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- Subject: Artificial Intelligence FAQ:4/6 Bibliography [Monthly posting]
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- Summary: Bibliography of AI introductory texts, overviews and references
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- ;;; ****************************************************************
- ;;; Answers to Questions about Artificial Intelligence *************
- ;;; ****************************************************************
- ;;; Written by Ric Crabbe, Amit Dubey, and Mark Kantrowitz
- ;;; ai_4.faq
-
- This part of the AI FAQ provides a bibliography of good introductory
- texts, overviews of AI and specific subfields of AI, and some
- important papers in those subfields. If you feel that there is a
- reference or set of references which should be added to this FAQ, or
- references which should be removed, please send email to
- crabbe@usna.edu or adubey@coli.uni-sb.de. When suggesting references
- to be included in a particular subfield, only suggest the best two or
- three references (or a particularly well-written overview). It is NOT
- the intention of this listing to be a comprehensive AI bibliography.
-
- Books suggested by their authors must present a strongly argued case.
-
- Part 4 (Bibliography):
- Bibliography of introductory texts, overviews and references
- Addresses and phone numbers for major AI publishers
-
- Outline:
- [4-0] General web repositories(was: Research Index (nee Citeceer))
- [4-1] AI in general (Introductions, Overviews)
- [4-2] Search and Game Playing
- [4-3] Knowledge Representation
- [4-4] Logic
- [4-5] Planning
- [4-6] Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- [4-7] Speech Recognition and Synthesis
- [4-8] Connectionism and Neural Nets
- [4-9] Machine Learning
- [4-10] Case-Based Reasoning
- [4-11] Genetic Algorithms
- [4-12] Production Systems, Expert Systems and Match Algorithms
- [4-13] Integrated AI Architectures
- [4-14] Fuzzy Logic
- [4-15] Artificial Life and Cellular Automata
- [4-16] Qualitative Physics and Model Based Reasoning
- [4-17] Task-specific Architectures for Problem Solving
- [4-18] Automated Deduction/Theorem Proving
- [4-19] Probabilistic Reasoning
- [4-20] Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Truth Maintenance Systems (TMS)
- [4-21] Robotics and Computer Vision
- [4-22] Animats and Autonomous Agents
- [4-23] Distributed AI
- [4-24] User/Agent Modeling
- [4-25] Philosophy of AI
- [4-26] Cyc
- [4-27] Constraint-based Scheduling
- [4-28] Music and AI
- [4-29] AI and Education
- [4-30] Blackboard Architectures
- [4-31] Temporal Reasoning and Modal Logic
- [4-32] Data Mining
- [4-33] Medicine/Biology/Bioinformatics
- [4-34] AI book publication announcements mailing list
- [4-35] Who are the major AI publishers?
- [4-36] How do I get a copy of the proceedings to conference <x>?
- [4-37] How do I get a copy of <x>'s PhD dissertation?
- [4-38] How do I get Tech Report X?
- [4-39] Videotapes and Magazines
-
- Search for [#] to get to question number # quickly.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-0] General web repositories(was: Research Index (nee Citeceer))
-
- http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cs
-
- "ResearchIndex is a scientific literature digital library that aims to
- improve the dissemination and feedback of scientific literature, and
- to provide improvements in functionality, usability, availability,
- cost, comprehensiveness, efficiency, and timeliness.
-
- Rather than creating just another digital library, ResearchIndex
- provides algorithms, techniques, and software that can be used in
- other digital libraries. ResearchIndex indexes Postscript and PDF
- research articles on the Web..."
-
- http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cs
-
- Research index (though most people still call it citeseer) is the
- currently best way to find published papers AND TRACK CITATIONS. It
- is so cool, it's in the FAQ twice. (now 3 times).
-
- ==================
-
- All of the AI Memos and Tech Reports from the MIT AI Lab, going back
- to 1959, can be found here:
- http://www.ai.mit.edu/publications/pubsDB/pubs.html . Great
- historical documents, plus everything new. Need Winograd's Thesis?
- There it is.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-1] AI in general (Introductions, Overviews)
-
- The lack of a review or the presence of a short review should not be
- interpreted as indicating anything about the quality of the text.
-
- Introductory texts:
-
- Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
- Approach, 2nd Ed.", Prentice Hall, 2003. 1080 pages, $84.00. [Uses
- intelligent agents as a unifying theme. Currently the most widely
- used textbook. Excellent depth, incredible breadth.]
-
- Thomas L. Dean, James Allen, John Aloimonons, "Artificial
- Intelligence: Theory and Practice", Benjamin/Cummings, 1994. 680
- pages, ISBN 0-8053-25476. [Lisp/Scheme/C++ code is available from
- http://yoda.cis.temple.edu:8080/books/dean]
-
- Matthew L. Ginsberg, "Essentials of AI", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, 1993, ISBN 1-55860-221-6, 430 pages, $49.95.
- [Topics include search, knowledge representation, logic,
- assumption-based truth maintenance, nonmonotonic reasoning,
- probability, frames, semantic nets, planning, learning, vision,
- natural language processing, and expert systems.]
-
- George Luger and William Stubblefield, "Artificial Intelligence:
- Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving", 2nd
- Edition, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1993.
- 720 pages, ISBN 0-8053-4780-1.
- [Includes algorithms implemented in Lisp and Prolog.]
-
- D. Poole, A. Mackworth and R. Goebel, "Computational Intelligence: A
- Logical Approach", Oxford University Press, 1998, 576 pages,
- ISBN 0-19-510270-3. [Prolog code and other resources are available from
- http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/poole/ci.html]
-
- Ian Pratt, "Artificial Intelligence", Macmillan, London, 1994. 280
- pages, ISBN 0-333-59755-9 ($35). [In-depth introduction to several
- AI topics, using inference as a central theme. As a result, omits
- topics like NLP, expert systems, vision, and robotics. Hence this
- book is a good themed introduction to a subset of AI, but is not
- suitable for a general purpose overview of AI.]
-
- Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, "Artificial Intelligence", 2nd edition,
- McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991. ISBN 0-07-052263-4. [Once one of the
- more popular introductory texts to AI, giving a very good general
- overview of most AI topics. In some places the book sacrifices
- depth for breadth, and a few more recent topics are neglected.
- Nevertheless this book provides an excellent foundation in areas
- central to AI. Source code is available from
- ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/user/ai/areas/bookcode/knight/.]
-
- Patrick Henry Winston, "Artificial Intelligence", Third Edition,
- Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1992, ISBN 0-201-53377-4.
- [A classic early AI text. This text is very much hands-on, with
- actual toy examples. Source code is in ftp.ai.mit.edu:/pub/ai3/.]
-
- Overviews and References:
-
- Raymond Kurzweil's "The Age of Intelligent Machines", MIT Press,
- 1990, 565 pages, ISBN 0-262-11121-7, $39.95. [General Introduction]
-
- Minsky, Marvin, "The Society of Mind", Simon and Schuster, New
- York, 1988. 339 pages, ISBN 0-67-160740-5 ($21.95).
-
- Gerhard Lakemeyer and Bernhard Nebel, "Exploring Artifical
- Intelligence in the New Millennium", Morgan Kaufmann, 2003.
- [highlights of the current state of AI as of the IJCAI2001
- conference. 13 papers by distinguished researchers in their
- fields.]
-
- Howard E. Shrobe, editor, "Exploring Artificial Intelligence",
- Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1988.
- (Survey talks from the AAAI 1986 and 1987 conferences.)
-
- Avron Barr and Edward A. Feigenbaum, "The Handbook of Artificial
- Intelligence", volumes 1-4, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1986.
-
- Alan Bundy, editor, "Catalogue of Artificial Intelligence
- Techniques", 3rd Edition, Springer Verlag, 1990, ISBN 0-387-52959-4,
- 179 pages, $29.50.
-
- Stan Gibilisco, editor, "The McGraw-Hill Illustrated Encyclopedia of
- Robotics and Artificial Intelligence", Tab Books, Blue Ridge Summit,
- PA, 1994. 512 pages, ISBN 0-07-023613-5 hardcover ($40), ISBN
- 0-07-023614-3 paper ($25). [This entry tentative -- I haven't seen a
- copy of the book yet.]
-
- Shapiro, Stuart C. (ed), "Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence",
- 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992. (1st ed, 1987)
-
- Sundermeyer, K., "Knowledge-Based Systems: Terminology and References",
- Wissenschaftverlag, 1991. ISBN 3-411-14941-8
-
- Bonnie Lynn Webber and Nils J. Nilsson, "Readings in Artificial
- Intelligence", Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1981.
-
- Glossaries and Dictionaries:
-
- Colin Beardon "Artificial Intelligence Terminology: a reference guide"
- John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1989, 283 pages. ISBN 0-7458-0718-6
-
- Dennis Mercadal, "Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence", Van
- Nostrand Reinhold, 1994. ISBN 0-442-00451-6, $36.95.
-
- Online Dictionary of Computing
- http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/
- Contains a glossary of computer science terminology with
- cross-references and links to related Internet resources.
-
- P610.8, "Draft Standard Glossary of Artificial Intelligence Terminology"
- referenced in "IEEE Std 610.12-1990, IEEE Standard Glossary of
- Software Technology, December 1990".
-
- Jerry M. Rosenberg, "Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence and
- Robotics", Wiley, New York, 1986, 203 pages.
-
- Raoul N. Smith, editor, "The Facts on File Dictionary of Artificial
- Intelligence", Facts on File, New York, 1989, 211 pages.
- ISBN 0-8160-1593-3.
-
- Ellen Thro, "The Artificial Intelligence Dictionary", Microtrend Books,
- San Marcos, CA, 1991, 407 pages, ISBN 0-915391-36-8.
-
- Applied AI:
-
- Hugh Cartwright <HCART@vax.ox.ac.uk>, "Applications of Artificial
- Intelligence in Chemistry" Oxford University Press, 1994. 92 pages,
- ISBN 0-19-855736-1.
- [An inexpensive text that is aimed at undergraduate and graduate
- students in engineering, physical and life sciences who have little or
- no prior knowledge of AI. It provides an overview of the use and
- potential of AI methods in the sciences.]
-
- AI for C People:
-
- Herbert Schildt, "Artificial Intelligence Using C", McGraw-Hill,
- 1987. 412 pages. ISBN 0-07-881255-0.
-
- Herbert Schildt, "Artificial Intelligence Using C++", McGraw-Hill.
-
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-2] Search, Game Playing and Video Game AI
-
- Search:
-
- Hermann Kaindl, "Minimaxing: Theory and Practice", AI Magazine,
- 9(3):69-76, Fall 1988.
