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- From: eubasics@allmansland.com
- Newsgroups: talk.politics.european-union,eunet.politics,alt.politics.ec,alt.answers,talk.answers,news.answers
- Subject: European Union Basics (FAQ), Part4/8
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- Summary: This file is part of an eight-part posting containing basic
- information about the European Union and other related or unrelated
- European political organisations. It is hoped to serve both as background
- information for those wishing to discuss European politics on the
- talk.politics.european-union newsgroup, and as a general reference for
- anyone concerned with politics in Europe.
- Originator: faqserv@penguin-lust.MIT.EDU
- Date: 14 May 2004 09:07:05 GMT
- Lines: 246
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- Archive-name: european-union/basics/part4
- Posting-Frequency: once every three weeks
- URL: http://eubasics.allmansland.com/commission.html
-
- + NB READERS OF THIS TEXT VERSION:
- + The original and most recent version of this file is always available
- + on the world-wide web. If you have Web access, please consider viewing
- + it there at the URL mentioned above.
-
- EU Basics FAQ: The European Commission
- [QUESTIONSABOUTEU]
-
- General information
-
- The European Commission is the body with the formal and exclusive power to
- initiate all EU legislation, and which is supposed to represent the interest
- of the Union as a whole, both in the political processes within the EU as in
- negotiations with the outside world. This means that it must take no
- instruction from any of the member states' governments; it is accountable
- only to the European Parliament (as well as, as any EU institution, to the
- European Court). Also, it is the main body with a duty to look after correct
- implementation of the treaties and subsequent legislation.
-
- The Commission's members are nominated by their national governments and
- must be acceptable to all the government leaders of the member states. Small
- member states each have one Commissioner, while the larger ones (Germany,
- France, Italy, UK, Spain) each have two. That makes a total of 20
- Commissioners now.
-
- Generally, every Commission is more or less balanced in party affiliation
- (Britain always appoints a Tory and a Labour candidate, and the Benelux
- countries used to see to it that one of their Commissioners was a
- Socialist, one a Christian-Democrat and one a Liberal. This is, in fact, no
- longer the case (at present, for instance, there are two Christian-Democrats
- and one Socialist for the Benelux countries. In the previous Commission,
- this was the same, though with partly different members).
-
- The Directorates-General of the Commission
-
- The Commission is a big organisation, whose tasks have been divided in
- different departments or Directorates-General on the one hand, and some
- supporting services on the other hand.
-
- DG I External Economic Relations
-
- DG IA External Political Relations
-
- DG II Economic and Financial Affairs
-
- DG III Industry
-
- DG IV Competition
-
- DG V Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs
-
- DG VI Agriculture
-
- DG VII Transport
-
- DG VIII Development
-
- DG IX Personnel and Administration
-
- DG X Information, Communication, Culture, Audiovisual
-
- DG XI Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection
-
- DG XII Science, Research and Development
-
- DG XIII Telecommunications, Information Market and
- Exploitation of Research
-
- DG XIV Fisheries
-
- DG XV Internal Market and Financial Services
-
- DG XVI Regional Policies
-
- DG XVII Energy
-
- DG XVIII Credit and Investments
-
- DG XIX Budgets
-
- DG XX Financial Control
-
- DG XXI Customs and Indirect Taxation
-
- DG XXII Education, Training and Youth
-
- DG XXIII Enterprise Policy, Distributive Trades, Tourism and
- Cooperatives
-
- DG XXIV Consumer Policy
-
- Services
-
- Secretariat-General of the Commission
-
- Forward Studies Unit
-
- Joint Research Centre
-
- Inspectorate-General
-
- Legal Service
-
- Spokesman's Service
-
- Joint Interpreting and Conference Service
-
- Statistical Office (EUROSTAT)
-
- Translation Service
-
- Informatics Directorate
-
- Security Office
-
- European Community Humanitarian Office
-
- Euratom Supply Agency
-
- Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
-
- Enlargement Task Force (TFE)
-
- It might be worth pointing out that the relationship between the Commission
- Members themselves and the staff of the European Commission is similar to
- that between Government ministers and the permanent civil service, in the
- sense that the former have no security of tenure, and inevitably with a
- different number of Commission Members and DGs their portfolios don't
- necessarily correspond directly to the DG structure.
-
- Who is the President (chairman) of the European Commission?
