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- From: cbmfaq-info@mail.jbrain.com (CBM FAQ Information)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm,news.answers,comp.answers
- Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v3.1 Part 1/9
- Supersedes: <cbmmainfaq10398@msen.com>
- Date: 5 Apr 1998 00:00:14 -0800
- Organization: A Red Hat Commercial Linux Site
- Lines: 648
- Sender: brain@alabanza.net
- Approved: news-answers-request@mit.edu (Emily Havens)
- Expires: 05 May 1998
- Message-ID: <cbmmainfaq10498@msen.com>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: 207.25.124.14
- Summary: This posting contains answers to questions that commonly surface in
- comp.sys.cbm. This posting will tell you enough to get your
- computer connected to a network, fixed, and/or enhanced. This file
- should be read by new users of comp.sys.cbm before posting to the
- group. It should also be proofread by users who are currently
- active in comp.sys.cbm.
- Keywords: CBM FAQ Help List C64 C128 VIC Modem
- Errors-To: cbmfaq-errors@mail.jbrain.com (CBM FAQ Errors)
- Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.sys.cbm:86778 news.answers:126981 comp.answers:30753
-
- Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.3.1.p1
- Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part1
- News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part1
- Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part1
- Version: 3.1
- Last-modified: 1996/04/13
-
-
- Disclaimer:
-
- | This file is maintained by Jim Brain (brain@mail.msen.com, j.brain@ieee.org,
- | brain@acm.org). It is composed of information gleaned from articles in the
- | USENET newsgroup comp.sys.cbm, the FidoNET echoes CBM and CBM-128,
- | electronic mail messages, World Wide Web pages, and other mediums. All
- | the authors have either directly or indirectly given their consent to use
- | their work in this FAQ. All of the information in this file has been
- | gathered and checked if possible for errors, but I cannot guarantee the
- | correctness of any statement in this file. If in doubt, please bring up
- | the subject in one of the Commodore forums.
-
- | If you have suggestions, comments, or criticisms, please let Jim Brain
- | know by sending electronic mail to brain@mail.msen.com. If, you find that
- | address no longer available, please try the forwarding accounts
- | j.brain@ieee.org or brain@acm.org. Keep in mind that new questions appear
- | on a daily basis, so there is a finite time between a new question
- | appearing in comp.sys.cbm, and its inclusion in this file.
-
- The latest version of this file may be obtained from the following places:
-
- ftp sites:
- ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/comp.sys.cbm/cbm-main-faq.3.1
- ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/faq/cbm-main-faq.3.1.gz
- ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part*
- ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
- ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
- ftp://bbs.cc.uniud.it/pub/c64/comp.sys.cbm/faq.zip
- ftp://ftp.armory.com/pub/user/spectre/TEXT-ARCHIVE/comp.sys.cbm.faq.3.1.gz
-
- World Wide Web sites:
- http://www.msen.com/~brain/faqhome.html
-
- Bulletin Board Systems:
- | COMMODORE CEE BBS (916) 339-3403, FIDONET address: 1:203/999
- | VGA-Landi, +49-2232-942198 (V34/ISDN) FIDONET address 2:2450/180
- | +49-2232-942199 (V34/ISDN) FIDONET address 2:2450/181
-
- Mailservers:
- mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu. First nine lines of message:
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part1
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part2
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part3
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part4
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part5
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part6
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part7
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part8
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part9
-
- brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain's Mailserver - always has latest copy)
- Subject: MAILSERV
- send /pub/cbm/faq/faq.p*
-
- Mailing List
- To receive any major updates to the FAQ, mail:
- To: brain@mail.msen.com
- Subject: MAILSERV
- Body:
- subscribe cbm-main-faq Firstname Lastname
- quit
-
- See Section 6 for directions on how to use these services to retrieve the
- FAQ.
-
- This file is posted to the groups comp.sys.cbm, news.answers, and
- | comp.answers once every month around the 5th of the month.
-
- _Notes for this release_:
- -----------------------
-
- + Still left to add. Maybe next time....
- rewrite of section 13.8.
- a section devoted to downloading software (maybe)
- changes to section 12.3 to detail hooking up monitors.
-
- I am gathering a list of Commodore reference books together. If you
- have a book, please send me the ISBN, Author, TItle, short description,
- number of pages, whether it has illustrations, and whether it has
- any code samples. Thanks.
-
- -----------------------
-
- Lines preceded with a '|" have been modified since the last version of this
- file was posted. Lines preceded by a '+' have been added since the last
- version was posted.
