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Text File | 1992-10-18 | 24.9 KB | 402 lines

Credit for the original compilation of this file goes to Cameron Simpson. Subsequent additions/extensions marked by (|) in left margin. I have taken the liberty of reordering some passages. Tim Challis July `85 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Control Codes Recognized by the VT-101 Name Mnem- Octal Function onic Code =============================================================================== Null NUL 000 Ignored when received (not stored in input buffer), used as fill character. Enquire ENQ 005 Transmits answerback message. Bell BEL 007 Generates bell tone. Backspace BS 010 Moves cursor left one position, except in left column, where no action occurs. Horizontal Tab HT 011 Moves cursor to the next tab stop, or to the right margin if there are no more tab stops. Line Feed LF 012 Causes line feed or new line operation. (See line feed/new line mode.) Vertical Tab VT 013 Processed as LF. Form Feed FF 014 Processed as LF. Shift Out SO 016 Select G1 character set. Shift In SI 017 Select G0 character set. Device DC1 021 Processed as XON. Control 1 Causes terminal to recommence transmitting characters following receipt of XOFF code. Device DC3 023 Processed as XOFF. Control 3 Causes terminal to stop transmitting all characters except XON and XOFF. Cancel CAN 030 If received during an escape or control sequence, the sequence is cancelled and the substitution character (block) is displayed. Characters of the sequence received after the cancel character are displayed. Substitute SUB 032 Processed as CAN. Escape ESC 033 Processed as a sequence introducer. Delete DEL 177 Ignored when received (not stored in input buffer). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Escape Sequences Recognised by the VT101 =============================================================================== ESC # 3 Causes current line to become top half of a double width and double height line. Sequences must be used in pairs on adjacent lines. The same character must be displayed on both lines to form full characters. If the line is single width and single height, all characters to the right of the centre of the screen are lost. ESC # 4 As above for bottom half of line. ESC # 5 Causes current line to become single width and single height. This is the attribute of all new lines on the screen. ESC # 6 Causes the current line to become double width and single height. If the line is single width and single height, all characters to the right of the centre of the screen are lost. ESC # 8 Fills the entire screen with "E"s for screen focusing and alignment. ESC ( 0 Sets G0 as the special character & line drawing set. ESC ( A Sets G0 as the UK character set. ESC ( B Sets G0 as the US character set. ESC ) 0 Sets G1 as the special character & line drawing set. ESC ) A Sets G1 as the UK character set. ESC ) B Sets G1 as the US character set. ESC N Select G2 character set. ESC O Select G3 character set. The VT101 has 4 character sets: G0, G1, G2 and G3. Sets G2 and G3 are always the United States standard ASCII set (on unadorned VT101's [TC]). Sets G0 and G1 are selected by the SI and SO control codes. (See the Control Codes section.) The US & UK sets differ only in that the US set has a crosshatch, and the UK set a pound symbol. ESC 7 Saves cursor position, character attribute, and character set. (See next sequence.) ESC 8 Restore previously saved cursor position, character attribute, and character set. If none were saved, cursor moves to the origin. ESC < All sequences are interpreted according to ANSI standards X3.64-1979 and X3.41-1974. The VT52 escape sequences are not recognised. | i.e. a means of switching out of VT-52 emulation | mode; a complete no-op whilst in ANSI mode. ESC = Select alternate keypad mode. ESC > Select numeric keypad mode. In both modes the PF keys are as follows :- PF1 ESC O P PF2 ESC O Q PF3 ESC O R PF4 ESC O S In numeric keypad mode, the other keys are as labelled, and <ENTER> mimics the <RETURN> key. In alternate keypad mode, the keys return :- 0 ESC O p 1 ESC O q 2 ESC O r 3 ESC O s 4 ESC O t 5 ESC O u 6 ESC O v 7 ESC O w 8 ESC O x 9 ESC O y minus ESC O m