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- From: alderson@netcom2.netcom.com (Richard M. Alderson III)
- Newsgroups: humanities.classics,humanities.answers,news.answers
- Subject: Classical Studies (humanities.classics) FAQ
- Followup-To: humanities.classics
- Date: 03 Aug 2000 21:25:20 GMT
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-
- [ Maintainer's note:
- It has been quite a while since I could devote any time at all to the FAQ
- for humanities.classics, ne'e sci.classics. Now that Netcom is going the
- way of all flesh, I am going to step aside as the maintainer, and offer it
- to anyone with the fortitude to take it beyond the 20th Century CE.
-
- Should you think you are interested in taking it on, reply to this posting
- and I will introduce you to the official *.answers FAQ maintainers, without
- whose approval you will not be able to post new and exciting versions of
- the FAQ.
-
- Thank you all for your contributions over the years: The original readers
- of sci.classics, the newer coterie in humanities.classics, and all those
- who stopped by with a request for a translation or an explanation, who very
- often engendered long, erudite discussions of Classical topics. This has
- been one of the best, most on-topic newsgroups in all of Usenet for all of
- its existence.
-
- Richard M. Alderson, III
- 3 August 2000
- ]
-
-
- Changes in this Issue: NONE
-
- This is the list of frequently asked questions (and their answers) for the
- newsgroup humanities.classics. There are bibliographies for novice and
- knowledgable students of the classics, glossaries and compendia of mythological
- characters.
-
- Where possible, pointers to existing information (such as books, magazine
- articles, and ftp sites) are included here, rather than rehashing that
- information again.
-
- If you haven't already done so, now is as good a time as any to read the guide
- to Net etiquette which is posted to news.announce.newusers regularly. You
- should be familiar with acronyms like FAQ, FTP and IMHO, as well as know about
- smileys, followups and when to reply by email to postings.
-
- The FAQ is currently posted to humanities.classics, humanities.answers, and
- news.answers the first of every month. You can retrieve the latest copy of
- this FAQ via anonymous FTP from rtfm.mit.edu as the file
-
- /pub/faqs/classics-faq
-
- Use ASCII mode when transferring.
-
- In origin, this FAQ was written mostly by readers of sci.classics. Credits
- appear at the end. Comments and indications of doubt are enclosed in []s in
- the text. Each section begins with forty dashes ("-") on a line of their own,
- then the section number. This should make searching for a specific section
- easy.
-
- Contributions, comments and changes should be directed to the editorial board,
- via
-
- classics-faq@xkl.com
-
- ----------------------------------------
- List of Answers
-
- 0 What Is Classics?
-
- 1 General Questions
- 1.1 How should I pronounce Greek and Latin?
- 1.2 How should I write Greek and Latin in the newsgroup?
- 1.3 What are the best translations of ...?
- 1.4 Who was ...?
- 1.5 What are the famous classical authors?
- 1.6 How do I translate ...?
- 1.7 On what day did the week start in Roman times?
-
- 2 Bibliographies
- 2.1 Introductory Bibliography
- 2.2 Advanced Bibliography
- 2.3 Specialist Bibliography
- 2.4 Introductory Latin
- 2.4.1 Classical
- 2.4.2 Medieval
- 2.4.3 Specialised
- 2.5 Advanced Latin
- 2.5.1 Mediaeval Latin palaeography
- 2.6 Introductory Greek
- 2.7 Advanced Greek
- 2.8 Linguistics for Classicists
-
- 3 Mythological Deities
- 4 Timeline
- 5 Glossary
- 6 Computer Readable Materials
- 7 Radio Programming
- 8 Bookstores for Classicists
- 9 On-Line Resources for Classicists
- 10 Secondary School Programs in Greek
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 0 What Is Classics?
-
- Good question. As used in academia, "Classics" or "Classical Studies" (with a
- capital C) or the adjective "classical" refer to the discipline described
- below, rather than to good books from any period.
-
- The discipline of Classics is the study of Greek and Roman civilization, from
- Homer to Constantine, but including study of the direct antecedents of Greece
- and Rome in the prehistoric period of southern Europe and their descendants in
- the Middle Ages. This encompasses both the Greek and Latin languages and their
- literature, including poetry, drama, history, philosophy, rhetoric, religion
- and political theory, as well as art, architecture, and archaeology. Further,
- discussion of the relevant cultural milieus brings in Persia, the Middle East,
- Egypt, and early Europe.
-
- Precise chronological boundaries are difficult to establish, but the most
- common feature is the relevance of the period or material to Greek and/or Latin
- texts. An increasing number of classicists are devoting their energies to
- later Latin texts, including neo-Latin (relatively modern) original works, and
- to prehistory or linguistics, especially in archaeology.
-
- Discussions of the prehistory of the Greek and Latin languages are encouraged,
- as well. This requires that some discussion of related languages such as
- Sanskrit and Hittite be allowed. When taught with an emphasis on Greek and
- Latin, this is often called Classical Linguistics.
-
- Note on Dates: All dates in this FAQ are given using BCE and CE rather than
- BC and AD. Michael Covington notes:
-
- Some people take the use of BCE and CE in place of BC and AD as an
- anti-Christian gambit. I don't take it that way; Jesus wasn't born in
- exactly 1 A.D., and saying BCE and CE makes it clear we are using the
- conventional year-numbering rather than counting years from the actual
- birth of Christ.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1 Questions And Answers
-
- Commonly asked questions appear here:
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1.1 How should I pronounce...
-
- 1.1.1 Ancient Greek?
-
- Technical Answer:
-
- Ancient Greek had dialects and regional inflections, so asking how it was
- pronounced is like asking how English is pronounced today. The original
- inhabitants of Greece were not Greek-speakers, but spoke a lost non-Indo-
- European language (traces remain in some place-names).
-
- People who spoke what we call the Greek language migrated into the Balkan
- peninsula during the Aegean bronze age, ~2200BCE.
-
- From about 1200BCE to 850 BCE, there were several migrations of Dorians,
- themselves Greek speakers, into the Peloponese, following the demise of the
- Mycenaean realm.
-
- There were at least five main dialects of Greek spoken during this time: Ionic,
- Aeolic, Arcadian, Doric, and North-West Greek.
-
- Prior to the demise of Mycenae, there seems to have been a North/South split in
- Greek dialects, with Arcado-Cypriot and Attic-Ionic descending from South
- Greek, and Doric and Aeolic from North Greek. This accords better with the
- early inscriptions than the East/West division usually noted in older textbooks
- on the basis of post-Mycenaean data only.
-
- Since the 19th Century, much of the pronunciation of the Attic dialect has been
- well described, based on rigorous principles applied to close readings of the
- descriptions of ancient grammarians. The pronunciation of the consonants has
- been accepted for more than a century; the vowels have been well-known for more
- than 50 years; and with the advances of modern linguistics in such areas as
- accentology we now have a very good idea of how the accent system worked.
