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|00000150| 76 69 6e 67 20 46 41 51 | 20 28 76 2e 37 2e 30 38 |ving FAQ| (v.7.08|
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|00000480| 69 6e 20 29 20 0a 4d 61 | 69 6e 74 61 69 6e 65 72 |in ) .Ma|intainer|
|00000490| 3a 20 45 72 69 63 20 44 | 65 63 6b 65 72 20 3c 65 |: Eric D|ecker <e|
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|000004b0| 70 75 74 69 6e 67 2e 63 | 6f 6d 3e 0a 0a 20 20 20 |puting.c|om>..   |
|000004c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000004d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 | 65 63 2e 46 6f 6f 64 2e |       R|ec.Food.|
|000004e0| 50 72 65 73 65 72 76 69 | 6e 67 20 46 41 51 0a 0a |Preservi|ng FAQ..|
|000004f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 46 52 45 51 55 45 |        |  FREQUE|
|00000500| 4e 54 4c 59 20 41 53 4b | 45 44 20 51 55 45 53 54 |NTLY ASK|ED QUEST|
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|00000800| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 0a 0a |--------|----....|
|00000810| 50 61 72 74 20 32 20 6f | 66 20 36 0a 0a 0a 0a 31 |Part 2 o|f 6....1|
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|00000850| 6e 65 74 20 28 45 72 69 | 63 20 44 65 63 6b 65 72 |net (Eri|c Decker|
|00000860| 29 20 53 75 62 6a 65 63 | 74 3a 20 50 65 61 72 20 |) Subjec|t: Pear |
|00000870| 70 72 65 73 65 72 76 65 | 73 20 57 61 73 68 2e 0a |preserve|s Wash..|
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|00000920| 20 70 65 72 20 63 75 70 | 20 6f 66 20 77 61 74 65 | per cup| of wate|
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|000052d0| 72 20 32 20 6d 69 6e 20 | 75 73 69 6e 67 0a 61 20 |r 2 min |using.a |
|000052e0| 53 74 6f 6d 61 63 68 65 | 72 20 34 30 30 54 68 31 |Stomache|r 400Th1|
|000052f0| 20 28 54 65 6b 6d 61 72 | 29 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 | (Tekmar|). The s|
|00005300| 75 73 70 65 6e 73 69 6f | 6e 20 77 61 73 20 73 65 |uspensio|n was se|
|00005310| 72 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 | 69 6c 75 74 65 64 20 61 |rially d|iluted a|
|00005320| 6e 64 20 31 20 0a 6d 6c | 20 6f 66 20 65 61 63 68 |nd 1 .ml| of each|
|00005330| 20 64 69 6c 75 74 69 6f | 6e 20 77 61 73 20 75 73 | dilutio|n was us|
|00005340| 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 6d | 69 63 72 6f 62 69 61 6c |ed for m|icrobial|
|00005350| 20 61 6e 61 6c 79 73 65 | 73 28 31 2c 32 29 2e 0a | analyse|s(1,2)..|
|00005360| 0a 45 69 67 68 74 20 73 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 20 77 |.Eight s|amples w|
|00005370| 65 72 65 20 63 6f 6c 6c | 65 63 74 65 64 20 62 65 |ere coll|ected be|
|00005380| 66 6f 72 65 20 62 61 6b | 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 |fore bak|ing and |
|00005390| 61 6e 61 6c 79 7a 65 64 | 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 |analyzed| for the|
|000053a0| 69 72 0a 6d 69 63 72 6f | 62 69 61 6c 20 71 75 61 |ir.micro|bial qua|
|000053b0| 6c 69 74 79 2e 20 45 69 | 67 68 74 20 73 61 6d 70 |lity. Ei|ght samp|
|000053c0| 6c 65 73 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 63 6f |les were| also co|
|000053d0| 6c 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 65 61 63 |llected |from eac|
|000053e0| 68 20 62 61 6b 69 6e 67 | 0a 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 |h baking|.treatme|
|000053f0| 6e 74 20 66 6f 72 20 6d | 69 63 72 6f 62 69 61 6c |nt for m|icrobial|
