home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- IEEE P1003.0 Draft 13 - September 1991
-
-
- Copyright (c) 1991 by the
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
- 345 East 47th Street
- New York, NY 10017, USA
- All rights reserved as an unpublished work.
-
- This is an unapproved and unpublished IEEE Standards Draft,
- subject to change. The publication, distribution, or
- copying of this draft, as well as all derivative works based
- on this draft, is expressly prohibited except as set forth
- below.
-
- Permission is hereby granted for IEEE Standards Committee
- participants to reproduce this document for purposes of IEEE
- standardization activities only, and subject to the
- restrictions contained herein.
-
- Permission is hereby also granted for member bodies and
- technical committees of ISO and IEC to reproduce this
- document for purposes of developing a national position,
- subject to the restrictions contained herein.
-
- Permission is hereby also granted to the preceding entities
- to make limited copies of this document in an electronic
- form only for the stated activities.
-
- The following restrictions apply to reproducing or
- transmitting the document in any form: 1) all copies or
- portions thereof must identify the document's IEEE project
- number and draft number, and must be accompanied by this
- entire notice in a prominent location; 2) no portion of this
- document may be redistributed in any modified or abridged
- form without the prior approval of the IEEE Standards
- Department.
-
- Other entities seeking permission to reproduce this
- document, or any portion thereof, for standardization or
- other activities, must contact the IEEE Standards Department
- for the appropriate license.
-
- Use of information contained in this unapproved draft is at
- your own risk.
-
- IEEE Standards Department
- Copyright and Permissions
- 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331
- Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA
- +1 (908) 562-3800
- +1 (908) 562-1571 [FAX]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- P1003.0/D13 GUIDE TO THE POSIX OPEN SYSTEMS
-
- {B5} ANSI X3.113-19874), _I_n_f_o_r_m_a_t_i_o_n _s_y_s_t_e_m_s--_P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_i_n_g _l_a_n_g_u_a_g_e--_F_U_L_L
- _B_A_S_I_C.
-
- {B6} IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Operating Systems and
- Application Environments Standards Subcommittee. _T_C_O_S-_S_S_C _P_O_S_I_X
- _S_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_s _S_t_y_l_e _G_u_i_d_e.
-
- {B7} American Telephone and Telegraph Company. _S_y_s_t_e_m _V _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e
- _D_e_f_i_n_i_t_i_o_n (_S_V_I_D), _I_s_s_u_e_s _2 _a_n_d _3. Morristown, NJ: UNIX Press,
- 1986, 1989.
-
- {B8} /usr/group Standards Committee. _1_9_8_4 /_u_s_r/_g_r_o_u_p _S_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. Santa
- Clara, CA: UniForum, 1984.
-
- {B9} X/Open Company, Ltd. _X/_O_p_e_n _P_o_r_t_a_b_i_l_i_t_y _G_u_i_d_e, _I_s_s_u_e _3. Englewood
- Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- __________
- 4) ANSI documents can be obtained from the Sales Department, American
- National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.
-
-
-
- Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved.