-
- Practical Answer:
-
- It depends on who you ask. Most Europeans and Americans use what's called the
- "Erasmian" pronunciation, which is nothing like modern Greek. Native speakers
- of Modern Greek use the Modern Greek pronunciation. Others use less common
- systems.
-
- We will describe two pronunciations, the Erasmian (traditional in most European
- and American schools) and the linguistic. We will assume an educated southern
- American accent in our examples, as well as using the ASCII version of the
- International Phonetic Alphabet (as devised by Evan Kirshenbaum, and available
- at http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Evan_Kirshenbaum/IPA/).
-
- Letter Erasmian Linguistic
- IPA Example IPA Example
- a'lpha a father a father
- be~ta b baker b baker
- ga'mma g girl g girl
- de'lta d dog d dog
- e` psi'lon E get e gait (without the i-offglide)
- ze~ta z zoo zd buzzed
- e~ta e: gate E: head (longer than in "get")
- the~ta T thin th tin (that is, aspirated as in English)
- io'ta i beet i beet
- ka'ppa k scat k scat (that is, unaspirated)
- la'mbda l list l list
- mu~ m mom m mom
- nu~ n not n not
- o` mi'kron O,o caught, o coat (without the u-offglide)
- coat
- ksi~ ks picks ks picks
- pi~ p spat p spat (that is, unaspirated)
- rho' r rock r rock
- si'gma s sat s sat
- tau~ t stack t stack (that is, unaspirated)
- u` psi'lon y cute, u boot
- French du,
- German Pruefung
- phi~ f folly ph perfect (that is, aspirated as in
- English)
- psi~ ps oops ps oops
- khi~ x Scots loch, kh cat (that is, aspirated as in English)
- German Bach
- o~ me'ga o: boat O: law, cawed (long vowel)
-
- The digraphs:
-
- omikron+upsilon u: boot o: boat (without the u-offglide
- epsilon+iota ej bait e: bait (without the i-offglide)
- alpha+iota aj bite aj bite
- long alpha+iota a: <= alpha> a:j bide
- alpha+upsilon au cow au cow
- omikron+iota oj boy oj boy
- eta+iota e: <= eta> E:j stayin' (participle, spoken rapidly)
- omega+iota o: <= omega> O:j sawin' (participle, spoken rapidly)
-
- Other vowel digraphs are pronounced as simple combinations of the vowels.
-
- gamma+kappa/gamma/ksi/khi is Nk/Ng/Nks/Nkh: sinker, finger, sinks, sinking
- (Also possibly in gamma+mu: Nm).
-
- Accents: In the Erasmian system, all three accents (oxeia/acute, bareia/grave,
- and perispomenon/circumflex) are treated as simple stress accents. However, as
- we know from the ancient grammarians, these represented different *pitches*,
- similar to though not identical with the accent system in certain Japanese
- dialects.
-
- If you wish to use a pitch accent in your Greek reading, the following system
- works well:
-
- 1. The acute is a rise of a musical fifth from the base level of the voice,
- according to the grammarians. This is approximately the change in pitch in the
- English inquiring sentence "Yes???"
-
- 2. The grave is either a complete lack of an expected accent, or a lowered rise
- (a musical third). A string of these may be pronounced levelly on the higher
- note of the rise.
-
- 3. The circumflex is usually referred to as a falling pitch contour; the real
- secret is that it consists of a rise of a third followed by a fall to ground in
- the course of a single long vowel or a diphthong. The explanation for this is
- that long vowels, like diphthongs, can be viewed as a sequence of two short
- vowels, with the accent being applied to the first.
-
- 1.1.2 Latin
-
- A Summary of Classical Latin Pronunciation (from Vox Latina)
-
- a short As first a in Italian amare (as vowel of English cup: not as cap)
- a long As second a in Italian amare ( as a in English father)
- ae As in English high
- au As in English how
- b (1) As English b
- (2) Before t or s: as English p
- c As English or (better) French `hard' c, or English k
- ch As c in emphatic pronunciation of English cat
- d As English or French d
- e short As in English pet
- e long As in French gai or German Beet
- ei As in English day
- eu pronounced as a quick slide from e to y (see below).
- f As English f
- g (1) As English `hard' g
- (2) gn: as ngn in English hangnail
- h As English h
- i short As in English dip
- i long As in English deep
- i cons (1) As English y
- (2) Between vowels: = [yy]
- k As English k
- l (1) Before vowels: as l in English lay
- (2) Before consonants and at end of word: as l in English field or hill
- m (1) At the beginning or in middle of word: as English m
- (2) At the end of word (after a vowel): as in French nasalized vowel
- n (1) As n in English net
- (2) Before c, g, qu: as n in anger
- (3) Before fricatives (f, s) somewhat assimilated
- o short As in English (R.P.) pot (not American pot)
- o long As in French beau or German Boot
- oe As in English boy
- p As English or (better) French p
- ph As p in emphatic pronunciation of English pig
- qu As qu in English quick
- r As in Scottish `rolled' r
- s As in English sing or ss in lesson (N.B. never as in English roses)
- t As English or (better) French t
- th As t in emphatic pronunciation of English terrible
- u short As in English put
- u long As in English fool
- u cons As English w
- ui No English equivalent but think of slurring ooi
- x As English x in box
- y As in French u or German u (umlaut)
- z (1) As English z
- (2) Between vowels: = [zz]
- (3) Perhaps in rendering some Greek words: = [zd]
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1.2 How should I write Greek and Latin on the newsgroup?
-
- For long vowels, mark length with a colon ":" following the vowel. This
- applies to both languages.
-
- In Greek, the accents should be represented by ' (acute) ` (grave) ~ (circum-
- flex) following the vowel in question. Since the circumflex can only fall on a
- *long* vowel or a diphthong, the colon marking vowel length can be considered
- optional with the circumflex.
-
- The Greek alphabet should be transcribed as
-
- a b g d e z E: th i k l m n o ks p r s t u ph ps kh O:
-
- with the additional long vowels a: i: u: e: o: (though the latter two may be
- written, as is traditional, ei and ou).
-
- Latin may be written using i and u for both the vowel and the consonant sounds,
- or the doublets i/j and u/v respectively. Many people prefer to use i for
- both, but u/v rather than just u (or v).
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1.3 What are the best translations of ...?
-
- Good question :-)
-
- Translations into English of most of the popular classical authors may be found
- along with great authors of other periods in the Penguin Classics series. Some
- of these, it has been noted, are of greater literary merit than others; that
- may simply be the way of translations, from whatever source.
