and how to keep up with it), techniques. with tutorials, interviews with industry luminaries, buyer's guide (s/w and h/w), how to find work, getting an education. a chapter ea. on: television, motion pictures, visualisation, forensic, games. incl. 600Mb CD-ROM of PC & Mac animation and software. "International Directory of Computer Animation Producers", Pixel, 1994. 800+ separate listings of producers in 44 countries. listings include company profiles. also lists animation schools. see Pixel, in `Organizations', below, for ordering info. "The Roncarelli Report on the Computer Animation Industry", Pixel, 1993. market status and strategic analysis for the global computer animation industry. an annual. Shaddock, Philip, "3d Modeling Lab", Waite Group, 1994. includes disk with v2.0 of Imagine (see `Impulse - Imagine'). Books (Computer Animation) -------------------------- Leister, W, M\"uller, H, and St\"o\3er, "Fotorealistische Computeranimation", Springer-Verlag, 1991. ISBN 3-540-53234-X. text in German. introductory text for both artists and computer scientists. covers: animation , modelling, rendering, video, post-production. includes 60-page glossary. [thanks Wolfgang Leister] Vince, John, "3D Computer Animation", Addison-Wesley, 1992. introductory animation theory for programming. Watt, Alan and Watt, Mark "Advanced Animation and Rendering Techniques", Addison-Wesley, 1992. an excellent text, covering important implementation theory and details. Whitney, John, "Digital Harmony". ?. storyboarding. Books (Animation) ----------------- Arijon, Daniel, "The Grammar of the Film Language". ?. storyboarding. Culhane, Shamus, "Animation: from script to screen", St. Martin's Press, 1988. ex-disney animator describes the whole animation process. including production details, setting up a studio, storyboards, character animation, and more. culhane manages to fit a lot into relatively small book. Halas, John, "Visual Scripting". ?. storyboarding. Hoffer, Thomas, "Animation: a reference guide", Greenwood Press, 1993. ? Muybridge, Eadweard, "The Human Figure in Motion", Dover Press. ISBN 0-486-20204-6 Muybride, Eadweard, "Animals in Motion", Dover Press. ISBN 0-486-20203-8 muybridge spent years taking sequences of strobe photos of animal and human movement. the photos are a great help for anyone trying to make something move properly. some more good books for the coffee table Russet, Robert, and Starr, Cecile, "Experimental Animation". ?. storyboarding. Thomas, Frank and Johnston, Ollie "Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life", Abbeville Press, NY, 1981. a look at many of the techniques and approaches used by the Disney studios. occasionally referred to as `The Animation Bible' (due to its size and the value of its contents). the Disney `rules of animation' and many other useful rules-of-thumb are included. lots of pretty piccies make it good for your coffee table, too! NOTE: A reprint this book is currently available, ISBN 0-786860-70-7 ?, "The Cinema as a Graphic Art". ?. storyboarding. Foley, Don and Melora "So you want to be an Animator" and "Animation and 3D Modeling on the Mac". Macintosh-oriented. Excerpts can be found at: URL: http://www.idsonline.com/business/3dfoley/home.html Journals -------- "Cinefex", Cinefex. *The* special-effects industry magazine, with reviews of how the SFX in major films were done. Increasingly, this means computer animation. "Computer Artist". "Computer Graphics", ACM/SIGGRAPH. SIGGRAPH's journal. Proc. SIGGRAPH is published in one issue. some special issues are also of note. "Computer Graphics Forum", Eurographics (EG). Eurographics' journal. Proc. Eurographics is published in one issue. rarely contains anything of note for animation. "Computer Graphics World", CGW. a graphics industry magazine. product reviews, industry news. Web page at URL: http://www.cgw.com/ "The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation", ?. "Pixel -- the computer animation newsletter", Pixel. `inside' news on the computer animation industry. Proc. "Computer Animation", Springer-Verlag / CGS. proceedings of CGS's computer animation conference Proc. "Computer Graphics International", Springer-Verlag / CGS. proceedings of the second-largest