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Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!nycmny1-snh1.gtei.net!lsanca1-snf1!news.gtei.net!newsfeed2.earthlink.net!newsfeed1.earthlink.net!newsfeed.earthlink.net!logbridge.uoregon.edu!server3.netnews.ja.net!server4.netnews.ja.net!fafnir.cf.ac.uk!scmdb From: David.Beasley@cs.cf.ac.uk (David Beasley) Newsgroups: comp.ai.genetic,comp.answers,news.answers Subject: FAQ: comp.ai.genetic part 5/6 (A Guide to Frequently Asked Questions) Supersedes: <part5_969480833@cs.cf.ac.uk> Followup-To: comp.ai.genetic Date: 11 Apr 2001 20:24:01 GMT Organization: Posted through the Joint Cardiff Computing Service, Wales, UK Lines: 1892 Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu Expires: 25 May 2001 20:22:54 GMT Message-ID: <part5_987020574@cs.cf.ac.uk> References: <part4_987020574@cs.cf.ac.uk> NNTP-Posting-Host: thrall.cs.cf.ac.uk X-Trace: fafnir.cf.ac.uk 987020641 31227 131.251.42.22 (11 Apr 2001 20:24:01 GMT) X-Complaints-To: abuse@cf.ac.uk NNTP-Posting-Date: 11 Apr 2001 20:24:01 GMT Summary: This is part 5 of a <trilogy> entitled "The Hitch-Hiker's Guide to Evolutionary Computation". A periodically published list of Frequently Asked Questions (and their answers) about Evolutionary Algorithms, Life and Everything. It should be read by anyone who whishes to post to the comp.ai.genetic newsgroup, preferably *before* posting. Originator: scmdb@thrall.cs.cf.ac.uk Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.ai.genetic:21407 comp.answers:44996 news.answers:205232 Archive-name: ai-faq/genetic/part5 Last-Modified: 4/12/01 Issue: 9.1 Important note: Do NOT send email to the cs.cf.ac.uk address above: it will be ignored. Corrections and other correspondence should be sent to david.beasley@iee.org TABLE OF CONTENTS OF PART 5 Q20: What EA software packages are available? Q20.1: Free software packages? Q20.2: Commercial software packages? Q20.3: Current research projects? ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Q20: What EA software packages are available? This gives a list of all known EA software packages available to the public. The list was originally maintained by Nici Schraudolph. In June '93 it was agreed that it would be incorporated into this FAQ and the responsibility for maintenance taken over by the FAQ editor. A copy of most of the packages described below are kept at ENCORE, (See Q15.3), available by anonymous FTP. Most GENETIC PROGRAMMING software is available by FTP in: ftp.io.com/pub/genetic-programming/ There are subdirectories containing papers related to GP, archives of the mailing list, as well as a suite of programs for implementing GP. These programs include the Lisp code from Koza's "Genetic Programming" [KOZA92], as well as implementations in C and C++, as for example SGPC: Simple Genetic Programming in C by Walter Alden Tackett and Aviram Carmi <gpc@ipld01.hac.com>. A survey paper entitled "Genetic Algorithm Programming Environments" was published in IEEE Computer in the June 1994 issue. Written by Filho, Alippi and Treleaven of University College, London, UK. It's available by FTP as bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk/papagena/game/docs/gasurvey.ps (file size: 421k). PLEASE NOTE For many of these software packages, specific ordering instructions are given in the descriptions below (see Q20.1 - Free Software packages, Q20.2 - Commercial Software Packages, Q20.3 - Research Projects). Please read and follow them before unnecessarily bothering the listed author or contact! Also note that these programs haven't been independently tested, so there are no guarantees of their quality. A major revision was undertaken in August 1994, when all authors were contacted, and asked to confirm the accuracy of the information contained here. A few authors did not respond to the request for information. These are noted below by: (Unverified 8/94). In these cases, FTP address were checked by the FAQ editor, to confirm that this information (at least) is correct. In two cases, email to the author bounced back as "undeliverable" -- these are noted below. Legend Type (this is a very ad-hoc classification) GE: generational GA SS: steady-state GA PA: (pseudo) parallel GA ES: evolution strategy OO: object-oriented XP: expert system ED: educational/demo CF: classifier system OS Operating System; X11 implies Unix; "Win" means Microsoft Windows 3.x/NT (PC); "DOS" means MS-DOS or compatibles. Lang Programming Language; in parentheses: source code not included; "OPas" = MPW Object Pascal Price (circa 1994) (1) free to government contractors, $221 otherwise, (2) educational discount available, (3) available as addendum to a book, (4) single 1850 DM, site license 5200 DM, (5) single 200 DM, site license 500 DM, (6) free for academic and educational use. Author or Contact Name of creator/maintainer. For internet e-mail addresses, refer to the details of the specific package. ES/GA/XP System Implementations: ========================================================================= Name Type OS Lang Price Author/Contact ========================================================================= BUGS GE, X11, C free Joshua Smith ED Suntools Computer- ED, Win ? free Scott Kennedy Ants GA DGenesis GE, Unix C free Erick Cantu-Paz PA,ED DOUGAL SS, DOS Turbo free Brett Parker GE Pascal Ease GE, Unix Tcl free Joachim Sprave ES ESCaPaDE ES Unix C free Frank Hoffmeister Evolution GE, DOS C free Hans-Michael Voigt and Machine ES Joachim Born Evolutionary GE, Unix C++ free JJ Merelo Objects OO GAC, GE Unix C free Bill Spears GAL " " Lisp " GAGA GE Unix C free Jon Crowcroft GAGS GE, Unix, C++ free JJ Merelo SS,OO DOS GAlib GA Unix, C++ free Matthew Wall Mac,DOS GALOPPS GE, Unix, C free Erik Goodman PA DOS GAMusic ED Win (VB) $10 Jason H. Moore GANNET GE, Unix C free Darrell Duane NN GAucsd GE Unix C free Nici Schraudolph GA GE, DOS (C++) free Mark Hughes Workbench ED GECO GE, Unix, Lisp free George P. W. Williams, Jr. OO,ED MacOS Genesis GE, Unix, C free John Grefenstette ED DOS GENEsYs GE Unix C free Thomas Baeck GenET SS, Unix, C free Cezary Z. Janikow ES,ED X, etc. Genie GE Mac Think free Lance Chambers Pascal Genitor SS Unix C free Darrell Whitley GENlib SS Unix, C (6) Jochen Ruhland DOS GENOCOP GE Unix C free Zbigniew Michalewicz GIGA SS Unix C free Joe Culberson GPEIST GP Win, Small- free Tony White OS/2 talk Imogene GP Win C++ free Harley Davis JAG GA - Java free Stephen Hartley LibGA GE, Unix/DOS C free Art Corcoran SS,ED NeXT/Amiga LICE ES Unix, C free Joachim Sprave DOS Matlab-GA GE ? Matlab free Andy Potvin mGA GE Unix C, free Dave Goldberg Lisp PARAGenesis PA, CM C* free Michael van Lent GE PGA PA, Unix, C free Peter Ross SS,GE etc. PGAPack GA, any C free David Levine PA REGAL GA C free Filippo Neri SGA-C, GE Unix C free Robert E. Smith SGA-Cube nCube Splicer GE Mac, C (1) Steve Bayer X11 TOLKIEN OO, Unix, C++ free Anthony Yiu-Cheung Tang GE DOS Trans-Dimensional Learning NN Win ? free Universal Problem Solvers WOLF SS Unix C free David Rogers XGenetic GA, Win ActiveX free Jeff Goslin OO,ED demo ========================================================================= Classifier System Implementations: ========================================================================= Name Type OS Lang Price Author/Contact ========================================================================= CFS-C CF, Unix/DOS C free Rick Riolo ED SCS-C CF, Unix/DOS C free Joerg Heitkoetter ED Atari TOS ========================================================================== Commercial Packages: ========================================================================= Name Type OS Lang Price Author/Contact ========================================================================= ActiveGA GA Win (ActiveX) $99 Brightwater Software EnGENEer OO, X11 C ? George Robbins, GA Logica Cambridge Ltd. EvoFrame/ OO, Mac, C++/ (4,2) Optimum Software REALizer ES DOS OPas (5,2) Evolver GE DOS, (C, UKP350 Palisade Mac Pascal) FlexTool GA Win Matlab ? Flexible Intelligence Group GAME OO, X11 C++ (3) Jose R. Filho GA GeneHunter GA Win, (VB) $369 Ward Systems Excel Generator GE,SS Win, (C++) $379 Steve McGrew, New Light Industries ES,OO,ED Excel Genetic GE,SS Win (ActiveX) ? NeuroDimension Inc. Server/Library (C++) MicroGA/ OO, Mac, C++ $249 Emergent Behavior, Inc. Galapagos SS Win (2) Omega ? DOS ? ? David Barrow, KiQ Ltd. OOGA OO, Mac, Lisp $60 Lawrence Davis GE DOS optiGA ? Win VB, ? Elad Salomons ActiveX PC/Beagle XP DOS ? 69UKP Richard Forsyth XpertRule/ XP DOS (Think 995UKP Attar Software GenAsys Pascal) XYpe SS Mac (C) $725 Ed Swartz, Virtual Image Inc. ========================================================================= ------------------------------ Subject: Q20.1: Free software packages? BUGS: BUGS (Better to Use Genetic Systems) is an interactive program for demonstrating the GENETIC ALGORITHM and is written in the spirit of Richard Dawkins' celebrated Blind Watchmaker software. The user can play god (or `GA FITNESS function,' more accurately) and try to evolve lifelike organisms (curves). Playing with BUGS is an easy way to get an understanding of how and why the GA works. In addition to demonstrating the basic GENETIC OPERATORs (SELECTION, CROSSOVER, and MUTATION), it allows users to easily see and understand phenomena such as GENETIC DRIFT and premature convergence. BUGS is written in C and runs under Suntools and X Windows. BUGS was written by Joshua Smith <jrs@media.mit.edu> at Williams College and is available from www.aic.nrl.navy.mil/pub/galist/src/BUGS.tar.Z Note that it is unsupported software, copyrighted but freely distributable. Address: Room E15-492, MIT Media Lab, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139. (Unverified 8/94). ComputerAnts: ComputerAnts is a free Windows program that teaches principles of GENETIC ALGORITHMs by breeding a colony of ants on your computer screen. Users create ants, food, poison, and set CROSSOVER and MUTATION rates. Then they watch the colony slowly evolve. Includes extensive on-line help and tutorials on genetic algorithms. For further information or to download, see the download section under http://www.bitstar.com DGenesis: DGenesis is a distributed implementation of a Parallel GA. It is based on Genesis 5.0. It runs on a network of