-
- The Oxford World Classics series also has a large number of good translations
- of classical works, not entirely overlapping the Penguin Classics in coverage.
-
- Many who have studied Greek and Latin since the early 1900s have been grateful
- for the existence of the Loeb series (red covers for Latin, green for Greek) of
- facing-page translations of a number of important, and even better, of entirely
- unimportant, authors. These are published jointly by Harvard and Oxford.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1.4 Who was ... ?
-
- See section 2 for references to bibliographical dictionaries or encyclopaediae.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1.5 What are the famous classical authors?
-
- While a complete list of even important authors cannot be given here, the ones
- below commonly appear on reading lists of graduate departments of Classics.
- The format is:
-
- Author's Name
- dates: (approximate)
- language of composition: (language in which the works were written)
- genre: (quick & dirty encapsulation)
- style: (some elaboration of the above category, with notes on meter,
- dialect)
- diff : (difficulty; of course, highly subjective. Rated from 1-10,
- easiest to hardest :))
- works: (not necessarily complete; fragmentary works excluded)
- fun fact: (sometimes not very much fun and often descending to the
- level of gossip)
-
- Note that both Greek and Latin authors are together in the same list; to
- distinguish between them, check the "language of composition" field.
-
- Aeschylus
- dates: 525-456 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: drama
- style: Classical Attic tragedy
- diff : 8
- works: Persians, Seven Against Thebes, Agamemnon, Libation-Bearers,
- Eumenides, Supplices, Prometheus Bound
- fun fact: Aeschylus was accidentally killed when an eagle dropped a tortoise on
- his bald head, mistaking him for a stone. Definitely an urban legend,
- but one which has existed since classical times.
-
- Apollonius Rhodius
- dates: flourished 3rd century BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: epic
- style: Homeric vocabulary with some bold new similes and anthropological/
- aetiological touches
- diff : 6
- works: Argonautica
- fun fact: feuded with his teacher, Callimachus
-
- Aristophanes
- dates: 457-385 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: drama
- style: Old Comedy
- diff : 9
- works: Acharnians, Knights, Clouds, Wasps, Peace, Birds, Lysistrata,
- Thesmophorizeusae (Female Celebrants of the Thesmophoria festival),
- Frogs, Ecclesiazeusae (Female Legislators), Wealth
- fun fact: Among his favorite targets for satire included the philosopher
- Socrates (in Clouds), the Tragic playwright Euripides (in Frogs), and
- the politician Cleon (in Knights).
-
- Aristotle
- dates: 384-322 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: treatises on philosophy, ethics, natural science, political science,
- literary criticism
- style: Attic prose
- diff : 7
- works: Metaphysics, De Anima, Nichomachean Ethics, History of Animals,
- Physics, Politics, Rhetoric, Poetics [fragmentary]
- fun fact: wrote accounts of the constitutions of 158 Greek states.
-
- Gaius Julius Caesar
- dates: c.100-15 March 44 BCE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: Commentaries (diaries of his military and political career)
- style: concise and objective at first sight; really, a praise for his
- own and his army's work. Refers to himself in the third person.
- diff : 2
- works: De bello gallico (The Gallic Wars), De bello civili (The Civil War)
-
- Callimachus
- dates: 305-240 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: verse (epigram, narrative elegy, satiric iambic, hexameter hymn,
- epyllion [little epic])
- style: learned, allusive
- diff : 7
- works: Epigrams from Greek Anthology, Aetia (Causes), Iambics, Hymns, Hecale
- fun fact: Hecale, an epyllion, gets its name from the elderly woman who
- lets Theseus crash at her house while on his way to slay the bull of
- Marathon.
-
- Catullus
- dates: 87-54 BCE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: verse, elegies
- style:
- diff : 6
- works: Carmina
-
- Marcus Tullius Cicero
- dates: 106-43 BCE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: prose, political and legal oratory, philosophical dialogues and essays
- style: learned, sometimes coy in his letters
- diff: 3
- works: Orations: Catilinariae, Pro Caelio, In Caium Verrem (Against Caius
- Verres), Pro Archia, Pro Domo Sua, Pro Milone. Rhetorical
- essays: De Oratore, Orator, Brutus. Philosophical essays: De re publica,
- De legibus, Tusculanae disputationes, Cato Maior De senectute, Laelius
- de amicitia, De officiis. Letters: Ad Quintum Fratrem, Ad Atticum, Ad
- familiares, Ad Marcum Brutum
- fun fact: The beginning of the First Catalinarian ("Quousque tandem abutere")
- has been used for centuries by printers to show the characteristics of
- fonts, while a laserprinter of the late 1970s used a modified form of a
- page of the Loeb edition of his De Finibus for the same purpose (the
- well-known "lorem ipsum dolor" text).
-
- Demosthenes
- dates: 384-322
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: political and legal oratory
- style: varied, avoids hiatus and successions of short syllables
- diff : 4
- works: For Phormio, Olynthiacs, Philippics, On the Crown
- fun fact: sued his guardians for mismanagement of his inheritance at age 21.
-
- Euripides
- dates: 485-406 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: drama
- style: Classical Attic tragedy
- diff : 7 dialogue 10 choruses
- works: Medea, Hippolytus, Ion, Bacchae, Iphigenia in Tauris, Helen,
- Alcestis, The Suppliant Women, Electra, Hecabe, Heracles, The Women of
- Troy
- fun fact: We have more of Euripides than of any other Attic tragedian because
- we have not only ten plays representing "the best of Euripides" but
- also nine plays which seem to be from the epsilon through kappa volume
- of the complete works of Euripides.
-
- Herodotus
- dates: 484-420 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: prose history
- style: uses Ionian dialect lots of ethnography and anecdotes
- diff : 5
- works: Histories
- fun fact: first surviving prose history in Greek
-
- Hesiod
- dates: flourished 700 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: creation-myth in verse, didactic poetry
- style: epic vocabulary
- diff : 6
- works: Theogony, Works and Days
- fun fact: Works and Days is ostensibly addressed to his MEGA NHPIE (very
- foolish) brother Perses and consists of advice on practical skills
- (farming, sailing, etc).
-
- Homer
- dates: eighth-sixth centuries BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: epic
- style: brief, striking similes, about half each work is dialogue
- diff : 5
- works: Iliad, Odyssey
- fun fact: "Homer" is usually considered scholarly shorthand for an oral-
- formulaic tradition perhaps dating back to the fifteenth century BCE
- that was written down during the above dates.
-
- Horace
- dates: 65-8 BCE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre:
- style:
- diff :
- works: Odes, Carmen Saeculare, Satires, Ars Poetica
-
- Livy
- dates: 59 BCE - 17 CE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: history
- style: language is poetic and expressive, characters easily become heroes,
- influenced by hellenistic historians
- diff : 9
- works: Ab Urbe Condita Libri
- fun fact: Legend has it that a man came all the way from Cadiz just to look at
- him.
