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- From: steved@scisoc.org (Steve Deger)
- Subject: rec.pets.dogs: American Water Spaniel Breed-FAQ
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- =======
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- ==========
-
-
- American Water Spaniels
-
- Author
-
-
- Steve Deger, November 1995
-
- Copyright 1995 by Steve Deger
- _all rights reserved
- _
- Special thanks to the following for their contributions:
-
- * Craig Miller, Dick Newton, Chris Wilson, and participants in the
- spanie-l and gundog-l mailing lists.
- * The American Water Spaniel Club, Inc.
- * The American Water Spaniel Field Association, Inc.
- * Cindy Tittle Moore for her assistance in organizing and posting
- this FAQ.
- * Paul Morrison
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Table of Contents
-
- * History
- * The American Water Spaniel Today
- * Characteristics and Temperament
- * Care and Training
- * Frequently Asked Questions
- * Health and Medical Problems
- * Breed Clubs
- * Breed Rescue
- * References
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- History
-
- The American Water Spaniel (or AWS, for short) is one of only a few
- breeds developed in America. Reliable records of the AWS date back to
- 1865. Although the dog's exact place of origin is in dispute, it is
- widely believed to have first appeared along the Wolf and Fox River
- valleys of Wisconsin, and was originally known as the Brown Water
- Spaniel or the American Brown Water Spaniel. It is suspected that the
- Curly Coated Retriever and the Irish Water Spaniel were among its
- ancestors, and perhaps the Field Spaniel, or the extinct Old English
- Water Spaniel as well.
-
- Market hunters along the Mississippi flyway and its northern
- tributaries were said to have made extensive use of the breed. These
- people needed a versatile gun dog that would function well in both the
- marsh and the uplands. The dense, curly coat helped shield the dog
- from the cold waters and punishing weather common to the Upper
- Midwest, and also protected against briars in the woods.
- "Jump-shooting"---a hunting method in which the gunner creeps up to a
- small body of water, startles and shoots the ducks, and then sends his
- dog to retrieve---was also widely practiced along the many rivers and
- "potholes" that dot the landscapes of northern Minnesota and
- Wisconsin. The AWS lent itself to this practice, as its small size and
- all-brown coat allowed it to blend into the autumn foliage while the
- hunter made his silent approach. The dog's love of water also made it
- a favorite among those who tended mink and muskrat traplines.
-
- With the introduction of the larger British retriever breeds to the
- American hunting scene, the little brown spaniel fell from favor.
- Doctor F.J. Pfeifer of New London, Wisconsin, has been credited with
- helping to save the breed. Pfiefer's kennels held up to 132 dogs, and
- he sold as many as 100 puppies annually to hunters as far away as
- Texas. He gave an unconditional guarantee on the dogs, but he claimed
- no buyer ever took advantage of the offer. Pfiefer also formed a breed
- club and helped develop a written standard, which paved the way for
- recognition by the United Kennel Club in 1920, the Field Stud Book in
- 1938, and the American Kennel Club in 1940. Pfiefer's own dog, "Curly
- Pfiefer", was the first registered American Water Spaniel.
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- The American Water Spaniel Today
-
- Despite the early efforts of Dr. Pfiefer and many other enthusiasts,
- the AWS has never regained its pre- World War II popularity. It
- remains a rare breed with only approximately 3,000 in existence at any
- given time. Only about 270 are registered each year with the AKC. All
- specimens derive from a handful of remaining lines -- possibly as few
- as three. The AWS is virtually unknown outside of North America. Even
- in the United States, dogs and breeders remain concentrated mostly in
- the Great Lakes region. The AWS was designated the official state dog
- of Wisconsin in 1986.
-
- The AWS has never been as popular in the show ring as many of its
- sporting relatives. As a result, there has not been a significant
- split in the appearance of field vs. bench lines, and the breed as a
- whole has retained its inherent hunting abilities. The AWS excels over
- most retrievers as an upland flusher, working methodically and well
- within gun range. The dog has a strong "spaniel" nose and good
- scenting abilities. Modern hunters use the dog to find and retrieve a
- variety of upland game, including pheasants, ruffed grouse,
- sharptailed grouse, mourning doves, woodcock, and even squirrels,
- hares, and rabbits.