UNIX workstations. It has been tested with DECstations, microVAXes, Sun Workstations and PCs running 386BSD 0.1. Each subpopulation is handled by a UNIX process and the communication between them is accomplished using Berkeley sockets. The system is programmed in C and is available free of charge by anonymous FTP from lamport.rhon.itam.mx:/ and from ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil/pub/galist/src/ga/dgenesis-1.0.tar.Z DGenesis allows the user to set the MIGRATION interval, the migration rate and the topology between the SUB-POPULATIONs. There has not been much work investigating the effect of the topology on the PERFORMANCE of the GA, DGenesis was written specifically to encourage experimentation in this area. It still needs many refinements, but some may find it useful. Contact Erick Cantu-Paz <ecantu@lamport.rhon.itam.mx> at the Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico (ITAM) Dougal: DOUGAL is a demonstration program for solving the TRAVELLING SALESMAN PROBLEM using GAs. The system guides the user through the GA, allowing them to see the results of altering parameters relating to CROSSOVER, MUTATION etc. The system demonstrates graphicaly the OPTIMIZATION of the route. The options open to the user to experiment with include percentage CROSSOVER and MUTATION, POPULATION size, steady state or generational replacement, FITNESS technique (linear normalised, is evaluation, etc). DOUGAL requires an IBM compatible PC with a VGA monitor. The software is free, however I would appreciate feedback on what you think of the software. Dougal is available by FTP from ENCORE (see Q15.3) in file EC/GA/src/dougal.zip It's pkzipped and contains executable, vga driver, source code and full documentation. It is important to place the vga driver (egavga.bgi) in the same directory as DOUGAL. Author: Brett Parker, 7 Glencourse, East Boldon, Tyne + Wear, NE36 0LW, England. <b.s.parker@durham.ac.uk> Ease: Ease - Evolutionary Algorithms Scripting Environment - is an extension to the Tcl scripting language, providing commands to create, modify, and evaluate POPULATIONs of INDIVIDUALs represented by real number vectors and/or bit strings. With Ease, a standard ES or GA can be written in less than 20 lines of code. Ease is available as source code for Linux and Solaris under the GNU Public License. Tcl version 8.0 or higher is required. If you know how generate DLLs, you may be able to use it on Win9x/NT, as well. The URL is http://www.sprave.com/Ease/Ease.html . Written by Joachim Sprave <sprave@LS11.cs.uni-dortmund.de>. ESCaPaDE: ESCaPaDE is a sophisticated software environment to run experiments with EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMs, such as e.g. an EVOLUTION STRATEGY. The main support for experimental work is provided by two internal tables: (1) a table of objective functions and (2) a table of so- called data monitors, which allow easy implementation of functions for monitoring all types of information inside the Evolutionary Algorithm under experiment. ESCaPaDE 1.2 comes with the KORR implementation of the evolution strategy by H.-P. Schwefel which offers simple and correlated MUTATIONs. KORR is provided as a FORTRAN 77 subroutine, and its cross-compiled C version is used internally by ESCaPaDE. An extended version of the package was used for several investigations so far and has proven to be very reliable. The software and its documentation is fully copyrighted although it may be freely used for scientific work; it requires 5-6 MB of disk space. In order to obtain ESCaPaDE, please send a message to the e-mail address below. The SUBJECT line should contain 'help' or 'get ESCaPaDE'. (If the subject lines is invalid, your mail will be ignored!). For more information contact: Frank Hoffmeister, Systems Analysis Research Group, LSXI, Department of Computer Science, University of Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Net: <hoffmeister@ls11.informatik.uni-dortmund.de> Evolution Machine: The Evolution Machine (EM) is universally applicable to continuous (real-coded) OPTIMIZATION problems. In the EM we have coded fundamental EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMs (GENETIC ALGORITHMs and EVOLUTION STRATEGIEs), and added some of our approaches to evolutionary search. The EM includes extensive menu techniques with: o Default parameter setting for unexperienced users. o Well-defined entries for EM-control by freaks of the EM, who want to leave the standard process control. o Data processing for repeated runs (with or without change of the strategy parameters). o Graphical presentation of results: online presentation of the EVOLUTION progress, one-, two- and three-dimensional graphic output to analyse the FITNESS function and the evolution process. o Integration of calling MS-DOS utilities (Turbo C). We provide the EM-software in object code, which can be run on PC's with MS-DOS and Turbo C, v2.0, resp. Turbo C++,v1.01. The Manual to the EM is included in the distribution kit. The EM software is available by FTP from ftp-bionik.fb10.tu- berlin.de/pub/software/Evolution-Machine/ This directory contains the compressed files em_tc.exe (Turbo C), em_tcp.exe (Turbo C++) and em_man.exe (the manual). There is also em-man.ps.Z, a compressed PostScript file of the manual. If you do not have FTP access, please send us either 5 1/4 or 3 1/2 MS-DOS compatible disks. We will return them with the compressed files (834 kB). Official contact information: Hans-Michael Voigt or Joachim Born, Technical University Berlin, Bionics and evolution Techniques Laboratory, Bio- and Neuroinformatics Research Group, Ackerstrasse 71-76 (ACK1), D-13355 Berlin, Germany. Net: <voigt@fb10.tu- berlin.de>, <born@fb10.tu-berlin.de> (Unverified 8/94). EVOLUTIONARY OBJECTS: EO (Evolutionary Objects) is a C++ library written and designed to allow a variety of evolutionary algorithms to be constructed easily. It is intended to be an "Open source" effort to create the definitive EC library. It has: a mailing list, anon-CVS access, frequent snapshots and other features. For details, see http://fast.to/EO Maintained by J.J. Merelo, Grupo Geneura, Univ. Granada <jmerelo@kal- el.ugr.es> GA Workbench: A mouse-driven interactive GA demonstration program aimed at people wishing to show GAs in action on simple FUNCTION OPTIMIZATIONs and to help newcomers understand how GAs operate. Features: problem functions drawn on screen using mouse, run-time plots of GA POPULATION distribution, peak and average FITNESS. Useful population STATISTICS displayed numerically, GA configuration (population size, GENERATION gap etc.) performed interactively with mouse. Requirements: MS-DOS PC, mouse, EGA/VGA display. Available by FTP from the simtel20 archive mirrors, e.g. wsmr- simtel20.army.mil/pub/msdos/neurlnet/gaw110.zip or wuarchive.wustl.edu: or oak.oakland.edu: Produced by Mark Hughes <mrh@i2ltd.demon.co.uk>. A windows version is in preparation. GAC, GAL: Bill Spears <spears@aic.nrl.navy.mil> writes: These are packages I've been using for a few years. GAC is a GA written in C. GAL is my Common Lisp version. They are similar in spirit to John Grefenstette's Genesis, but they don't have all the nice bells and whistles. Both versions currently run on Sun workstations. If you have something else, you might need to do a little modification. Both versions are free: All I ask is that I be credited when it is appropriate. Also, I would appreciate hearing about improvements! This software is the property of the US Department of the Navy. The code will be in a "shar" format that will be easy to install. This code is "as is", however. There is a README and some documentation in the code. There is NO user's guide, though (nor am I planning on writing one at this time). I am interested in hearing about bugs, but I may not get around to fixing them for a while. Also, I will be unable to answer many questions about the code, or about GAs in general. This is not due to a lack of interest, but due to a lack of free time! Available by FTP from ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil/pub/galist/src/ga/GAC.shar.Z and GAL.shar.Z . PostScript versions of some papers are under "/pub/spears". Feel free to browse. GAGA: GAGA (GA for General Application) is a self-contained, re-entrant procedure which is suitable for the minimization of many "difficult" cost functions. Originally written in Pascal by Ian Poole, it was rewritten in C by Jon Crowcroft. GAGA can be obtained by request from the author: Jon Crowcroft <jon@cs.ucl.ac.uk>, Univeristy College London, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, UK, or by FTP from ftp://cs.ucl.ac.uk/darpa/gaga.shar GAGS: GAGS (Genetic Algorithms from Granada, Spain) is a library and companion programs written and designed to take the heat out of designing a GENETIC ALGORITHM. It features a class library for genetic algorithm programming, but, from the user point of view, is a genetic algorithm application generator. Just write the function you want to optimize, and GAGS surrounds it with enough code to have a genetic algorithm up and running, compiles it, and runs it. GAGS Is written in C++, so that it can be compiled in any platform running this GNU utility. It has been tested on various machines. Documentation is available. GAGS includes: o Steady-state, roulette-wheel, tournament and elitist SELECTION. o FITNESS evaluation using training files. o Graphics output through gnuplot. o Uniform and 2-point CROSSOVER, and bit-flip and gene-transposition MUTATION. o Variable length CHROMOSOMEs and related operators. The application generator gags.pl is written in perl, so this language must also be installed before GAGS. Available from: http://kal-el.ugr.es/GAGS The programmer's manual is in the file gagsprogs.ps.gz. GAGS is also available from ENCORE (see Q15.3) in file EC/GA/src/gags-0.92.tar.gz (there may be a more recent version) with documentation in EC/GA/docs/gagsprog.ps.gz Maintained by J.J. Merelo, Grupo Geneura, Univ. Granada <jmerelo@kal- el.ugr.es> GAlib: GAlib is a C++ library that provides the application programmer with a set of GENETIC ALGORITHM objects. With GAlib you can add GA OPTIMIZATION to your program using any data representation and standard or custom SELECTION, CROSSOVER, MUTATION, scaling, and