-
- If readers of this FAQ wish to make changes, please precede formatted lines
- sent to me with a 'C' so that I can see the changes even if you enclose
- header and trailer text to show context.
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- Table of Contents
- -----------------
-
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. What is a FAQ
- 1.2. What topics does this FAQ cover?
- 1.3. Who decides what goes in the FAQ?
- 1.4. How do I retrieve updates to the FAQ?
-
- 2. Overview
- 2.1. Do people still use Commodore 8-bit machines?
- 2.2. How many Commodore machines are there?
- 2.3. What do people do with Commodore 8-bit machines?
- 2.4. What Commodore 8-bit machines are most widely used?
- 2.5. What is the economic status of Commodore?
-
- 3. The BASICs
- 3.1. How do I format a Commodore disk?
- 3.2. How do I transform a BASIC program to a text file?
- 3.3. How do I transform a text file into a BASIC program?
- 3.4. How can I change my drive device number through software?
- 3.5. Can I get my 1581 drive to change its device number on startup?
-
- 4. Publications
- 4.1. What paper publications are available?
- 4.2. What paper publications have disappeared?
- 4.3. What is a Disk Magazine? Where do I find them?
- 4.4. What is an Online Magazine? Where do I find them?
- 4.5. Are there other publications I should be aware of?
- 4.6. How do I know which magazines to subscribe to?
-
- 5. Connecting Up
- 5.1. How do I connect my computer to the outside world?
- 5.2. What services can I use to get online?
- 5.3. What hardware do I need?
- 5.4. What kinds of terminal programs exist?
- 5.4.1. What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 64?
- 5.4.2. What kinds of terminal programs exist for the 128?
- 5.5. Can I use my Commodore computer on Amateur Radio?
- 5.6. Is there TCP/IP software available for Commodore computers?
-
- 6. The Online Information Reservoir
- 6.1. How do I download? What is a transfer protocol?
- 6.2. What is the difference between PETSCII and ASCII?
- 6.3. Where can I find Commodore programs?
- 6.4. What is a file extension, and what do they stand for?
- 6.5. What is electronic mail?
- 6.5.1. What are mailing lists and how do I join one?
- 6.5.2. What is a Mail Server? How do I use one?
- 6.5.3. How do I contact people on Compuserve, Genie, etc.?
- 6.6. What is USENET or NetNews? What is a USENET newsgroup?
- 6.6.1. What news groups cater to Commodore 8-bit machines?
- 6.6.2. What types of discussions belong in comp.sys.cbm?
- 6.6.3. Which issues does comp.sys.cbm discuss regularly?
- 6.6.4. How do I post in comp.sys.cbm?
- 6.6.5. How can I access comp.sys.cbm through email?
- + 6.6.6. How can I read comp.sys.cbm through WWW?
- 6.7. What is a FidoNET echo?
- 6.7.1. What echoes cater to Commodore 8-bit machines?
- 6.7.2. How do I post in an echo?
- 6.8. What is the World Wide Web?
- 6.8.1. What WWW sites have Commodore information?
- 6.8.2. What Sites have Telnet WWW Browsers?
- 6.9. What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
- 6.9.1. What FTP sites have Commodore Information?
- 6.9.2. What is an FTP Mail Server? How do I use one?
- 6.9.3. How do I send files to an FTP site?
- 6.10. What is Internet Relay Chat (IRC)?
- + 6.10.1. How do I access IRC?
- 6.11. What else is available online?
- + 6.12. I See Commercial Software Available Online. Is That OK?
-
- 7. Exchanging Data
- 7.1. How do I exchange data among Commodore 8-bit machines?
- 7.2. How do I exchange data between an IBM(tm) and my Commodore?
- 7.3. How do I exchange data between an Amiga and my Commodore?
- 7.4. How do I exchange data between a Macintosh(tm) and my Commodore?
- 7.5. How do I exchange data between an Atari ST(tm) and my Commodore?
- 7.6. How do I exchange data between a UNIX(tm) machine and my Commodore?
- 7.7. Are there other ways to exchange data between computers?
-
- 8. Operating Systems
- 8.1. What Operating Systems are available?
- 8.2. What is GEOS?
- 8.3. What is UNIX?
- 8.4. What is CP/M
-
- 9. Demonstrations
- 9.1. Just what is a demonstration, or demo?
- 9.2. What does NTSC and PAL mean?