-
- But it is its role as a skilled, economy-sized, cold-water retriever
- that has helped the breed find a soft spot in the hearts of modern
- waterfowlers. The AWS can be easily hunted from a canoe or skiff
- without upsetting the boat. Despite its small size, the dog is
- tenacious and capable of retrieving birds as large as Canada geese.
- This assertiveness, combined with its protective nature the home, has
- earned it a reputation of being "the Chesapeake among spaniels". Its
- insulating coat makes it more suited to cold water conditions than any
- other spaniel. In June 1992, an AWS became the first of its breed to
- win a hunting title through the North American Hunting Retriever
- Association.
-
- The breed's versatility is reflected in the variety of activities in
- which AWS owners and their dogs participate. In December 1993, an AWS
- became the first of its breed to win the flyball championship title
- FDCH from the North American Flyball Association. Other AWS'
- participate in various activities including obedience competitions,
- search and rescue, and even Schutzhund. In recent years, there has
- been an increased interest in the AWS as a show dog.
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Characteristics and Temperament
-
- The American Water Spaniel is a medium-sized dog with a moderately
- long tail. The average AWS is 17" tall and weighs about 38 lbs. The
- brown coat ranges from liver to dark chocolate, and is curled closely
- like a Curly-coated Retriever's, or in a loose, undulating pattern
- known as a "marcel".
-
- The AWS is intelligent, trainable, and loyal to its master. It is
- generally gentle with animals and children, and makes an ideal family
- pet. The dog is friendly with strangers who have been properly
- introduced. It makes an excellent watchdog, alerting is owners to
- strange noises on the premises. Its relatively small size makes it
- suited to smaller living quarters such as urban homes and even
- apartments. But like most sporting breeds, it deserves a fair amount
- of exercise and socialization for it to be well-adjusted.
-
- The AWS is not as eager-to-please as some of the other spaniel breeds.
- It tends to be a one-person dog. It matures slowly and bores easily.
- It is emotionally sensitive and may become timid or begin
- "fear-biting" if treated with undue harshness. The dog has a tendency
- to bark, but this can be discouraged with proper training. Many AWS'
- "yodel" when excited. Some need ongoing training to curtail their
- natural tendencies for chewing, digging, and jumping. A few are
- territorial and aggressive with strange dogs.
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Care and Training
-
- The AWS should receive formal obedience training. Because it tends to
- be a one-person dog, it often does not respond well to professional
- training unless extensive socialization is undertaken early in life.
- The dog is highly people-oriented and should be raised in the home.
- The dog's temperament, slow rate of maturity, and high-pain tolerance
- can make certain strong-handed training methods ineffective; short,
- daily, ongoing training sessions are the best way to bring out the
- potential of an AWS. Crate training is highly recommended.
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Frequently Asked Questions
-
- _Aren't Water Spaniels those big, curly-haired dogs with rat-like
- tails?_
-
-
- The AWS is sometimes confused with the Irish Water Spaniel---a
- similar, rare breed with a curly topknot on its head, larger
- size, and a thin, "rat" tail.
-
- _Why do they have long tails? Aren't spaniel tails usually docked?_
-
-
- The longer tail is part of the breed standard. It is said to
- function as a rudder in rapidly flowing water.
-
- _So, are they spaniels---or retrievers?_
-
-
- This very question has split AWS fanciers into several
- divergent ideological factions.
-
- In order to compete in AKC-sanctioned hunting tests and trials,
- the AWS must be classified as EITHER a spaniel OR a retriever.
- The AKC looks to the breed's parent club (in this case, the
- American Water Spaniel Club of America) to make the
- classification decision. Wishing to showcase the breed's
- versatility in the marsh as well as the field, the AWSC once
- requested dual classification. Such a classification would have
- opened a pandora's box for the AKC---undoubtedly resulting in
- other breed clubs seeking the same status for their dogs. The
- AKC rejected the request. The parent club ultimately chose to
- keep the breed unclassified.
-
- Another group of AWS fanciers---the American Water Spaniel
- Field Association (AWSFA)---was formed in 1993, and is actively
- promoting their preference for spaniel classification.