replacement, and termination methods. View the documentation on-line at http://lancet.mit.edu/ga/ There you will find a complete description of the programming interface, features, and examples. The canonical source for this library is the FTP site: lancet.mit.edu/pub/ga/ This directory contains UNIX (.tar.gz), MacOS (.sea.hqx), and DOS (.zip) versions of the GA library. Once you have downloaded the file, uncompress and extract it. It will expand to its own directory. If you extract the DOS version be sure to use the -d option to keep everything in one directory. GAlib requires a cfront 3.0 compatible C++ compiler. It has been used on the following systems: SGI IRIX 4.0.x (Cfront); SGI IRIX 5.x (DCC 1.0, g++ 2.6.8, 2.7.0); IBM RSAIX 3.2 (g++ 2.6.8, 2.7.0); DEC MIPS ultrix 4.2 (g++ 2.6.8, 2.7.0); SUN SOLARIS 5.3 (g++ 2.6.8, 2.7.0); HP-UX (g++); MacOS (MetroWerks CodeWarrior 5); MacOS (Symantec THINK C++ 7.0); DOS/Windows (Borland Turbo C++ 3.0). Maintained by: Matthew Wall <mbwall@mit.edu> GALOPPS: GALOPPS (Genetic Algorithm Optimized for Portability and Parallelism) is a general-purpose parallel GENETIC ALGORITHM system, written in 'C', organized like Goldberg's "Simple Genetic Algorithm". User defines objective function (in template furnished) and any callback functions desired (again, filling in template); can run one or many subpopulations, on one or many PC's, workstations, Mac's, MPP. Runs interactively (GUI or answering questions) or from files, makes file and/or graphical output. Runs easily interrupted and restarted, and a PVM version for Unix networks even moves processes automatically when workstations become busy. (Note: optional GUI requires Tcl/Tk.) 14 example problems included (De Jong Functions, Royal Road, BTSP, etc. ) User may choose: o problem type (permutation or value-type) o field sizes (arbitrary, possibly unequal, heeded by CROSSOVER, MUTATION) o among 7 crossover types and 4 mutation types (or define own) o among 6 SELECTION types, including "automatic" option based on Boltzmann scaling and Shapiro and Pruegel-Bennett statist. Mechanics stuff o operator probabilities, FITNESS scaling, amount of output, MIGRATION frequency and patterns, o stopping criteria (using "standard" convergence STATISTICS, etc.) o the GGA (Grouping Genetic Algorithm) REPRODUCTION and operators of Falkenauer GALOPPS allows and supports: o use of a different representation in each subpopulation, with transformation of migrants o INVERSION on level of subpopulations, with automatic handling of differing field sizes, migrants o control over replacement by OFFSPRING, including DeJong crowding or random replacement or SGA-like replacement of PARENTs o mate selection, using incest reduction o migrant selection, using incest reduction, and/or DeJong crowding into receiving subpopulation o optional ELITISM Generic (Unix) GALOPPS 3.2 (includes 80-pp. manual) is available on ENCORE. For PVM GALOPPS, PC version (different line endings, makefiles), Threaded GALOPPS, and GALOPPS-based 2-level adaptive system, see the MSU GARAGe web site: http://GARAGe.cps.msu.edu/ . Contact: Erik D. Goodman, <goodman@egr.msu.edu>, MSU GARAGe, Case Center, 112 Engineering Building, MSU, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA. GAMusic: GAMusic 1.0 is a user-friendly interactive demonstration of a simple GA that evolves musical melodies. Here, the user is the FITNESS function. Melodies from the POPULATION can be played and then assigned a fitness. Iteration, RECOMBINATION frequency and MUTATION frequency are all controlled by the user. This program is intended to provide an introduction to GAs and may not be of interest to the experienced GA programmer. GAMusic was programmed with Microsoft Visual Basic 3.0 for Windows 3.1x. No special sound card is required. GAMusic is distributed as shareware (cost $10) and can be obtained by FTP from wuarchive.wustl.edu/pub/MSDOS_UPLOADS/GenAlgs/gamusic.zip or from fly.bio.indiana.edu/science/ibmpc/gamusic.zip The program is also available from the America Online archive. Contact: Jason H. Moore <jhm@superh.hg.med.umich.edu> or <jasonUMICH@aol.com> GANNET: GANNET (Genetic Algorithm / Neural NETwork) is a software package written by Jason Spofford in 1990 which allows one to evolve binary valued neural networks. It offers a variety of configuration options related to rates of the GENETIC OPERATORs. GANNET evolves nets based upon three FITNESS functions: Input/Output Accuracy, Output 'Stability', and Network Size. The evolved neural network presently has a binary input and binary output format, with neurodes that have either 2 or 4 inputs and weights ranging from -3 to +4. GANNET allows for up to 250 neurons in a net. Research using GANNET is continuing. GANNET 2.0 is available at http://www.duane.com/~dduane/gannet . As well as the software, the masters thesis that utilized this program as well as a paper is available in this directory. The major enhancement of version 2.0 is the ability to recognize variable length binary strings, such as those that would be generated by a finite automaton. Included is code for calculating the Effective Measure Complexity (EMC) of finite automata as well as code for generating test data. A mailing list has been established for discussing uses and problems with the GANNET software. To subscribe, send a message to: <majordomo@duane.com> On the first line of the message (not the subject) type: subscribe gannet Contact: Darrell Duane <dduane@duane.com> or Dr. Kenneth Hintz <khintz@gmu.edu>, George Mason University, Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Mail Stop 1G5, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22033-4444 USA. GAucsd: GAucsd is a Genesis-based GA package incorporating numerous bug fixes and user interface improvements. Major additions include a wrapper that simplifies the writing of evaluation functions, a facility to distribute experiments over networks of machines, and Dynamic Parameter Encoding, a technique that improves GA PERFORMANCE in continuous SEARCH SPACEs by adaptively refining the genomic representation of real-valued parameters. GAucsd was written in C for Unix systems, but the central GA engine is easily ported to other platforms. The entire package can be ported to systems where implementations of the Unix utilities "make", "awk" and "sh" are available. GAucsd is available by FTP from ftp.cs.ucsd.edu/pub/GAucsd/GAucsd14.sh.Z or from ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil/pub/galist/src/GAucsd14.sh.Z To be added to a mailing list for bug reports, patches and updates, send "add GAucsd" to <listserv@cs.ucsd.edu>. Cognitive Computer Science Research Group, CSE Department, UCSD 0114, La Jolla, CA 92093-0114, USA. Net: <GAucsd-request@cs.ucsd.edu> GECO: GECO (Genetic Evolution through Combination of Objects) is an extensible, object-oriented framework for prototyping GENETIC ALGORITHMs in Common Lisp. GECO makes extensive use of CLOS, the Common Lisp Object System, to implement its functionality. The abstractions provided by the classes have been chosen with the intent both of being easily understandable to anyone familiar with the paradigm of genetic algorithms, and of providing the algorithm developer with the ability to customize all aspects of its operation. It comes with extensive documentation, in the form of a PostScript file, and some simple examples are also provided to illustrate its intended use. GECO Version 2.0 is available by FTP. See the file ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil/pub/galist/src/ga/GECO-v2.0.README for more information. George P. W. Williams, Jr., 1334 Columbus City Rd., Scottsboro, AL 35768. Net: <george@hsvaic.hv.boeing.com>. Genesis: Genesis is a generational GA system written in C by John Grefenstette <gref@aic.nrl.navy.mil>. As the first widely available GA program Genesis has been very influential in stimulating the use of GAs, and several other GA packages are based on it. Genesis is available together with OOGA (see below), or by FTP from ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil/pub/galist/src/genesis.tar.Z (Unverified 8/94). GENEsYs: GENEsYs is a Genesis-based GA implementation which includes extensions and new features for experimental purposes, such as SELECTION schemes like linear ranking, Boltzmann, (mu, lambda)-selection, and general extinctive selection variants, CROSSOVER operators like n-point and uniform crossover as well as discrete and intermediate RECOMBINATION. SELF-ADAPTATION of MUTATION rates is also possible. A set of objective functions is provided, including De Jong's functions, complicated continuous functions, a TSP-problem, binary functions, and a fractal function. There are also additional data- monitoring facilities such as recording average, variance and skew of OBJECT VARIABLES and mutation rates, or creating bitmap-dumps of the POPULATION. GENEsYs 1.0 is available via FTP from lumpi.informatik.uni- dortmund.de/pub/GA/src/GENEsYs-1.0.tar.Z The documentation alone is available as /pub/GA/docs/GENEsYs-1.0-doc.tar.Z For more information contact: Thomas Baeck, Systems Analysis Research Group, LSXI, Department of Computer Science, University of Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Net: <baeck@ls11.informatik.uni- dortmund.de> (Unverified 8/94). GenET: GenET is a "generic" GA package. It is generic in the sense that all problem independent mechanisms have been implemented and can be used regardless of application domain. Using the package forces (or allows, however you look at it) concentration on the problem: you have to suggest the best representation, and the best operators for such space that utilize your problem-specific knowledge. You do not have to think about possible GA models or their implementation. The package, in addition to allowing for fast implementation of applications and being a natural tool for comparing different models and strategies, is intended to become a depository of representations and operators. Currently, only floating point representation is implemented in the library with few operators. The algorithm provides a wide selection of models and choices. For example, POPULATION models range from generational GA, through steady-state, to (n,m)-EP and (n,n+m)-EP models (for arbitrary problems, not just