-
- L. Kanal and V. Kumar, "Search in Artificial Intelligence",
- Springer-Verlag, 1988.
-
- Kirkpatrick, S. Gelatt, CD, and Vecchi, MP, "Optimization by Simulated
- Annealing", Science 220(4589):671-680, 1983.
-
- R. Korf, "Search: A survey of recent results" in Shrobe's Exploring
- Artificial Intelligence, pages 197-237, August 1990.
-
- Pearl, J. and Korf, R. E., "Search techniques", Annual Review of
- Computer Science, volume 2, J.F. Traub, B.J. Grosz, B.W. Lampson and
- N.J. Nilsson, editors, pages 451-467, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo
- Alto, CA, 1987.
-
- Pearl, J., "Heuristics: Intelligent Search Strategies for Computer
- Problem Solving", Addison-Wesley, 1984.
-
- Chris Thornton & Benedict du Boulay, "Artificial Intelligence
- Through Search" Kluwer Academic (Paperback version Intellect Books),
- Dordrecht Netherlands & Norwell, MA USA (Intellect at Oxford), 1992
-
- Game Playing:
-
- Richard Bartle, "Artificial Intelligence and Computer Games",
- Century Communications Ltd., UK, 1985. ISBN 0-7126-0661-0.
-
- Elwyn R. Berlekamp, John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, "Winning Ways,
- for Your Mathematical Plays", Academic Press, New York, 1982. Volume
- 1: Games in General (ISBN 0-12-091101-9). Volume 2: Games in
- Particular (ISBN 01-12-091102-7).
-
- Richard E. Korf, "Learning to solve problems by searching for
- macro-operators", Pitman, Boston, 1985. 147 pages, ISBN 0-273-08690-1.
- [Solution to Rubik's Cube, among other problems. This book is a
- revision of Korf's PhD thesis at CMU.]
-
- David Levy, "Computer Gamesmanship: Elements of Intelligent Game
- Design", Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-671-49532-1.
-
- David Levy, editor, "Computer Chess Compendium", Springer-Verlag,
- 1989. 440 pages, ISBN 0-387-91331-9 ($48).
-
- Richard Bartle, "Artificial Intelligence and Computer Games",
- Century Communications Ltd., UK, 1985. ISBN 0-7126-0661-0.
-
- Video Game AI:
-
- Steve Rabin, ed. "AI Game Programming Wisdom (with CD-ROM)",
- Charles River Media, Boston, 2002 ISBN: 1584500778
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-3] Knowledge Representation
-
- [Several papers in "Readings in Artificial Intelligence" are relevant,
- including S. Amarel "On Representations of Problems on Reasoning about
- Actions" and P.J. Hayes "The Frame Problem and Related Problems in AI".]
-
- Overviews/Surveys:
-
- Ronald J. Brachman, "The Future of Knowledge Representation", in
- Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial
- Intelligence, 1990.
-
- Hector J. Levesque, "Knowledge Representation and Reasoning",
- Annual Review of Computer Science 1:255-287, 1986.
-
- General Papers:
-
- Ronald J. Brachman, " ``I lied about the trees'', or, defaults and
- definitions in knowledge representation", AI Magazine 6(3):80-93, 1985.
-
- Brachman, Ronald J. and Levesque, Hector J., editors,
- "Readings in Knowledge Representation", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, 1985.
-
- Brachman, Ronald J., Levesque, Hector J. and Reiter, Ray, editors,
- Special Volume on Knowledge Representation, Artificial Intelligence
- 49(1-3), January, 1991.
-
- Ronald J. Brachman and James G. Schmolze, "An overview of the
- KL-ONE knowledge representation system", Cognitive Science,
- 9:171-216, 1985.
-
- Nick Cercone and Gordon McCalla, editors, "The Knowledge Frontier:
- Essays in the Representation of Knowledge", Springer-Verlag, New York,
- 1987. 512 pages, $40.00, ISBN 0-38796-557-2. (This is the much
- revised version of a special issue of COMPUTER on KR.)
-
- Allen Newell, "The Knowledge Level", Artificial Intelligence,
- 18:87-127, 1982.
-
- Allen Newell and Herb Simon, "Computer Science as Empirical
- Enquiry: Symbols and Search", Communications of the ACM,
- 19(3):113-126, 1976.
-
- Bernhard Nebel and Gert Smolka, "Attributive Description Formalisms
- ... and the Rest of the World", in Otthein Herzog and Claus-Rainer
- Rollinger, editors, Text Understanding in LILOG, Springer Verlag,
- Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence #546, pages 439-452, 1991.
- [Theoretical results in the area of description logics.]
-
- Semantic Networks:
-
- Fritz Lehmann, Editor, "Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence",
- Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1992. (Appeared as a double special issue
- of Computers and Mathematics with Applications 23(2-9), 1992.)
-
- James G. Schmolze and William A. Woods, "The KL-ONE Family", in
- F. Lehmann, editor, Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence,
- Pergamon Press, 1992. [History of description logics (KL-ONE style
- systems).]
-
- John Sowa, Editor, "Principles of Semantic Networks", Morgan Kaufmann,
- San Mateo, CA, 1991.
-
- W.A. Woods, "What's in a link: Foundations for semantic networks", In
- D.G. Bobrow & A. Collins (Eds.), "Representation and Understanding",
- Academic Press, New York, 1975. Reprinted in "Readings in Cognitive
- Science", Collins & Smith (eds.), section 2.2.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-4] Logic
-
- Logic in AI:
-
- M.R. Genesereth and N.J. Nilsson, "Logical Foundations of Artificial
- Intelligence", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Los Altos, CA, 1987.
-
- Constraint Logic Programming:
-
- Pascal Van Hentenryck, "Constraint Satisfaction in Logic Programming",
- MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989, ISBN 0-262-08181-4.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-5] Planning
-
- Intros, Overviews, Paper Collections:
-
- James Allen, James Hendler and Austin Tate, editors,
- "Readings in Planning", Morgan-Kaufmann Publishers, 1990. 754 pages,
- ISBN 1-55860-130-9 paper ($49.95).
-
- Georgeff, M. P., "Planning," in Annual Review of Computer Science,
- Annual Reviews Inc., pages 359-400, 1987.
-
- James Hendler, Austin Tate and Mark Drummond, "AI Planning:
- Systems and Techniques", AI Magazine, May, 1990. (Review article.)
-
- Drew McDermott, "Robot Planning", AI Magazine 13(2):55-79, Summer 1992.
-
- William R. Swartout, "DARPA Workshop on Planning", AI Magazine,
- 9(2):115-131, Summer, 1988. (Survey of current work and issues in
- planning.)
-
- [See also Waldinger's "Achieving several goals simultaneously", in
- "Readings in Artificial Intelligence".]
-
- STRIPS:
-
- Fikes, R.E. and Nilsson, N.J., "STRIPS: A new approach to the
- application of theorem proving to problem solving", Artificial
- Intelligence 2:189-208, 1971.
-
- ABSTRIPS:
-
- Sacerdoti, E. D., "Planning in a Hierarchy of Abstraction Spaces,"
- Artificial Intelligence, 5:115-135, 1974.
-
- Conjunctive Goals:
-
- Chapman, D., "Planning for Conjunctive Goals", Artificial Intelligence
- 32:333-377, 1987.
-
- NOAH:
-
- Sacerdoti, E., "A Structure for Plans and Behavior", Artificial
- Intelligence, pages 1-65, American Elsevier, New York, 1977.
-
- Sacerdoti, E. D., "The Nonlinear Nature of Plans," Proc. of the Fourth
- Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, 1975, 206-214.
-
- Reactive Planning:
-
- Agre P.E. and Chapman, D., "Pengi: An Implementation of a Theory of
- Activity", in Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
- Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, July 1987.
-
- Georgeoff, M.P. and Lansky, A.L., "Reactive Reasoning and
- Planning", in Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
- Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, pages 677-682, July 1987.
-
- Simmons, R.G., "A theory of debugging plans and interpretations", in
- Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Artificial
- Intelligence (AAAI-88), Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Palo Alto,
- CA, pages 94-99, 1988.
-
- Case-based Planning:
-
- Hammond, K., "Case-based Planning: Viewing Planning as a Memory Task",
- Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989.
-
- Miscellaneous:
-
- R.S. Aylett and A.N. Fish and S.R. Bartrum, "Task planning in an
- uncertain world", International Conference on Control 2:801-806, 1991.
-
- Thomas Dean and R. James Firby and David Miller, "Hierarchical
- Planning Involving Deadlines, Travel Time, and Resources", Computing
- Intelligence 4:381-398, 1988.
-
- Thomas Dean and Michael Wellman, "Planning and Control", Morgan
- Kaufmann Publishers, 1991, 486 pages, ISBN 1-55860-209-7, $49.95.
-
- Stefik, M.J., "Planning with Constraints", Artificial Intelligence
- 15:111-140 and 16:141-170, 1981.
-
- R. Wilensky, "Meta-Planning: Representing and Using Knowledge About
- Planning in Problem Solving and Natural Language Understanding",
- Cognitive Science 5:197-233, 1981. Reprinted in Readings in Cognitive
- Science, Collins & Smith (eds.), section 5.6.
-
- Wilkins, D.E., "Domain-Independent Planning: Representation and Plan
- Generation", Artificial Intelligence 22:269-301, 1984.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-6] Natural Language Processing (NLP)
-
- General:
-
- Fred Jelinek, "Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition", MIT
- Press.
-
- Christopher D. Manning, Hinrich Schutze, "Foundations of
- Statistical Natural Language Processing", MIT Press 1999. [A
- review can be found at:
- http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee/papers/pre-msrev.html ]
-
- Eugene Charniak, Statistical Language Learning. MIT Press. 1993.
-
- Allen, James F., "Natural Language Understanding", 2nd edition, The
- Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park, California,
- (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts), 1995.
- 625 pages, ISBN 0-8053-0335-9. Code for the book is available from
- bc.aw.com:/bc/allen/
- ftp.cs.rochester.edu:/pub/u/james/NLcode/
- ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/user/ai/areas/nlp/bookcode/allen/
-
- Robert C. Berwick, "Computational Linguistics", MIT Press,
- Cambridge, MA, 1989, ISBN 0262-02266-4.
-
- Brady, Michael, and Berwick, Robert C., "Computational Models
- of Discourse", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983.
-
- Michael A. Covington, "Natural Language Processing for Prolog
- Programmers", Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994. ISBN
- 0-13-629213-5.