-
- _If it makes such a good housepet and hunting companion, why isn't it
- more common?_
-
-
- Many feel that the AWS is not as handsome as the comparable
- English Springer Spaniel, and it lacks the Springer's strong
- nose and lively dash. The dog generally isn't as biddable as
- the Labrador and it may have more trouble handling rough surf,
- large waterfowl, long retrieves, etc. Its coat can be a magnet
- for burrs, and requires more maintenance from the upland hunter
- than that of some of the more flat-coated breeds.
-
- The lack of AKC classification may play a role in the dog's
- rarity---the breed certainly isn't a prospect for the avid
- field trialer. This lack of exposure, in turn, keeps the AWS
- out of the adoring eyes of many sportsmen and women. Few dogs
- appear in AKC bench competitions, which limits the
- opportunities for pet owners and dog show enthusiasts to become
- familar with the AWS.
-
- _Are there other hunting tests or trials for showcasing the breed's
- talents?_
-
-
- The AWS is eligible to compete in events of the United Kennel
- Club, the North American Hunting Retriever Association, and
- tests conducted by the parent club and the AWSFA. Contact the
- respective organizations for details on tests or test dates.
-
- _Are they healthy?_
-
-
- A lack of popularity (and hence, lack of indiscriminant
- breeding) has helped the AWS escape many of the genetic
- ailments that plague other breeds. Some long-time owners have
- stated that their dogs have never required veterinary care for
- illnesses. A list of other known diseases and disorders appears
- below.
-
- _Do they shed?_
-
-
- Like other retrievers, the AWS has a double coat which protects
- it from the elements. The inner coat is finer and serves as
- insulation. The outer coat is more coarse, repelling water and
- protecting the dog against briars in the uplands. This coat is
- shed in the spring, but comes out easily with moderate
- brushing.
-
- _Do their curly coats require a lot of grooming?_
-
-
- The average AWS coat is actually only about 1/2" inch longer
- than that of the Labrador Retriever. Brief, once a week
- brushing is sufficient to keep it in decent shape. Some owners
- periodically have their dogs trimmed to keep them from looking
- too ratty. Frequent bathing is recommended for those dogs that
- swim regularly, in order to control "wet-dog" odor. Some
- hunters/field trainers keep their dogs clipped short during the
- season so that the coat does not pick up as many burrs. Still
- others rub oil into the coat prior to going afield in order to
- facilitate burr removal.
-
- _Are they hyper?_
-
-
- The breed is generally mild-mannered when given a reasonable
- amount of regular exercise.
-
- _Are they friendly?_
-
-
- Most dogs are friendly, although they are not as known for
- their tail-wagging as some of their retriever cousins.
- Occasionally one may find a snippy or ill-tempered AWS, but
- this is not characteristic of the breed. The AWS temperant
- typically falls somewhere between the ingratiating English
- Springer Spaniel and the more independent Irish Water Spaniel.
-
- _When do they grow up?_
-
-
- Maturation varies from one individual to the next, but it may
- take two years for an AWS to "settle in" to a training program.
- The average AWS will probably take longer to complete its
- training than would a typical Labrador. However, with patient,
- on-going training, the dog is generally capable of attaining a
- level of sophistication comparable to that of similar sporting
- breeds.
-
- _Are they hard to find?_
-
-
- Most dogs and breeders are concentrated in the American
- Midwest, although there are other AWS breeders scattered
- throughout the U.S. in states like California, Nebraska, New
- York, Oregon, and Texas. The dog is virtually unknown outside
- of North America. Finding fully-trained adult dogs for sale is
- nearly impossible. Many AWS breeders run small kennels; you may
- have to wait six months to a year for a litter. And if you are
- looking for a female, you may have to wait even longer---the
- ratio of females to males is only 3:7.
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Health and Medical Problems
-
- For many decades, AWS were "pack-bred" on Midwestern farms, and were
- often left to fend for themselves. This resulted in a certain degree
- of natural selection where only the most hardy survived. Even today,
- the AWS remains a remarkably healthy breed as far as dogs go.
-
- Nevertheless, prospective puppy buyers should deal with only those
- breeders who obtain CERF eye clearances and OFA or PennHip hip
- evaluations on their breeding stock. Although the incidence of
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy and Hip Dysplasia among AWS is believed to
- be low compared to similar breeds, both diseases are debilitating in
- nature. OFA, PennHip, or CERF clearances on your puppy's parents do
- not *guarantee* that your puppy will not inherit the diseases, but
- such testing is currently the best methodology available for reducing
- the overall incidence of these diseases in the general dog population.