|00005400| 20 61 6e 61 6c 79 73 69 | 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 65 | analysi|s. The e|
|00005410| 78 70 65 72 69 6d 65 6e | 74 20 77 61 73 20 72 65 |xperimen|t was re|
|00005420| 70 6c 69 63 61 74 65 64 | 20 74 77 69 63 65 0a 61 |plicated| twice.a|
|00005430| 6e 64 20 61 6c 6c 20 73 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 20 77 |nd all s|amples w|
|00005440| 65 72 65 20 61 6e 61 6c | 79 7a 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |ere anal|yzed in |
|00005450| 64 75 70 6c 69 63 61 74 | 65 73 2e 20 53 61 6d 70 |duplicat|es. Samp|
|00005460| 6c 65 73 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 |les were| either |
|00005470| 0a 75 6e 69 6e 6f 63 75 | 6c 61 74 65 64 20 6f 72 |.uninocu|lated or|
|00005480| 20 69 6e 6f 63 75 6c 61 | 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | inocula|ted with|
|00005490| 20 73 70 6f 72 65 73 20 | 61 74 20 61 20 6c 65 76 | spores |at a lev|
|000054a0| 65 6c 20 6f 66 20 49 30 | 7e 20 43 46 55 2f 67 20 |el of I0|~ CFU/g |
|000054b0| 61 6e 64 20 77 65 72 65 | 0a 74 65 73 74 65 64 20 |and were|.tested |
|000054c0| 66 6f 72 20 74 6f 74 61 | 6c 20 61 65 72 6f 62 69 |for tota|l aerobi|
|000054d0| 63 20 70 6c 61 74 65 20 | 63 6f 75 6e 74 20 28 41 |c plate |count (A|
|000054e0| 50 43 29 20 61 6e 64 20 | 43 2e 20 73 70 6f 72 6f |PC) and |C. sporo|
|000054f0| 20 67 65 6e 65 73 20 50 | 41 20 33 36 37 39 0a 63 | genes P|A 3679.c|
|00005500| 6f 75 6e 74 20 62 65 66 | 6f 72 65 20 61 6e 64 20 |ount bef|ore and |
|00005510| 61 66 74 65 72 20 68 65 | 61 74 20 74 72 65 61 74 |after he|at treat|
|00005520| 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 74 20 | 31 37 37 20 43 20 28 33 |ment at |177 C (3|
|00005530| 35 30 20 46 29 2c 20 31 | 39 31 20 43 20 28 33 37 |50 F), 1|91 C (37|
|00005540| 35 20 46 29 20 0a 61 6e | 64 20 32 30 34 20 43 20 |5 F) .an|d 204 C |
|00005550| 28 34 30 30 20 46 29 2e | 20 41 66 74 65 72 20 62 |(400 F).| After b|
|00005560| 61 6b 69 6e 67 2c 20 6a | 61 72 73 20 77 65 72 65 |aking, j|ars were|
|00005570| 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6f 6c | allowed| to cool|
|00005580| 20 61 74 20 72 6f 6f 6d | 0a 74 65 6d 70 65 72 61 | at room|.tempera|
|00005590| 74 75 72 65 20 66 6f 72 | 20 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c |ture for| several|
|000055a0| 20 68 6f 75 72 73 20 28 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 38 20 | hours (|about 8 |
|000055b0| 68 29 20 62 65 66 6f 72 | 65 20 73 61 6d 70 6c 69 |h) befor|e sampli|
|000055c0| 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 6d | 69 63 72 6f 62 69 61 6c |ng and m|icrobial|
|000055d0| 20 0a 61 6e 61 6c 79 73 | 69 73 2e 20 49 6e 20 74 | .analys|is. In t|
|000055e0| 68 65 20 73 68 65 6c 66 | 2d 6c 69 66 65 20 73 74 |he shelf|-life st|
|000055f0| 75 64 79 20 6f 6e 6c 79 | 20 62 72 65 61 64 20 62 |udy only| bread b|
|00005600| 61 6b 65 64 20 61 74 20 | 31 37 37 20 43 20 77 61 |aked at |177 C wa|
|00005610| 73 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 | 0a 66 6f 72 20 39 30 20 |s stored|.for 90 |
|00005620| 64 61 79 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f |days and| used to|
|00005630| 20 65 76 61 6c 75 61 74 | 65 20 66 6f 72 20 41 50 | evaluat|e for AP|
|00005640| 43 20 61 6e 64 20 43 2e | 20 73 70 6f 72 6f 67 65 |C and C.| sporoge|
|00005650| 6e 65 73 20 50 41 20 33 | 36 37 39 2e 0a 41 65 72 |nes PA 3|679..Aer|