-
- Gazdar, G. and Mellish, C., "Natural Language Processing in Lisp:
- An Introduction to Computational Linguistics", Addison-Wesley,
- Reading, Massachusetts, 1989. (There are three different editions
- of the book, one for Lisp, one for Prolog, and one for Pop-11.)
-
- Grosz, Barbara J., Sparck-Jones, Karen, and Webber, Bonnie L.,
- "Readings in Natural Language Processing", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, Los Altos, CA, 1986, 664 pages. ISBN 0-934613-11-7, $44.95.
-
- Klaus K. Obermeier, "Natural Language Processing Technologies
- in Artificial Intelligence: The Science and Industry Perspective",
- John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.
-
- Fernando C.N. Pereira and Barbara Grosz, "Natural Language
- Processing", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994. 531 pages, ISBN
- 0-262-66092-X ($35).
-
- Schank, R. and Abelson, R. "Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding,"
- Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1977.
-
- Terry Winograd, "Language as a Cognitive Process", Addison-Wesley,
- Reading, MA, 1983.
-
- Terminology:
-
- David Crystal, "A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics", 3rd Edition,
- Basil Blackwell Publishers, New York, 1991.
-
- Parsing:
-
- Dick Grune and Ceriel J.H. Jacobs, "Parsing Techniques -- A Practical
- Guide", Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England, 1990.
- 320 pages, ISBN 0-13-651431-6. [Covers most parsing algorithms and
- includes an extensive annotated bibliography.]
- For more information, see http://www.cs.vu.nl/~dick/PTAPG.html or
- ftp://ftp.cs.vu.nl/pub/dick/PTAPG/
-
- Marcus, M. "A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural Language,"
- The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1980.
-
- Pereira, F. and Sheiber, S. "Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis,"
- Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1987.
-
- Tomita, M. (Editor), "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
- Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 1991.
-
- Tomita, M., "An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm",
- Computational Linguistics 13:31-46, 1987.
-
- Statistical Parsing and Modeling:
-
- Peter F. Brown and Stephen A. DellaPietra and Vincent
- J. DellaPietra and Jennifer C. Lai and Robert L. Mercer, "An
- Estimate of an Upper Bound for the Entropy of English",
- Computational Linguistics, 18:1 pp31-40, 1992.
-
- Eugene Charniak, "Statistical Language Learning", MIT Press, 1993.
- [Easy-to-read text, if a bit dated.]
-
- Eugene Charniak, "Statistical Parsing with a Context-Free Grammar
- and Word Statistics", AAAI, 1997.
-
- Stanley F. Chen and Joshua T. Goodman, "An Empirical Study of
- Smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling", Proceedings of the
- 34th Annual Meeting of the ACL, 1996.
-
- Michael Collins, "Three Generative, Lexicalised Models for
- Statistical Parsing", Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the
- ACL, 1997.
-
- F. Jelinek and J. D. Lafferty and R. L. Mercer, "Basic Methods of
- Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars", Computational Linguistics, 1992/
-
- K. Lari and S.J. Young, "Applications of Stochastic Context-Free
- Grammars using the Inside-Outside Algorithm", Computer Speech and
- Language 5:237-257, 1991.
-
- David Magerman, "Natural Language Parsing as Statistical Pattern
- Recognition", PhD thesis, Stanford University, 1994.
-
- M. Marcus and B. Santorini and M. Marcinkiewicz, "Building a Large
- Annontated Corpus of English: the Penn Treebank", Computational
- Linguistics, 19:2, 1993
-
- Fernando Pereira and Naftali Tishby and Lillian Lee,
- "Distributional Clustering of English Words", Proceedings of the
- 31st Annual Meeting of the ACL, 1993.
-
- Wright, J., "LR Parsing of Probabilistic Grammars with Input
- Uncertainty for Speech Recognition", Computer Speech and Language
- 4:297-323, 1990.
-
- Zhi Biao Wu, Loke Soo Hsu, and Chew Lim Tan, "A Survey of Statistical
- Approaches to Natural Language Processing", Technical report TRA4/92,
- Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, National
- University of Singapore, 1992
-
- Natural Language Understanding:
-
- Bertram C. Bruce, "Case systems for natural language", Artificial
- Intelligence 6:327-360, 1975.
-
- E. Charniak, "Passing Markers: A Theory of Contextual Influence in
- Language Comprehension", Cognitive Science, 7:171-190, 1983.
-
- Cohen, P. R., Morgan, J. and Pollack, M., editors, "Intentions in
- Communication", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990.
-
- Dyer, M. "In-Depth Understanding: A Computer Model of Integrated
- Processing for Narrative Comprehension," MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983.
-
- Grosz, Barbara J. and Sidner, Candace L., "Attention, Intention, and
- the Structure of Discourse", Computational Linguistics 12(3):175-204, 1986.
-
- Aravind Joshi, Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag, "Elements of Discourse
- Understanding", Cambridge University Press, New York, 1981.
-
- Yorick Wilks, "A Preferential, Pattern-Seeking, Semantics For
- Natural Language Inference", Artificial Intelligence, 6:53-74, 1975.
-
- Natural Language Interfaces:
-
- Raymond C. Perrault and Barbara J. Grosz, "Natural Language
- Interfaces", Annual Review of Computer Science, volume 1, J.F. Traub,
- editor, pages 435-452, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1986.
-
- Natural Language Generation:
-
- McKeown, Kathleen R. and Swartout, William R., "Language
- Generation and Explanation", in Zock, M. and Sabah, G.,
- editors, Advances in Natural Language Generation, Volume 1, Pages
- 1-51, Ablex Publishing Company, Norwood, NJ, 1988. (Overview of
- the state of the art in natural language generation.)
-
- There are several books published as a result of the international
- workshops on natural language generation.
-
- Machine Translation:
-
- Bonnie J. Dorr, "Machine Translation: A View from the Lexicon" MIT
- Press, Cambridge, MA 1993. 408 pages, ISBN 0-262-04138-3 ($45).
-
- Kenneth Goodman and Sergei Nirenburg., editors, "The KBMT Project: A
- Case Study in Knowledge-Based Machine Translation", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1991. 331 pages, ISBN 1-558-60129-5, $34.95.
-
- W. John Hutchins and Harold L. Somers, "An Introduction to Machine
- Translation", Academic Press, San Diego, 1992. 362 pages, ISBN
- 0-123-62830-X.
-
- A review of MT systems on the market appeared in BYTE 18(1), January 1993.
- (can anyone give me a proper citation for this?)
-
- Linguistics:
-
- Vivian J. Cook, "Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction", Basil
- Blackwell Publisher, New York, 1988, 201 pages.
-
- Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman, "An Introduction to Language",
- Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 4th edition, 1988, 474 pages.
-
- Ralph Grishman, "Computational Linguistics: An Introduction",
- Cambridge University Press, New York, 1986, 193 pages. [Mainly parsing.]
-
- Liliane M.V. Haegeman, "Introduction to Government and Binding
- Theory", Basil Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1991, 618 pages.
-
- Michael A. K. Halliday, "An Introduction to Functional Grammar",
- Edward Arnold, London, 1985.
-
- Geoffrey C. Horrocks, "Generative Grammar", Longman, London, 1987,
- 339 pages.
-
- Andrew Radford, "Transformational Grammar: A First Course", Cambridge
- University Press, New York, 1988, 625 pages.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-7] Speech Recognition and Synthesis
-
- Speech Recognition and Synthesis:
-
- John Allen, Sharon Hunnicut and Dennis H. Klatt, "From Text to Speech:
- The MITalk System", Cambridge University Press, 1987. [Synthesis,
- precursor of DECtalk.]
-
- Frank Fallside and William A. Woods (editors), "Computer Speech Processing"
- Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1985.
-
- X. D. Huang, Y. Ariki and M. A. Jack, "Hidden Markov Models for Speech
- Recognition", Edinburgh University Press, 1990. [Analysis]
-
- A. Nejat Ince (editor), "Digital Speech Processing: Speech Coding,
- Synthesis, and Recognition", Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston,
- 1992. [Analysis and Synthesis]
-
- Dennis H. Klatt, "Review of Text-To-Speech Conversion for English",
- Journal of the Acoustic Society of America (JASA), 82(3):737-793,
- September 1987. [Synthesis. Seminal article; biased toward formant
- synthesis.]
-
- Kai-Fu Lee, "Automatic Speech Recognition: The Development of the
- SPHINX System", Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 1989. [Analysis]
-
- S. E. Levinson, L. R. Rabiner and M. M. Sondhi, "An Introduction to the
- Application of the Theory of Probabilistic Functions of a Markov Process
- to Automatic Speech Recognition" in Bell Syst. Tech. Journal
- 62(4):1035-1074, April 1983. [Analysis]
-
- R. P. Lippmann, "Review of Neural Networks for Speech Recognition",
- Neural Computation, 1(1):1-38, 1989. [Analysis]
-
- Martin, P., et. al., SpeechActs: A Spoken Language Framework. IEEE
- Computer, 29(7), 1996.
-
- Douglas O'Shaughnessy, "Speech Communication: Human and Machine"
- Addison-Wesley, MA, 1987. [Analysis and Synthesis]
-
- Lawrence R. Rabiner and Ronald W. Schafer, "Digital Processing of
- Speech Signals", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978.
- [Analysis and Synthesis]
-
- Lawrence R. Rabiner and Biing-Hwang Juang, "Fundamentals of Speech
- Recognition", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993.
- ISBN 0-13-015157-2. [Analysis]
-
- Ronald W. Schafer and John D. Markel (editors), "Speech Analysis",
- IEEE Press, New York, 1979. [Analysis]
-
- Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee (editors), "Readings in Speech Recognition"
- Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1990, 680 pages.
- ISBN 1-55860-124-4, $49.95. [Analysis]
-
- Alex Waibel, "Prosody and Speech Recognition", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1988. [Analysis]
-
- Speaker Recognition:
-
- B. S. Atal, "Automatic recognition of speakers from their voices",
- Proc. IEEE, 64:460-475, April 1976.
-
- G.R. Doddington, "Speaker recognition -- identifying people by their
- voices", Proc. IEEE, 73:1651-1664, March 1985.
-
- A. E. Rosenberg, "Automatic speaker verification: A review",
- Proc. IEEE, 64:475-487, April 1976.
-
- A.E. Rosenberg and F.K. Soong, "Recent research in automatic speaker
- recognition," in S. Furui and M. Sondhi, editors, Advances in Speech
- Sigmal Processing, 1991.