- This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
-
-
-
-
-
- 288 B Bibliography
-
-
-
-
-
- P1003.0/D13
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Annex C
- (informative)
-
- Standards Infrastructure Description
-
-
-
-
- _R_e_s_p_o_n_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y: _W_e_n_d_y _R_a_u_c_h
-
- _H_L_J: _O_n_c_e _a_g_a_i_n, _a _f_u_l_l _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t _f_o_r _t_h_i_s _A_n_n_e_x, _s_o _n_o _f_u_r_t_h_e_r _d_i_f_f _d
- _m_a_r_k_s. _I _w_o_u_l_d _p_o_i_n_t _o_u_t _a _g_e_n_e_r_a_l _e_d_i_t_o_r_i_a_l _i_s_s_u_e _h_e_r_e: _I_S_O _s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_s _d
- _a_n_d _t_e_c_h_n_i_c_a_l _r_e_p_o_r_t_s _d_o _n_o_t _a_l_l_o_w _r_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s _t_o _c_o_m_m_e_r_c_i_a_l _o_r _a_c_a_d_e_m_i_c _d
- _o_r_g_a_n_i_z_a_t_i_o_n_s, _s_o _a _b_i_t _o_f _p_r_u_n_i_n_g _w_i_l_l _b_e _n_e_c_e_s_s_a_r_y _i_n _t_h_i_s _A_n_n_e_x. _I _d
- _w_o_u_l_d _a_l_s_o _r_e_c_o_m_m_e_n_d _r_e_m_o_v_i_n_g _a_n_y _t_i_m_e-_p_e_r_i_s_h_a_b_l_e _i_n_f_o_r_m_a_t_i_o_n: _n_u_m_b_e_r _o_f _d
- _m_e_m_b_e_r_s, _d_u_e_s, _m_e_e_t_i_n_g _s_c_h_e_d_u_l_e_s, _t_e_l_e_p_h_o_n_e _n_u_m_b_e_r_s, _e_t_c. _A_n_d _I _r_e_n_e_w _m_y _d
- _r_e_q_u_e_s_t _f_o_r _m_o_r_e _k_n_o_w_l_e_d_g_e_a_b_l_e _r_e_a_d_e_r_s _t_o _p_o_i_n_t _o_u_t _r_e_q_u_i_r_e_m_e_n_t_s _f_o_r _d
- _d_i_a_c_r_i_t_i_c_a_l _m_a_r_k_s _i_n _s_o_m_e _o_f _t_h_e _n_o_n-_E_n_g_l_i_s_h _n_a_m_e_s _a_n_d _a_d_d_r_e_s_s_e_s. _d
- _T_h_a_n_k_s. _d
-
-
- C.1 Introduction
-
- This annex provides a brief summary of the major national and
- international organizations working on the standardization of information
- technology.
-
- There are two major categories of open standards organizations. One
- consists of formally-recognized standards bodies, responsible for
- definition and dissemination of public standards. Their specifications
- are known as formal or de jure standards. International, national, and
- regional standards groups, and some professional and technical
- organizations' standards groups are examples of formal standards bodies.
- Organizations specifying standards for open system usually give
- precedence to international standards first, then regional, national, and
- finally professional group standards.
-
- The other standards organization category consists of informal bodies.
- Informal standards bodies are typically created by suppliers or users of
- information technology, usually using a consensus method, to enable the
- implementation of standards. They produce specifications known as
- industry standards or de facto standards. Certain trade associations,
- industry groups, vendor consortia, and user groups are examples of
- informal standards bodies. For informal specifications to be approved as
-
-
- Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved.
- This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
-
-
-
-
-
- C.1 Introduction 289
-
-
-
-
-
- P1003.0/D13 GUIDE TO THE POSIX OPEN SYSTEMS
-
- formal standards (e.g., international or national standards) informal
- standards groups typically submit their specifications to formal
- standards organizations.
-
- The term ``de facto standard'' is sometimes applied to popular vendor-
- defined systems. Such systems, however, are closed systems, often
- controlled in a proprietary fashion. Although they have value, closed de
- facto standards are not the subject of this guide.
-
- Most standards bodies support three types of status for their standards
- or specifications--approved, draft, and work item. An approved standard
- is one that has been fully ratified by whatever means the approving
- standards body uses. A draft standard is one that has yet to be fully
- ratified, such as an ISO DIS (Draft International Standard) or a CEN ENV.
- Work item is a catch-all phrase for everything else, such as immature
- specifications, technical reports, etc., that have not yet achieved draft
- status.
-
-
- C.1.1 International Standards Bodies Overview
-
- Standards with the highest status are internationally agreed ones. In
- information technology, these are produced and published by the
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Other standards
- and/or recommendations are issued by the International Electrotechnical
- Commission (IEC), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and
- the CCITT. International standards bodies participants are normally
- countries and trade bodies, rather than individual suppliers or users.
-
-
- C.1.2 National Standards Bodies Overview
-
- Like the international standards bodies, most national bodies do not
- admit either suppliers or users directly, but receive representatives
- from interested trade bodies. In general, the national bodies support
- and adopt the international standards, developing national standards only
- if no international standards are available, or to meet special national
- requirements. Each country has a national body that is the formal
- representative to the international standards groups.
-
- The relationship between the major international and national standards
- groups is shown in Figure C-1.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved.
- This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
-
-
-
-
-
- 290 C Standards Infrastructure Description
-
-
-