|00005660| 6f 62 69 63 20 6d 69 63 | 72 6f 6f 72 67 61 6e 69 |obic mic|roorgani|
|00005670| 73 6d 73 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 61 6d 70 6c |sms in t|he sampl|
|00005680| 65 20 77 65 72 65 20 63 | 6f 75 6e 74 65 64 20 75 |e were c|ounted u|
|00005690| 73 69 6e 67 20 70 6c 61 | 74 65 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 |sing pla|te count|
|000056a0| 0a 61 67 61 72 20 28 50 | 43 41 29 20 66 6f 72 20 |.agar (P|CA) for |
|000056b0| 41 50 43 20 28 32 29 2e | 20 41 6c 6c 20 61 67 61 |APC (2).| All aga|
|000056c0| 72 20 70 6c 61 74 65 73 | 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c |r plates| as well|
|000056d0| 20 61 73 20 46 44 54 20 | 28 61 20 73 65 6c 66 2d | as FDT |(a self-|
|000056e0| 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 65 | 64 0a 61 6e 61 65 72 6f |containe|d.anaero|
|000056f0| 62 69 63 20 73 79 73 74 | 65 6d 29 20 77 65 72 65 |bic syst|em) were|
|00005700| 20 69 6e 63 75 62 61 74 | 65 64 20 61 65 72 6f 62 | incubat|ed aerob|
|00005710| 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 50 43 41 |ically, |with PCA|
|00005720| 20 70 6c 61 74 65 73 20 | 61 74 20 33 32 20 43 20 | plates |at 32 C |
|00005730| 66 6f 72 0a 34 38 20 68 | 20 28 32 29 20 61 6e 64 |for.48 h| (2) and|
|00005740| 20 46 44 54 20 61 74 20 | 33 37 20 43 20 66 6f 72 | FDT at |37 C for|
|00005750| 20 31 30 20 68 20 6f 72 | 20 6c 6f 6e 67 65 72 20 | 10 h or| longer |
|00005760| 28 31 29 2e 20 0a 0a 52 | 45 53 55 4c 54 53 20 41 |(1). ..R|ESULTS A|
|00005770| 4e 44 20 44 49 53 43 55 | 53 53 49 4f 4e 0a 0a 50 |ND DISCU|SSION..P|
|00005780| 68 79 73 69 63 61 6c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 63 68 65 6d |hysical |and chem|
|00005790| 69 63 61 6c 20 6d 65 61 | 73 75 72 65 6d 65 6e 74 |ical mea|surement|
|000057a0| 73 2e 0a 54 68 65 20 68 | 65 61 74 69 6e 67 20 70 |s..The h|eating p|
|000057b0| 72 6f 66 69 6c 65 20 69 | 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 64 |rofile i|ndicated|
|000057c0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 65 | 6d 70 65 72 61 74 75 72 | that te|mperatur|
|000057d0| 65 73 20 61 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 65 6e 74 65 72 |es at th|e center|
|000057e0| 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 0a 62 72 65 61 64 73 |s of the| .breads|
|000057f0| 20 72 65 61 63 68 65 64 | 20 31 30 36 2c 20 31 30 | reached| 106, 10|
|00005800| 37 20 61 6e 64 20 31 30 | 38 20 43 20 66 6f 72 20 |7 and 10|8 C for |
|00005810| 62 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 74 | 65 6d 70 65 72 61 74 75 |baking t|emperatu|
|00005820| 72 65 20 73 65 74 20 61 | 74 20 31 37 37 2c 0a 31 |re set a|t 177,.1|
|00005830| 39 31 20 61 6e 64 20 32 | 30 34 20 43 2c 20 72 65 |91 and 2|04 C, re|
|00005840| 73 70 65 63 74 69 76 65 | 6c 79 2c 20 61 66 74 65 |spective|ly, afte|
|00005850| 72 20 35 30 20 6d 69 6e | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |r 50 min| in the |
|00005860| 70 72 65 68 65 61 74 65 | 64 20 6f 76 65 6e 20 28 |preheate|d oven (|
|00005870| 54 61 62 6c 65 20 31 29 | 2e 0a 41 6c 74 68 6f 75 |Table 1)|..Althou|
|00005880| 67 68 20 74 65 6d 70 65 | 72 61 74 75 72 65 20 69 |gh tempe|rature i|
|00005890| 6e 63 72 65 61 73 65 64 | 20 61 74 20 61 20 66 61 |ncreased| at a fa|
|000058a0| 73 74 65 72 20 72 61 74 | 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 |ster rat|e for th|