-
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-8] Connectionism and Neural Nets
-
- See the comp.ai.neual-nets faq at:
- ftp://ftp.sas.com/pub/neural/FAQ.html
- It is more up to date and more complete.
-
- Introductions and Overviews:
-
- Andy Clark, "Associative Engines: Connectionism, Concepts, and
- Representational Change", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1993. 252 pages,
- ISBN 0-262-03210-4.
-
- Judith Dayhoff, "Neural Network Architectures: An Introduction", Van
- Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1990, 259 pages, ISBN 0-442-20744-1.
-
- Scott Fahlman and Geoffrey Hinton, "Connectionist Architectures for
- Artificial Intelligence", IEEE Computer 20(1):100-109, January 1987.
-
- Fausett, L. V., "Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Architectures,
- Algorithms, and Applications", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994.
- ISBN 0-13-334186-0.
-
- Freeman, James A., and Skapura, David M., "Neural Networks:
- Algorithms, Applications and Programming Techniques", Addison Wesley,
- Reading, MA, 1991. 401 pages, ISBN 0-201-51376-5.
-
- Simon S. Haykin, "Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation",
- Macmillan, New York, 1994. 696 pages, ISBN 0-02352-761-7.
-
- Hecht-Nielsen, Robert, "Neurocomputing", Addison-Wesley, 1990, 433 pages.
- ISBN 0-201-09355-3.
-
- John Hertz, Anders Krogh, and Richard G. Palmer, "Introduction to
- the Theory of Neural Computation", Addison-Wesley, 1991. 327 pages,
- ISBN 0-201-51560-1. [Heavy on the math.]
-
- Geoffrey E. Hinton, "Connectionist Learning Procedures",
- Artificial Intelligence 40(1-3):185-234, 1989. Reprinted in
- J. Carbonell, editor, "Machine Learning: Paradigms and Methods",
- MIT Press, 1990. Also appears as Technical Report CMU-CS-87-115
- (version 2), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, December 1987.
-
- Kevin Knight, "A gentle introduction to subsymbolic
- computation: Connectionism for the AI researcher". Technical Report
- CMU-CS-89-150, Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computer Science,
- Pittsburgh, PA, May 30, 1989.
-
- Murray Smith, "Neural Networks For Statistical Modeling", Van
- Nostrand Reinhold, 1993. ISBN 0-442-01310-8 ($40). [Good explanations of
- backpropagation.]
-
- Wasserman, Phillip D., "Neural Computing: Theory and Practice",
- Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1989. 230 pages, ISBN 0-442-20743-3.
-
- Rumelhart, D.E, and McClelland, J.L., editors, "Parallel Distributed
- Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition" (Vol. 1:
- Foundations; Vol. 2: Psychological and Biological Models), Cambridge,
- MA: MIT Press, 1986. (See also McClelland, J.L. and D.E. Rumelhart,
- "Explorations in Parallel Distributed Processing, A Handbook of Models,
- Programs, and Exercises", MIT Press, Cambridge, 1988, 344 pages, for
- a companion volume with some code.]
-
- Connectionist Language Processing:
-
- See the special issue of _Connection Science_, Volume 2 Numbers 1-2, 1990.
- Also the Hinton collection "Connectionist Symbol Processing", above.
-
- Ronan G. Reilly and Noel E. Sharkey, editors, "Connectionist
- approaches to natural language processing", Lawrence Erlbaum
- Associates, 1992. 472 pages, ISBN 0-863-77179-3. [Paper collection.]
-
- Connectionist Cognitive Science:
-
- Barnden, J.A., and Pollack, J.B., "Advances in Connectionist and Neural
- Computation Theory Vol. 1: High-Level Connectionist Models", Ablex, 1991.
-
- McCloskey, M., "Networks and theories: The place of connectionism in
- cognitive science", Psychological Science 2:387-395, 1991.
-
- Quinlan, P., "Connectionism and Psychology: A Psychological Perspective on
- New Connectionist Research", University of Chicago Press, 1991.
-
- Waltz, D., and Feldman, J.A., editors, "Connectionist Models and their
- Implications: Readings from _Cognitive Science_", Ablex, 1988.
-
- Philosophical Foundations:
-
- Clark, A., "Microcognition: Philosophy, Cognitive Science, and Parallel
- Distributed Processing", MIT Press, 1989.
-
- Pinker, S., and Mehler, J, editors, "Connections and Symbols", MIT Press,
- 1988. [Was Cognition special issue Volume 28, 1988]
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-9] Machine Learning
-
- General:
-
- Tom Mitchell, "Machine Learning", McGraw Hill, 1997.
-
- Christopher Bishop, "Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition", Oxford
- University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-19-853849-9 Hardback, ISBN 0-19-853864-2
- Paperback.
-
- J. G. Carbonell, editor, "Machine Learning: Paradigms and Methods", MIT
- Press, Cambridge, MA 1990.
-
- Alan Hutchinson, "Algorithmic Learning", Oxford University Press,
- Oxford, England, 1994. 434 pages, ISBN 0-19-853848-0 paper (27.50
- Sterling), ISBN 0-19-853766-2 hardcover (55.00 Sterling). Corrections and
- additions are available by anonymous ftp from
- dcs.kcl.ac.uk:/ftp/pub/alg-learn/ [137.73.8.10]
-
- Tom Mitchell, Jaime G. Carbonell, and Ryszard S. Michalski,
- "Machine Learning: A guide to current research", Kluwer Academic
- Publishers, Boston, 1986. [A bit out of date.]
-
- Jude W. Shavlik and Thomas D. Dietterich, editors, "Readings in
- Machine Learning", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1990, 853 pages.
- ISBN 1-55860-143-0, $49.95.
-
- Reinforcement Learning
- General:
- Sutton, R.S. and Barto, A.G. (1998) Reinforcement Learning: An
- introduction. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.
-
- Games:
- Tesauro, G (1992) Practical issues in temporal difference
- learning. Machine Learning, 8(3-4):257-277.
-
- Lee, K.-F., and Mahajan S. (1988) A pattern classification approach to
- evaluation function learning. Artificial Intelligence, 36(1):1-26
-
- Support Vector Machines
- N. Cristianini and J. Shawe-Taylor, "An Introduction To Support
- Vector Machines", Cambridge University Press,
- 2000. (www.support-vector.net)
-
- Decision Trees:
-
- Quinlan, J. Ross, "Induction of Decision Trees", Machine Learning
- 1(1):81-106, 1986.
-
- Quinlan, J. Ross, "C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, 1992. ISBN 1-55860-238-0. $44.95 US, $49.45 International.
- For a slight additional charge ($25), the book comes with software (ISBN
- 1-55860-240-2). For software only, (ISBN 1-55860-239-9) $34.95 US,
- $38.45 International.
-
- Probabilistic Clustering:
-
- Fisher, D.H., "Knowledge Acquisition Via Incremental Conceptual
- Clustering", Machine Learning 2:139-172, 1987. (Probabilistic
- clustering methods.)
-
- Clancey, W.J., "Classification Problem Solving", Proceedings of the
- National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 49-55, Los Altos, CA,
- Morgan Kaufmann. 1984.
-
- Version Spaces:
-
- Tom M. Mitchell, "Generalization as Search", Artificial Intelligence
- 18:203-226, 1982.
-
- Machine Discovery:
-
- Langley, P., and Zytkow, J. M., "Data-driven approaches to empirical
- discovery", Artificial Intelligence 40:283-312, 1989.
-
- Langley, P., Simon, H.A., Bradshaw, G.L., and Zytkow, J.M.,
- "Scientific Discovery: Computational Explorations of the Creative
- Processes", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1987.
-
- Langley, P., Simon, H.A. and Bradshaw, G.L., "Heuristics for
- Empirical Discovery", in L. Bolc, editor, Computational Models
- of Learning, Springer-Verlag, 1987. Also appears as CMU CS
- Tech Report CMU-CS-84-14.
-
- Chunking:
-
- Laird J.E., Rosenbloom, P.S. and Newell, A., "Chunking in SOAR: The
- Anatomy of a General Learning Mechanism", Machine Learning
- 1:1-46, 1986.
-
- Explanation-Based Learning:
-
- Mitchell, Tom M., Keller, R. M., and Kedar-Cabelli, S. T.,
- "Explanation-based learning: A unified view", Machine Learning
- 1:47-80, 1986.
-
- Derivational Analogy:
-
- Carbonell, J. G., "Derivational analogy: A theory of
- reconstructive problem solving and expertise acquisition." In R.S.
- Michalski, Jaime G. Carbonell, and Tom M. Mitchell, editors, Machine
- Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1986.
-
- Theoretical Results:
-
- Haussler, D., "Quantifying Inductive Bias: AI Learning
- Algorithms and Valiant's Learning Framework", Artificial Intelligence,
- 36:177-221, 1988.
-
- Leslie G. Valiant, "A theory of the learnable", Communications
- of the ACM, 27(11):1134--1142, 1984.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-10] Case-Based Reasoning
-
- Brigitte Bartsch-Speroel, Hans-Dieter Burkhard, Stefan Wess (Eds.):
- Case-Based Reasoning Technology: From Foundations to Applications.
- Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1400, Springer Verlag, 1998 -
-
- Ian Watson: Applying Case-Based Reasoning: Techniques for Enterprise
- Systems, Morgan Kaufman 1997 (for an industry view)
-
- Leake, D., Ed., "Case-Based Reasoning: Experiences, Lessons, and
- Future Directions", AAAI Press/MIT Press, 1996.
-
- Janet Kolodner, "Case-Based Reasoning", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1993, 612 pages, ISBN 1-55860-237-2,
- $54.95.
-
- Janet L. Kolodner, editor, "Special issue on Case-Based Reasoning",
- Machine Learning 10(3), 1993.
-
- Roger C. Schank and C. Riesbeck, "Inside Case-Based Reasoning",
- Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1989.
-
- Roger C. Schank, Alex Kass, and Christopher K. Riesbeck, "Inside
- Case-Based Explanation", Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1994. 416
- pages, ISBN 0-8058-1029-3.
-
- Craig Stanfill and David Waltz, "Toward Memory-Based
- Reasoning", Communications of the ACM, 29(12):1213-1228,
- December 1986. (Memory-based reasoning.)
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-11] Genetic Algorithms
-
- For an extended bibliography, see the FAQ posting for comp.ai.genetic.
- http://www.cs.purdue.edu/coast/archive/clife/FAQ/www/
-
- Overviews:
-
- L. B. Booker, D.E. Goldberg and J.H. Holland, "Classifier Systems and
- Genetic Algorithms", Artificial Intelligence 40(1-3):235-282,
- September 1989.