-
- Lucretius
- dates: c.99-c55 BCE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: Philosophy and biology
- style: Deep psychological investigation, rich and carefully controlled language
- diff : 8
- works: De Rerum Natura
- fun fact: Poisoned himself with a love potion, wrote the poem in lucid moments
- (maybe lucid), committed suicide (slander of St. Jerome)
-
- Lysias
- dates: 459-380 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: political and legal oratory
- style: smooth, moderate
- diff : 6
- works: Oration 1 (Against Eratosthenes), Oration 32 (Against Diogiton)
- fun fact: Originally from Syracuse, Lysias and his brothers Polemarchus and
- Euthydemus owned a shield-making workshop in the Piraeus.
-
- Menander
- dates: 342-289 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: drama
- style: New Comedy
- diff : 7
- works: The Grouch, She Who Was Shorn, The Samian, Dis Exapaton (The Double
- Deceiver)
- fun fact: Menander was for the most part lost until this century, when
- numerous papyrus fragments of Menander came to light.
-
- Ovid
- dates: 43 BCE - c.17 CE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: poetry
- style:
- diff : 5
- works: Metamorphoses, Tristia, Ars Amatoria
-
- Philostratus
- dates: 170 - 245 CE
- language: Greek
- genre: biography
- style: artificial
- difficulty: 8
- works: Lives of the Sophists, Life of Apollonius of Tyana
- fun fact:
- for further information: http://magna.com.au/~prfbrown/a_tyana0.html
-
- Pindar
- dates: 518-438 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: victory ode
- style: uses a huge variety of meters and myths
- diff : 9
- works: Olympian, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian Odes, all to celebrate
- victories in Greek athletic contests
- fun fact: In Olympian 1, he criticizes earlier poets for spreading lies about
- how the gods ate Pelops' shoulder.
-
- Plato
- dates: 429-347 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: philosophy
- style: idiosyncratic Attic prose
- diff : 3
- works: Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Symposium, Republic (many others)
- fun fact: Early dialogues often show Socrates and an interlocutor wrestling
- with a question which neither answers, but Socrates' achievement is
- getting the interlocutor to admit that he does not know the answer.
-
- Plautus, Titus Maccius
- dates: 250-184 BCE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: comedy
- style: popular and brilliant, basically founded on mistakes, sometimes vulgar.
- Some "archaic" features.
- diff : 8 (He uses colloquial Latin)
- works: Amphitruo, Asinaria (The comedy of the donkeys), Aulularia (The comedy
- of the pot), Captivi (The prisoners), Curculio (The weevil), Casina,
- Cistellaria (Comedy of the box), Epidicus, Bacchides, Mostellaria
- (Comedy of the Ghost), Menaechmi, Miles gloriosus (The blusterer
- soldier), Mercator (the merchant), Pseudolus, Poenulus (The man from
- Carthage), Persa (The persian), Rudens (The rope), Stichus, Trinummus
- (The three coins), Truculentus, Vidularia (The comedy of the case)
-
- Pliny (the Younger)
- dates: 61/62-c.112 CE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: letters
- style: prose
- diff : 4
- works: Letters
- fun fact: One of his letters ("Rides, et licet rideas") is one of the stand-by
- texts in showing fonts in letterpress printing. Adopted and adapted by
- the writers of Framemaker(TM).
-
- Plutarch
- dates: 50-120 CE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: prose (especially biography)
- style: many metaphors
- diff : 2
- works: Lives, Moralia (rhetorical treatises, moral essays, philosophical
- dialogues and treatises, antiquarian works)
- fun fact: For the last thirty years of his life, he was a priest at Delphi.
-
- Propertius
- dates: 1st century BCE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: poetry (elegies)
- style:
- diff :
- works: Elegies (four books)
-
- Seneca (the elder)
- dates:
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: drama, letters
- style:
- diff :
- works: Letter, Medea
-
- Seneca (the younger)
- dates: 55 BCE - 65 CE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre:
- style:
- diff:
- works:
-
- Sophocles
- dates: 496-406 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: drama
- style: Classical Attic tragedy
- diff : 7
- works: Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone, Ajax, Electra,
- Women of Trachis, Philoctetes
- fun fact: According to Aristotle, he introduced to Tragedy the third actor,
- scene-painting, and the fifteen-man (as opposed to the twelve-man)
- chorus.
-
- fun fact II: When he was about 90 years old, his heirs decided they couldn't
- wait for their inheritance any more. So they applied to the court for
- guardianship, explaining that Sophocles was not in his proper mind any
- more and needed someone to take of his finances. At that moment he was
- writing Oedipus at Colonus and in court he just read what he had done
- so far. He didn't get any guardians.
-
- Suetonius
- dates: 69-140 CE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: biography (mostly)
- style:
- diff :
- works: The Twelve Caesars
- fun fact: Had access to the Imperial Archives.
-
- Tacitus
- dates: 56/57 - (not before) 115 CE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: history
- style: very odd!
- diff: 8
- works: Annals, Germania, Agricola, Histories, Dialogus
-
- Terence
- dates: c. 195-159 BCE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: comedy
- style: very deep psychological investigation in his characters, frequent
- monologues; inspired by Menander, he was never loved by his
- contemporaries
- diff : 7
- works: Andria, Hecyra (The mother-in-law), Adelphoe (The brothers), Phormio,
- Heautontimoroumenos (The self-punisher), Eunuchus (The eunuch),
-
- Theocritus
- dates: 300-260 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: bucolic lyric/mime
- style: polished, deceptively simple
- diff : 6
- works: 31 short poems
- fun fact: Poem 11 is a love song sung by the Cyclops Polyphemus to the nymph
- Galatea, who has rejected him.
-
- Thucydides
- dates: 460-400 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: prose history
- style: some poeticisms, elliptical, likes antithesis
- diff : 10 (hardest prose author)
- works: Peloponnesian War
- fun fact: His account of Pericles' funeral oration, a wonderful piece of pro-
- Athenian propaganda, is followed by a harrowing account of the plague
- that struck Athens shortly afterward. He was the first historian to
- dispense with "gods" and "oracles" as machinery of explanation.
-
- Tibullus, Albius
- dates: 54-19 BCE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: elegy
- style: limpid and free of myths. Wrote of life in the country sweetened by love
- diff : 5
- works: Corpus Tibullianum: the first two books are authentic, the third is in
- doubt. He wrote elegies to Delia (First book) and Nemesis (Second book)
-
- Publius Virgilius Maro
- dates: 15th October 70 - 19 BCE
- language of composition: Latin
- genre: idyll, epic
- style: idyll: influenced by Theocritus, writes of shepherds' and peasants' life
- in a celebrating way; epics: he tells the mythical stories of Rome
- celebrating its origin and rulers in a clear and very musical hexameter
- diff : 6
- works: The Aeneid, Georgics, Eclogues/Bucolics
-
- Xenophon
- dates: 428-354 BCE
- language of composition: Greek
- genre: prose (history, philosophy, treatise, etc.)