parameter OPTIMIZATION). (Some are not finished at the moment). Choices include automatic adaptation of operator probabilities and a dynamic ranking mechanism, etc. Even though the implementation is far from optimal, it is quite efficient - implemented in ATT's C++ (3.0) (functional design) and also tested on gcc. Along with the package you will get two examples. They illustrate how to implement problems with heterogeneous and homogeneous structures, with explicit rep/opers and how to use the existing library (FP). Very soon I will place there another example - our GENOCOP operators for linearly constrained optimization. One more example soon to appear illustrates how to deal with complex structures and non-stationary problems - this is a fuzzy rule-based controller optimized using the package and some specific rep/operators. If you start using the package, please send evaluations (especially bugs) and suggestions for future versions to the author. GenET Version 1.00 is available by FTP from radom.umsl.edu/var/ftp/GenET.tar.Z To learn more, you may get the User's Manual, available in compressed postscript in "/var/ftp/userMan.ps.Z". It also comes bundled with the complete package. Cezary Z. Janikow, Department of Math and CS, CCB319, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA. Net: <janikow@radom.umsl.edu> Genie: Genie is a GA-based modeling/forecasting system that is used for long-term planning. One can construct a model of an ENVIRONMENT and then view the forecasts of how that environment will evolve into the future. It is then possible to alter the future picture of the environment so as to construct a picture of a desired future (I will not enter into arguments of who is or should be responsible for designing a desired or better future). The GA is then employed to suggest changes to the existing environment so as to cause the desired future to come about. Genie is available free of charge via e-mail or on 3.5'' disk from: Lance Chambers, Department of Transport, 136 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, West Australia 6007. Net: <pstamp@yarrow.wt.uwa.edu.au> It is also available by FTP from hiplab.newcastle.edu.au/pub/Genie&Code.sea.Hqx Genitor: "Genitor is a modular GA package containing examples for floating- point, integer, and binary representations. Its features include many sequencing operators as well as subpopulation modeling. The Genitor Package has code for several order based CROSSOVER operators, as well as example code for doing some small TSPs to optimality. We are planning to release a new and improved Genitor Package this summer (1993), but it will mainly be additions to the current package that will include parallel island models, cellular GAs, delta coding, perhaps CHC (depending on the legal issues) and some other things we have found useful." Genitor is available from Colorado State University Computer Science Department by FTP from ftp.cs.colostate.edu/pub/GENITOR.tar Please direct all comments and questions to <mathiask@cs.colostate.edu>. If these fail to work, contact: L. Darrell Whitley, Dept. of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Net: <whitley@cs.colostate.edu> (Unverified 8/94). GENlib: GENlib is a library of functions for GENETIC ALGORITHMs. Included are two applications of this library to the field of neural networks. The first one called "cosine" uses a genetic algorithm to train a simple three layer feed-Forward network to work as a cosine-function. This task is very difficult to train for a backprop algorithm while the genetic algorithm produces good results. The second one called "vartop" is developing a Neural Network to perform the XOR-function. This is done with two genetic algorithms, the first one develops the topology of the network, the second one adjusts the weights. GENlib may be obtained by FTP from ftp.neuro.informatik.uni- kassel.de/pub/NeuralNets/GA-and-NN/ Author: Jochen Ruhland, FG Neuronale Netzwerke / Uni Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. <jochenr@neuro.informatik.uni-kassel.de> GENOCOP: This is a GA-based OPTIMIZATION package that has been developed by Zbigniew Michalewicz and is described in detail in his book Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs [MICHALE94]. GENOCOP (Genetic Algorithm for Numerical Optimization for COnstrained Problems) optimizes a function with any number of linear constraints (equalities and inequalities). The second version of the system is available by FTP from ftp.uncc.edu/coe/evol/genocop2.tar.Z Zbigniew Michalewicz, Dept. of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chappel-Hill, NC, USA. Net: <zbyszek@uncc.edu> GIGA: GIGA is designed to propogate information through a POPULATION, using CROSSOVER as its operator. A discussion of how it propogates BUILDING BLOCKs, similar to those found in Royal Road functions by John Holland, is given in the DECEPTION section of: "Genetic Invariance: A New Paradigm for Genetic Algorithm Design." University of Alberta Technical Report TR92-02, June 1992. See also: "GIGA Program Description and Operation" University of Alberta Computing Science Technical Report TR92-06, June 1992 These can be obtained, along with the program, by FTP from ftp.cs.ualberta.ca/pub/TechReports/ in the subdirectories TR92-02/ and TR92-06/ . Also, the paper "Mutation-Crossover Isomorphisms and the Construction of Discriminating Functions" gives a more in-depth look at the behavior of GIGA. Its is available from ftp.cs.ualberta.ca/pub/joe/Preprints/xoveriso.ps.Z Joe Culberson, Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, CA. Net: <joe@cs.ualberta.ca> GPEIST: The GENETIC PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT in Smalltalk (GPEIST) provides a framework for the investigation of Genetic Programming within a ParcPlace VisualWorks 2.0 development system. GPEIST provides program, POPULATION, chart and report browsers and can be run on HP/Sun/PC (OS/2 and Windows) machines. It is possible to distribute the experiment across several workstations - with subpopulation exchange at intervals - in this release 4.0a. Experiments, populations and INDIVIDUAL genetic programs can be saved to disk for subsequent analysis and experimental statistical measures exchanged with spreadsheets. Postscript printing of charts, programs and animations is supported. An implementation of the Ant Trail problem is provided as an example of the use of the GPEIST environment. GPEIST is available from ENCORE (see Q15.3) in file: EC/GP/src/GPEIST4.tar.gz Contact: Tony White, Bell-Northern Research Ltd., Computer Research Lab - Gateway, 320 March Road, Suite 400, Kanata, Ontario, Canada, K2K 2E3. tel: (613) 765-4279 <arpw@bnr.ca> Imogene: Imogene is a Windows 3.1 shareware program which generates pretty images using GENETIC PROGRAMMING. The program displays GENERATIONs of 9 images, each generated using a formula applied to each pixel. (The formulae are initially randomly computed). You can then select those images you prefer. In the next generation, the nine images are generated by combining and mutating the formulae for the most- preferred images in the previous generation. The result is a SIMULATION of natural SELECTION in which images evolve toward your aesthetic preferences. Imogene supports different color maps, palette animation, saving images to .BMP files, changing the wallpaper to nice images, printing images, and several other features. Imogene works only in 256 color mode and requires a floating point coprocessor and a 386 or better CPU. Imogene is based on work originally done by Karl Sims at (ex-)Thinking Machines for the CM-2 massively parallel computer - but you can use it on your PC. You can get Imogene from: http://www.aracnet.com/~wwir/software.html Contact: Harley Davis, ILOG S.A., 2 Avenue Gallini, BP 85, 94253 Gentilly Cedex, France. tel: +33 1 46 63 66 66 <davis@ilog.fr> JAG: This Java program implements a simple GENETIC ALGORITHM where the FITNESS function takes non-negative values only. It employs ELITISM. The Java code was derived from the C code in the Appendix of Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs, [MICHALE94]. Other ideas and code were drawn from GAC by Bill Spears. Four sample problems are contained in the code: three with bit GENEs and one with double genes. To use this program, modify the class MyChromosome to include your problem, which you have coded in some class, say YourChromosome. All changes to the sGA.java file to run your problem are confined to your class YourChromosome. This is what object-oriented programming is all about! The sGA.java source code file has a big comment at the end containing some sample runs. Available by FTP from ftp.mcs.drexel.edu/pub/shartley/simpleGA.tar.gz . Further information from Stephen J. Hartley <shartley@mcs.drexel.edu>, http://www.mcs.drexel.edu/~shartley . Drexel University, Math and Computer Science Department Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. +1-215-895-2678 LibGA: LibGA is a library of routines written in C for developing GENETIC ALGORITHMs. It is fairly simple to use, with many knobs to turn. Most GA parameters can be set or changed via a configuration file, with no need to recompile. (E.g., operators, pool size and even the data type used in the CHROMOSOME can be changed in the configuration file.) Function pointers are used for the GENETIC OPERATORs, so they can easily be manipulated on the fly. Several genetic operators are supplied and it is easy to add more. LibGA runs on many systems/architectures. These include Unix, DOS, NeXT, and Amiga. LibGA Version 1.00 is available by FTP from ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil/pub/galist/src/ga/libga100.tar.Z or by email request to its author, Art Corcoran <corcoran@penguin.mcs.utulsa.edu> (Unverified 8/94). LICE: LICE is a parameter OPTIMIZATION program based on EVOLUTION STRATEGIEs (ES). In contrast to classic ES, LICE has a local SELECTION scheme to prevent premature stagnation. Details and results were presented at the EP'94 conference in San Diego. LICE is written in ANSI-C (more or less), and has been tested on Sparc-stations and Linux-PCs. If you want plots and graphics, you need X11 and gnuplot. If you want a nice user interface to create parameter files, you also need Tk/Tcl. LICE-1.0 is available