comma ESC O l period ESC O n <ENTER> ESC O M ESC D Move cursor down one line in same column. If cursor already at bottom of scrolling region, do a scroll. ESC E Move cursor to first position on next line. If cursor already at bottom of scrolling region, do a scroll. ESC H Set a tab stop at the cursor position. ESC M Move cursor up one line in same column. If cursor already at top of scrolling region, do a scroll. ESC N Select G2 character set. (See "ESC ) 0", etc.) ESC O Select G3 character set. (See "ESC ) 0", etc.) ESC [ J Erase from cursor to end of screen, including current position. All erased lines become single width and single height. ESC [ 0 J As for ESC [ J. ESC [ 1 J Erase from beginning of screen to cursor, including current position. All erased lines become single width and single height. ESC [ 2 J Erase entire display. The cursor does not move. All lines become single width and single height. ESC [ K Erase from cursor to end of line, including current position. ESC [ 0 K As for ESC [ K. ESC [ 1 K Erase from beginning of line to cursor, including current position. ESC [ 2 K Erase entire line. ESC [ 0 g Clear tab stop at the cursor position. |ESC [ m Turn off video attributes. ESC [ 0 m Turn off attributes. |ESC [ 4 m If cursor is currently set to Block, then all text | following the ESC [4m will be in reverse video (i.e. | black-on-white, or white-on-black) compared with the | current screen setting. If, however, the cursor is | currently set to Underscore, then the following text | will be underlined. |ESC [ 7 m As for ESC [ 4 m. | (A little background: | The VT101 was introduced essentially as a cut- | down version of the DEC VT100 model, which | recognised the following video attribute | commands: | ESC [ 0 m -> All attributes off. | ESC [ 1 m -> Enhanced (bold) video ON. | ESC [ 4 m -> Underline commence. | ESC [ 5 m -> Text blink commence. | ESC [ 7 m -> Reverse video commence. | I have experimented with the TATUNG brand terminals | the CSD has been installing lately, and have found | all of the above features actually work. VT100 | emulating terminals are common at present, so I | advocate experiment. | End of aside.) || The TATUNG and VT-240 terminals occasionally enter || `insert mode' on power-up where characters to be || displayed cause the entire line to the right of || the cursor to be shifted one position to the right || to make room for the new character. As a consequence, || some sequences (like char backspace char for special || effect) produce strange results. The mode is not a || permanent attribute of the terminal, and may || occasionally (at least on the TATUNGs) be reset || by repeating the power-up sequence. I have not found || a way to set or reset this mode without powering || the terminal down and back up again. || - Cameron Simpson ESC [ 2 ; 1 0 y Repeats data loop-back test until failure or power down. ESC [ 2 ; 1 y Power-up test. Terminal resets and performs power-up test. ESC [ 2 ; 2 y Data loop-back test. Uses test connector. |ESC [ 2 ; 8 y Halt state; never returns. Of academic interest only. ESC [ 2 ; 9 y Repeats power-up test continuously until failure or power down. | Initiating this test and then sending sufficient line | feed characters for the terminal to lock back onto | the input stream will cause the screen to blink at | about 2 Hz. This is the only non-software method I | have ever been able to discover to cause the VT101 | to blink its display. ESC [ 3 g Clear all tab stops. ESC [ H Move cursor to home position. Home also depends on the origin mode. ESC [ Pl ; Pc H Move cursor to line Pl, column Pc. If Pl or Pc are not selected or zero, cursor moves to first line or column respectively. Line numbering and ability to move beyond scrolling region are controlled by the origin mode. ESC [ Pl ; Pc f As for ESC [ Pl ; Pc H. ESC [ Pn A Move cursor up Pn lines in current column. Cursor stops at top of scrolling region. ESC [ Pn B Move cursor down Pn lines in current column. Cursor stops at bottom of scrolling region. ESC [ Pn C Move cursor right Pn columns in current line. Cursor stops at the right margin. ESC [ Pn D Move cursor left Pn positions in current line. Cursor stops at the left margin. ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps q Loads keyboard indicators as follows :- Ps Function 0 All are off 1 L1 is on 2 L2 is on 3 L3 is on 4 L4 is on ESC [ Ps q As above. ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps h Sets specified parameters. ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps l Resets specified parameters. Parameters are separated by ";". If the "[" is followed by a "?", the parameters are ANSI private parameters. ANSI specified modes :- 0 Ignored. 20 Line feed/new line. When set, LF or CR moves the cursor to the first character of the next line. RETURN transmits a carriage return and a line feed code. When reset, LF moves the cursor to the current column in the next line. RETURN transmits a carriage return control character. ANSI private modes :- 0 Ignored. 1 Cursor key. When set, the cursor control keys (arrows) generate application control functions. These are :- Up ESC O A Down ESC O B Right ESC O C Left ESC O D When reset, the arrows generate the ANSI specified cursor control sequences. These are :- Up ESC [ A Down ESC [ B Right ESC [ C Left ESC [ D 2 ANSI/VT52. | Obviously ESC [ ? 2 h is a no-op. ESC [ ? 2 l | may be reversed by ESC < sequence (VT-52 mode) 3 Column. When set, the screen is 14 rows of 132 columns. When reset, the screen is 24 rows of 80 columns. When switching between 80 and 132, the screen is erased. 4 Scroll. When set, scrolling is smooth. A maximum of six lines may be added to the screen at a time in this mode. Auto XON/XOFF should be set in this mode so that characters are not lost. 5 Screen. When reset, the screen is black. 6 Origin. When set, the cursor cannot be moved outside the scrolling region. Lines on the screen are numbered. The origin is always line 1, column 1. When origin mode is set, the origin is always the first line and first column of the scrolling region. When origin mode is reset, the origin is the first character on the screen. Power-up or RESET causes origin mode to be reset. 7 Auto wrap. When reset, characters received while cursor is at the right margin overwrite the character there. 8 Auto repeat. half a second repeats at about 30 times a second. SET-UP, ESC, RETURN, ENTER, NO SCROLL, and all CNTRLed keys do not repeat. 9 Interlace. When set, the terminal uses 480 scan lines per screen. When reset, the terminal uses 240 scan lines per screen. ESC [ Pt ; Pb r Set top and bottom of scrolling region. If Pt and Pb are omitted, the whole screen is used. The scrolling region must be at least two lines. Thus, Pt must be strictly less than Pb. When the scrolling region is set, the cursor moves to the new home position. Single line scrolling regions are allowed, but be prepared for the consequences. Most operating systems (including UNIX and VMS) put the cursor on a new (clear) line before accepting the next command. The result is, of course, you never see anything. Beware! ESC [ f As for ESC [ H. ESC [ g Clear tab stop at the cursor position. |ESC [ 0 n Transmitted BACK to host in response to an ESC [ 5 n | terminal status request to indicate a correctly | functioning terminal. See below. |ESC [ 3 n Transmitted BACK in response to ESC [ 5 n to indicate | sub-standard operation. See below. |ESC [ 5 n Request a status response from terminal. If terminal | is receiving and healthy, then the sequence ESC [ 0 n | is echoed back. An echo of ESC [ 0 n indicates an | unspecified problem. Of course no response at all... |ESC [ 6 n Report cursor position. Terminal responds with: | ESC [ LL ; CC R | where LL=cursor line number in ASCII decimal, | CC=cursor column number in ASCII decimal | format. |ESC [ c Request for terminal to identify itself. Response is: | ESC [ ? 1 ; x c | where x = 0 for VT101 or unadorned VT100, | 1 " VT100 with processor option, | 2 " " " advanced video, | 3 " " " (1 & 2 above) | 4 " " " graphics processor, | 5 " " " (1 & 4 above), | 6 " " " (2 & 4 above), | 7 " " " (1,2 & 4 above). |ESC [ 0 c Same as ESC [ c. |ESC Z Same as ESC [ c. For some unspecified reason this | escape sequence is NOT recommended by DEC. | Unfortunately, for compatibility reasons, this is | the code POP11's VED sends out during its terminal | identification phase. ESC c Resets terminal to initial state from user permanent memory. After a reset, keypad numeric mode is selected, cursor key mode and origin mode are reset, and the scrolling region is set to the entire screen. | Has exactly the same effect of typing SETUP-0 from | keyboard. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |SET-UP FUNCTIONS IMPLEMENTED ON THE "STANDARD" VT101 |------ --------- ----------- -- --- ---------- ----- | |SHIFT- KEY FUNCTIONS | | While in SETUP mode, the following options are available. Capitalised | words are of mnemonic meaning only, and should not be taken to be Digital | Equipment approved or recognised terms. Most shift- functions clear the | screen and momentarily display the message "WAIT" in the top left corner | of the video display. Irrespective of previous state, the terminal is | always returned to SETUP A on function completion. | | Shift-A -> Enter ANSWERBACK. The answerback is a string of up to 20 ASCII | characters which the terminal will broadcast if either an ENQ | (ASCII 005) character is received, or the key combination | control-break is typed. The answerback entry sequence is as | follows: First a delimiter character is accepted, followed by up | to 20 characters, terminated either by entry of the 22nd | character (20 characters + 2 delimiters), or by second entry of | the delimiter character. No editing of the sequence is allowed | during entry, with all typed characters being included in the | 20 character string. Control codes, backspaces etc. are displayed | as diamonds during entry. | Shift-D -> Recall DEFAULT terminal state. The terminal is reset to a | factory-determined state (key-click ON, 9600 baud send and | receive etc.). Not useful for terminal set-up at U.N.S.W. at | time of writing. | Shift-P -> Cycle PARITY states. The terminals idea of how line parity should | be is cycled through the states: | +------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | Read chart ^->| | Mark | Space | Odd | Even | None | | | clockwise: |<-v | . .Parity . . | | +------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | 7 bits/character | 7M | 7S | 7O | 7E | 7N | | +------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | 8 bits/character | -- | 8N | 8E | 8O | -- | | +------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | For reasons unknown by this party, terminals attached to UNIX | sites on campus tend to be set to the 7S state, whilst VMS sites | tend to have terminals set to the 8E state. My personal opinion | is that all U.N.S.W. terminal line drivers ignore parity anyway | so the state doesn't matter. See for yourself. | Shift-R -> RECALL a previously customised state saved by: | Shift-S -> SAVE a customised terminal state. After setting a terminal into | a state of which you approve, typing shift-S under SETUP B will | record the terminal characteristics in an internal semi- | permanent memory, which is recalled upon power-up, reset, and of | course, SETUP B shift-R. | Shift-T -> Resets TAB positions to the well known every-8th-column format. | Handy for quick recovery from a botched job of redefining tab | positions. TATUNG SETUP MODE The TATUNG setup mode is entered by typing <SHIFT><CNTL><SETUP>. The different features are selected with the arrow keys. The up and down arrows select which option to modify, and the left and right arrows select its new value. To leave the setup mode, just hit the <SETUP> key. Note that before you leave a particular option after changing it, you must press <RETURN>, otherwise to change will be discarded. As with the VT-101, you must type <SHIFT> S to save your changed options to prevent loss when the terminal is switched off. The most useful feature of setup is to set the terminal to 19200 baud on VMS sites. Since VMS has auto-baudrate recognition, it will adjust to accomodate the higher speed, making full screen editors quite useful. The only problem seems to be that if you are typing rapidly while the terminal is receiving a lot of data, it will occasionally miss a keystroke. This problem does not seem to occur at the next speed down (9600 baud). NOTE: This will not work on terminals connected to the Vladimir switch, as this seems to only permit 2400 baud. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------