- style: simple
- diff : 1
- works: Hellenica, Anabasis (March Upcountry), Household Manager
- fun fact: The Anabasis, about the retreat of Greek mercenaries after their
- employer Cyrus, brother to the Persian king Artaxerxes, was deposed
- in a coup, features a wonderful scene in which the Greeks at last reach
- the sea and shout "THALATTA, THALATTA!!!" (The sea, the sea!!!).
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1.6 How do I translate ...?
-
- You can make a post, and maybe it will be answered. You can buy a pocket
- Latin<->English or Greek<->English dictionary, and do it yourself. If you
- have access to a Classics Department, asking them might prove helpful.
-
- Curtis Emerson adds:
-
- Check the Greek & Latin online dictionaries via
- http://www.bucknell.edu/~rbeard/diction.html
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 1.7 On what day did the week start in Roman times?
-
- Quoting from "The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Ephemeris and
- American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac" :
-
- "The week was not originally an integral part of any calendar; in its
- present form, it gradually became established in the Roman calendar during
- the one or two centuries preceding the Christian era. The Mosaic Law
- enjoining abstinence from work on every seventh day had established the
- 7-day period as a Jewish measure of time, and this Jewish week later passed
- into the Christian Church. Meanwhile, shortly before the Christian era, an
- astrological practice had arisen of attaching the names of the seven
- "planets", the term at that time including the Sun and Moon, in cyclic
- succession to successive days, in the order in which the planets were
- supposed to rule the days. The planetary designations of the days rapidly
- acquired widespread popularity, and became the predominant usage throughout
- the Roman Empire. The coincidence in the number of days in this
- astrological cycle with the number of days in the entirely independent
- Jewish week led to the gradual establishment of the planetary week without
- official recognition, either civil or ecclestical."
-
- The same source gives two references:
-
- Gandz, S. "The Origin of the Planetary Week" Proc. Amer. Acad. for Jewish
- Research, vol. 18, 213-254, 1949.
-
- Colson, F.H., "The week" Cambridge University Press, 1926.
-
- Originally each *hour* of the day was governed by a different planet (the
- doctrine of "chronocratories"; cf. "horoscope", "to observe the hours"), and
- whichever planet fell on the first hour could be said to open the day.
-
- The seven planets divide the 24 hours three times with a remainder of three;
- hence, if you cycle through the planetary sequence:
-
- Saturn - Jupiter - Mars - Sun - Venus - Mercury - Moon
-
- By taking every third planet, you will get:
-
- Saturn - Sun - Moon - Mars - Mercury - Jupiter - Venus.
-
- Curtis Emerson adds:
-
- No one knows according to S. Gandz (1949) as cited in _Astronomy Before the
- Telescope_ Vol 1 by Nicholas T. Bobrovnikoff (1984) ISBN 0-88126-201-3
- Pachart Publishing House, Tucson AZ
-
- See pg 25+, 38+ and bibliography for information on the nundinae and
- calendars
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2 Bibliographies
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.1 Introductory Bibliography
-
- If you know nothing about the classics, some recommended books are listed here.
- They assume no knowledge, and will give you a sound grasp in the basics.
-
- %T The Oxford Classical Dictionary
- %A (ed.) H.H. Scullard
- %D 1970
- %Z This gives solid (if unimaginative) articles on all major authors
- %Z and subjects in Greek and Latin, usually with good bibliographies
- %Z as well.
-
- %T L'Annee Philologique
- %Z THE bibliography of the classics -- it's not on computer yet, but
- %Z give them time.
-
- %T The Sound of Greek
- %A W. B. Stanford
-
- %T The Pronunciation and Reading of Ancient Greek: A Practical Guide
- %A Stephen G. Daitz
-
- %T Vox Graeca 3rd ed.
- %A W. Sidney Allen
- %I Cambridge University Press
- %D 1987
-
- %T Vox Latina 2nd ed.
- %A W. Sidney Allen
- %I Cambridge University Press
- %D 1978
-
- %T Pelican history of Greek literature
- %A Peter Levi
- %I Pelican
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.2 Advanced Bibliography
-
- If, having completed a preliminary reading in the subject, you decide you enjoy
- classics, here are books to give you more knowledge.
-
- %A Reynolds, L. D.
- %A Wilson, N. G.
- %T Scribes and Scholars 3rd ed.
- %I Oxford University Press
- %D 1991
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.3 Specialised Bibliography
-
- If you decide you are only interested in a narrow field of classics, here are
- books that will extend your knowledge in one subject.
-
- %T The Legacy of Rome: A New Appraisal
- %A ed. Richard Jenkyns
- %I Oxford University Press
- %D 1992
-
- %T The Legacy of Greece: A New Appraisal
- %A ed. M. I. Finley
- %I Oxford University Press
- %D 1984
- %Z Both these are excellent, and each article has suggestions for
- %Z further reading.
-
- %T L'Annee Philologique
- %A Marouzeau
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.4 Introductory Latin
-
- For the reader with little or no knowledge of Latin.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.4.1 Classical
-
- %A Balme, Maurice.
- %A Morwood, James
- %T Oxford Latin course. (3 vols. + teacher's handbook)
- %I Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press
- %D 1987-1988.
-
- %T Cambridge Latin course. 2nd ed
- %I Cambridge <Cambridgeshire> ; New York: Cambridge University Press
- for the Schools Council,
- %D 1982.
-
- %A Goldman, Norma
- %T Latin via Ovid: a first course.
- %I Detroit: Wayne State University Press
- %D 1977.
-
- %A Griffin, Robin M
- %T A student's Latin grammar.
- %I North American 3rd ed. Cambridge <England> ; New York: Cambridge University Press
- %D 1992.
-
- %A Jenney, Charles.
- %T First year Latin.
- %I Boston: Allyn and Bacon
- %D <1975>
-
- %A Jenney, Charles
- %T Second year Latin. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
- %D <1975>
-
- %A Johnston, Patricia A
- %T Traditio: an introduction to the Latin language and its influence.
- %I New York: Macmillan
- %D c1988.
-
- %A Jones, Peter V
- %T Reading Latin.
- %I Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press
- %D 1986.
-
- %A Knudsvig, Glenn M
- %T Latin for reading: a beginner's textbook with exercises
- %I Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
- %D c1982.
-
- %A Lawall, Gilbert
- %A Tafe, David
- %T Ecce Romani.