|000058b0| 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 64 | 72 61 73 74 69 63 20 0a |e more d|rastic .|
|000058c0| 62 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 74 | 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 |baking t|reatment|
|000058d0| 73 2c 20 66 69 6e 61 6c | 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 |s, final| interna|
|000058e0| 6c 20 74 65 6d 70 65 72 | 61 74 75 72 65 73 20 77 |l temper|atures w|
|000058f0| 65 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 73 69 67 6e 69 66 69 63 |ere not |signific|
|00005900| 61 6e 74 6c 79 20 0a 64 | 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 |antly .d|ifferent|
|00005910| 20 28 50 3e 30 2e 30 35 | 29 2e 20 56 61 63 75 75 | (P>0.05|). Vacuu|
|00005920| 6d 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6a |m level |in the j|
|00005930| 61 72 73 20 61 76 65 72 | 61 67 65 64 20 32 35 2e |ars aver|aged 25.|
|00005940| 30 20 6d 69 6e 20 6f 66 | 20 48 67 20 66 6f 72 0a |0 min of| Hg for.|
|00005950| 61 6c 6c 20 74 72 65 61 | 74 6d 65 6e 74 73 3b 20 |all trea|tments; |
|00005960| 61 20 72 61 6e 67 65 64 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 30 2e |a ranged| from 0.|
|00005970| 39 35 20 74 6f 20 30 2e | 39 33 20 61 6e 64 20 70 |95 to 0.|93 and p|
|00005980| 48 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 37 | 2e 36 20 74 6f 20 37 2e |H from 7|.6 to 7.|
|00005990| 39 20 28 54 61 62 6c 65 | 20 0a 32 29 2e 20 0a 0a |9 (Table| .2). ..|
|000059a0| 54 41 42 4c 45 20 31 2e | 20 48 65 61 74 69 6e 67 |TABLE 1.| Heating|
|000059b0| 20 70 72 6f 66 69 6c 65 | 20 61 74 20 63 65 6e 74 | profile| at cent|
|000059c0| 65 72 20 6f 66 20 71 75 | 69 63 6b 20 62 72 65 61 |er of qu|ick brea|
|000059d0| 64 73 2a 2e 0a 4f 76 65 | 6e 20 74 65 6d 70 65 72 |ds*..Ove|n temper|
|000059e0| 61 74 75 72 65 2a 2a 20 | 28 30 43 29 09 42 61 74 |ature** |(0C).Bat|
|000059f0| 74 65 72 20 74 65 6d 70 | 65 72 61 74 75 72 65 2a |ter temp|erature*|
|00005a00| 2a 2a 20 28 30 43 29 09 | 42 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 74 |** (0C).|Baking t|
|00005a10| 69 6d 65 20 28 6d 69 6e | 29 09 0a 0a 33 34 09 09 |ime (min|)...34..|
|00005a20| 09 09 09 09 09 09 31 30 | 09 0a 0a 37 30 09 09 09 |......10|...70...|
|00005a30| 09 09 09 09 09 32 30 09 | 0a 31 37 37 09 09 09 09 |.....20.|.177....|
|00005a40| 09 09 09 09 09 39 34 0a | 33 30 09 0a 0a 31 30 36 |.....94.|30...106|
|00005a50| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 34 | 30 09 0a 0a 31 30 36 09 |.......4|0...106.|
|00005a60| 09 09 09 09 09 09 35 30 | 09 0a 0a 34 36 09 09 09 |......50|...46...|
|00005a70| 09 09 09 09 09 31 30 09 | 0a 0a 37 38 09 09 09 09 |.....10.|..78....|
|00005a80| 09 09 09 09 32 30 09 0a | 31 39 31 09 09 09 09 09 |....20..|191.....|
|00005a90| 09 09 09 09 39 36 0a 33 | 30 09 0a 0a 31 30 36 09 |....96.3|0...106.|
|00005aa0| 09 09 09 09 09 09 34 30 | 09 0a 0a 31 30 37 09 09 |......40|...107..|
|00005ab0| 09 09 09 09 09 35 30 09 | 0a 0a 36 35 09 09 09 09 |.....50.|..65....|
|00005ac0| 09 09 09 09 31 30 09 0a | 0a 39 34 09 09 09 09 09 |....10..|.94.....|
|00005ad0| 09 09 09 32 30 09 0a 32 | 30 34 09 09 09 09 09 09 |...20..2|04......|
|00005ae0| 09 09 09 31 30 31 0a 33 | 30 09 0a 0a 31 30 36 09 |...101.3|0...106.|
|00005af0| 09 09 09 09 09 09 34 30 | 09 0a 0a 31 30 38 09 09 |......40|...108..|
|00005b00| 09 09 09 09 09 35 30 09 | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.....50.|.       |