graphics conference Proc. "Eurographics", see "Computer Graphics Forum". Proc. "Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation", Eurographics. Proc. "Graphics Interface". proceedings of an important graphics conference. Proc. "SIGGRAPH", Addison-Wesley / ACM Press / ACM/SIGGRAPH, see "Computer Graphics". proceedings of the largest graphics conference "3D Artist", Columbine, Inc. desktop 3d graphics for and by independent artists: tips and tricks, 3d news, reviews, classifieds. Web page at URL: http://www.3dartist.com/ "The Visual Computer", Computer Graphics Society (CGS). a good graphics journal. Web page at URL: http://www-ci.u-aizu.ac.jp/VisualComputer/ An extensive list of computer graphics journals, including ordering and other information is available from Ville Walveranta (vvw@netcom.com). Organizations ------------- ACM/SIGGRAPH -- The ACM Special Interest Group on Graphics. Home page at URL: http://www.siggraph.org/ Computer Graphics Society. Eurographics. Pixel -- the computer animation news people, inc. 109 Vanderhoof Ave, Suite 2, Toronto, ON, Canada M4G 2H7. (416) 424-4657. (Fax) 424-1812. PO Box 1674 5325 Sheridan Drive, Williamsville, NY, USA 14231-1674. Papers ------ Lasseter, John, "Principles of Traditional Animation Applied to 3D Computer Animation" Computer Graphics, July 1987, Proc. SIGGRAPH '87. Lasseter relates the disney principles of animation (see Thomas and Johnston, above) to computer animation, and introduces `hierarchical' animation while he's at it. Course notes from "Animation Tricks" (course offered at SIGGRAPH '94). Lecturers were Chris Wedge, John Lasseter, Jim Blinn, and Ken Perlin. Shoemake, Ken, "Animating Rotation with Quaternion Curves" Computer Graphics, July 1985, Proc. SIGGRAPH '85. an early quaternion paper. there are probably better ones, anyone? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANIMATION SOFTWARE ****************** GWEB (URL: http://www2.cinenet.net/GWEB/) and 3DSite (URL: http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/) both have information on animation software. SGI's WWW site (URL: http://www.sgi.com/) has pointers to applications that run on their machines. The following fields in the product listings have been excised in the posted version for the sake of brevity: Platform, Company, Cost, Notes. A separate post follows with the full software listings. 3-d Package Reviews =================== Reviews of the following six high-end UNIX animation packages are now available by ftp from avalon: ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/misc/six-anim-reviews.gz Originally published in Computer Graphics World Oct-Nov 1993, internet distribution thanks to Chris Williams Jan '94. * Alias Animator (see `Alias - Animator') * ElectroGIG 3DGO (see `ElectroGIG - 3DGO') * Softimage Creative Environment (see `Softimage - Creative Environment') * TDI Explore (see `TDI - Explore') * Vertigo Revolution (see `Vertigo - Revolution') * Wavefront Advanced Visualiser (see `Wavefront - Advanced Visualiser') [note that the reviews are quitee a bit dated... for more current information on each one of these packages, contact the developers and/or ask on the net] 3-D Packages ============ This listing is probably incomplete, due to the fact that new packages are coming out almost every day it seems. Any additions or extra information on currently listed packages will be appreciated. This is an abridged version of the "Animation Software" chapter. Hopefully by next month I'll have it updated with all the current information I have available and split it off into a separate FAQ. If you have any relevant information on any package listed (or not!) here, now's a good time to let me know! Only the resources available for each package is listed in here. As such, I've removed the "Resources" header, so on packages that have none only the name will appear. 3D Choreographer ---------------- Home page at URL: http://www.spadion.com/anicom/ 3D/EYE *TriSpectives* --------------------- Home page at URL: http://www.eye.com/ AERO ---- AERO web page. URL: http://www.