-
- David E. Goldberg, "Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and
- Machine Learning", Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1989, 412 pages.
- ISBN 0-201-15767-5.
-
- Davis, Lawrence (editor), "Handbook of Genetic Algorithms", Van
- Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1991, ISBN 0-442-00173-8.
-
- D.B. Fogel, "An Introduction to Simulated Evolutionary Optimization",
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 5(1):3-14, 1994.
- [Survey of evolutionary computation, including genetic
- algorithms, evolution strategies and evolutionary programming.]
-
- M. Srinivas and Lalit M. Patnaik, "Genetic Algorithms: A Survey",
- IEEE Computer 27(6):17-26, July 1994.
-
- Jose L. Ribeiro Filho, Philip C. Treleaven, and Cesare Alippi,
- "Genetic-Algorithm Programming Environments", IEEE Computer
- 27(6):28-43, July 1994.
-
- See also [4-15] Artificial Life and Cellular Automata.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-12] Production Systems, Expert Systems and Match Algorithms
-
- See the Expert System Shells FAQ.
- http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Web/Groups/AI/html/faqs/ai/expert/part1/faq.html
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-13] Integrated AI Architectures
-
- Kurt VanLehn, editor, "Architectures for Intelligence",
- Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991.
-
- SOAR:
-
- John E. Laird, Allen Newell, and Paul S. Rosenbloom, "SOAR: An
- Architecture for General Intelligence", Artificial
- Intelligence, 33(1):1-64, 1987.
-
- Paul S. Rosenbloom, John E. Laird, and Allen Newell, editors, "The
- SOAR Papers", MIT Press, 1993. 1,510 pages in 2 volumes,
- ISBN 0-262-68071-8 paper ($65).
-
- PRODIGY:
-
- Steven Minton, Jaime G. Carbonell, Craig A. Knoblock,
- Daniel R. Kuokka, Oren Etzioni, and Yolanda Gil.
- "Explanation-based learning: A problem solving perspective".
- Technical Report CMU-CS-89-103, Carnegie Mellon University,
- School of Computer Science, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989.
-
- THEO:
-
- Tom M. Mitchell, J. Allen, P. Chalasani, J. Cheng, Oren Etzioni,
- Marc Ringuette, and Jeffrey Schlimmer, "THEO: A Framework for
- Self-Improving Systems", in Kurt VanLehn, editor, Architectures for
- Intelligence, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991.
-
- Subsumption Architectures:
-
- Brooks, R., "A Robust Layered Control System for a Mobile Robot",
- IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, RA-2, pages 14-23, April 1986.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-14] Fuzzy Logic
-
- Introductions/Textbooks:
-
- Earl Cox, "The Fuzzy Systems Handbook: A Practitioner's Guide to
- Building, Using, and Maintaining Fuzzy Systems", Academic Press,
- Boston, MA 1994. 615 pages, ISBN 0-12-194270-8 ($49.95). [Includes
- disk with ANSI C++ source code.]
-
- Klir, George J. and Folger, Tina A., "Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty, and
- Information", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1988, 355 pages.
- ISBN 0-13-345984-5
-
- Kosko, B., "Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems", Prentice Hall,
- Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1992.
-
- Zimmermann, Hans J., "Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications",
- Boston, MA, Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing, 1985. [Discusses fuzzy set
- theory but not much about fuzzy control.]
-
- Earl Cox, "The Fuzzy Systems Handbook: A Practitioner's Guide to
- Building, Using, and Maintaining Fuzzy Systems", Academic Press,
- Boston, MA 1994. 615 pages, ISBN 0-12-194270-8 ($49.95). [Includes
- disk with ANSI C++ source code.]
-
- Readings:
-
- Didier Dubois, Henri Prade, and Ronald R. Yager, editors,
- "Readings in Fuzzy Sets for Intelligent Systems", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, 1993. 916 pages, ISBN 1-55860-257-7 paper ($49.95).
-
- R. Yager and L. Zadeh, editors, "An Introduction to Fuzzy Logic:
- Applications in Intelligent Systems" Kluwer, 1992. $90. [Collection of
- papers about fuzzy applications.]
-
- Papers:
-
- Zadeh, L.A., "Fuzzy Sets," Information and Control, 8, 338-353, 1965.
-
- Brubaker, D.I., "Fuzzy-logic Basics: Intuitive Rules Replace
- Complex Math," EDN, June 18, 1992.
-
- Schwartz, D.G. and Klir, G.J., "Fuzzy Logic Flowers in Japan,"
- IEEE Spectrum, July 1992.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-15] Artificial Life and Cellular Automata
-
- The best source for information is the proceedings of the Artificial
- Life conferences. The proceedings were edited by Christopher G.
- Langton and published by Addison-Wesley.
-
- Langton, Chris G., editor, "Artificial Life" (Proceedings of the First
- International Conference '87), Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-09356-1.
-
- Langton, C.G., Taylor, C., Farmer, J.D., and Rasmussen, S., editors,
- "Artificial Life II", Addison-Wesley, 1991. ISBN 0-201-52751-2.
-
- Langton, C.G., editor, "Artificial Life III", Addison-Wesley, 1994.
- ISBN 0-201-62494-X.
-
- Artificial Life:
-
- Levy, S., "Artificial Life", Pantheon, New York, 1992. ISBN 0-679-40774-X.
- [An excellent popularization]
-
- Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and Aristid Lindenmayer, "The Algorithmic
- Beauty of Plants", Springer-Verlag, 1990. 228 pages, ISBN
- 0-387-97297-8 hardcover ($40).
-
- See also [4-11] Genetic Algorithms.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-16] Qualitative Physics and Model Based Reasoning
-
- QP Theory:
- Forbus, K. D., Qualitative Process Theory, Artificial Intelligence,
- 24:85-168, 1984.
-
- QSIM:
- Kuipers, B., Qualitative Reasoning with Causal Models in
- Diagnosis of Complex Systems, In D. S. Weld & J. deKleer, editors,
- Readings in Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems,
- pages 257-274, chapter 10, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1989.
-
- MBR-based Diagnosis:
- Davis, R., Diagnostic Reasoning Based on Structure and Behavior,
- Artificial Intelligence, 24:347-410, 1984.
-
- Function-based MBR:
- Sticklen, J., Chandrasekaran, B., & Bond, W.
- Distributed Causal Reasoning. Knowledge Acquisition, 1:139-162, 1989.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-17] Task-specific Architectures for Problem Solving
-
- Generic Tasks:
- Chandrasekaran, B., Towards a Functional Architecture for
- Intelligence Based on Generic Information Processing Tasks, In
- IJCAI-87, pages 1183-1192, Milan, 1987.
-
- Components of Expertise:
- Steels, L., The Components of Expertise. AI Magazine, Summer, 1990.
-
- KADS:
- Breuker, J., & Wielinga, B., Models of Expertise in Knowledge
- Acquisition, in G. Guida & C. Tasso, editors, Topics in
- Expert Systems Design: Methodologies and Tools, Amsterdam:
- North Holland Publishing Company, 1989.
-
- Role-limiting Methods:
- McDermott, J., Preliminary Steps Toward a Taxonomy of
- Problem-Solving Methods, in S. Marcus, editor, Automating
- Knowledge Acquisition for Expert Systems, pages 225-255,
- Boston: Kluver Academic Publishers, 1988.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-18] Automated Deduction/Theorem Proving
-
- Alan Bundy, "The Computer Modelling of Mathematical Reasoning",
- Academic Press, 1983. [Contains Prolog code for a simple
- resolution-based theorem prover.]
-
- C. Chang and R.C. Lee, "Symbolic Logic and Mechanical Theorem
- Proving", Academic Press, 1973.
-
- David Duffy, "Principles of Automated Theorem Proving", John
- Wiley and Sons, 1991.
-
- Larry Wos and Ross Overbeek and Ewing Lusk and Jim Boyle,
- "Automated Reasoning. Introduction and Applications", Second Edition,
- McGraw-Hill, 1992.
-
- Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automated
- Deduction (CADE-11), D. Kapur (editor), Saratoga Springs, NY, USA,
- June 15-18, 1992, Lecture Notes in AI 607, Springer-Verlag, 1992, 793
- pages. ISBN 0-387-55602-8 and 3-540-55602-8.
- [The CADE proceedings have a systems abstracts section with short
- descriptions of implemented systems, many of which are available
- by anonymous ftp.]
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-19] Probabilistic Reasoning
-
- R.O. Duda, P.E. Hart, and N.J. Nilsson, "Subjective Bayesian Methods
- for Rule-Based Inference Systems", In Proceedings of the 1976 National
- Computer Conference, pages 1075-1082, AFIPS, 1976.
-
- Neapolitan, Richard E., "Probabilistic Reasoning in Expert Systems:
- Theory and Algorithms", John Wiley and Sons, 1990. [Practical guide
- to implementation.]
-
- Oliver, Robert M., and Smith, James Q., editors, "Influence Diagrams,
- Belief Nets and Decision Analysis", John Wiley and Sons, 1990.
-
- Pearl, Judea, "Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems:
- Networks of Plausible Inference", Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo,
- California, 1988. [Theoretical framework for Bayesian networks]
-
- Shafer, Glenn, and Pearl, Judea, "Readings in Uncertain Reasoning",
- Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, California, 1990. 768 pages,
- ISBN 1-55860-125-2 paper ($49.95).
-
- Charniak, Eugene, "Bayesian Networks without tears", AI Magazine
- 12(4):50-63, Winter 1991. [Intro to Bayesian networks for beginners]
-
- Abduction & Uncertainty:
-
- Charniak, E., "Motivation analysis, abductive unification, and
- nonmonotonic equality", Artifical Intelligence 34:275-95.
-
- Hobbs, J., et al., "Interpretation as abduction", SRI AI TR #499.
-
- Kass, A., "Adaptation-based explanation", 11th IJCAI, pages 141-47.
-
- Current Research:
-
- Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence [2|3|4|5], North-Holland.
-
- Proceedings of the Nth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial
- Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
-
- See also:
-
- [4-9], Machine learning.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-20] Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Truth Maintenance Systems (TMS)
-
- Matthew L. Ginsberg, "Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning",
- Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1987.
-
- Reiter, Ray, "Nonmonotonic Reasoning", Annual Review of Computer
- Science, 2:147-186, 1987. (Appears in Ginsberg.)
-
- Doyle, J., "Truth Maintenance Systems", Artificial Intelligence,
- 12(3):231-272, 1979.