- 9.3. Where do I get demos?
- 9.4. What is a demo competition?
- 9.5 What does FLI, DYCP, etc. mean?
-
- 10. Emulators
- 10.1. What is an emulator?
- 10.2. What platforms do 64 emulators exist on?
- 10.3. What platforms do 128 emulators exist on?
- 10.4. Are any other Commodore computers emulated?
-
- 11. Troubleshooting
- 11.1. What do I do for my ill disk drive?
- 11.2. What do I do for my ill computer?
- 11.2.1. What do I do for my ill Commodore 64?
- 11.2.2. What do I do for my ill Commodore 128?
- 11.3. What do I do for my ill keyboard?
-
- 12. Modifications and Cabling
- 12.1. How can you alter which side a 1571 reads from?
- 12.2. How do I open a C128 power supply?
- 12.3. How do I make a cable to hook my CBM 1902A to my 64 or 128?
- 12.4. How do I build a simple RS-232 interface cable?
- 12.5. How do I build a 2400/9600 bps RS-232 interface cable?
- 12.6. How can I determine how much VDC video memory is in my C128?
- 12.7. How do I build a GEOCable interface?
- + 12.8. How do I connect my Commodore printer to an IBM PC?
-
- 13. Enhancements
- 13.1. How do I increase my disk drive's transfer speed?
- 13.1.1. What is a Fastloader?
- 13.1.2. What is a ROM replacement?
- 13.1.3. What are the disadvantages to using a drive enhancement?
- 13.1.4. What other things can I do to speed up the drive?
- 13.2. How do I expand my disk drive's capacity?
- 13.2.1. What is a Hard Drive? Who sells them?
- 13.2.2. What is 64NET?
- + 13.2.3. What is SERVER64?
- 13.3. How do I expand my computer's RAM capacity?
- 13.3.1. What is a Ram Expansion Unit?
- 13.3.2. What is a geoRAM Unit?
- 13.3.3. What is battery backed GeoRAM (BBGRam)?
- 13.3.4. What is a RAMLink?
- 13.3.5. What is a RAMDrive?
- 13.3.6. How do I expand my C128 Video RAM?
- 13.3.7. How do I expand my C64 internally?
- 13.3.8. How do I expand my C128 internally?
- 13.4. How do I increase my computer's speed?
- 13.4.1. How do I increase my Commodore 64's speed?
- 13.4.2. How do I increase my Commodore 128's speed?
- 13.4.3. Can I speed up other Commodore computers?
- 13.5. How do I increase my computer screen's resolution?
- 13.5.1. How do I increase my Commodore 64's screen resolution?
- 13.5.2. How do I increase my Commodore 128's screen resolution?
- 13.5.3. How do I increase other CBM computers' resolutions?
- 13.6. How do I increase my computer's serial transfer speed?
- 13.7. How do I increase my computer's sound quality?
- 13.8. What other ways can I expand my Commodore computer?
-
- 14. Programming
- 14.1. What Programming Languages are available?
- 14.2. What is a Cross Assembler? How do I use one?
- 14.3 What is an "undocumented opcode"?
-
- 15. User Groups
-
- 16. Sales and Service
- 16.1. Where do I purchase Commodore Equipment and Software?
- 16.2. Where do I get equipment serviced?
- 16.3. How do I know who to buy from or request service from?
-
- 17. Miscellaneous
- 17.1. How fast does a Commodore 64 run?
- 17.2. How can a turn my NTSC-M 64 into a PAL-B 64 or vice versa?
- 17.3. What does this IC number mean?
- + 17.4. What are the differences between C64 ROM Revisions?
-
- 18. Credits
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- Welcome to the comp.sys.cbm "Frequently Asked Questions" (FAQ) file.
- Many news groups maintain a FAQ file which is posted monthly, and
- is a repository for general interest and common information that many
- readers of the news group, or new readers of the news group, might be
- interested in.
-
-
- 1.1. What is a FAQ
-
- FAQ is an acronym that stands for "Frequently Asked Questions". Shortly
- after the introduction of USENET, many people noticed that certain
- questions were repeatedly asked in newsgroups. To minimize the posting of
- answers to already answered questions, USENET developed the idea of FAQ
- files. After a question has been asked a number of times in the USENET
- newsgroup, it is added to the list of answered questions in the FAQ.
- Then, readers are encouraged to read the FAQ to cut down on posts of
- repeated questions.