- %I White Plains, NY: Longman, Inc.
-
- %A Moreland, Floyd L.
- %A Fleisher, Rita M.
- %T Latin: an intensive course.
- %I <New ed.> Berkeley: University of California Press
- %D c1977.
-
- %A Sinkovich, Kathryn A.
- %T Intermediate college Latin.
- %I Lanham, MD: University Press of America
- %D c1984.
-
- %A Wheelock, Frederic M. (revised by R. La Fleur)
- %T Latin: An Introductory Course Based on Ancient Authors.
- %I 5th Edition. New York: Barnes & Noble
- %D 1995.
-
- %A Lewis, Charlton T.
- %T Elementary Latin Dictionary
- %I Oxford University Press
- %D 1891/1989
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.4.2 Medieval
-
- %A Beeson, Charles Henry
- %T A primer of Mediaeval Latin; an anthology of prose and poetry.
- %I Chicago, Scott, Foresman and Company
- %D <c1925>
-
- %A Collins, John F.
- %T A primer of ecclesiastical Latin.
- %I Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press
- %D c1985.
-
- %A Strecker, Karl
- %T Introduction to medieval Latin.
- %I 5. unveranderte Aufl. Dublin: Weidmann,
- %D <c1968>
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.4.3 Specialised
-
- %A Baranov, A.
- %T Basic Latin for plant taxonomists.
- %I Lehre, J. Cramer,
- %D 1971 <c1968>
-
- %A Gooder, Eileen A.
- %T Latin for local history: an introduction. 2d ed.
- %I London ; New York: Longman,
- %D 1978.
-
- %A Howe, George
- %T Latin for pharmacists.
- %I Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's son & co.
- %D <c1916>
-
- %A Stearn, William T.
- %T Botanical Latin: history, grammar, syntax, terminology, and vocabulary.
- %A 3rd ed., rev. Newton Abbot, Devon ;
- %I North Pomfret, Vt.: David & Charles,
- %D 1983.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.5 Advanced Latin
-
- For the reader with several years study of Latin, or a need for a good
- reference grammar.
-
- %A Hale, W. G.
- %A Buck, Carl Darling
- %T Latin Grammar
- %I Loyola Press, ISBN 0817303502
- %D 1966
-
- %A Allen, J.H.
- %A Greenough, J.B.
- %T Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges
- %I Aristide d Caratzas, ISBN 0892410019
- %D 1975
-
- %A Gildersleeve, Basil L.
- %A Lodge, Gonzalez
- %T Latin Grammar
- %I Nelson/St. Martin's Press
- %D 1992
-
- %A Gildersleeve, Basil L.
- %A Lodge, Gonzalez
- %T Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar
- %I Bolchazy Carducci, ISBN 0865163537
- %D 1997 (to be published)
-
- %A Leumann, Manu
- %T Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre
- %I C.H. Beck
- %D 1953
-
- %A Woodcock, E. C.
- %T A New Latin Syntax
- %I Bristol Classical Press/Bolchazy-Carducci
- %D 1959/1987
-
- %A Adams, J. N.
- %T Latin Sexual Vocabulary
- %I Johns Hopkins
- %D 1982
-
- %A Mountford, Bradley, Arnold
- %T Bradley's Arnold: Latin Prose Composition
- %I Caratzas
- %D 1992
-
-
- 2.5.1 Mediaeval Latin epigraphy
-
- Mediaeval Latin palaeography is a science in itself: i.e. it's more than just
- a scientific tool. The standard introduction is BISCHOFF's *Paldographie des
- rvmischen Altertums und des abendldndischen Mittelalters*, of which there is
- an English translation:
-
- Bernhard Bischoff, *Latin palaeography: antiquity and the middle ages*,
- Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
-
- %A Bischoff, Bernhard
- %T *Latin palaeography: antiquity and the middle ages*
- %I Cambridge University Press
- %D 1990
-
- The standard practical handbook (in many editions -- the following Italian
- one is only an exemple) is
-
- Adriano CAPPELLI, *Lexicon abbreviaturarum: Dizionario di abbreviature latine
- ed italiane*, sesta edizione (anastatica), Milano: Ulrico Hoepli, 1961.
-
- %A Cappelli, Adriano
- %T *Lexicon abbreviaturarum: Dizionario di abbreviature latine ed italiane*
- %I Ulrico Hoepli
- %D 1961
-
- Cappelli's lexicon is supplemented by
-
- Auguste PELZER, *Abriviations latines midiivales. Suppliment au Dizionario
- [...] de Adriano Cappelli*, deuxihme idition, Louvain (Publications
- universitaires) / Paris (Biatrice-Nauwelaerts) 1966.
-
- %A Pelzer, Auguste
- %T Abriviations latines midiivales. Suppliment au Dizionario [...] de Adriano
- Cappelli
- %I Louvain (Publications universitaires) / Paris (Biatrice-Nauwelaerts)
- %D 1966
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.6 Introductory Greek
-
- For the reader with little or no knowledge of Greek.
-
- %A Lawall, Gilbert
- %A Balme, Maurice
- %T Athenaze (2 vols. + 2 teacher's handbooks)
- %I Oxford Univ Press, ISBN 0195056213
- %D 1990
-
- %A Hansen, Hardy
- %A Quinn, Gerald M.
- %T Greek: Intensive Course (2 vols.)
- %I Fordham University Press
- %D 1992
-
- %A Mastronarde, Donald A.
- %T Introduction to Attic Greek
- %I University of California Press
- %D 1993
-
- %A Pharr, Clyde
- %T Homeric Greek: A Book for Beginners
- %I Univ of Oklahoma Press
- %D 1986
-
- %A Schoder, Raymond V. & Horrigan, Vincent C.
- %T A Reading Course in Homeric Greek (Books I & II)
- %I Loyola University Press, ISBN 0-8294-0509-7
- %D 1985.
-
- %A Autenrieth, Georg
- %T Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges
- %I Univ of Oklahoma Press
- %D 1982
-
- %A Cunliffe, Richard J.
- %T Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect
- %I Univ of Oklahoma Press
- %D 1977
-
- %A Monro, David B.
- %T A Grammar of the Homeric Dialect
- %I William H Allen Bookseller
- %D 1993
-
- %A Goodspeed, William B.
- %A Owen, Edgar J.
- %T Homeric Vocabularies: Greek and English Word List for the Study of Homer
- %I Univ of Oklahoma Press
- %D 1979
-
- %A Liddell, Henry George, & Scott, Robert
- %T A Greek-English lexicon
- %I Clarendon Press
- %D 1961
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.7 Advanced Greek
-
- For the reader with several years study of Greek.
-
- %A Schwyzer, Eduard
- %T Griechische Grammatik (4 vols.)