-
- Reiter, Raymond and de Kleer, Johan, "Foundations of Assumption-Based
- Truth Maintenance Systems: Preliminary Report", Proceedings of AAAI-87,
- pages 183-188.
-
- J.P. Martins, "The Truth, The Whole Truth And Nothing But the Truth:
- An Indexed Bibliography to the Literature of TMS's", AI Magazine
- (Special Issue), AAAI, 1990.
-
- De Kleer, J., "An assumption-based TMS", Artificial Intelligence
- 28:127-162, 1986.
- De Kleer, J., "Extending the ATMS", Artificial Intelligence
- 28:163-196, 1986.
- De Kleer, J., "Problem Solving with the ATMS", Artificial Intelligence
- 28:197-224, 1986.
-
- De Kleer, J., "A comparison of ATMS and CSP techniques", IJCAI 1989,
- pages 290-296.
-
- Kenneth D. Forbus and Johan de Kleer, "Building Problem Solvers",
- MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1994, 700 pages, $50. ISBN 0-262-06157-0.
- [Good textbook.]
-
- Proceedings of AAAI 1988.
-
- Alex Kean and George Tsiknis, "Assumption based Reasoning and Clause
- Management Systems", Computational Intelligence 8(1):1-24, 1992.
-
- Alex Kean and George Tsiknis, "Clause Management Systems (CMS)",
- Computational Intelligence 9(1):11-40, 1993.
-
- Martins, Joao, & Shapiro, Stuart C., "A Model for Belief Revision,"
- Artificial Intelligence 35:25-79 1988.
-
- Martins & Reinfrank (eds), "Truth Maintenance Systems", published
- by Springer Verlag in their 'Lecture Notes in Computer Science'
- series, 1991.
-
- Reinfrank, M., Dressler, O. and Brewka, G., On the Relation
- Between Truth Maintenance and Autoepistemic Logic, IJCAI 1989.
-
- Selman, B. and Levesque, H.J., "Abductive and Default Reasoning: A
- Computational Core", Proceedings of AAAI-90.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-21] Robotics and Computer Vision
-
- Introductions (Robotics):
-
- Robin Murphy, "Introduction to AI Robotics", MIT Press, 2000.
-
- Gregory Dudek, Michael Jenkin, "Computational Principles of Mobile
- Robotics", Cambridge University Press, 2000.
-
- John J. Craig, "Introduction to Robotics", Addison-Wesley,
- Reading, MA, 1989.
-
- Joseph L. Jones, and Anita M. Flynn, "Mobile Robots: Inspiration to
- Implementation", A.K. Peters, Publisher, Wellesley, MA, 1993. 349
- pages, $39.95. ISBN 1-56881-011-3.
-
- [Two papers in the Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence are relevant:
- Path planning and obstacle avoidance, pages 708-715
- Mobile robots, pages 957-961]
-
- Introductions (Vision):
-
- David Marr, "Vision: a computational investigation into the human
- representation and processing of visual information", W.H. Freeman,
- San Francisco, CA, 1982. [The classic text, still good.]
-
- Berthold K.P. Horn, "Robot Vision", MIT Press and McGraw-Hill,
- Cambridge, MA, 1986. 509 pages. ISBN 0-2620-815-98 (MIT Press),
- 0-0703-034-95 (McGraw-Hill).
-
- Vicki Bruce and Patrick R. Green, "Visual Perception: Physiology,
- Psychology and Ecology", 2nd Edition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
- Hillsdale, NJ, 1990. ISBN 0-86377-146-7.
-
- Martin D. Levine, "Vision in Man and Machine", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985.
-
- Roger Watt, "Visual Processing: computational, psychophysical, and
- cognitive research", Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1988,
- 152 pages.
-
- Harry Wechsler, "Computation Vision", Academic Press, Boston, MA,
- 1990, 558 pages.
-
- E. Bruce Goldstein, "Sensation and Perception", 3rd edition,
- Wadsworth, Belmont CA, 1989, 598 pages, ISBN 0-534-09672-7. [Emphasis
- on the physiological aspects of visual perception.]
-
- Linda G. Shapiro and Azriel Rosenfeld, "Computer Vision and Image
- Processing", Academic Press, Boston, MA 1992, 623 pages.
-
- [One paper in the Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence is relevant:
- Sensors, pages 1031-1036]
-
- Surveys (Vision):
-
- Michael I. Jordan (editor), "Learning in Graphical Models", MIT Press,
- 1998, 648 pages, ISBN 0-262-60032-3.
-
- J. Michael Brady, "Computational approaches to image understanding",
- ACM Computing Surveys 14(1):3-71, March 1982. (Survey of methods in
- computer vision.)
-
- Paper Collections:
-
- Martin A. Fischler and Oscar Firschein, editors, "Readings in
- Computer Vision", Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1987.
-
- Michael S. Landy and Anthony J. Movshon, "Computational Models of
- Visual Processing", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991, 394 pages.
- [Collection of research papers.]
-
- Miscellaneous:
-
- The 6.270 Robot Builder's Guide, by Fred Martin. Available by
- anonymous ftp from
- kame.media.mit.edu:/pub/fredm/README [18.85.0.45]
- cherupakha.media.mit.edu:/pub/6270/docs/ [18.85.0.47]
- This directory contains "The 6.270 Robot Builder's Guide", the
- course notes to the 1992 MIT LEGO Robot Design Competition. For
- more information, contact Fred Martin <fredm@media.mit.edu>.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-22] Animats and Autonomous Agents:
-
- Pfeifer and Scheier, "Understanding Intelligence", MIT Press, 2000.
-
- R. Beer, "Intelligence as Adaptive Behavior. An Experiment in
- Computational Neuroethology", Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
- ISBN: 0-12-084730-2
-
- V. Braitenberg, "Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic
- Psychology". MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 1984. ISBN 0-262-02208-7
-
- Rodney A. Brooks, "A Robust Layered Control System for a Mobile
- Robot", IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, 2:14-23, 1986.
-
- Rodney A. Brooks, "A Robot that Walks: Emergent Behaviour from a
- Carefully Evolved Network", Neural Computation, 1(2), 1989.
-
- W. Lim and J. Eilbert, "Plan-behaviour interaction in autonomous
- navigation", Proceedings of the SPIE, 1388:464-475, 1991.
-
- Pattie Maes and Rodney A. Brooks, "Learning to Coordinate Behaviours",
- Proceedings of AAAI-90, 1990.
-
- Pattie Maes, "Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from
- Biology to Engineering and Back", MIT Press, 1991.
-
- T. Tyrrell, "The Use of Hierarchies for Action Selection", From
- animals to animats2: Proceedings of the Second International
- Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, 1993.
-
- T. Tyrrell, "Computational Mechanism for Action Selection", PhD
- Thesis University of Edinburgh, 1993.
-
- Animals to Animats Conferences:
-
- Jean-Arcady Meyer and Stewart W. Wilson, "From Animals to Animats:
- Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of
- Adaptive Behavior (1990, Paris, France)", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991.
- 551 pages, $55, ISBN 0-262-63138-5.
-
- Jean-Arcady Meyer, Herbert L. Roitblat, and Stewart W. Wilson,
- editors, "From Animals to Animats: Proceedings of the Second
- International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior", MIT
- Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993. 523 pages, $55, ISBN 0-262-63149-0.
-
- Francisco J. Varela and Paul Bourgine, editors, "Toward a Practice of
- Autonomous Systems: Proceedings of the First European Conference on
- Artificial Life", Complex Adaptive Systems Series, MIT Press,
- Cambridge, MA, 1992. 515 pages, $55.00, ISBN 0-262-72019-1.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-23] Distributed AI
-
- Annotated Bibliography:
-
- B. Chaib-draa, R. Mandiau, and P. Millot, "Distributed Artificial
- Intelligence, An Annotated Bibliography", SIGART Bulletin
- 3(3):20-37, August 1992.
-
- Collections:
-
- Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, "Readings in Distributed
- Artificial Intelligence", Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1988.
-
- Les Gasser and Michael N. Huhns, eds., "Distributed
- Artificial Intelligence, Volume II", Morgan Kaufmann, 1989.
-
- Michael N. Huhns, ed., "Distributed Artificial
- Intelligence", Morgan Kaufmann, 1987.
-
- M. Wooldridge and N. R. Jennings, eds., "Intelligent Agents",
- Springer-Verlag, 1995. (Lecture Notes in AI Vol 890)
-
- (Special Issue on Distributed AI) IEEE Transactions on
- Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 11, No. 1, Jan 1981.
-
- (Special Issue on Distributed AI---10 years later) IEEE
- Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 21,
- No. 6, Nov/Dec 1991.
-
- Decentralized Artificial Intelligence, Y. Demazeau ed. 1990,
- Decentralized AI 2, Demazeau, Y. & Muller, J-P, eds. 1991,
- Decentralized AI 3, Werner & Demazeau eds. 1992,
- all published by Elsevier Science Publishers .
-
- (Special Issue on Intelligent and Cooperative Problem Solving)
- International Journal of Intelligent & Cooperative Information
- Systems, Vol. 1, No. 2, June 1992.
-
- (Special Issue on Distributed AI) Group Decision and
- Negotiation, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1993.
-
- (Special Issue on Mathematical and Computational Models of
- Organizations: Models and Characteristics of Agent Behavior)
- International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting,
- Finance, and Management, Vol 2., No. 4, December 1993.
-
- (Special issue on Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems)
- Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence,
- 9(4) July/August 1995 (part I), and 10(1), January/February 1995
- (part 2).
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-24] User/Agent Modeling
-
- Afzal Ballim and Yorick Wilks, "Artifical Believers", Lawrence
- Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991. ISBN 0-8058-0453-6.
- Contains a 92 page background section on belief modeling in AI,
- Philosophy, NLP and Linguistics.
-
- Kobsa, A. & Wahlster, W. (1989) "User Models in Dialog Systems."
- Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
-
- Rapaport, William J., "Belief Representation Systems", in S. C.
- Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd edition
- John Wiley, New York, pages 98-110, 1992.
-
- See also the journal User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction in
- part 3 of the AI FAQ.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-25] Philosophy of AI
-
- Margaret A. Boden, editor, "The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence",
- Oxford University Press, New York, 1990, 452 pages.
-
- Margaret A. Boden, "Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man",
- Harvester Press and Basic Books, 1977. 2nd edition, MIT Press, 1986.
-
- Leslie Burkholder, editor, "Philosophy and the Computer", Westview
- Press, Boulder, CO, 1992.