as source code by FTP from lumpi.informatik.uni-dortmund.de/pub/ES/src/LICE-1.0.tar.gz Author: Joachim Sprave <joe@ls11.informatik.uni-dortmund.de> Matlab-GA: The MathWorks FTP site has some Matlab GA code in the directory ftp.mathworks.com/pub/contrib/v4/optim/genetic It's a bunch of .m files that implement a basic GA. Contact: Andrew Potvin, <potvin@mathworks.com> for information. mGA: mGA is an implementation of a messy GA as described in TCGA report No. 90004. Messy GAs overcome the linkage problem of simple GENETIC ALGORITHMs by combining variable-length strings, GENE expression, messy operators, and a nonhomogeneous phasing of evolutionary processing. Results on a number of difficult deceptive test functions have been encouraging with the messy GA always finding global optima in a polynomial number of function evaluations. See TCGA reports 89003, 90005, 90006, and 91004, and IlliGAL report 91008 for more information on messy GAs (See Q14). The C language version is available by FTP from IlliGAL in the directory gal4.ge.uiuc.edu/pub/src/messyGA/C/ Contact: Dave Goldberg <goldberg@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu> PARAGenesis: PARAGenesis is the result of a project implementing Genesis on the CM-200 in C*. It is an attempt to improve PERFORMANCE as much as possible without changing the behavior of the GENETIC ALGORITHM. Unlike the punctuated equilibria and local SELECTION models, PARAGenesis doesn't modify the genetic algorithm to be more parallelizable as these modifications can drastically alter the behavior of the algorithm. Instead each member is placed on a separate processor allowing initialization, evaluation and MUTATION to be completely parallel. The costs of global control and communication in selection and CROSSOVER are present but minimized as much as possible. In general PARAGenesis on an 8k CM-200 seems to run 10-100 times faster than Genesis on a Sparc 2 and finds equivalent solutions. PARAGenesis includes all the features of serial Genesis plus some additions. The additions include the ability to collect timing STATISTICS, probabilistic selection (as opposed to Baker's stochastic universal sampling), uniform crossover and local or neighborhood selection. Anyone familiar with the serial implementation of Genesis and C* should have little problem using PARAGenesis. PARAGenesis is available by FTP from ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil/pub/galist/src/ga/paragenesis.tar.Z DISCLAIMER: PARAGenesis is fairly untested at this point and may contain some bugs. Michael van Lent, Advanced Technology Lab, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Av., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Net: <vanlent@eecs.umich.edu>. PGA: PGA is a simple testbed for basic explorations in GENETIC ALGORITHMs. Command line arguments control a range of parameters, there are a number of built-in problems for the GA to solve. The current set includes: o maximize the number of bits set in a CHROMOSOME o De Jong's functions DJ1, DJ2, DJ3, DJ5 o binary F6, used by Schaffer et al o a crude 1-d knapsack problem; you specify a target and a set of numbers in an external file, GA tries to find a subset that sums as closely as possible to the target o the `royal road' function(s); a chromosome is regarded as a set of consecutive blocks of size K, and scores K for each block entirely filled with 1s, etc; a range of parameters. o max contiguous bits, you choose the ALLELE range. o timetabling, with various smart MUTATION options; capable of solving a good many real-world timetabling problems (has done so) Lots of GA options: rank, roulette, tournament, marriage-tournament, spatially-structured SELECTION; one-point, two-point, uniform or no CROSSOVER; fixed or adaptive mutation; one child or two; etc. Default output is curses-based, with optional output to file; can be run non-interactively too for batched series of experiments. It's easy to add your own problems. Chromosomes are represented as character arrays, so you are not (quite) stuck with bit-string problem encodings. PGA has been used for teaching for a couple of years now, and has been used as a starting point by a fair number of people for their own projects. So it's reasonably reliable. However, if you find bugs, or have useful contributions to make, Tell Me! It is available by FTP from ftp.dai.ed.ac.uk/pub/pga/pga-3.1.tar.gz (see the file pga.README in the same directory for more information) Peter Ross, Department of AI, University of Edinburgh, 80 South Bridge, Edinburgh EH1 1HN, UK. Net: <peter@aisb.ed.ac.uk> PGAPack: PGAPack is a general-purpose, data-structure-neutral parallel GENETIC ALGORITHM library. It is intended to provide most capabilities desired in a genetic algorithm library, in an integrated, seamless, and portable manner. Features include: o Callable from Fortran or C. o Runs on uniprocessors, parallel computers, and workstation networks. o Binary-, integer-, and real- and character-valued native data types o Full extensibility to support custom operators and new data types. o Easy-to-use interface for novice and application users. o Multiple levels of access for expert users. o Extensive debugging facilities. o Large set of example problems. o Detailed users guide o Parameterized POPULATION replacement. o Multiple choices for SELECTION, CROSSOVER, and MUTATION operators o Easy integration of hill-climbing heuristics. Availability: PGAPack is freely available and may be obtained by FTP from info.mcs.anl.gov/pub/pgapack/pgapack.tar.Z or from http://www.mcs.anl.gov/pgapack.html Further Information from David Levine, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, (708)-252-6735 <levine@mcs.anl.gov> http://www.mcs.anl.gov/home/levine REGAL: REGAL (RElational Genetic Algorithm Learner) is a distributed GA- based system, designed for learning multi-modal First Order Logic concept descriptions from examples. REGAL is based on a SELECTION operator, called Universal Suffrage operator, provably allowing the POPULATION to asymptotically converge, on average, to an equilibrium state, in which several SPECIES coexist. REGAL makes use of PVM 3.3 and Tcl/Tk. This version of REGAL is provided with a graphical user interface developed in Tcl/Tk language. REGAL has been jointly developed by: Attilio Giordana <attilio@di.unito.it> http://www.di.unito.it/~attilio/ and Filippo Neri <neri@di.unito.it> http://www.di.unito.it/~neri/ at the University of Torino, Dipartimento di Informatica, Italy. See also: Neri F. and Giordana A. (1995). "A Distributed Genetic Algorithm for Concept Learning", Proc. Int. Conf. on Genetic Algorithms (Pittsburgh, PA), Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 436-443. Neri F. and Saitta L. (1995). "A Formal Analysis of Selection Schemes". Proc. Int. Conf. on Genetic Algorithms (Pittsburgh,PA), Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 32-39 . Giordana A. and Neri F. (1996). "Search-Intensive Concept Induction". Evolutionary Computation Journal, MIT Press, vol. 3, n. 4, pp. 375 - 416. Neri F. and Saitta L. (1997). "An Analysis of the Universal Suffrage Selection Operator". Evolutionary Computation Journal, MIT Press, vol. 4, n. 1, pp. 89-109. SGA-C, SGA-Cube: SGA-C is a C-language translation and extension of the original Pascal SGA code presented in Goldberg's book [GOLD89]. It has some additional features, but its operation is essentially the same as that of the Pascal version. SGA-C is described in TCGA report No. 91002. SGA-Cube is a C-language translation of Goldberg's SGA code with modifications to allow execution on the nCUBE 2 Hypercube Parallel Computer. When run on the nCUBE 2, SGA-Cube can take advantage of the hypercube architecture, and is scalable to any hypercube dimension. The hypercube implementation is modular, so that the algorithm for exploiting parallel processors can be easily modified. In addition to its parallel capabilities, SGA-Cube can be compiled on various serial computers via compile-time options. In fact, when compiled on a serial computer, SGA-Cube is essentially identical to SGA-C. SGA-Cube is described in TCGA report No. 91005. Each of these programs is distributed in the form of a Unix shar file, available via e-mail or on various formatted media by request from: Robert Elliott Smith, Department of Engineering of Mechanics, Room 210 Hardaway Hall,, The University of Alabama P.O. Box 870278, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA. Net: <rob@comec4.mh.ua.edu> SGA-C and SGA-Cube are also available in compressed tar form by FTP from ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil/pub/galist/src/ga/sga-c.tar.Z and sga- cube.tar.Z . Splicer: Splicer is a GENETIC ALGORITHM tool created by the Software Technology Branch (STB) of the Information Systems Directorate at NASA/Johnson Space Center with support from the MITRE Corporation. Splicer has well-defined interfaces between a GA kernel, representation libraries, FITNESS modules, and user interface libraries. The representation libraries contain functions for defining, creating, and decoding genetic strings, as well as multiple CROSSOVER and MUTATION operators. Libraries supporting binary strings and permutations are provided, others can be created by the user. Fitness modules are typically written by the user, although some sample applications are provided. The modules may contain a fitness function, initial values for various control parameters, and a function which graphically displays the best solutions. Splicer provides event-driven graphic user interface libraries for the Macintosh and the X11 window system (using the HP widget set); a menu-driven ASCII interface is also available though not fully supported. The extensive documentation includes a reference manual and a user's manual; an architecture manual and the advanced programmer's manual are currently being written. An electronic bulletin board (300/1200/2400 baud, 8N1) with information regarding Splicer can be reached at (713) 280-3896 or (713) 280-3892. Splicer is available free to NASA and its contractors for use on government projects by calling the STB Help Desk weekdays 9am-4pm CST at (713) 280-2233. Government contractors should have their contract monitor call the STB Help Desk; others may purchase Splicer for $221 (incl. documentation) from: COSMIC, 382 E. Broad St., Athens, GA 30602, USA. (Unverified 8/94). Last known address <bayer@galileo.jsc.nasa.gov> (Steve Bayer). This now bounces back with "user unknown". TOLKIEN: TOLKIEN (TOoLKIt for gENetics-based applications) is a C++ class library, intended for those involved in GAs and CLASSIFIER SYSTEM research with a working knowledge of C++. It is designed to reduce effort in developing genetics-based applications by providing a collection of reusable objects. For portability, no compiler specific or class library specific features are used. The current version has been compiled successfully using Borland C++ Version 3.1 and GNU C++. TOLKIEN contains a lot of useful extensions to the generic GENETIC ALGORITHM and classifier system architecture. Examples include: (i) CHROMOSOMEs of user-definable types; binary, character, integer and floating point; (ii) Gray code encoding and decoding; (iii) multi- point and uniform CROSSOVER; (iv) diploidy and dominance; (v) various SELECTION schemes such as tournament selection and linear ranking; (vi) linear FITNESS scaling and sigma truncation; (vii) the simplest one-taxon-one-action classifiers and the general two-taxa-one-action classifiers. TOLKIEN is available from ENCORE (See Q15.3) in file: GA/src/TOLKIEN.tar.gz The documentation and two primers on how to build GA and CFS applications alone are available as: GA/docs/tolkien-doc.tar.gz Author: Anthony Yiu-Cheung Tang <tang028@cs.cuhk.hk>, Department of Computer Science (Rm 913), The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Tel: 609-8403, 609-8404. Trans-Dimensional Learning: This is a Windows 3.1 artificial neural netwrk and GA program (shareware). TDL allows users to perform pattern recognition by utilizing software that allows for fast, automatic construction of Neural Networks, mostly alleviating the need for parameter tuning. Evolutionary processes combined with semi-weighted networks (hybrid cross between standard weighted neurons and weightless n-level threshold units) generally yield very compact networks (i.e., reduced connections and hidden units). By supporting multi-shot learning over standard one-shot learning, multiple data sets (characterized by varying input and output dimensions) can be learned incrementally, resulting in a single coherent network. This can also lead to significant improvements in predictive accuracy (Trans-dimensional generalization). Graphical support and several data files are also provided. Available on the WWW from: http://pages.prodigy.com/upso For further details contact: <upso@prodigy.com> WOLF: This is a simulator for the G/SPLINES (genetic spline models) algorithm which builds spline-based functional models of experimental data, using CROSSOVER and MUTATION to evolve a POPULATION towards a better fit. It is derived from Friedman's MARS models. The original work was presented at ICGA-4, and further results including additional basis function types such as B-splines have been presented at the NIPS-91 meeting. This program used to be available free by FTP from riacs.edu/pub/wolf-4.0.tar.Z (However this machine no longer allows anonymous ftp access, so you wont be able to get it from there any more. If anyone knows anywhere this code is freely available from, let us know. Ed.) Runs on SUN (and possibly any SYSV) UNIX box. Can be redistributed for noncommercial use. Simulator includes executable and C source code; a technical report (RIACS tech report 91.10) is also available. David Rogers, MS Ellis, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. Net: <drogers@msi.com> (Note - this address may be XGenetic: XGenetic is an ActiveX control for the implementation of a GENETIC ALGORITHM in any language that accepts ActiveX interfaces. Such languages include, but are not limited to: Visual Basic, Visual C++, Delphi, etc. Written in Visual Basic 6.0, XGenetic is flexible in implementation to allow the user to easily define the parameters for their particular scenario, be it forecasting, scheduling, or the myriad of other uses for the genetic algorithm. Features: ( ** indicates registered version only) o Data Types: Bit, Integer, Real o Selection Operators: Roulette, Tournament **, Stochastic Universal Sampling **, Truncation **, Random ** o Crossover Operators: N-Point (1 point, 2 point, 3 point, etc), Uniform **, Arithmetic ** o Mutation Operators: Uniform, Boundary ** There are two versions of the software available. The shareware version of the product is available freely off the net(address below). It includes the program file(xgen.ocx) and documentation(including a sample program) in three formats. The registered version is available from the author directly for a registration fee of $50. Commercial licences may be negotiated with the author. The shareware version may be downloaded from: http://www.winsite.com/info/pc/win95/demo/xgen-sw.zip For further information, contact the author, Jeff Goslin, by email: <autockr@ix.netcom.com>, or by snail-mail: 27842 Flanders Ave, Warren MI 48093, USA. CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS CFS-C: CFS-C 1.0 is a domain independent collection of CLASSIFIER SYSTEM routines written by Rick L. Riolo <rlr@merit.edu> as part of his PhD dissertation. A completely rewritten CFS-C is planned for 1994/95; this may include the features of CFS-C 2.0 mentioned in [SAB90] (e.g. "latent learning") or they may be included in a separate package released in 1995. An ANSIfied version of CFS-C 1.0 (CFS-C 1.98j) is available by FTP. CFS-C is available from ENCORE (See Q15.3) in file: CFS/src/cfsc-1.98j.tar.gz and includes the original 1.02 CFS-C in its "cfsc/orig" folder after unpacking. On the "SyS" FTP server its: lumpi.informatik.uni-dortmund.de/pub/LCS/src/cfsc-1.98j.tar.gz with documentation in /pub/LCS/docs/cfsc.ps.gz Another version of CFS-C (version XV 0.1) by Jens Engel <engel@asterix.irb.uni-hannover.de> is also available. This includes bug fixes of earlier versions, allowing it to run on a wider range of machines (e.g. Linux and nCUBE). It also has an XView front end that makes it easier to control, and some extensions to the algorithms. It is available from Encore in file: CFS/src/cfscxv-0.1.tar.gz with documentation in CFS/docs/cfscxv-0.1.readme.gz References Rick L. Riolo (1988) "CFS-C: A package of domain independent subroutines for implementing classifier systems in arbitrary, user- defined environments", Logic of computers group, Division of computer science and engineering, University of Michigan. Rick L. Riolo (1988) "LETSEQ: An implementation of the CFS-C classifier-system in a task-domain that involves learning to predict letter sequences", Logic of computers group, Division of computer science and engineering, University of Michigan. Rick L. Riolo (1988) "CFS-C/FSW1: An implementation of the CFS-C classifier system in a task domain that involves learning to traverse a finite state world", Logic of computers group, Division of computer science and engineering, University of Michigan. SCS-C: SCS-C is a (`mostly ANSI') C language translation and extension of Goldberg's Simple CLASSIFIER SYSTEM, as presented in Appendix D in his seminal book [GOLD89]. SCS-C has been developed in parallel on a Sun 10/40 and an ATARI ST, and thus should be quite portable; it's distributed free of charge under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Included are some additional goodies, e.g. the VAX/VMS version of SCS, rewritten in C by Erik Mayer <emayer@uoft02.utoledo.edu>. SCS-C v1.0j is available from ENCORE (See Q15.3), by FTP in file EC/CFS/src/scsc-1.0j.tar.gz For more information contact: Joerg Heitkoetter, UUnet Deutschland GmbH, Techo-Park, Emil-Figge-Str. 80, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. Net: <joke@de.uu.net>. ------------------------------ Subject: Q20.2: Commercial software packages? ActiveGA: ActiveGA is an activeX (OLE) control that uses a GENETIC ALGORITHM to find a solution for a given problem. For example, you can insert an ActiveGA control into Microsoft Excel 97 and have it optimize your worksheet. Features include: o OPTIMIZATION Mode: Minimize, Maximize or Closest To o SELECTION Mode: Tournament, Roulette Wheel o User defined POPULATION size, MUTATION rate and other parameters o Event driven, cancelable iteration o Invisible at run time o Excel 97, Visual Basic, Visual C++ samples Various samples are available for free download. For these and further information, see http://www.brightsoft.com/products/activega.htm or contact Brightwater Software <support@brightsoft.com>. For a limited time the ActiveGA costs $99 per developer. ActiveGA has no run time royalties. EnGENEer: Logica Cambridge Ltd. developed EnGENEer as an in-house GENETIC ALGORITHM environment to assist the development of GA applications on a wide range of domains. The software was written in C and runs under Unix as part of a consultancy and systems package. It supports both interactive (X-Windows) and batch (command-line) modes of operation. EnGENEer provides a number of flexible mechanisms which allow the developer to rapidly bring the power of GAs to bear on new problem domains. Starting with the Genetic Description Language, the developer can describe, at high level, the structure of the ``genetic material'' used. The language supports discrete GENEs with user defined cardinality and includes features such as multiple CHROMOSOMEs models, multiple SPECIES models and non-evolvable parsing symbols which can be used for decoding complex genetic material. The user also has available a descriptive high level language, the Evolutionary Model Language. It allows the description of the GA type used in terms of configurable options including: POPULATION size, population structure and source, SELECTION method, CROSSOVER and MUTATION type and probability, INVERSION, dispersal method, and number of OFFSPRING per GENERATION. Both the Genetic Description Language and the Evolutionary Model Language are fully supported within the interactive interface (including online help system) and can be defined either "on the fly" or loaded from audit files which are automatically created during a GA run. Monitoring of GA progress is provided via both graphical tools and automatic storage of results (at user defined intervals). This