-
- The following list of diseases and disorders was obtained by a survey
- of the nation's AWS breeders. Some of these conditions are common
- among all dog breeds (e.g. allergies or hypothyroidism). Others
- obviously occur VERY infrequently (e.g. hermaphroditism). Still
- others, such as alopecia (hair loss), are neither debilitating nor
- life-threatening. For an eye-opening list of the diseases known to
- afflict various dog breeds, see "Successful Dog Breeding: The Complete
- Handbook of Canine Midwifery" by Walkowicz and Wilcox.
-
- _Alopecia_
-
- _Allergies_
-
- _Diabetes_
-
- _Epilepsy_
-
- _Hermaphrodites_
-
- _Hip Dysplasia (HD)_
-
- _Hypothyroidism_
-
- _Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)_
-
- _Retinal Dysplasia-folds_
-
- _Cataracts_
-
- __________________________________________________________
-
- Breed Clubs
-
- _The American Water Spaniel Club of America, Inc._
- _(Formed in 1985. AKC-recognized parent club of the AWS.)_
- Ann Potter, Secretary
- HR 3 Box 224
- Johnson City, TX 78636
- Phone: 1-800-555-AWSC
-
- _The American Water Spaniel Field Association, Inc._
- _(Formed in 1993. Dedicated to AKC Spaniel Classification.)_
- P.O. Box 160
- Union Lake, MI 48387-0160
- Phone: 810-363-0858
-
- __________________________________________________________
-
- Breed Rescue
-
- Both of the breed clubs have placed rescued dogs. Write them
- for more information.
-
- __________________________________________________________
-
- References
-
- American College of Veterinary Opthamologists. "Ocular
- Disorders Proven or Suspected to be Hereditary in Dogs." 1992:
- 32-33.
-
- American Water Spaniel Club of America, Inc. _American Water
- Spaniel Standard_
-
- American Water Spaniel Club of America, Inc. _Breeder's
- Directory._ Anoka: American Water Spaniel Club of America, Inc.
- 1995
-
- American Water Spaniel Field Association, Inc. _American Water
- Spaniel Field Association, Inc. Information Packet_. Union
- Lake: American Water Spaniel Field Association, Inc., 1994.
-
- Bignami, Louis. "American Water Spaniels." _Fur, Fish, & Game_
- Aug. 1990: 40-41.
-
- Collins, Laura. "Meet the American Water Spaniel." _Dog World_
- Apr. 1992: 73-75.
-
- Duffey, Dave. "All American Water Spaniels." _Bird Dog News_
- Nov./Dec. 1992: 30-34.
-
- Fergus, Charles. _Gun Dog Breeds: A Guide to Spaniels,
- Retreivers, and Pointing Dogs._New York: Lyons & Burford, 1992.
-
- Flamholtz, Cathy J._ A Celebration of Rare Breeds, Volume II_
- Fort Payne: OTR Publications, 1991.
-
- Green, Mark. "The American Water Spaniel---Truly Versatile."
- _AWSC Newsletter_ Apr. 1995: Page 3.
-
- Morrison, Paul and Jim Cope. "The Great American Water Spaniel
- Debate." _Bird Dog News_ Sept./Oct. 1995: 33-34.
-
- Morrison, Paul. "It's a First!" [AWS wins flyball championship]
- _The Journal of the AWSFAA_ Feb. 1995: 7+
-
- Spencer, James B. _Hup! Training Flushing Spaniels the American
- Way_. Fairfax: Denlinger Publications, 1992.
-
- Suesens, Lara. Letter to Prospective Puppy Buyers. 1990.
-
- Walkowicz, Chris, and Bonnie Wilcox, DVM. _Successful Dog
- Breeding: The Complete Handbook of Canine Midwifery_. New York:
- Prentice Hall, 1985.
-
- Wolters, Richard A. _Duck Dogs: All About the Retrievers_. New
- York: Dutton, E.P., 1990.
-
- __________________________________________________________
-
-
- American Water Spaniel FAQ
- Steve Deger, steved@scisoc.org
-
-