|00005b10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00005b20| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0a | 2a 20 42 72 65 61 64 73 |       .|* Breads|
|00005b30| 20 62 61 6b 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 70 69 6e 74 2d 73 | baked i|n pint-s|
|00005b40| 69 7a 65 2c 20 77 69 64 | 65 2d 6d 6f 75 74 68 20 |ize, wid|e-mouth |
|00005b50| 67 6c 61 73 73 20 6a 61 | 72 73 2e 0a 2a 2a 20 52 |glass ja|rs..** R|
|00005b60| 6f 74 61 72 79 20 74 79 | 70 65 20 48 65 61 72 74 |otary ty|pe Heart|
|00005b70| 68 20 6f 76 65 6e 2c 20 | 70 72 65 68 65 61 74 65 |h oven, |preheate|
|00005b80| 64 20 74 6f 20 64 65 73 | 69 67 6e 61 74 65 64 20 |d to des|ignated |
|00005b90| 74 65 6d 70 65 72 61 74 | 75 72 65 2e 0a 2a 2a 2a |temperat|ure..***|
|00005ba0| 20 41 76 65 72 61 67 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 72 65 | Average| of thre|
|00005bb0| 65 20 72 65 61 64 69 6e | 67 73 2e 0a 0a 0a 0a 54 |e readin|gs.....T|
|00005bc0| 41 42 4c 45 20 32 2e 20 | 70 48 20 61 6e 64 20 61 |ABLE 2. |pH and a|
|00005bd0| 20 6f 66 20 71 75 69 63 | 6b 20 62 72 65 61 64 73 | of quic|k breads|
|00005be0| 2e 0a 4f 76 65 6e 20 74 | 65 6d 70 65 72 61 74 75 |..Oven t|emperatu|
|00005bf0| 72 65 2a 2a 28 09 30 43 | 29 09 70 48 2a 09 09 61 |re**(.0C|).pH*..a|
|00005c00| 20 2a 2a 09 09 42 61 6b | 69 6e 67 20 74 69 6d 65 | **..Bak|ing time|
|00005c10| 0a 28 6d 69 6e 29 09 0a | 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 |.(min)..|........|
|00005c20| 09 37 2e 37 0a 30 2e 39 | 35 09 09 09 33 30 09 0a |.7.7.0.9|5...30..|
|00005c30| 31 37 37 09 09 09 09 09 | 09 09 09 37 2e 39 0a 30 |177.....|...7.9.0|
|00005c40| 2e 39 35 09 09 09 34 30 | 09 0a 20 09 09 09 09 09 |.95...40|.. .....|
|00005c50| 09 09 09 09 37 2e 37 0a | 30 2e 39 35 09 09 09 35 |....7.7.|0.95...5|
|00005c60| 30 09 0a 09 09 09 09 09 | 09 09 09 20 09 37 2e 37 |0.......|... .7.7|
|00005c70| 0a 30 2e 39 34 09 09 09 | 33 30 09 0a 31 39 31 09 |.0.94...|30..191.|
|00005c80| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 37 | 2e 39 0a 30 2e 39 34 09 |.......7|.9.0.94.|
|00005c90| 09 09 34 30 09 0a 09 09 | 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 37 |..40....|.......7|
|00005ca0| 2e 37 0a 30 2e 39 34 09 | 09 09 35 30 09 0a 09 09 |.7.0.94.|..50....|
|00005cb0| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 37 | 2e 38 0a 30 2e 39 34 09 |.......7|.8.0.94.|
|00005cc0| 09 09 33 30 09 0a 32 30 | 34 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 |..30..20|4.......|
|00005cd0| 09 37 2e 37 0a 30 2e 39 | 33 09 09 09 34 30 09 0a |.7.7.0.9|3...40..|
|00005ce0| 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 | 09 37 2e 36 0a 30 2e 39 |........|.7.6.0.9|
|00005cf0| 33 09 09 09 35 30 09 0a | 2a 20 31 30 20 67 20 73 |3...50..|* 10 g s|
|00005d00| 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 6d 69 | 78 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 |ample mi|xed with|
|00005d10| 20 39 30 20 6d 6c 20 6f | 66 20 64 69 73 74 69 6c | 90 ml o|f distil|
|00005d20| 6c 65 64 20 77 61 74 65 | 72 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 |led wate|r and th|
|00005d30| 65 20 70 48 20 72 65 61 | 64 20 75 73 69 6e 67 0a |e pH rea|d using.|
|00005d40| 61 6e 20 41 63 63 75 6d | 65 74 54 4d 20 70 48 20 |an Accum|etTM pH |
|00005d50| 6d 65 74 65 72 2e 0a 2a | 2a 20 53 6d 61 6c 6c 20 |meter..*|* Small |
|00005d60| 63 65 6e 74 65 72 20 70 | 69 65 63 65 20 73 65 63 |center p|iece sec|