- %I C.H. Beck
- %D 1953
-
- %A Rix, Helmut
- %T Historische Grammatik des Griechischen
- %I Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt
- %D 1976
-
- %A Buck, Carl Darling
- %T The Greek Dialects
- %I University of Chicago Press
- %D 1955
-
- %A Smyth, Herbert Weir
- %T Greek Grammar
- %I Harvard
- %D 1920/1956 (still in print)
-
- %A Woodhouse, S. C.
- %T English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language
- %I Routledge & Kegan Paul
- %D 1910/1985
-
- %A Devine, A. M.
- %A Stephens, Laurence D.
- %T Prosody of Greek Speech
- %I Oxford University Press
- %D 1994
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 2.8 Linguistics for Classicists
-
- %A Buck, Carl Darling
- %T Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin
- %I University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226079317
- %D 1933
-
- %A Sihler, Andrew
- %T New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin
- %I Oxford University Press
- %D 1995
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 3 Mythological Deities
-
- Never been able to sort out Athena from Venus and remaining
- perpetually confused about Mercury's role in life? Look no further.
-
- %A Kravitz, David
- %T Who's who in Greek and Roman mythology.
- %I New York: C. N. Potter: distributed by Crown Publishers,
- %D <1976> c1975.
-
- %A Mercatante, Anthony S.
- %T Who's who in Egyptian mythology.
- %I New York: C. N. Potter: distributed by Crown Publishers,
- %D c1978.
-
- %A Morford, Mark P. O., and Lenardon, R.
- %T Classical mythology. 4th ed.
- %I New York: Longman,
- %D c1991.
-
- %A Powell, B.
- %T Classical myth
- %I Prentice Hall
- %D 1995
-
- %A Reid, J.D.
- %T The Oxford guide to classical mythology in the arts 1300-1990's
- %I Oxford: Oxford University Press (2 vols)
- %D 1993
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 4 Timeline
-
- GREECE: Bronze Age 3000-1100 BCE
- Fall of Troy ~1200
- Archaic Period 1100-480
- Xerxes' invasion 482
- Classical Period 480-323
- Peloponnesian War 466-404
- Alexander dies 323
- Hellenistic Period 323-146
- Roman Period 146 BCE - 565 CE
- Byzantine Period 565 - 1453 CE
-
- ROME: Regal Period 753-510 BCE
- Republic 509-31
- Empire 31 BCE -
- Golden Age 1st century BCE - early 1st century CE
- Silver Age Late 1st Cent CE - 2nd cent CE
- "End" of Empire 476 CE
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 5 Glossary
-
- Providing endless fodder for flamewars, here are some simple definitions of
- terms you will meet in classics.
-
- hapax legomenon (Gk., "said once") - a word or idiom attested (i.e., found in
- the body of known works) only once
-
- crasis (Gk., "mixing") - the blending of two adjacent vowels, as when a final
- vowel merges with the leading vowel of the following word. E.g., "to onoma"
- (Gk., "the name") sometimes becomes "tounoma" (since o + o = ou in Attic).
-
- asper (L., "harsh") - the rough-breathing mark in Greek, indicating (under the
- Erasmian system of pronunciation) a leading "h" sound on a word beginning with
- a vowel. Cf. *lenitus.
-
- lenitus (L., "relaxed") - the soft-breathing mark in Greek, indicating the
- absence of an "h" sound before a leading vowel. Cf. *asper.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 6 Computer Readable Materials
-
- There are several institutions that offer electronic versions of classics works
- and texts. They have varying quality and varying restrictions on their use.
- Those known of are listed here.
-
- Freely redistributable versions of various Latin texts, including all of
- Vergil, Catullus, and Tibullus, and selections from Cicero, Caesar, Horace, and
- others, are available from the Project Libellus archive at the University of
- Washington, Seattle. These can be had, in TeX form, by anonymous FTP from host
- ftp.u.washington.edu, directory /public/libellus/texts; some commentaries and
- other support files (including a TeX-to-ASCII converter for the texts) are
- contained in the other subdirectories of /public/libellus. These texts and
- support files are also available, in a variety of formats (TeX, ASCII, RTF,
- PostScript) through an experimental E-mail server, for those who do not have
- Internet access; for more information about this service, send mail to
- libellus@u.washington.edu with "help" in the message body. Send comments,
- questions, etc. to perseant@u.washington.edu.
-
- The Georgetown Catalogue Project for Electronic Texts have a directory of
- electronic text projects in the humanities. The catalogues are available by
- language and subject, and are available for anonymous FTP from
- guvax.georgetown.edu:cpet_projects_in_electronic_text.
-
- The Library at Dartmouth have a huge database containing and concerning "La
- Commedia". To use it, telnet to
- library.dartmouth.edu
- and type
- connect dante
-
- Lectures by Robert Hollander on Dante are available for anonymous FTP in
- ccat.sas.upenn.edu:/pub/recentiores named BARLOW.README, BARLOW.1, BARLOW.2 and
- BARLOW.3.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 6.1 Oxford Text Archive
-
- The Oxford Text Archive provides texts with restrictions on redistribution,
- usually for cost of copying and shipping. The texts are of varying quality.
- The following is taken from their informational blurb:
-
- Further details are given in the published Short List
- (which includes an order form) which is printed at least
- once a year. Write to:
-
- Oxford Text Archive
- Oxford University Computing Service
- 13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK
-
- ARCHIVE@VAX.OX.AC.UK
-
- or FTP to black.ox.ac.uk:/ota
-
- They have recently been able to make available some public-domain texts for
- FTP.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 7 Radio Programming
-
- Currently there are two major shortwave services that provide Latin
- programming. They are:
-
- Vatican Radio (daily programming, mostly of a religious nature)
- Radio Finland (weekly world news reports)
-
- Times and frequencies are likely to change, so are not included in this FAQ.
- Schedule information may be obtained from the following:
-
- World Radio and Television Handbook (WRTH)
- (1993 Edition, ISBN #0-8230-5924-3)
- Billboard Publications
- 1515 Broadway
- New York, NY 10036
- USA
-
- Usenet newsgroup rec.radio.shortwave and the shortwave FTP archives at
- nic.funet.fi under /pub/dx.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 8 Bookstores for Classicists
-
- The following is a list of bookstores known to carry works in Latin and/or
- Greek. It is a work in progress. Readers of this group are encouraged to
- send additional contributions to the classics-faq mailing list; postings to
- the humanities.classics newsgroup will be harvested when possible.
-
- The following contributions are courtesy Mr. Richard Schulman.
-
- Labyrinth Books
- 536 W. 112 (1/2 block east of Broadway)
- Manhattan, New York, NY
- 212-865-1588
- (Has many different texts, commentaries, and reference works. This is
- the best source by far in the greater NY area.)