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/ipvr/bv/aero/aero.html Available by FTP at URL: ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/AERO/ Alias|Wavefront *PowerAnimator* ------------------------------- The Alias|Wavefront Web site: URL: http://www.aw.sgi.com/ An independent Alias WWW site: (in German?) URL: http://www.uni-wuppertal.de/computer/software/grafik/Alias/, and associated ftp site URL: ftp://ftp.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/graphics/Alias/ The Alias FAQs at: URL: http://www.uni-wuppertal.de/computer/software/grafik/Alias/FAQ/welcome.english.html The `comp.graphics.apps.alias' newsgroup. For a review, see `3-d Package Reviews'. To subscribe to the mailing list: `mailto://listserv@uga.cc.uga.edu//"subscribe alias-l Your_Name"'. Alias|Wavefront *Advanced Visualiser* ------------------------------------- For a review, see `3-d Package Reviews'. The `comp.graphics.apps.wavefront' newsgroup. To subscribe to the mailing list: `mail://listserv@psuvm.cac.psu.edu//"subscribe wavefr-l <yournamehere>"'. There is a 2-way gateway between the mailing list and the newsgroup. A WWW site at URL: http://www.aw.sgi.com/ Alias|Wavefront *Explore* ------------------------- ex TDI *Explore* (see `TDI - Explore') For a review of TDI Explore see `3-d Package Reviews'. The `comp.graphics.apps.wavefront' newsgroup, which is predominantly concerned with the Advanced Visualiser. Autodesk *3D Studio* -------------------- To subscribe to the mailing list: `mailto://majordomo@autodesk.com//"subscribe 3dstudio-L <your-full-email-address> (Your Real Name)"'. `comp.graphics.packages.3dstudio' newsgroup There's an occasional FAQ: `post://comp.graphics.animation/"3DS FAQ"'. You can find objects here: URL: ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/objects/3ds/ And utilities (IPAS plug-ins, etc) here: URL: ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/utils/3ds/ Caligari *TrueSpace* -------------------- ex Octree *Caligari* on the Amiga A home page under construction is at: URL: http://www.netnet.net/users/truespace/ There's a Compuserve forum. The mailing list: send SUBSCRIBE to `truespace-request@cs.uregina.ca' Caligari is `<caligari@aol.com>'. Mike Morrison's `Becoming a Computer Animator' (see `Books (Industry)') includes a CD-ROM with the v2.0 demo version on it. There's a demo version and some other stuff available by FTP here: URL: ftp://ftp.netnet.net/pub/mirrors/truespace/ ComputerEasy *3-D Design Plus* ------------------------------ Digital Creations *DCTV* ------------------------ To subscribe to the mailing list: `mail://DCTV-request@nova.cc.purdue.edu//'. Dragon ------ Get the modeller (SGI binary only) and some models from URL: ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/pickup/forsey/ Some animations using the modeller are here URL: http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/imager/imager.html EAI *Vislab* ------------ WWW page at URL: http://www.eai.com/ (**DOWN**) (still under construction?) ElectricImage ------------- WWW page at URL: http://guppie.cac.psu.edu/EIAS/EIASwelcome.html ElectroGIG *3DGO* ----------------- For a review, see `3-d Package Reviews'. ElectroGIG's WWW page at URL: http://www.gig.nl/1/Online/ Hash *Animation Master* ----------------------- ex Playmation, ex Animation Journeyman (Playmation still sells) For direct help/information email `animmaster@aol.com'. To subscribe to the mailing list: `mail://listserv@netcom.com//"subscribe animaster-l"'. A WWW URL: ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ga/gavingav/Home.html A more current Web page: URL: http://www.hash.com/~hashinc/ FTP some information URL: ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ga/gavingav/Hash_Info Or simply FTP around at URL: ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ga/gavingav/ There's also stuff here URL: http://www.xmission.com/~gastown/animation/index.html Impulse *Imagine* ----------------- To subscribe to the mailing list, send a message to: Listserv@sjuvm.stjohns.edu ...with the following body: SUBSCRIBE IMAGINE [First Name] [Last Name] (Do not include Brackets) Philip Shaddock's `3D Modeling Lab' (see `Books (Computer Animation)') includes a copy of v2.0 on disk. A demo of the current (4.0) version of Imagine is available for downloading from the Web site: URL:http://www.coolfun.com NatPix *Blizzard* ----------------- A WWW site URL: ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/natpix/html/natpix.html Get the demo version by FTP URL: ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/na/natpix/blizdemo.2.9.tar.Z NewTeK *Lightwave 3D* --------------------- A WWW site URL: http://www.newtek.com/ An FTP site at URL: ftp://tomahawk.welch.jhu.edu/pub/LW newsgroup: comp.graphics.apps.lightwave To subscribe to the mailing list: `mail://lightwave-request@bobsbox.rent.com//"subscribe lightwave-l <your-email-address> (<your-real-name>)"'. ObjViewer --------- Get a Macintosh binary over the WWW URL: http://www.hut.fi/~jmunkki/ObjViewer.sea.bin Radiance *Movieola* ------------------- RealSoft *Real 3D* ------------------ Home page at: http://ns1.win.net/~real3d/ There is a demo and other goodies at URL: ftp://uunorth.north.net/pub/realsoft/ Renderize *Live / Visual Reality* --------------------------------- Platform PC Win (Visual Reality), UNIX (Renderize) Company Visual Software Inc 21731 Ventura Blvd., Ste. 310 Woodland Hills, CA 91364 USA Cost about $259 US for the PC version Notes Resources URL: http://www.vissoft.com Compuserve GO VISSOFT Side Effects *PRISMS* --------------------- SoftF/X for Windows ------------------- Web page at URL: http://bytebybyte.com/ Softimage *Creative Environment* -------------------------------- For a review, see `3-d Package Reviews'. There are a number of softimage-related mailing lists at `softimage.co.uk'. These are the lists: `2d, 3d, discussion, eddie, mental, particles, pfx'. To subscribe, mail to the listname with `-request' added to it, with the subject `subscribe'. For example, to subscribe to the `3d' list, use: `mail://3d-request@softimage.co.uk/subscribe/'. There's also a Web site URL: http://delphi.beckman.uiuc.edu/softimage/ Specular *Infini-D* ------------------- Strata *StudioPro* ------------------ Symbolics *S-Products* ---------------------- S-Dynamics, S-Geometry, S-Render, S-Paint, S-Record, S-Colorize, ... TripleI *ARKAttack* ------------------- TurboSilver ----------- Vertigo *Revolution* -------------------- For a review, see `3-d Package Reviews'. Vision Images *Revelation 3d* ----------------------------- Wavefront (see Alias|Wavefront) -------------------------------- 2-d Packages ============ 2-d packages included here are for 2-d animation, and multimedia and video presentation and editing. NOTE: There is reportedly a review/comparison of several 2-D packages in the July 1995 issue of NewMedia magazine. Here's a short list forwarded to me by artsbox@aol.com (thanks!): {good} 3D Choreographer - $149 - (919)967-2890 Animation Paintbox - $199 - (310)981-2771 Animator Pro - $595 - (800)879-4233 Animation Works - $495 - (408)982-0200 {better} Animator Studio - $795 - (800)879-4233 AXA Animation Series - $4,280 - (714)757-1500 Autodesk *Animator Pro* ----------------------- aka Animator Studio (?) AXA --- CAS *Animo* ----------- Contact CAS as `admin@cam-ani-co.uk'. Deluxe Paint ------------ Disney *Animation Studio* ------------------------- Fantavision ----------- Gold Disk *Animation Works* --------------------------- Hanna-Barbera *Animation Workshop* ---------------------------------- Linker ------ Macromedia *Action!* -------------------- MetroLight *Annie* ------------------ MotionWorks *ProMotion* ----------------------- Vision Images *Animator Broadcast* ---------------------------------- Softimage *Toons* ----------------- Morph Packages ============== DMorph ------ Find it by FTP as this URL: ftp://ftp.povray.org/pub/povray/incoming/utilities/dmorf112.zip Elastic Reality *Morph Plus* ---------------------------- SPMorph ------- Order full version from Scott Pultz (scott@eskimo.com). Available by FTP from: URL: ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/scott/spmorf20.zip RMorph ------ Available by FTP from: URL: ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/ibmpc/rmorf/rmorf3.zip WinMorph -------- Available by FTP in `ftp://phoenix.oulu.fi/...' and also on `garbo.uwasa.fi' and `ftp.funic.fi'. Xmorph ------ Available from the X11R6 contrib applications directory. Renderer Front & Back Ends ========================== `3DPATH.ZIP'. Define several control points and the number of frames between the points, and it would generate an animation based on that info by changing the camera position. SIPP rendering library -> PPM frames. [`ppm' toolkit] -> `GIF or something'. [`fbmtofli'] -> FLI animation. Find them all with `archie'. link GIF, TGA, PCX images together to make a FLI or FLC anim: Dave's Targa Animator (DTA), available from: URL: ftp://ftp.povray.org/pub/povray/utilities and on other sites (find one near you with `archie'). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE ABOUT BOX... **************** This chapter is mostly about the FAQ itself. Creating this FAQ ================= The FAQ is written and maintained in HTML as the source format. I use Netscape for previewing it and to generate the ASCII and PostScript versions. To Do ===== If you take use FAQ as a resource list, it will help answer a lot of those Frequently Asked Questions. However, there are a few which I see pop up from time to time which haven't made it to the FAQ yet. I hope to add them (with answers!) under the Miscellaneous Questions section. Some I could use help with: * more info on flocking and behavioral animation * info on onionskinning And these are a few things internal to the FAQ which I hope to do soon: * finish updating the full "Animation Software" chapter and post it as a separate FAQ. * add Subject: lines to allow "rn" navigating thru ^G * Add renderers to the Software chapter (Pixar's prman, BMRT, POV, etc) Resource Specifications ======================= URLs ---- A URL is a Uniform Resource Locator. URLs are an artifact of the World Wide Web (WWW)... for more information on URLs and the Web, check out the WWW FAQ at URL: http://sunsite.unc.edu/boutell/faq/www_faq.html Hopefully in the HTML version of the FAQ, all the real URL's will be marked up as such, while pseudo-URLs (see below) and other bogus ones will not (and should appear as plain text). In the ASCII/PS versions, look for real URL's as: URL: http://anyplace.site/this/file.html ...and fake, incomplete, or pseudo-URL's as: `ftp://noplace.site/not/here.txt' If you find a reference in this document that is incorrect or simply unreachable, please let me know! FTP URLs -------- References to anonymously FTP-able files look like the following. ftp://site/path/document ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/format_specs/iffspecs.lzh ^ftp-site ^path ^document `/pub' at the root of the path is often assumed. Some FTP references given in this document are incomplete, indicating a directory to browse in or whose whole contents are relevant, or some degree of uncertainty (these have a trailing slash ('/'), ellipsis ('...'), or Unix-style wildcards) Many FTP-able files are mirrored on other sites to reduce bandwidth; use `archie' to find a copy near you. Mailing List pseudo-URLs ------------------------ References to mailing lists are pseudo-URLs, and look like the following: mail://address/subject/"body" mail://listserv@netcom.com//"subscribe animaster-l" ^who to mail to ^what to put in the message body Note that the second (subject) field is often blank (as it is in this example), as is the third (message body) field. Acknowledgements ================ The really -BIG- thanks, of course, goes to Angus Montgomery (angus@godzilla.cgl.rmit.edu.au). He's the one who made the FAQ happen, and it's his work I continue to build on. Other thanks go to: Sean Brandenburg Ken Baer Matt Carpenter Mark Crawford Kim Davidson Marc Edgar Luigi Filippin Andy Gough Eric Haines Paul Hertz Jih-Shin Ho Dudley Hunkins Colin Jensen Charles King Ole Villumsen Jean-Marc Krattli Alan Larson Nadine Leenders Wolfgang Leister Jeff Massie Colin Millerchip Akira Mito Mike Morrison Jimmy Ning Mark Podlipec Scott H. Pultz Frank Roussel Wolfram Schwenzer Steve Siegel Harry Sokol Erik Timmerman James Tizard Chris Trimble Chris Williams Rob Zimmelman Craig Good Daniele Colajacomo Hal Hickel ...and countless others who contribute daily to the "signal" portion of comp.graphics.animation. Aloha, -- _____ _ _ | ___/< \/ > F.X. DeJesus /SAIC/ dejesus@vislab.navy.mil - fx@imt.saic.com | __| > < --------------- http://www.ridgecrest.ca.us/fx/ --------------- |_| <_/\_> "Like the man says, there are no problems, only solutions!"