-
- A FAQ file is not solely for newcomers. Experienced users are encouraged
- to glance over the FAQ every so often to check for errors and add items.
- Also, it seems that everyone gets a question answered by reading the FAQ,
- new user or not.
-
-
- 1.2. What topics does this FAQ cover?
-
- This FAQ answers questions on just about any topic concerning Commodore
- computers. Obviously, given the nature of the FAQ file, it is impossible
- to answer every question here, and some topics are too broad for discussion
- in the FAQ. However, when the FAQ cannot adequately answer a question, it
- does provide pointers to relevant people or materials.
-
- Even though a large number of people use their Commodore computer to
- program, the topic is much too broad for adequate coverage in the FAQ. For
- those interested in programming, however, please see Section 14,
- "Programming".
-
-
- 1.3. Who decides what goes in the FAQ?
-
- Typically, a FAQ file is editted by a single person or small group of
- people. These editors decide what should go into the FAQ. Obviously,
- for the FAQ to fulfill its intended purpose, any question that has been
- asked repeatedly should be included, as should updates to any questions
- already in the FAQ. The FAQ maintainer should try to provide as
- up-to-date information as possible in the FAQ. Above that, the FAQ
- maintainer can include any other information he or she deems or interest
- or value to the readers.
-
- For this FAQ, the FAQ maintainer is Jim Brain, brain@mail.msen.com,
- j.brain@ieee.org, or brain@acm.org.
-
- If you have information that you feel should be included, please mail
- it to Jim. Please be aware that it does take time to include new
- information.
-
-
- 1.4. How do I retrieve updates to the FAQ?
-
- | The FAQ is posted on the 5th of the month to the USENET newsgroup
- | comp.sys.cbm. It is automatically archived on the FTP site
- | rtfm.mit.edu and automatically archived on Jim Brain's mailserver.
- Most Bulletin Board Systems and User Groups have a recent copy of the
- FAQ, and numerous magazines and other publications have included parts
- or all of the FAQ on disk or in print in recent months. This FAQ is
- called the "COMP.SYS.CBM General Frequently Asked Questions List".
-
- The latest version of this file may be obtained from the following places:
-
- ftp sites:
- ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/comp.sys.cbm/cbm-main-faq.3.1
- ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/faq/cbm-main-faq.3.1.gz
- ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part*
- ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
- ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
- ftp://bbs.cc.uniud.it/pub/c64/comp.sys.cbm/faq.zip
- ftp://ftp.armory.com/pub/user/spectre/TEXT-ARCHIVE/comp.sys.cbm.faq.3.1.gz
-
- World Wide Web sites:
- http://www.msen.com/~brain/faqhome.html
- + http://www.jbrain.com/pub/cbm/faq/
-
- Bulletin Board Systems:
- | COMMODORE CEE BBS (916) 339-3403, FIDONET address: 1:203/999
- | VGA-Landi, +49-2232-942198 (V34/ISDN) FIDONET address 2:2450/180
- | +49-2232-942199 (V34/ISDN) FIDONET address 2:2450/181
-
- Mailservers:
- mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu. First nine lines of message:
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part1
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part2
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part3
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part4
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part5
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part6
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part7
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part8
- send /usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part9
-
- brain@mail.msen.com (Jim Brain's Mailserver - always has latest copy)
- Subject: MAILSERV
- send /pub/cbm/faq/faq.p*
-
- Mailing List
- To receive any major updates to the FAQ, mail:
- To: brain@mail.msen.com
- Subject: MAILSERV
- Body:
- subscribe cbm-main-faq Firstname Lastname
- quit
-
- See Section 6 for directions on how to use these services to retrieve the
- FAQ.
-
-
- 2. Overview
-
- Obviously, we must walk before we run, and this principle applies to
- FAQ files as well. Here are some general questions we often receive
- in the Commodore community.
-
-
- 2.1. Do people still use Commodore 8-bit machines?
-
- Yes, people still do. Newer machines may have appeared and taken over the
- corporate world, but the Commodore 8-bit machines live on.
-
-
- 2.2. How many Commodore machines are there?
-
- If you are asking the quantity of Commodore machines sold, the simple truth
- is that we do not know. Commodore never officially released any such
- numbers for all models. It has been estimated that Commodore sold
- | over 17 million Commodore 64 machines, but that has not been proven, as far
- as I know. So, if you ever determine exactly what quantity of each model
- was produced, please pass the information along.