-
- Barnes & Noble
- Broadway & 82nd
- Manhattan, New York, NY
- (Loeb series)
-
- Barnes & Noble
- 91 Old Country Rd.
- Carle Place, Long Island, NY
- (Loeb series)
-
- Harvard University Press
- 800-448-2242
- (for mail orders of the Loeb)
-
- Cambridge University Press
- 800-431-1580 or 800-872-7423
- (for that press's publications)
-
- Oxford University Press Customer Service
- 800-451-7556
- (for mail orders of that press's publications)
-
- Rich Alderson notes the following in addition:
-
- Barnes & Noble
- University Village
- Seattle, WA
- (Loeb series)
-
- Borders Books & Records
- Redmond Town Center
- Redmond, WA
- (Loeb series, some Oxford Classical Texts--all in the Ancient History area)
-
- Stanford University Bookstore
- Stanford University
- Palo Alto, CA
- (Loeb, Oxford, Cambridge; Bibles; very large section of university-style
- translations)
-
- Steve Austin adds:
-
- There are at least two sources for Latin and Greek texts and associated
- materials which I have found very valuable -
-
- Schoenhof's Foreign Books
- 76A Mount Auburn Street,
- Cambridge, MA 02138
- Phone: 617-547-8855 Fax: 617-547-8551
-
- Email: info@schoenhofs.com
- http://www.schoenhofs.com
-
- and
-
- Bolchazy-Carducci Publisher's, Inc
- 1000 Brown Street, Wauconda,
- Illinois 60084 USA
- Phone: 847-526-4344; Fax: 847-526-2867
-
- Email: orders@bolchazy.com.
- http://www.bolchazy.com
-
- Both have excellent websites with searching facilities and online
- ordering. The staff at both locations are very knowledgable and helpful.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 9 On-Line Resources for Classicists (Steve Austin)
-
- We often see posts inquiring about Latin or Greek study groups and mailing
- lists on the internet. This is not covered yet in the FAQ. I am aware of two
- lists maintained by the Univ. of Colorado.
-
- The Latin list presently has at least 7 active groups at different stages
- of proficiency, and provides considerable moral and linguistic support to
- those studying on their own. I can strongly recommend this list to an
- The Greek list has a lower level of activity, but there are two
- functioning groups - one studying the JACT Reading Greek series, and the
- other working on Pharr's Homeric Greek.
-
- a. Latin
- Postings go to: latin@lists.colorado.edu
- To subscribe: email to listproc@lists.colorado.edu with
- subscribe latin <your name>
- in the body.
-
- b. Greek
- Postings go to: greek@lists.colorado.edu
- To subscribe: email to listproc@lists.colorado.edu with
- subscribe greek <your name>
- in the body
-
- I believe there are other mailing lists, but I have no personal experience
- of these.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- 10 Secondary School Programs in Greek (Richard A. Schulman)
-
- Based on information from: Daniel Roe, D. Barrington, Edwin Menes,
- Richard Schulman
-
- GREEK PROGRAMS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS (PARTIAL LIST), ALPHABETICALLY BY
- STATE OR COUNTRY
-
- Key: (*) indicates a free public school. "Levels" is probably synonymous
- with "years", but this could not be determined for certain on the basis of
- the information sources available for this report.
-
- California
- Crossroads School for Arts and Sciences, Santa Monica
-
- Connecticut
- Hotchkiss School, Lakeville: 4 years
-
- Germany
- Schule Schloss Salem, Salem
-
- Illinois
- St. Ignatius College Prep, Chicago: full program
- Loyola Academy, Chicago: full program
-
- Indiana
- Howe Military School, Howe: may just have introductory level
- Park Tudor School, Indianapolis: one elective only?
-
- Louisiana
- Jesuit High School, New Orleans
-
- Maine
- Messalonskee High School, Oakland: Homeric Greek (*)
-
- Massachusetts
- Amherst Regional High School, Amherst: 3 levels (*)
- Boston College High School, Dorchester: distinguished program
- Boston Latin, Boston: 3 levels (*)
- Boston University Academy, Boston
- Commonwealth School, Boston: 2 levels
- Deerfield Academy: at least 3 years
- Groton (in town of same name): 5 levels
- John Dewey Academy, Great Barrington
- Milton Academy, Milton: 1 or 2 years if sufficient enrollment
- Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield: 4 levels
- Phillips Academy, Andover: 4 years
- Roxbury Latin, West Roxbury: 3 levels
- St. Marks School, Southborough: 3 years
- Winsor School, Boston
-
- Missouri
- Thomas Jefferson School, St. Louis: 2 years (mandatory for all 9th and
- 10th grade students)
-
- New Hampshire
- Phillips Academy, Exeter: 4 years
-
- New York
- Bronx High School of Science, Bronx: 1 course (*)
- Dalton School, Manhattan: 2 years plus tutorial by arrangement
- Fordham Prep, Bronx: 2 levels
- Hackley School, Tarreytown: 2 levels
- Lycee Francais de New York, Manhattan
- Regis High School, Manhattan
- Rye Country Day School, Rye: 3 years
- St. Ann's, Brooklyn
- Townshend Harris High School, Queens: 3 years (*)
-
- Ohio
- St. Ignatius High School, Cleveland
- Shaker Heights High School, Shaker Heights (*)
-
- Pennsylvania
- The Episcopal Academy, Merion: 3 years
-
- Rhode Island
- Portsmouth Abbey School, Portsmouth
-
- Tennessee
- The McKallie School, Chattanooga
-
- Virginia
- Ad Fontes Academy, Burke (beginning 1999-2000 school year)
- Norfolk Academy, Norfolk: Homeric Greek is offered as an elective
- Saint Margaret's School, Tappahannock: possibly only an introductory
- course.
-
- ----------------------------------------
- Credits
-
- Many people who liked the idea of sci.classics, but who are now gone from the
- newsgroup, contributed to the original FAQ:
-
- Nathan Torkington, Tracy Monaghan, Owen Ewald, Patrick Rourke, Ken Bibb, Brian
- W. Ogilvie, Stig Atle Haugdahl, Jim Ruebel, Neil Bernstein, Keith Morgan, Risto
- Kotalampi, Konrad Schroder, <pef -at dcs.qmw.ac.uk>, Irene Gassko, Jamieson
- Norrish, James F. Tims, Daan Sandee, Mark Eckenwiler, Richard Lee Winterstein,
- Andrew Gollan, John P. Adams, Michael Covington
-
- Several people have contributed since humanities.classics was created:
-
- Joe Bernstein, Richard A. Schulman, Steve Austin, Daniel Roe, D. Barrington,
- Edwin Menes
-
- E-mail addresses have been removed to protect the innocent.
-