|00005d70| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 61 20 62 61 6b 65 64 20 |tion of |a baked |
|00005d80| 62 72 65 61 64 20 72 65 | 61 64 20 69 6e 20 61 6e |bread re|ad in an|
|00005d90| 20 41 71 75 61 4c 61 62 | 2c 20 44 65 63 61 67 6f | AquaLab|, Decago|
|00005da0| 6e 0a 61 7e 20 6d 65 74 | 65 72 2e 0a 0a 0a 4d 69 |n.a~ met|er....Mi|
|00005db0| 63 72 6f 62 69 6f 6c 6f | 67 69 63 61 6c 20 73 74 |crobiolo|gical st|
|00005dc0| 75 64 79 20 62 65 66 6f | 72 65 20 73 74 6f 72 61 |udy befo|re stora|
|00005dd0| 67 65 2e 0a 0a 4d 69 63 | 72 6f 62 69 61 6c 20 71 |ge...Mic|robial q|
|00005de0| 75 61 6c 69 74 79 20 6f | 66 20 73 61 6d 70 6c 65 |uality o|f sample|
|00005df0| 73 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 | 20 62 61 6b 69 6e 67 2e |s before| baking.|
|00005e00| 20 55 6e 69 6e 6f 63 75 | 6c 61 74 65 64 20 61 6e | Uninocu|lated an|
|00005e10| 64 20 69 6e 6f 63 75 6c | 61 74 65 64 0a 73 61 6d |d inocul|ated.sam|
|00005e20| 70 6c 65 73 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 41 50 43 20 20 6f |ples wit|h APC  o|
|00005e30| 66 20 34 2e 30 38 20 61 | 6e 64 20 34 2e 32 34 20 |f 4.08 a|nd 4.24 |
|00005e40| 6c 6f 67 31 30 20 43 46 | 55 2f 67 2c 20 72 65 73 |log10 CF|U/g, res|
|00005e50| 70 65 63 74 69 76 65 6c | 79 2c 20 77 65 72 65 20 |pectivel|y, were |
|00005e60| 6e 6f 74 0a 73 69 67 6e | 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 6c |not.sign|ificantl|
|00005e70| 79 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 | 65 6e 74 20 28 50 3e 30 |y differ|ent (P>0|
|00005e80| 2e 30 35 29 2e 20 20 42 | 65 66 6f 72 65 20 62 61 |.05).  B|efore ba|
|00005e90| 6b 69 6e 67 2c 20 62 6c | 61 63 6b 20 63 6f 6c 6f |king, bl|ack colo|
|00005ea0| 6e 69 65 73 20 77 65 72 | 65 0a 6e 6f 74 20 64 65 |nies wer|e.not de|
|00005eb0| 74 65 63 74 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 75 6e 69 6e 6f 63 |tected i|n uninoc|
|00005ec0| 75 6c 61 74 65 64 20 73 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 2e 20 |ulated s|amples. |
|00005ed0| 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c | 20 62 6c 61 63 6b 20 20 |However,| black  |
|00005ee0| 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 65 73 | 20 77 65 72 65 0a 64 65 |colonies| were.de|
|00005ef0| 74 65 63 74 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 69 6e 6f 63 75 6c |tected i|n inocul|
|00005f00| 61 74 65 64 20 73 61 6d | 70 6c 65 73 2c 20 77 68 |ated sam|ples, wh|
|00005f10| 69 63 68 20 68 61 64 20 | 43 2e 20 73 70 6f 72 6f |ich had |C. sporo|
|00005f20| 67 65 6e 65 73 20 50 41 | 20 33 36 37 39 20 61 74 |genes PA| 3679 at|
|00005f30| 20 0a 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 | 20 6f 66 20 33 2e 32 33 | .level | of 3.23|
|00005f40| 20 6c 6f 67 31 30 20 43 | 46 55 2f 67 2c 20 69 6d | log10 C|FU/g, im|
|00005f50| 6d 65 64 69 61 74 65 6c | 79 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 |mediatel|y after |
|00005f60| 69 6e 6f 63 75 6c 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 2e 20 4d 69 63 |inoculat|ion. Mic|
|00005f70| 72 6f 62 69 61 6c 20 0a | 71 75 61 6c 69 74 79 20 |robial .|quality |
|00005f80| 6f 66 20 73 61 6d 70 6c | 65 73 20 61 66 74 65 72 |of sampl|es after|
|00005f90| 20 62 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 | 61 6e 64 20 62 65 66 6f | baking |and befo|
|00005fa0| 72 65 20 73 74 6f 72 61 | 67 65 2e 20 41 66 74 65 |re stora|ge. Afte|
|00005fb0| 72 20 62 61 6b 69 6e 67 | 2c 0a 75 6e 69 6e 6f 63 |r baking|,.uninoc|