-
- If you are asking the number of different models Commodore sold, we have
- a slightly better idea. Jim Brain has compiled a list of all known CBM
- products, marketed or not, into the "Canonical List of Commodore Products".
- This include all of the Commodore line, including the PCs and the Amiga
- systems. As it is much too large to fit in the FAQ, it can be requested
- | from Jim Brain's mailserver as file cbm-model-list.1.0.txt (See Section
- | 6.5.2 for directions on how to access the mailserver). Alternately, the
- | file is posted to the USENET newsgroup comp.sys.cbm on a periodic basis.
-
-
- 2.3. What do people do with Commodore 8-bit machines?
-
- People use their machines for very different purposes:
-
- Game Console.
- Home Computer.
- Experimentor's machine.
- Small Business Computer.
-
- No matter what purpose they use them for, they use them because there is a
- wealth of programs available for the Commodore computer systems. The
- Commodore line of computers has a seemingly endless supply of quality
- programs available for it, and more are being created daily.
-
-
- 2.4. What Commodore 8-bit machines are most widely used?
-
- Well, it is a fact that all types of Commodore 8-bit computers are still
- in use, but the following machines get the most use:
-
- Commodore 64 (include SX64, DX64, and PET64)
- Commodore 128 (includes 128D and Euro 128D)
-
- The following systems manufactured by Commodore still have a devout
- following:
-
- Commodore VIC-20
- Commodore PET series
- Commodore B series
- Commodore Plus 4 and 16
- Commodore C65
-
- + The Commodore 65 (64DX)
-
- The Commodore 65 is a recent addition and is the result of a liquidation of
- some ALPHA stage test machines. A number of people have purchased these
- test units, and they have a FAQ devoted just to this machine. Much
- information on this machine is available at
- ftp://ccnga.uwaterloo.ca/pub/cbm/c65
- In spite of rumors, No company is considering manufacturing the C65.
-
- | If you own a Commodore C65, the following people are compiling lists of
- people who own them.
-
- Robin Harbon
- 542 West Donald Street.
- Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7E 5Y6
- Canada
-
- + The Commodore PET Series
-
- If you currently use a PET series Commodore computer or just want to know
- more about them, one person is trying to start a magazine devoted to these
- machine. For more information or to submit articles for the magazine,
- please get in touch with:
-
- Mark J. Kingsbury
- 25 Latta
- Battle Creek, MI 49017
- Mark_J_Kingsbury@fc1.glfn.org
-
- + The Commodore VIC-20
-
- + If you own a Commodore VIC-20, the following individual is planning to
- + create a list of owners:
-
- + Jeff's Ink Press & Deli
- + P.O. Box 477493
- + Chicago IL 60647
-
- + The Commodore Ultimax/MAX Machine
-
- + Commodore planned to introduce a game console that shared many features
- + of the Commodore 64. Although never widely released, the Ultimax lives
- + on in the 64. the C64 memory map contains the special "Ultimax Mode"
- + that can be triggered by external cartridges to place the C64 into a
- + configuration equivalent to the one on the MAX Machine.
-
-
- 2.5. What is the economic status of Commodore?
-
- On April 29, 1994, Commodore International announced that it had been unable
- to renegotiate terms of outstanding loans and were closing down the
- business. In the months that followed, the liquidation process dragged on,
- owing to the large far-reaching size of the corporation. In addition, the
- fact that the company was incorporated in the Bahamas while a large share
- of the creditors were from the US made legal proceeding tense and drawn out.
- On April 20th, 1995, almost a full year later, Commodore was sold to
- a German company called ESCOM for approximately 10 to 12.5 million dollars.
- + In early 1996, ESCOM announced plans to sell the Amiga technology to a
- + U.S. company called VISCorp, while retaining the Commodore name. Then, in
- + July 1996, ESCOM announced that its was filing for bankruptcy protection
- + as it undergoes a reorganization process. The intellectual righs for the
- + CBM 8-bit technologare now owned by VISCorp.
-
- Of course, since Commodore hasn't served the Commodore 8-bit community
- for quite some time, most Commodore owners are only interested in what
- will happen to Commodore Semiconductor Group (CSG), the fabricator for
- many of the special ICs in the Commodore 8-bit line. Below is the current
- status of CSG as of April 6, 1995:
-
- Commodore Semiconductor Group liquidated in December, 1994. The vast
- majority of the operational material and the real estate was purchased by
- GMT Electronics, a company formed by CSG's management. GMT has paid the
- $1 million lien that the EPA had levied against CSG, and is now operating
- as a for-hire chip production plant.