allows the user to restart EnGENEer from any point in a run, by loading both the population at that time and the evolutionary model that was being used. Connecting EnGENEer to different problem domains is achieved by specifying the name of the program used to evaluate the problem specific FITNESS function and constructing a simple parsing routine to interpret the genetic material. A library of standard interpretation routines are also provided for commonly used representation schemes such as gray-coding, permutations, etc. The fitness evaluation can then be run as either a slave process to the GA or via a standard handshaking routines. Better still, it can be run on either the machine hosting the EnGENEer or on any sequential or parallel hardware capable of connecting to a Unix machine. For more information, contact: George Robbins, Systems Intelligence Division, Logica Cambridge Ltd., Betjeman House, 104 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1LQ, UK. Tel: +44 1716 379111, Fax: +44 1223 322315 (Unverified 8/94). EvoFrame: EvoFrame is to EVOLUTION STRATEGIEs what MicroGA is to GENETIC ALGORITHMs, a toolkit for application development incorporating ESs as the OPTIMIZATION engine. EvoFrame is an object oriented implemented programming tool for evolution strategies (Rechenberg/Schwefel, Germany) for easy implementation and solution of numerical and combinatorical problems. EvoFrame gives you freedom of implementing every byte of the optimization principle and its user interface. You can focus on the optimization problem and forget about all the rest. EvoFrame is available as Version 2.0 in Borland-Pascal 7.0 and Turbo- Vision for PC's and as Version 1.0 in C++ for Apple Macintosh using MPW and MacApp. Both implementations allow full typed implementation, i.e. no more translation from problem specific format to an optimization specific one. A prototyping tool (cf REALizer) exists for both platforms too. EvoFrame allows pseudoparallel optimization of many problems at once and you can switch optimization parameters and internal methods (i.e. quality function etc.) during runtime and during optimization cycle. Both tools can be modified or extended by overloading existing methods for experimental use. They are developed continously in correlation to new research results. The PC version is prepared for experimental use due to a comprehensive protocolling mechanism of optimzation cycles and user data. It also allows compilation of executable files with different complexity by setting conditional compilation flags. It can be used with 3 levels of stacked POPULATIONs. The Mac version is the more complex (recursive) implementation. It allows stacking of any number of populations for modelling of complex systems. Theory stops at multipopulation level at the time. EvoFrame for Mac is ready for the future, allowing any number of population levels. Ask for porting the Mac version (C++) to any other platform, i.e. X Windows. REALizer is a tool for rapid prototyping of EvoFrame applications. It's an override of the corresponding framework which is prepared to optimize using a vector of real numbers. All methods for standard EVOLUTION and file handling, etc. are ready implemented. The remaining work for the user is to define a constant for the problem size, fill in the quality function and start the optimization process. For further information, current prices and orders, contact: Wolfram Stebel, Optimum Software, Braunfelser Str. 26, 35578 Wetzlar, Germany. Net: <optimum@applelink.apple.com> Evolver: Evolver is a GENETIC ALGORITHM package for Windows. Beginners can use the Excel add-in to model and solve problems from within Excel. Advanced users can use the included Evolver API to build custom applications that access any of the six different genetic algorithms. Evolver can be customized and users can monitor progress in real-time graphs, or change parameters through the included EvolverWatcher program. The package costs $349 (or UKP350), comes on two 3.5" disks, and includes support for Visual Basic. For further information or to order, contact: Palisade Corp, (607) 277-8000 http://www.palisade.com or Palisade Europe <sales@palisade- europe.com>, Tel +44 1752 204310 http://www.palisade-europe.com FlexTool: FlexTool(GA) is a modular software tool which provides an ENVIRONMENT for applying GA to diverse domains with minimum user interaction and design iteration. Version M2.2 is the MATLAB version which provides a total GA based design and development environment in MATLAB. MATLAB provides us with an interactive computation intensive environment. The high level, user friendly programming language combined with built-in functions to handle matrix algebra, Fourier series, and complex valued functions provides the power for large scale number crunching. The GA objects are provided as .m files. FlexTool(GA) Version M2.2 is designed with emphasis on modularity, flexibility, user friendliness, environment transparency, upgradability, and reliability. The design is engineered to evolve complex, robust models by drawing on the power of MATLAB. FlexTool(GA) Version M2.2 Features: BUILDING BLOCK : Upgrade to EFM or ENM or CI within one year Niching module : to identify multiple solutions Clustering module : Use separately or with Niching module Optimization : Single and Multiple Objectives Flex-GA : Very fast proprietary learning algorithm GA : Modular, User Friendly, and System Transparent GUI : Easy to use, user friendly Help : Online Tutorial : Hands-on tutorial, application guidelines Parameter Settings : Default parameter settings for the novice General : Statistics, figures, and data collection Compatibility : FlexTool product suite GA options : generational, steady state, micro, Flex-GA Coding schemes : include binary, logarithmic, real Selection : tournament, roulette wheel, ranking Crossover : include 1, 2, multiple point crossover Compatible to : FlexTool(GA) M1.1 Genetic Algorithms Toolbox The FlexTool product suite includes various soft computing BUILDING BLOCKs: CI: Computational Intelligence http://www.flextool.com/ftci.html EFM: Evolutionary Fuzzy Modeling http://www.flextool.com/ftefm.html ENM: Evolutionary Neuro Modeling http://www.flextool.com/ftenm.html FS : Fuzzy Systems http://www.flextool.com/ftfs.html EA : EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMs http://www.flextool.com/ftga.html NN : Neural Networks http://www.flextool.com/ftnn.html For information contact <info@flextool.com> http://www.flextool.com GAME: GAME (GA Manipulation Environment) aims to demonstrate GA applications and build a suitable programming ENVIRONMENT. GAME is being developed as part of the PAPAGENA project of the European Community's Esprit III initiative. GAME is available as an addendum to a book on PGAs (cf PAPAGENA, Q20.3). And from the project's FTP server bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk/papagena/ e.g. "papagena/game/docs" contains all the papers that have been produced over the course of the GAME project. The sources can also be obtained by FTP see papagena/game/version2.01/ GAME is now in version 2.01. This version is still able to run only sequential GAs, but version 3.0 will handle parallel GAs as well. Unfortunately, The project yet only produced a Borland C++ 3.x version, so far. It is intended to distribute a version for UNIX/GNU C++ as well, when some compatibility issues concerning C++ "standards" have been resolved. Afterward a UNIX version will be released, but this will be only happen after the release of PC version 3.0. For more information contact: Jose Luiz Ribeiro Filho, Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Net: <zeluiz@cs.ucl.ac.uk> (Unverified 8/94). GeneHunter: GeneHunter from Ward Systems runs on a PC under Windows. It is callable from Microsoft Excel 5 spreadsheets, and accessible via function calls in a dynamic link library. The DLL is designed especially for Visual Basic, but runs with other languages which call DLLs under Windows 3.1 such as Visual C++. 16- and 32-bit versions are available. GeneHunter can also integrate with Ward's neural network software. Cost $369. For full details, see http://www.wardsystems.com/ or contact: Ward Systems Group Inc, Executive Park West, 5 Hillcrest Drive, Frederick, MD 21703, USA. 301-662-7950 <wardsystems@msn.com> Generator: GENERATOR is a GENETIC ALGORITHM package designed to interact with Microsoft Excel for Windows. Users are able to define and solve problems using Excel formulas, tables and functions. FITNESS is easily defined as an Excel formula or optionally a macro. Progress can be monitored using GENERATOR's real-time fitness graph and status window as well as user-defined Excel graphs. GENERATOR can be paused at any time to allow adjustment of any of the parameters and then resumed. GENERATOR Features: o Multiple GENE types: integer, real and permutation. o Combined roulette-wheel and elitist SELECTION method. o ELITISM is optional and adjustable. o None, two-point, and a proprietary permutation CROSSOVER. o Random, Random Hillclimb and Directional Hillclimb MUTATION methods. o Special hillclimbing features to find solutions faster. o fitness goal: maximize, minimize or seek value. o Convergence: duplicates not allowed. o Real-Time alteration of parameters relating to crossover, mutation, POPULATION, etc. o Real-Time progress graph of Best, Worst and Median fitness. o fitness defined using an Excel formula or macro. The parameters available to the user include mutation probability for population and genes, control of mutation limit per gene, control of hillclimbing, population size, elite group size, RECOMBINATION method, and mutation technique. Connecting generator to problems defined on the Excel spreadsheet is achieved by first specifying the spreadsheet locations of the gene group cells and their type, and lastly, the location of the formula used to evaluate the problem-specific fitness function. GENERATOR requires at least a 386 IBM compatible PC with 2 MB of RAM, Windows 3.0 (or later) and Microsoft Excel 4.0 (or later). A comprehensive manual includes an explanation of genetic algorithms and several tutorial example problems. The $379 package.includes GENERATOR on a 3.5" diskette, the manual, and free customer support. For further