|00005fc0| 75 6c 61 74 65 64 20 61 | 6e 64 20 69 6e 6f 63 75 |ulated a|nd inocu|
|00005fd0| 6c 61 74 65 64 20 73 61 | 6d 70 6c 65 73 20 68 61 |lated sa|mples ha|
|00005fe0| 64 20 41 50 43 20 61 74 | 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 64 65 74 |d APC at| non-det|
|00005ff0| 65 63 74 61 62 6c 65 20 | 6c 65 76 65 6c 73 2e 0a |ectable |levels..|
|00006000| 53 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 6c | 79 2c 20 61 66 74 65 72 |Similarl|y, after|
|00006010| 20 73 74 6f 72 61 67 65 | 20 61 74 20 72 6f 6f 6d | storage| at room|
|00006020| 20 74 65 6d 70 65 72 61 | 74 75 72 65 20 61 6e 64 | tempera|ture and|
|00006030| 20 61 74 20 33 35 20 43 | 20 66 6f 72 20 39 30 20 | at 35 C| for 90 |
|00006040| 64 61 79 73 2c 20 0a 63 | 6f 75 6e 74 73 20 77 65 |days, .c|ounts we|
|00006050| 72 65 20 73 74 69 6c 6c | 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 64 65 74 |re still| non-det|
|00006060| 65 63 74 61 62 6c 65 20 | 62 79 20 6f 75 72 20 6d |ectable |by our m|
|00006070| 65 74 68 6f 64 73 20 28 | 64 61 74 61 20 6e 6f 74 |ethods (|data not|
|00006080| 20 73 68 6f 77 6e 29 2e | 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 0a | shown).| These .|
|00006090| 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 20 | 69 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 |results |indicate|
|000060a0| 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 76 | 65 67 65 74 61 74 69 76 |d that v|egetativ|
|000060b0| 65 20 63 65 6c 6c 73 20 | 6f 66 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 73 |e cells |of non-s|
|000060c0| 70 6f 72 65 66 6f 72 6d | 69 6e 67 0a 6d 69 63 72 |poreform|ing.micr|
|000060d0| 6f 6f 72 67 61 6e 69 73 | 6d 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 |oorganis|ms were |
|000060e0| 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 69 | 72 72 65 76 65 72 73 69 |either i|rreversi|
|000060f0| 62 6c 79 20 69 6e 6a 75 | 72 65 64 20 6f 72 20 74 |bly inju|red or t|
|00006100| 6f 74 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 | 65 73 74 72 6f 79 65 64 |otally d|estroyed|
|00006110| 0a 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 62 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 74 |.by the |baking t|
|00006120| 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 | 73 20 61 70 70 6c 69 65 |reatment|s applie|
|00006130| 64 2e 20 4c 65 76 65 6c | 73 20 6f 66 20 43 2e 20 |d. Level|s of C. |
|00006140| 73 70 6f 72 6f 67 65 6e | 65 73 20 50 41 20 33 36 |sporogen|es PA 36|
|00006150| 37 39 20 69 6e 0a 62 72 | 65 61 64 20 73 61 6d 70 |79 in.br|ead samp|
|00006160| 6c 65 73 20 61 66 74 65 | 72 20 62 61 6b 69 6e 67 |les afte|r baking|
|00006170| 2e 20 49 6e 20 75 6e 69 | 6e 6f 63 75 6c 61 74 65 |. In uni|noculate|
|00006180| 64 20 73 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 73 2c 20 62 6c 61 63 6b |d sample|s, black|
|00006190| 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 65 | 73 20 0a 77 65 72 65 20 | colonie|s .were |
|000061a0| 6e 6f 74 20 64 65 74 65 | 63 74 65 64 20 62 65 66 |not dete|cted bef|
|000061b0| 6f 72 65 20 62 61 6b 69 | 6e 67 2e 20 46 6f 6c 6c |ore baki|ng. Foll|
|000061c0| 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 61 6c | 6c 20 62 61 6b 69 6e 67 |owing al|l baking|
|000061d0| 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 | 6e 74 73 2c 20 6e 6f 20 | treatme|nts, no |