-
- Robert Cummins and John Pollock, editors, "Philosophy and AI: Essays
- at the Interface", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991.
-
- Daniel C. Dennett, "Consciousness explained", 1st edition, Little,
- Brown and Company, Boston, 1991, 511 pages, $27.95.
-
- Daniel C. Dennett, "Brainstorms", Harvester Press, 1978.
-
- Hubert L. Dreyfus, "What computers can't do: a critique of artificial
- reason", Harper and Row, Publishers, New York, 1972. ISBN 0-06011082-1
-
- James H. Fetzer, editor, "Aspects of Artificial Intelligence",
- Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Holland, 1988.
-
- John Haugeland, "Artificial Intelligence: The very idea", MIT Press,
- Cambridge, MA, 1985, 287 pages.
-
- John Haugeland, editor, "Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology,
- Artificial Intelligence", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1981, 368 pages.
-
- Douglas R. Hofstadter and Daniel C. Dennett, "The Mind's I:
- Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul", Basic Books, New
- York, 1981, 501 pages, $15.50.
-
- Douglas R. Hofstadter, "Godel Escher Bach: Eternal Golden Braid",
- Harvester Press, and Penguin books, 1979.
-
- Kirsh, D., editor, "Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, Special
- issues of Artificial Intelligence", The MIT Press, 1991. Reprinted
- from Artificial Intelligence 47(1--3), 1991.
-
- D. McDermott, "Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity," in
- Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence, J.
- Haugeland, editor, chapter 5, pp. 143-160, MIT Press, 1981.
-
- Hans Moravec, "Mind Children: The future of robot and human intelligence",
- Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1988, 214 pages.
-
- Roger Penrose, "The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning computers,
- minds, and the laws of physics", Oxford University Press, New York,
- 1989, 466 pages, $30. [A summary appears in The Behavioral and Brain
- Sciences, 13(4):643-705, 1990, accompanied by an extended set of
- commentaries and a reply by Penrose. See also Aaron Sloman, "The
- emperor's real mind: Review of Roger Penrose's `The Emperor's New
- Mind: Concerning computers minds and the laws of physics'",
- Artificial Intelligence 56:355-396, 1992.]
-
- John R Searle, `Minds Brains and Programs' in The Behavioral and
- Brain Sciences, 3(3), 1980. [This article presents Searle's
- "chinese room" argument. There's also an extended set of
- commentaries and reply by Searle.]
-
- H.A. Simon, "Sciences of the Artificial", 2nd Edition, MIT Press, 1981.
-
- A.M. Turing, "Computing Machinery And Intelligence," Mind, vol. LIX,
- no. 236, 1950. Reprinted in "Computers and Thought", Feigenbaum &
- Feldman (eds.), 1963. Also reprinted in "The Mind's I", Hofstadter &
- Dennett (eds.). Also reprinted in "Readings in Cognitive Science",
- Collins & Smith (eds.), section 1.1.
-
- In addition to the references cited above, there is also a fair amount
- of philosophical discussion in R.J. Brachman and H.J. Levesque,
- editors, "Readings in Knowledge Representation", Morgan Kaufmann, 1985.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-26] Cyc.
-
- Cyc is a project begun MCC and spun off into its own company, with the
- aim to build an enCYClopedic database and reasoning engine for common
- sense knowledge. There is now an open source version of Cyc. See
- section 6 of the FAQ.
-
- Lenat, D. B. "Cyc: A Large-Scale Investment in Knowledge
- Infrastructure." Communications of the ACM 38, no. 11 (1995)
-
- Lenat, D. B. "Steps to Sharing Knowledge." In Toward Very Large
- Knowledge Bases, edited by N.J.I. Mars. IOS Press, 1995.
-
- R.V. Guha and Douglas B. Lenat, "Enabling agents to work together",
- CACM 37(7):127-142, 1994.
-
- "CYC", AI Magazine 1986, 7(1), 1986.
-
- "Cyc: A Mid-Term Report," AI Magazine, 11(3):32-59, Fall 1990.
-
- "Cyc: Toward Programs With Common Sense," CACM, 33(8):30-49,
- August 1990.
-
- "Knowledge and Natural Language Processing," CACM, Aug 1990.
-
- "When will machines learn?," Machine Learning, 4(3-4):255-257,
- December 1989.
-
- Douglas B. Lenat and R.V. Guha, "Building Large Knowledge-Based
- Systems", Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990. ISBN 0-201-51752-3.
-
- For a critique of Cyc, see Stefik and Smoliar, "The Commonsense
- Reviews", Artificial Intelligence 61(1):37-40 1993.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-27] Constraint-based Scheduling
-
- Operations Research books:
-
- Kenneth R. Baker, "Introduction to Sequencing and Scheduling",
- John Wiley and Sons, 1974.
-
- Jacques Carlier and Philippe Chretienne, "Problemes d'ordonnancement:
- Modelisation / Complexite / Algorithmes", Masson, 1988.
-
- Edward G. Coffman Jr., editor, "Computers and Job-Shop Scheduling
- Theory", John Wiley and Sons, 1976.
-
- Review articles:
-
- Stephen C. Graves, "A Review of Production Scheduling",
- Operations Research, 29(4):646-675, 1981.
-
- Karl G. Kempf, "Manufacturing Planning and Scheduling: Where We Are
- and Where We Need To Be", Proceedings of the IEEE International
- Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications, Miami, Florida, 1989.
-
- Karl Kempf, Claude Le Pape, Stephen F. Smith and Barry R. Fox, "Issues
- in the Design of AI-Based Schedulers: A Workshop Report", AI Magazine,
- 11(5):37-46, 1991.
-
- Karl Kempf, Bruce Russell, Sanjiv Sidhu and Stu Barrett, "AI-Based
- Schedulers in Manufacturing Practice: Report of a Panel Discussion",
- AI Magazine, 11(5):46-55, 1991.
-
- Mitchell S. Steffen, "A Survey of Artificial Intelligence-Based
- Scheduling Systems", Proceedings of the Fall Industrial Engineering
- Conference, Boston, MA, 1986.
-
- Miscellaneous:
-
- S.H. Clearwater, B.A. Huberman, and T. Hogg, "Cooperative solution of
- constraint satisfaction problems", Science 254(5035):1181-1183,
- November 22, 1991.
-
- Mark S. Fox and Norman Sadeh, "Why is scheduling difficult? A CSP
- perspective." In Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Artificial
- Intelligence (ECAI-90), pages 754-767, 1990.
-
- P. J. M. Val Laarhoven, E. H. L. Aarts, and J. K. Lenstra, "Job shop
- scheduling by simulated annealing", Operations Research 40(1):113-125,
- January-February 1992.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-28] Music and AI
-
- Mira Balaban, Kemal Ebcioglu, and Otto Laske, editors, "Understanding
- Music with AI: Perspectives on Music Cognition", MIT Press, Cambridge,
- MA, 1992. 512 pages, ISBN 0-262-52170-9, $39.95.
-
- David Cope, "Computers and Musical Style", A-R Editions, Madison, WS,
- 1991. 246 pages, ISBN 0-895-79256-7.
- [Music composition by computer using ATNs.]
-
- Minds and Machines 2(4) November 1992 was devoted to music and cognition,
- and there were some relevant book reviews in 3(1) February 1993.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-29] AI and Education
-
- Jill H. Larkin and Ruth W. Chabay, "Computer-assisted instruction
- and intelligent tutoring systems: Shared goals and complementary
- approaches", Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1992, 280 pages.
- ISBN 0-80580-233-9.
-
- Etienne Wenger, "Artificial Intelligence and Tuturing Systems",
- Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Los Altos, CA, 1987.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-30] Blackboard Architectures
-
- Daniel D. Corkill, "Blackboard Systems", AI Expert 6(9):40-47,
- September 1991. [An unabridged copy of this paper can be found
- at http://www.bbtech.com/bibli.html]
-
- Ian D. Craig, "Blackboard Systems", Ablex, Norwood, NJ, 1994.
- 240 pages, ISBN 1-56750-029-3 paper ($24.50).
- [Tutorial introduction/text.]
-
- Robert S. Engelmore and Anthony Morgan, editors, "Blackboard
- Systems", Addison-Wesley, 1988.
- [Contains all classic papers on blackboard systems up to around
- 1986; some papers were revised for this book.]
-
- V. Jagannathan, Rajendra Dodhiawala, and Lawrence S. Baum, editors,
- "Blackboard Architectures and Applications", Academic Press, 1989
- [Research efforts from 1986 to 1988.]
-
- Penny Nii, "Blackboard Systems", AI Magazine 7(3), 1986.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-31] Temporal Reasoning and Modal Logic
-
- Mehmet A. Orgun, "Temporal and Modal Logic Programming: An Annotated
- Bibliography", SIGART Bulletin 5(3):52-59, July 1994.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-32] Data Mining
-
- Introductions:
-
- Cios, K.J., Pedrycz, W., and Swiniarski, R.W., "Data Mining
- Methods for Knowledge Discovery", Kluwer Academic Publishers,
- 1998. ISBN: 0792382528
-
- Article Collections:
-
- International Journal of Intelligent Systems 7(7), September 1992.
-
- IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 5(6), December 1993.
-
- Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro and William J. Frawley, editors, "Knowledge
- Discovery in Databases", MIT Press, 1991.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-33] Medicine/Biology/Bioinformatics
-
- Bioinformatics : The Machine Learning Approach (Adaptive Computation and
- Machine Learning) by Pierre Baldi, Soren Brunak
- 360 pages (February 13, 1998), MIT Press; ISBN: 026202442X
-
- Computational Methods in Molecular Biology by Steven L. Salzberg
- (Editor), David B. Searls (Editor), Simon Kasif (Editor) (January
- 1999) Elsevier Science; ISBN: 0444502041
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-34] AI book publication announcements mailing list
-
- The AI BOOK ANNOUNCEMENTS mailing list exists to inform the AI
- community about the publication of new AI-related books.
-
- This list hasn't been active since 1995.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-35] Who are the major AI publishers?