-
- The function of President (or chair) of the Commission has undoubtedly
- become much more important in the last ten years. This has much to do with
- the personal style of the man who has held the job for the last ten years,
- the French socialist Jacques Delors, and the extension of the EU's powers
- during his presidency. Mr. Delors predecessors were mainly considered top
- civil servants, but the political profile of the function has become much
- stronger.
-
- These are the Commission presidents since the 1967 merger[1]:
-
- 1967-1970 Mr Jean Rey (Liberal, BE)
-
- 1970-1972 Mr Malfatti (Christian Democrat, IT)
-
- 1972 Mr Sicco Mansholt (Socialist, NL)
-
- 1973-1976 Mr Frangois Ortoli (Gaullist, FR)
-
- 1977-1980 Mr Roy Jenkins (Socialist [now LibDem], UK)
-
- 1981-1984 Mr Gaston Thorn (Liberal, LU)
-
- 1985-1994 Mr Jacques Delors (Socialist, FR)
-
- 1995-2000 Mr Jacques Santer (Christian Democrat, LU)
-
- As Richard Corbett[2] writes,
-
- +A new Commission is chosen every five years in the months followin
- g the European parliamentary elections by a two-step procedure. In th
- e first step, the European Council[3] (Heads of Governments of Member
- States) choose a candidate for President of the Commission. This can
- didate must be chosen by consensus, which is sometimes hard to reach.
- The candidate is then presented to the European Parliament which tak
- es a vote on the candidate, by a simple majority of those voting. Thi
- s is formally a consultative vote, though it is hard to imagine a can
- didature proceeding any further should Parliament's vote be negative.
-
-
- In the second phase of the procedure, the Member States agree, afte
- r consulting the President-designate, on the remaining members of the
- Commission. The Commission as a whole then agrees itself on the allo
- cation of portfolios among the members and on its programme, which it
- presents to the European Parliament. The Commission may only take of
- fice if it then obtains a vote of confidence from the European Parlia
- ment (simple majority of those voting). Prior to the vote of confiden
- ce, Parliament organizes public hearings with each of the candidates
- who must appear before the parliamentary committee which corresponds
- to their prospective portfolios.;
-
- The EP approved Mr.Santer by a margin of only 22 votes on July 21st., 1994.
- After the EP organised hearings for all other prospective members of the
- Commission, the new Commission started work at the end of January, 1995.
-
- Where can I find the European Commission on the net?
-
- EMAIL CONNECTIVITY
-
- NOTE: This section contains information that is no longer up-to-dat
- e. It will be updated in the next version of the FAQ
-
- Most people working at the European Commission should now be reachable
- though the Internet at the address <given_name_initial.surname@mhsg.cec.be>.
- The example of <J.Santer@mhsg.cec.be> is purely fictional because this
- address system applies only to the Commission's staff (civil servants),
- rather than the Commissioners (politicians). Indeed, rumour goes that the
- authors of the Bangemann Report (on the information society) used faxes (not
- e-mail) to exchange drafts and comments ;-)
-
- Some of the DG's have their own Internet domain as well, but their users
- should still be reachable under the scheme described above.
-
- DATABASES AND INFOSYSTEMS
-
- As of March 1995, the European Commission has set up its own general
- WorldWideWeb-server under the name of +Europa;, in addition to some specific
- WWW servers that had already been developed before. It was announced as
- follows:
-
- On 25 February 1995, during the +G7 Conference on the Information S
- ociety;, the European Commission introduced a new on-line database of
- information about the European Union, intended for the general publi
- c and known as +Europa;. The main function of Europa, which can be fo
- und on the World Wide Web with the URL http://www.cec.lu/[4] is to p
- rovide information and guidance in clear everyday language on topics
- of interest to consumers within the single market. However, it also c
- ontains basic information about the European Institutions, and a coll
- ection of some of the more grotesque so-called +euro-myths; put about
- by eurosceptics, explaining how they arose and the reality behind th
- em. Initially, Europa will be available in English only, but the EC p
- lans to provide versions in other EU languages in due course.
-
-
- ___________________________________
-
- Edited by Roland Siebelink & Bart Schelfhout[5]
- corrections and suggestions welcome.
-
- [Go to Table of Contents][6]
-
- *** References from this document ***
- [1] http://eubasics.allmansland.com/general.html#merger
- [2] http://eubasics.allmansland.com/about.html#contr
- [3] http://eubasics.allmansland.com/councils.html#eu-council
- [4] http://www.cec.lu/
- [5] mailto:eubasics@allmansland.com
- [6] http://eubasics.allmansland.com/index.html
-
-
-