|000061e0| 0a 62 6c 61 63 6b 20 63 | 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 65 73 20 |.black c|olonies |
|000061f0| 77 65 72 65 20 64 65 74 | 65 63 74 65 64 20 69 6e |were det|ected in|
|00006200| 20 61 6e 79 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 75 6e 69 6e | any of |the unin|
|00006210| 6f 63 75 6c 61 74 65 64 | 20 73 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 |oculated| samples|
|00006220| 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 0a | 28 54 61 62 6c 65 20 33 | either.|(Table 3|
|00006230| 29 2c 20 73 75 67 67 65 | 73 74 69 6e 67 20 6e 6f |), sugge|sting no|
|00006240| 20 61 63 74 69 76 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 65 | activat|ion of e|
|00006250| 6e 64 6f 67 65 6e 6f 75 | 73 20 73 70 6f 72 65 73 |ndogenou|s spores|
|00006260| 20 6f 66 20 63 6c 6f 73 | 74 72 69 64 69 61 20 0a | of clos|tridia .|
|00006270| 70 72 69 6f 72 20 74 6f | 20 73 74 6f 72 61 67 65 |prior to| storage|
|00006280| 2e 20 0a 0a 49 6e 20 69 | 6e 6f 63 75 6c 61 74 65 |. ..In i|noculate|
|00006290| 64 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 | 74 73 2c 20 63 6f 75 6e |d produc|ts, coun|
|000062a0| 74 73 20 6f 66 20 43 2e | 20 73 70 6f 72 6f 20 67 |ts of C.| sporo g|
|000062b0| 65 6e 65 73 20 50 41 20 | 33 36 37 39 20 77 65 72 |enes PA |3679 wer|
|000062c0| 65 20 73 69 67 6e 69 66 | 69 63 61 6e 74 6c 79 0a |e signif|icantly.|
|000062d0| 72 65 64 75 63 65 64 20 | 28 70 3e 4f 2e 4f 53 29 |reduced |(p>O.OS)|
|000062e0| 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6c 6c | 20 62 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 | for all| baking |
|000062f0| 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e | 74 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 |treatmen|ts with |
|00006300| 74 68 65 20 65 78 63 65 | 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |the exce|ption of|
|00006310| 20 31 39 31 20 43 20 66 | 6f 72 0a 34 35 20 6d 69 | 191 C f|or.45 mi|
|00006320| 6e 20 28 54 61 62 6c 65 | 20 33 29 2e 20 52 65 64 |n (Table| 3). Red|
|00006330| 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 |uctions |from the|
|00006340| 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c | 20 6c 6f 61 64 20 6f 66 | initial| load of|
|00006350| 20 33 2e 32 33 20 6c 6f | 67 31 30 20 43 46 55 2f | 3.23 lo|g10 CFU/|
|00006360| 67 0a 67 65 6e 65 72 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 72 61 6e 67 |g.genera|lly rang|
|00006370| 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 31 2e 32 34 20 74 6f 20 |ed from |1.24 to |
|00006380| 31 2e 35 32 20 6c 6f 67 | 2c 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 |1.52 log|, with t|
|00006390| 68 65 20 31 37 37 20 43 | 2c 20 35 30 20 6d 69 6e |he 177 C|, 50 min|
|000063a0| 20 74 72 65 61 74 6d 65 | 6e 74 0a 75 6e 65 78 70 | treatme|nt.unexp|
|000063b0| 65 63 74 65 64 6c 79 20 | 72 65 73 75 6c 74 69 6e |ectedly |resultin|
|000063c0| 67 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 6c 6f 77 65 73 74 20 |g in the| lowest |
|000063d0| 63 6f 75 6e 74 20 28 3c | 31 20 6c 6f 67 31 30 43 |count (<|1 log10C|
|000063e0| 46 55 66 67 29 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 72 65 64 75 63 |FUfg). T|he reduc|
|000063f0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a 69 6e | 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 73 20 |tions.in| levels |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+