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- IEEE P1003.0 Draft 13 - September 1991
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- Copyright (c) 1991 by the
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
- 345 East 47th Street
- New York, NY 10017, USA
- All rights reserved as an unpublished work.
-
- This is an unapproved and unpublished IEEE Standards Draft,
- subject to change. The publication, distribution, or
- copying of this draft, as well as all derivative works based
- on this draft, is expressly prohibited except as set forth
- below.
-
- Permission is hereby granted for IEEE Standards Committee
- participants to reproduce this document for purposes of IEEE
- standardization activities only, and subject to the
- restrictions contained herein.
-
- Permission is hereby also granted for member bodies and
- technical committees of ISO and IEC to reproduce this
- document for purposes of developing a national position,
- subject to the restrictions contained herein.
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- Permission is hereby also granted to the preceding entities
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- P1003.0/D13 GUIDE TO THE POSIX OPEN SYSTEMS
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- formal standards (e.g., international or national standards) informal
- standards groups typically submit their specifications to formal
- standards organizations.
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- The term ``de facto standard'' is sometimes applied to popular vendor-
- defined systems. Such systems, however, are closed systems, often
- controlled in a proprietary fashion. Although they have value, closed de
- facto standards are not the subject of this guide.
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- Most standards bodies support three types of status for their standards
- or specifications--approved, draft, and work item. An approved standard
- is one that has been fully ratified by whatever means the approving
- standards body uses. A draft standard is one that has yet to be fully
- ratified, such as an ISO DIS (Draft International Standard) or a CEN ENV.
- Work item is a catch-all phrase for everything else, such as immature
- specifications, technical reports, etc., that have not yet achieved draft
- status.
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- C.1.1 International Standards Bodies Overview
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- Standards with the highest status are internationally agreed ones. In
- information technology, these are produced and published by the
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Other standards
- and/or recommendations are issued by the International Electrotechnical
- Commission (IEC), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and
- the CCITT. International standards bodies participants are normally
- countries and trade bodies, rather than individual suppliers or users.
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- C.1.2 National Standards Bodies Overview
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- Like the international standards bodies, most national bodies do not
- admit either suppliers or users directly, but receive representatives
- from interested trade bodies. In general, the national bodies support
- and adopt the international standards, developing national standards only
- if no international standards are available, or to meet special national
- requirements. Each country has a national body that is the formal
- representative to the international standards groups.
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- The relationship between the major international and national standards
- groups is shown in Figure C-1.
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- Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved.
- This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
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- 290 C Standards Infrastructure Description
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- ENVIRONMENT INTERIM DOCUMENT P1003.0/D13
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- Figure C-1 - International and National Standards Bodies
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- C.1.3 International and National Standards Bodies Relationship
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- Nongovernment standards organizations include trade associations,
- professional and technical societies, vendor consortia, user groups, and
- other special interest groups. Actual standards development occurs
- within these groups. The standards specified by formal standards groups
- within this category typically are subsequently submitted to national or
- international standards organizations for approval. Many informal bodies
- submit their specifications to formal bodies for approval as an
- accredited standard. (See Figure C-2).
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- C.2 The Formal Standards Groups
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- C.2.1 International and National Standards Organizations
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- _A_F_N_O_R_:__A_s_s_o_c_i_a_t_i_o_n__F_r_a_n_c_a_i_s_e__d_e__N_o_r_m_a_l_i_z_a_t_i_o_n
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- AFNOR is the French national standards body. Its responsibilities
- include sourcing, coordinating, approving, and promoting standards,
- representing the French at international meetings, and controlling the
- use of the NF label--a trademark that shows compliance with a French
- national standard. AFNOR publishes three types of standards documents--
- AFNOR-approved standards that are mandatory for use in the public sector,
- experimental standards that use new processes or techniques and whose use
- is voluntary, and information or guide standards.
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- For further information, contact Association Francaise de Normalization
- (AFNOR), Tour Europe - Cedex 7, 92080 Paris La Defense, Telephone: (1)
- 42 91 55 55, Telex: AFNOR 611 974F, Fax: (1) 42 91 56 56.
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- Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved.
- This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
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- C.2 The Formal Standards Groups 291
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- P1003.0/D13 GUIDE TO THE POSIX OPEN SYSTEMS
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- Figure C-2 - Selected Major Standards and Standards-Influencing Bodies
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- _A_N_S_I_:__A_m_e_r_i_c_a_n__N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l__S_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_s__I_n_s_t_i_t_u_t_e
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- ANSI is the national standards coordinating and approval body for the
- United States. A voluntary organization founded in 1918, the ANSI
- performs three major types of functions.
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- First, the ANSI approves standards and accredits standards development
- groups and certification programs. ANSI does not itself develop
- standards. Instead, it approves voluntarily-submitted specifications
- that were developed by technical and professional societies, trade
- associations, and special interest groups, if these specifications and/or
- groups meet ANSI criteria for due process and consensus.
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- Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved.
- This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
-
-
-
-
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- 292 C Standards Infrastructure Description
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