-
- CSG/GMT is holding approximately $5 million in Commodore parts.
-
-
- 3. The BASICs
-
- These are some questions we receive about "BASIC", the built-in
- programming language in all 8-bit Commodore computers, and the "basics"
- of using the machine.
-
-
- 3.1. How do I format a Commodore disk?
-
- To format a disk in drive 0 (older PET drives had drive 0 and 1) on disk
- device #8, you issue the following command from BASIC:
-
- open1,8,15,"n0:16char_name,12":close1
-
- | The name can be 16 characters in length, and the disk id (12 in this
- example) can be any two alphanumeric characters.
-
- For more information on how to use the 1541 disk drive or compatibles,
- a complete manual is available at ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/documents.
- (See Section 6.9 for direction on how to use ftp.)
-
-
- 3.2. How do I transform a BASIC program to a text file?
-
- As you may know, Commodore BASIC stores programs in "tokenized" format,
- so they are unreadable from a standard text editor. To fix that, load up
- you BASIC program, and then type the following in direct mode:
-
- open1,8,2,"listing,s,w":cmd1:list
-
- The text listing will be placed on drive 8 in a file called listing. After
- the listing is finished, your cursor should return. Type the following
- in:
-
- print#1:close1
-
- You now have an un-"tokenized" copy of your program, which you can edit with
- any text editor.
-
-
- 3.3. How do I transform a text file into a BASIC program?
-
- Since Commodore BASIC stores its programs in "tokenized" format, one
- cannot simply load text files containing BASIC statements and run the file
- directly. However, there is a solution. In direct mode, type in the
- following:
-
- C64:
- open1,8,2,"filename":poke781,1:poke812,73:sys 65478
-
- C128:
- open1,8,2,"filename":sys 65478,,1
-
- This will read in each line of the text file and try to execute it (or
- store it if the line is preceded by a number). The screen will go blank
- (scroll upwards) while the file is retrieved and will likely end up
- printing an error message, which is normal. When the last line of
- the program is entered, hit RUN/STOP-RESTORE, and type in the following:
-
- close1
-
- The file will now be loaded into memory. Immediately save the file
- to disk as a BASIC program.
-
- If the above sounds too complicated for you, check out the seq-to-basic
- program that is posted to comp.binaries.cbm every month. It will perform
- the translation for you, after you answer a few simple prompts.
-
-
- 3.4. How can I change my drive device number through software?
-
- To change the device number on Commodore drives, follow these steps:
- In the following examples, 'olddn' is the drive's current device number,
- and 'newdn' is the new number you wish to change it to.
-
- 1) Turn off all drives except one you wish to change device number of.
- 2) Type the following in, depending on drive type:
-
- 1540/41/42/4040/Most Compatibles:
- open 15,olddn,15
- print#15,"m-w"chr$(119)chr$(0)chr$(2)chr$(32+newdn)chr$(64+newdn)
- close 15
-
- MSD SD-1 (Old ROM):
- open 15,olddn,15
- print#15,"m-w"chr$(117)chr$(0)chr$(2)chr$(32+newdn)chr$(64+newdn)
- close 15
-
- 1551/70/71/81
- open 15,olddn,15
- print#15,"u0>"+chr$(newdn)
- close 15
-
- 3) Turn back on other drives.
-
- The change is only temporary. It will revert back if the drive is turned
- off.
-
-
- 3.5. Can I get my 1581 drive to change its device number on startup?
-
- When the 1581 is initialized, as well as checking the boot sector of the
- disk, it also looks for a file "copyright cbm 86". This file, if found,
- can specify a device number for the 1581 disk. Whenever the 1581 is booted
- or initialized with this disk inserted, its device number will be changed
- to the specified number. The utility 1581-auto-dev by David W. Tamkin
- (can be found on ccnga.uwaterloo.ca in the utilities directory) will create
- this file. It can also do other stuff, so check it out.
-
-
-
- --
- Jim Brain, Embedded System Designer, Brain Innovations, Inc. (BII) (online sig)
- bii@mail.jbrain.com "Above views DO reflect my employer, since I'm my employer"
- Dabbling in WWW, Embedded Systems, Old CBM computers, and Good Times! -Me-
- BII Home: http://www.jbrain.com CBM Info: http://www.jbrain.com/vicug/
-