-
- Ablex Publishing Corporation
- 355 Chestnut Street, Norwood, NJ 07648-2090
- 201-767-8455/8450
- Fax: 201-767-6717
-
- Academic Press
- 1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, CA 92101
- Orders: 800-321-5068
- Fax: 619-699-6715
-
- AP Professional (imprint of Academic Press)
- Marketing: 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495
- Orders: 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32821-9816
- Tel: 1-800-3131-APP (1-405-345-2525)
- Fax: 1-800-336-7377
- Email: app@acad.com
-
- Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
- Route 128, 1 Jacob Way, Reading, MA 01867
- 800-447-2226 (617-944-3700)
- Fax: 617-944-8243 617-944-7273
- E-mail: bexpress@aw.com (must register with Book Express via paper mail first)
-
- Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company
- 2727 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- 415-854-0300
- 390 Bridge Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065
- 800-552-2499, 415-594-4400
- Email: bookinfo@bc.aw.com
- Orders: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., Reading, MA 01867,
- 800-447-2226, fax 800-333-3328
- Canadian Orders: Addison-Wesley Publishers Ltd., PO Box 580, 26 Prince
- Andrew Place, Don Mills Ontario, CANADA M3C 2T8
- 416-447-5101, fax 416-443-0948
- International Orders: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, International
- Publishing Group, Jacob Way, Reading, MA 01867
- 617-944-3700, fax 617-944-0826
- Information/Examination Copies: 800-950-2665
-
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, Inc.
- 3 Cambridge Center, Suite 208, Cambridge, MA 02142
- 617-225-0401
- Fax: 617-225-0412
- Osney Mead, PO Box 88, Oxford, 0X2 0EL, UK 0865-240201
-
- Cambridge University Press
- 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10022
- Orders: 800-221-4512, 212-924-3900, 800-872-7423
-
- Chapman & Hall
- One Penn Plaza, 41st Floor, New York, NY 10119
- Tel: 1-800-634-7064 (212-244-6412)
- Fax: 1-800-248-4724 (212-268-9964)
- E-mail: 71201.1651@compuserve.com
- In the UK call 0264-342923 or fax 0264-364418.
- Overseas call 44-264-342830 or fax 44-264-342761.
-
- Columbia University Press
- 562 West 113th Street, New York, NY 10025
- 800-944-8648
-
- Computer Science Press, Inc.
- 41 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010-3546
- 212-576-9400
-
- Computing Reviews
- 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036
-
- Cornell University Press
- Box 250, 124 Roberts Place, Ithica, NY 14851
- 800-666-2211
-
- Digital Press
- 225 Wildwood Street
- Woburn, MA 01801 USA
- Tel: 800-366-2665 (USA) or 617-928-2527
- Fax: 800-446-6520 (USA) or 617-933-6333
-
- Elsevier Science Publishing
- 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10017
- 212-633-3827/3650
- PO Box 211, Amsterdam, 1000 AE, The Netherlands
- 020-580-3641
- Fax: 020-580-3769
-
- Harvard University Press
- 79 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
- 617-495-2600/2480
-
- Houghton Miflin Company
- One Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142
- 617-252-3000
- One Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108
- 800-225-3362
-
- John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
- 212-850-6000
-
- Kluwer Academic Publishers
- 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061.
- PO Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.
- 617-871-6600
- Fax: 617-871-6528
- Email: kluwer@world.std.com
- Ftp-server: ftp.std.com:/Kluwer/ (See journals/ and books/ subdirectories.)
- The Kluwer ftp server offers the complete table of contents for
- Kluwer's EE & CS journals, the Aims & Scope, Instruction for Authors,
- Ordering information, and LaTeX style files. This service can also be
- reached using gopher.
- Gopher-server: gopher.wkap.nl
- Outside US:
- Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands
- Tel: +31-78-524400
- Fax: +31-78-183273
- E-mail: services@wkap.nl
-
- Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
- 365 Broadway, Hillsdale, NJ 07642
- 800-926-6579, (201-666-4110)
- Fax: 201-666-2394
- Email: orders@leahq.mhs.compuserve.com
-
- Little Brown & Company
- 34 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108
- 617-227-0730
- Fax: 617-227-4633
-
- Macmillan Publishing
- 866 Third Avenue, Third Floor, New York, NY 10022
- 800-257-5755 (212-702-2000)
-
- McGraw Hill Book Company
- 1221 Avenue of the Americas, 43rd Floor, New York, NY 10020
- 800-442-9685 (212-512-2000)
-
- MIT Press
- 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02139-1399
- 617-253-5642
- Customer Service: 617-625-8481
- Orders: 800-356-0343 (617-625-8569)
- Fax: 617-625-6660/9080
- E-mail (orders): mitpress-orders@mit.edu
- E-mail (inquiries): mitpress-orders-inq@mit.edu
- Online catalogs: telnet techinfo.mit.edu and look under
- Around MIT \ Offices & Services \ MIT Press
- or use the gopher server,
- gopher://gopher.mit.edu:70/
- In Europe, contact MIT Press, 14 Bloomsbury Square, London WC1A
- 2LP England, phone 071-404-0712, fax 071-404-0610 or via e-mail
- 100315.1423@compuserve.com. In Australia, contact Astam Books, 57-61
- John Street, Leichhardt, NSW 2040 Australia, phone 02-566-4400, fax
- 02-566-4411.
-
- Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.
- 340 Pine Street, Sixth Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA
- Orders: 800-745-7323 (415-392-2665)
- Fax: 415-982-BOOK (= 415-982-2665)
- Email: orders@mkp.com
- URL: http://market.net/literary/mkp/index.html
- Their "Readings in X" series is a good source of information
- on various AI topics. (Many of them are listed below.)
- In Europe: Direct Distribution, 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA, UK
- Tel (+44 273) 748427, Fax (+44 273) 722180
-
- Oxford University Press
- 200 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
- 800-451-7556
-
- Pergamon Press
- 395 Saw Mill River Road, Elmsford, NY 10523
- 800-257-5755 (914-592-7700)
-
- Prentice Hall Inc.
- College Division, 440 Sylvan Avenue, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632
- 201-592-2377
- Orders: 800-223-1360 (fax to 800-495-6991) 800-526-0485
- Fax: 201-461-4573
- Email: books@prenhall.com, catalogs@prenhall.com
-
- Princeton University Press
- 41 William Street, Princeton, NJ 08540
- 800-777-4726
-
- Random House Publishing
- 201 East 50th Street, New York, NY 10022
- 212-751-2600
-
- Springer Verlag
- 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010
- 800-SPRINGER/800-777-4643 (201-348-4033)
- Fax: 201-348-4505
-
- University Microfilms International
- 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106
- 313-761-4700
- Copies of PhD theses off of microfilm.
-
- University of Chicago Press
- 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637
- 800-621-2736 (312-702-7700)
-
- Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.
- 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003
- 212-254-3232
- Orders: 1-800-544-0550 or fax 606-525-7778
-
- W. H. Freeman & Company
- 41 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010
- 212-576-9400
- Fax: 212-689-2383
-
- W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
- 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010
- 800-233-4830 (212-354-5500)
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-36] How do I get a copy of the proceedings to conference <x>?
-
- First, ask your librarian for help. If your local library doesn't have it,
- they may be able to get it on interlibrary loan.
-
- If you want to buy your own copy, first check with the organization
- that ran the conference. See part 3 of the AI FAQ for a list of many
- of the AI organizations that sponsor conferences.
-
- If they can't help you, contact the Institute for Scientific Information
- (ISI), and look up the proceedings in their Index to Scientific and
- Technical Proceedings (ISTP volumes). You can contact the ISI at
-
- Institute for Scientific Information, Inc.
- 3501 Market Street
- Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Phone: 215-386-0100
- Fax: 215-386-6362
-
- Another source for proceedings author and subject indexes is:
-
- Directory of Published Proceedings.
- Series SEMT: Science/Engineering/Medicine/Technology.
- Published monthly with annual cumulations by InterDok, Harrison, NY.
- ISSN 0012-3293.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-37] How do I get a copy of <x>'s PhD dissertation?
-
- Most dissertations from US universities are available from
-
- University Microfilms International, Inc.
- 300 North Zeeb Road
- Ann Arbor, MI 48106
- Phone: 800-521-0600 (313-761-4700)
- 800-343-5299 (in Canada)
-
- They will print a copy of the dissertation from microfilm and bind it
- in paperbound or cloth for a reasonable fee.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-38] How do I get Tech Report X?
-
- The easiest and cheapest way to get a copy of a tech report, paper, or
- thesis is to send email to the author. Most researchers will be happy
- to drop a copy of the report to you in the mail, or give you a pointer
- to an online copy. In some cases they may direct you to a central
- technical report coordinator for their department (see [6-2]), and
- getting a copy may involve a nominal fee.
-
- Scientific DataLink publishes AIDA (AI Database of Abstracts), a
- CD-ROM of abstracts from AI technical reports on a subscription basis
- with a new CD every 6 months. For more information, write to
- Scientific DataLink, 270 Lafayette Street, Suite 704, New York, NY
- 10012, call 1-800-735-8655 or fax 212-966-3417. Ask
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4-39] Videotapes and Magazines
-
- Videotapes:
-
- The 4th episode of the PBS series "The Machine That Changed the World" is
- a good introduction to AI. It is available for $90 from Films for the
- Humanities, 1-800-257-5126.
-
- Morgan Kaufmann also has a good set of tapes of AI-related lectures, but
- it runs on the expensive side.
-
- University Video Communications sells a few AI-related videotapes,
- including Allen Newell's "Desires & Diversions". For more
- information, write to UVC, PO Box 5129, Stanford, CA 94309, call
- 415-813-0506, fax 415-813-0315, or email uvc.lemon@forsythe.stanford.edu.
-
- AI-related magazines include:
-
- AI EXPERT
- Miller Freeman, Inc., 600 Harrison Street, San Francisco, CA 94107.
- Subscriptions: 1-800-274-2534 (303-447-9330) or 71572.341@compuserve.com
- $42/year (12 issues), $6 extra in Canada and Mexico,
- $15 extra (surface mail) or $40 (air mail) for overseas.
- Canadian GST# 124513185. For back-issues, call 1-800-444-4881.
- Submissions: Larry O'Brien, Editor in Chief, <72212.3256@compuserve.com>
- [AI Expert has ceased publication with the July 1995 issue.]
-
- PC AI (ISSN 0894-0711)
- 3310 West Bell Road, Suite 119, Phoenix, AZ 85023.
- Subscriptions: 602-971-1869, fax 602-971-2321.
- $28/year (6 issues); $54 for two years; $78 for three years.
- $9 extra in Canada and Mexico, $25 extra (air mail) for all
- other countries.
-
- Both magazines are excellent sources of commercial product reviews
- and frequently publish "Product Guides/Showcases" that list many of the
- commercial products available in a particular area of AI, such as
- expert systems, neural nets, natural language processing, and so on.
-
- BYTE Magazine does occasional features on AI topics. Program
- listings for those articles are available by anonymous ftp from
-
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