information or to order, contact: New Light Industries, Ltd.; 9713 W. Sunset Hwy; Spokane, WA USA 99204 Tel: (509) 456-8321; Fax (509) 456-8351; E-mail: <nli@comtch.iea.com> WWW page: http://www.iea.com/~nli Genetic Server and Genetic Library: Genetic Server and Genetic Library are tools that allow programmers to embed GENETIC ALGORITHMs into their own applications. Both products provide a flexible yet intuitive API for genetic algorithm design. Genetic Server is an ActiveX component designed to be used within a Visual Basic (or VBA) application and Genetic Library is a C++ library designed to be used within a Visual C++ application. There are no royalties for distributing applications built using Genetic Server or Genetic Library. Features include: o Data types: Binary, Integer, and Real o Progression types: Generational, Steady State o SELECTION operators: Roulette (FITNESS or Rank), Tournament, Top Percent, Best, and Random o CROSSOVER operators: One Point, Two Point, Uniform, Arithmetic, and Heuristic o MUTATION operators: Flip Bit, Boundary, Non-Uniform, Uniform, and Gaussian o Termination Methods: GENERATION Number, EVOLUTION Time, Fitness Threshold, Fitness Convergence, POPULATION Convergence, and GENE Convergence o User-defined selection, crossover, and mutation operators (Genetic Library only) For more information or to place an order, contact: NeuroDimension, Inc., 1800 N. Main Street, Suite #D4, Gainesville, FL 32609. Voice: (800) 634-3327, Fax: (352) 377-9009. Email: <info@nd.com> Web site: http://www.nd.com MicroGA: MicroGA is a powerful and flexible new tool which allows programmers to integrate GAs into their software quickly and easily. It is an object-oriented C++ framework that comes with full source code and documentation as well as three sample applications. Also included is the Galapagos code generator which allows users to create complete applications interactively without writing any C++ code, and a sample MacApp interface. MicroGA is available for Macintosh II or higher with MPW and a C++ compiler, and also in a Microsoft Windows version for PC compatibles. Compiled applications made with MicroGA can be sold without license fee. MicroGA is priced at $249. Galapagos is a tool for use with Emergent Behavior's MicroGA Toolkit. It allows a user to define a function and set of constraints for a problem that the user wants to solve using the GA. Galapagos then generates a complete C++ program using the information supplied. Then all the user has to do is to compile these files, using either Turbo/Borland C++ (PC, MS Windows), or MPW and C++ compiler (Macintosh), and link the resulting code to the MicroGA library. Then just run the program. Galapagos comes free with every copy of MicroGA. For further information and orders, contact: Steve Wilson, Emergent Behavior, 635 Wellsbury Way, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA. Net: <emergent@aol.com> MicroGA is distributed in Germany by Optimum Software (cf EvoFrame & REALizer entries). Omega: The Omega Predictive Modeling System, marketed by KiQ Limited, is a powerful approach to developing predictive models. It exploits advanced GA techniques to create a tool which is "flexible, powerful, informative and straightforward to use". Omega is geared to the financial domain, with applications in Direct Marketing, Insurance, Investigations and Credit Management. The ENVIRONMENT offers facilities for automatic handling of data; business, statistical or custom measures of PERFORMANCE, simple and complex profit modeling, validation sample tests, advanced confidence tests, real time graphics, and optional control over the internal GA. For further information, contact: KiQ, Business Modeling Systems Ltd., Easton Hall, Great Easton, Essex CM6 2HD, UK. Tel: +44 1371 870254 (Unverified 8/94). OOGA: OOGA (Object-Oriented GA) is a GENETIC ALGORITHM designed for industrial use. It includes examples accompanying the tutorial in the companion "Handbook of Genetic Algorithms". OOGA is designed such that each of the techniques employed by a GA is an object that may be modified, displayed or replaced in object-oriented fashion. OOGA is especially well-suited for individuals wishing to modify the basic GA techniques or tailor them to new domains. The buyer of OOGA also receives Genesis (see above). This release sports an improved user interface. OOGA and Genesis are available together on 3.5'' or 5.25'' disk for $60 ($52.50 inside North America) by order from: The Software Partnership (T.S.P.), P.O. Box 991, Melrose, MA 02176, USA. Tel: +1 617 662 8991 (Unverified 8/94). OptiGA: optiGA for VB is an ActiveX control (OCX) for the implementation of GENETIC ALGORITHMs. It is described by the author, Elad Salomons, as follows: No matter what the nature of your OPTIMIZATION problem might be, optiGA is a generic control that will perform the genetic run for you. With very little coding needed, you can be up and running in no time. Just define your variables (binary, real or integers), code the FITNESS function and you are set to go. On the other hand, you can override optiGA's default parameters and select from several of REPRODUCTION OPERATORs such as: SELECTION methods, CROSSOVER methods, MUTATION methods and many controlling parameters. If that isn't enough, optiGA can grow with you: Did you come up with a new crossover method and wanted to try it? Have you read the latest article about an interesting mutation method that you want to implement? No problem! Just use the "User Defined" crossover and mutation events and code them yourself. optiGA was written in "Visual Basic" and can be used with VB and all supporting ENVIRONMENTs. Visit optiGA's site for more information end an evaluation version at: http://www.optiwater.com/optiga.html PC-Beagle: PC-Beagle is a rule-finder program for PCs which examines a database of examples and uses machine-learning techniques to create a set of decision rules for classifying those examples, thus turning data into knowledge. The system contains six major components, one of which (HERB - the "Heuristic Evolutionary Rule Breeder") uses GA techniques to generate rules by natural SELECTION. PC-Beagle is available to educational users for 69 pounds sterling. Orders, payment or requests for information should be addressed to: Richard Forsyth, Pathway Research Ltd., 59 Cranbrook Rd., Bristol BS6 7BS, UK. Tel: +44 117 942 8692 (Unverified 8/94). XpertRule GenAsys: XpertRule GenAsys is an expert system shell with embedded GENETIC ALGORITHM marketed by Attar Software. Targeted to solve scheduling and design applications, this system combines the power of genetic algorithms in evolving solutions with the power of rule-based programming in analyzing the effectiveness of solutions. Rule-based programming can also be used to generate the initial POPULATION for the genetic algorithm and for post-optimization planning. Some examples of design and scheduling problems which can be solved by this system include: OPTIMIZATION of design parameters in electronic and avionic industries, route optimization in the distribution sector, production scheduling in manufacturing, etc. For further information, contact: Attar Software, Newlands Road, Leigh, Lancashire, UK. Tel: +44 1942 608844. <100116.1547@CompuServe.com> http://www.attar.com (confirmed 3/96). XYpe: XYpe (The GA Engine) is a commercial GA application and development package for the Apple Macintosh. Its standard user interface allows you to design CHROMOSOMEs, set attributes of the genetic engine and graphically display its progress. The development package provides a set of Think C libraries and include files for the design of new GA applications. XYpe supports adaptive operator weights and mixtures of alpha, binary, gray, ordering and real number codings. The price of $725 (in Massachusetts add 5% sales tax) plus $15 shipping and handling includes technical support and three documentation manuals. XYpe requires a Macintosh SE or newer with 2MB RAM running OS V6.0.4 or greater, and Think C if using the development package. Currently the GA engine is working; the user interface will be completed on demand. Interested parties should contact: Ed Swartz, Virtual Image, Inc., 75 Sandy Pond Road #11, Ayer, MA 01432, USA. Tel: +1 (508) 772-4225 (Unverified 8/94). ------------------------------ Subject: Q20.3: Current research projects? PAPAGENA: The European ESPRIT III project PAPAGENA is pleased to announce the availability of the following book and software: Parallel Genetic Algorithms: Theory and Applications was recently published by IOS press. The book, edited by Joachim Stender, provides an overview of the theoretical, as well as practical, aspects involved in the study and implementation of parallel GENETIC ALGORITHMs (PGAs). The book comes with a floppy disk version of GAME (Genetic Algorithm Manipulation Environment). For more information see the section on GAME in Q20.2. PeGAsuS: PeGAsuS is a general programming environment for evolutionary algorithms. developed at the German National Research Center for Computer Science. Written in ANSI-C, it runs on MIMD parallel machines, such as transputers, and distributed systems, as well as serial machines. The Library contains GENETIC OPERATORs, a collection of FITNESS functions, and input/output and control procedures. It provides the user with a number of validated modules. Currently, PeGAsuS can be compiled with the GNU C, RS/6000 C, ACE-C, and Alliant's FX/2800 C compilers. It runs on SUNs and RS/6000 workstations, as well as on the Alliant FX/28. PeGAsuS is not available to the public. For more information contact: Dirk Schlierkamp-Voosen, Research Group for Adative Systems, German National Research Center for Computer Science, 53731 Sankt Augustin, Germany. Net: <dirk.schlierkamp- voosen@gmd.de> ------------------------------ Copyright (c) 1993-2000 by J. Heitkoetter and D. Beasley, all rights reserved. This FAQ may be posted to any USENET newsgroup, on-line service, or BBS as long as it is posted in its entirety and includes this copyright statement. This FAQ may not be distributed for financial gain. This FAQ may not be included in commercial collections or compilations without express permission from the author. End of ai-faq/genetic/part5 *************************** --